activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter 1.1.0

data/History.txt

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+== 1.1.0 2008-05-05
+
+* Forked from original activerecord-oracle-adapter-1.0.0.9216
+* Renamed oracle adapter to oracle_enhanced adapter
+  * Added "enhanced" to method and class definitions so that oracle_enhanced and original oracle adapter
+    could be used simultaniously
+  * Added Rails rake tasks as a copy from original oracle tasks
+* Enhancements:
+  * Improved perfomance of schema dump methods when used on large data dictionaries
+  * Added LOB writing callback for sessions stored in database
+  * Added emulate_dates_by_column_name option
+  * Added emulate_integers_by_column_name option
+  * Added emulate_booleans_from_strings option
+
+
+

data/License.txt

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+Copyright (c) 2008 Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen, Raimonds Simanovskis
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.txt

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+= activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter
+
+* http://rubyforge.org/projects/oracle-enhanced/
+
+== DESCRIPTION:
+
+Oracle "enhanced" ActiveRecord adapter contains useful additional methods for working with new and legacy Oracle databases
+from Rails which are extracted from current real projects' monkey patches of original Oracle adapter.
+
+See http://blog.rayapps.com for more information.
+
+Look ar RSpec tests under spec directory for usage examples.
+
+== FEATURES/PROBLEMS:
+
+
+== SYNOPSIS:
+
+In Rails config/database.yml file use oracle_enhanced as adapter name.
+
+Create config/initializers/oracle_advanced.rb file in your Rails application and put configuration options there.
+The following configuration options are available:
+
+* set to true if columns with DATE in their name should be emulated as Date (and not as Time which is default)
+ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name = true
+
+* set to true if columns with ID at the end of column name should be emulated as Fixnum (and not as BigDecimal which is default)
+ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_integers_by_column_name = true
+
+* set to true if CHAR(1), VARCHAR2(1) columns or or VARCHAR2 columns with FLAG or YN at the end of their name
+  should be emulated as booleans (and do not use NUMBER(1) as type for booleans which is default)
+ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans_from_strings = true
+
+
+== REQUIREMENTS:
+
+* Works with ActiveRecord version 2.0 (which is included in Rails 2.0)
+* Requires ruby-oci8 library to connect to Oracle
+
+== INSTALL:
+
+* sudo gem install activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter
+
+== LICENSE:
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2008 Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen, Raimonds Simanovskis
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced.rake

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+# RSI: implementation idea taken from JDBC adapter
+def redefine_task(*args, &block)
+  task_name = Hash === args.first ? args.first.keys[0] : args.first
+  existing_task = Rake.application.lookup task_name
+  if existing_task
+    class << existing_task; public :instance_variable_set; end
+    existing_task.instance_variable_set "@prerequisites", FileList[]
+    existing_task.instance_variable_set "@actions", []
+  end
+  task(*args, &block)
+end
+
+namespace :db do
+
+  namespace :structure do
+    redefine_task :dump => :environment do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(abcs[RAILS_ENV])
+      File.open("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql", "w+") { |f| f << ActiveRecord::Base.connection.structure_dump }
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+        File.open("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql", "a") { |f| f << ActiveRecord::Base.connection.dump_schema_information }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  namespace :test do
+    redefine_task :clone_structure => [ "db:structure:dump", "db:test:purge" ] do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:test)
+      IO.readlines("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql").join.split(";\n\n").each do |ddl|
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(ddl)
+      end
+    end
+
+    redefine_task :purge => :environment do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:test)
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.structure_drop.split(";\n\n").each do |ddl|
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(ddl)
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb

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+# oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb -- ActiveRecord adapter for Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g, 11g
+#
+# Authors or original oracle_adapter: Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen
+#
+# Current maintainer: Raimonds Simanovskis (http://blog.rayapps.com)
+#
+#########################################################################
+# 
+# See History.txt for changes added to original oracle_adapter.rb
+# 
+#########################################################################
+# 
+# From original oracle_adapter.rb:
+#
+# Implementation notes:
+# 1. Redefines (safely) a method in ActiveRecord to make it possible to
+#    implement an autonumbering solution for Oracle.
+# 2. The OCI8 driver is patched to properly handle values for LONG and
+#    TIMESTAMP columns. The driver-author has indicated that a future
+#    release of the driver will obviate this patch.
+# 3. LOB support is implemented through an after_save callback.
+# 4. Oracle does not offer native LIMIT and OFFSET options; this
+#    functionality is mimiced through the use of nested selects.
+#    See http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:127412348064
+#
+# Do what you want with this code, at your own peril, but if any
+# significant portion of my code remains then please acknowledge my
+# contribution.
+# portions Copyright 2005 Graham Jenkins
+
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
+require 'delegate'
+
+begin
+  require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_tasks'
+rescue LoadError
+end if defined?(RAILS_ROOT)
+
+begin
+  require_library_or_gem 'oci8' unless self.class.const_defined? :OCI8
+
+  module ActiveRecord
+    class Base
+      def self.oracle_enhanced_connection(config) #:nodoc:
+        # Use OCI8AutoRecover instead of normal OCI8 driver.
+        ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.new OCI8EnhancedAutoRecover.new(config), logger
+      end
+
+      # After setting large objects to empty, select the OCI8::LOB
+      # and write back the data.
+      after_save :enhanced_write_lobs
+      def enhanced_write_lobs #:nodoc:
+        if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter)
+          connection.write_lobs(self.class.table_name, self.class, attributes)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private :enhanced_write_lobs
+    end
+
+
+    module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
+      class OracleEnhancedColumn < Column #:nodoc:
+
+        def type_cast(value)
+          return value.to_date if type == :date && OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name && value.class == Time
+          return guess_date_or_time(value) if type == :datetime && OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates
+          super
+        end
+
+        # convert something to a boolean
+        # RSI: added y as boolean value
+        def self.value_to_boolean(value)
+          if value == true || value == false
+            value
+          else
+            %w(true t 1 y +).include?(value.to_s.downcase)
+          end
+        end
+        
+        private
+        def simplified_type(field_type)
+          return :boolean if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans && field_type == 'NUMBER(1)'
+          return :boolean if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans_from_strings &&
+                            OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_boolean_column?(name, field_type)
+          case field_type
+            when /date/i
+              return :date if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name && OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_date_column?(name)
+              :datetime
+            when /time/i then :datetime
+            when /decimal|numeric|number/i
+              return :integer if extract_scale(field_type) == 0
+              # RSI: if column name is ID or ends with _ID
+              return :integer if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_integers_by_column_name && OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_integer_column?(name)
+              :decimal
+            else super
+          end
+        end
+
+        def guess_date_or_time(value)
+          (value.hour == 0 and value.min == 0 and value.sec == 0) ?
+            Date.new(value.year, value.month, value.day) : value
+        end
+      end
+
+
+      # This is an Oracle/OCI adapter for the ActiveRecord persistence
+      # framework. It relies upon the OCI8 driver, which works with Oracle 8i
+      # and above. Most recent development has been on Debian Linux against
+      # a 10g database, ActiveRecord 1.12.1 and OCI8 0.1.13.
+      # See: http://rubyforge.org/projects/ruby-oci8/
+      #
+      # Usage notes:
+      # * Key generation assumes a "${table_name}_seq" sequence is available
+      #   for all tables; the sequence name can be changed using
+      #   ActiveRecord::Base.set_sequence_name. When using Migrations, these
+      #   sequences are created automatically.
+      # * Oracle uses DATE or TIMESTAMP datatypes for both dates and times.
+      #   Consequently some hacks are employed to map data back to Date or Time
+      #   in Ruby. If the column_name ends in _time it's created as a Ruby Time.
+      #   Else if the hours/minutes/seconds are 0, I make it a Ruby Date. Else
+      #   it's a Ruby Time. This is a bit nasty - but if you use Duck Typing
+      #   you'll probably not care very much. In 9i and up it's tempting to
+      #   map DATE to Date and TIMESTAMP to Time, but too many databases use
+      #   DATE for both. Timezones and sub-second precision on timestamps are
+      #   not supported.
+      # * Default values that are functions (such as "SYSDATE") are not
+      #   supported. This is a restriction of the way ActiveRecord supports
+      #   default values.
+      # * Support for Oracle8 is limited by Rails' use of ANSI join syntax, which
+      #   is supported in Oracle9i and later. You will need to use #finder_sql for
+      #   has_and_belongs_to_many associations to run against Oracle8.
+      #
+      # Required parameters:
+      #
+      # * <tt>:username</tt>
+      # * <tt>:password</tt>
+      # * <tt>:database</tt>
+      class OracleEnhancedAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+
+        @@emulate_booleans = true
+        cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans
+
+        @@emulate_dates = false
+        cattr_accessor :emulate_dates
+
+        # RSI: set to true if columns with DATE in their name should be emulated as date
+        @@emulate_dates_by_column_name = false
+        cattr_accessor :emulate_dates_by_column_name
+        def self.is_date_column?(name)
+          name =~ /date/i
+        end
+
+        # RSI: set to true if NUMBER columns with ID at the end of their name should be emulated as integers
+        @@emulate_integers_by_column_name = false
+        cattr_accessor :emulate_integers_by_column_name
+        def self.is_integer_column?(name)
+          name =~ /^id$/i || name =~ /_id$/i
+        end
+
+        # RSI: set to true if CHAR(1), VARCHAR2(1) columns or VARCHAR2 columns with FLAG or YN at the end of their name
+        # should be emulated as booleans
+        @@emulate_booleans_from_strings = false
+        cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans_from_strings
+        def self.is_boolean_column?(name, field_type)
+          return true if ["CHAR(1)","VARCHAR2(1)"].include?(field_type)
+          field_type =~ /^VARCHAR2/ && (name =~ /_flag$/i || name =~ /_yn$/i)
+        end
+        def self.boolean_to_string(bool)
+          bool ? "Y" : "N"
+        end
+
+        def adapter_name #:nodoc:
+          'OracleEnhanced'
+        end
+
+        def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
+          true
+        end
+
+        def native_database_types #:nodoc:
+          {
+            :primary_key => "NUMBER(38) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+            :string      => { :name => "VARCHAR2", :limit => 255 },
+            :text        => { :name => "CLOB" },
+            :integer     => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 38 },
+            :float       => { :name => "NUMBER" },
+            :decimal     => { :name => "DECIMAL" },
+            :datetime    => { :name => "DATE" },
+            :timestamp   => { :name => "DATE" },
+            :time        => { :name => "DATE" },
+            :date        => { :name => "DATE" },
+            :binary      => { :name => "BLOB" },
+            :boolean     => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 1 }
+          }
+        end
+
+        def table_alias_length
+          30
+        end
+
+        # Returns an array of arrays containing the field values.
+        # Order is the same as that returned by #columns.
+        def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
+          result = select(sql, name)
+          result.map{ |v| v.values}
+        end
+
+        # QUOTING ==================================================
+        #
+        # see: abstract/quoting.rb
+
+        # camelCase column names need to be quoted; not that anyone using Oracle
+        # would really do this, but handling this case means we pass the test...
+        def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
+          name.to_s =~ /[A-Z]/ ? "\"#{name}\"" : name
+        end
+
+        def quote_string(s) #:nodoc:
+          s.gsub(/'/, "''")
+        end
+
+        def quote(value, column = nil) #:nodoc:
+          if value && column && [:text, :binary].include?(column.type)
+            %Q{empty_#{ column.sql_type.downcase rescue 'blob' }()}
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        def quoted_true
+          return "'#{self.class.boolean_to_string(true)}'" if emulate_booleans_from_strings
+          "1"
+        end
+
+        def quoted_false
+          return "'#{self.class.boolean_to_string(false)}'" if emulate_booleans_from_strings
+          "0"
+        end
+
+
+        # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
+        #
+
+        # Returns true if the connection is active.
+        def active?
+          # Pings the connection to check if it's still good. Note that an
+          # #active? method is also available, but that simply returns the
+          # last known state, which isn't good enough if the connection has
+          # gone stale since the last use.
+          @connection.ping
+        rescue OCIException
+          false
+        end
+
+        # Reconnects to the database.
+        def reconnect!
+          @connection.reset!
+        rescue OCIException => e
+          @logger.warn "#{adapter_name} automatic reconnection failed: #{e.message}"
+        end
+
+        # Disconnects from the database.
+        def disconnect!
+          @connection.logoff rescue nil
+          @connection.active = false
+        end
+
+
+        # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
+        #
+        # see: abstract/database_statements.rb
+
+        def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+          log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql }
+        end
+
+        # Returns the next sequence value from a sequence generator. Not generally
+        # called directly; used by ActiveRecord to get the next primary key value
+        # when inserting a new database record (see #prefetch_primary_key?).
+        def next_sequence_value(sequence_name)
+          id = 0
+          @connection.exec("select #{sequence_name}.nextval id from dual") { |r| id = r[0].to_i }
+          id
+        end
+
+        def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          @connection.autocommit = false
+        end
+
+        def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          @connection.commit
+        ensure
+          @connection.autocommit = true
+        end
+
+        def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+          @connection.rollback
+        ensure
+          @connection.autocommit = true
+        end
+
+        def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+          offset = options[:offset] || 0
+
+          if limit = options[:limit]
+            sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_ where rownum <= #{offset+limit}) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
+          elsif offset > 0
+            sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Returns true for Oracle adapter (since Oracle requires primary key
+        # values to be pre-fetched before insert). See also #next_sequence_value.
+        def prefetch_primary_key?(table_name = nil)
+          true
+        end
+
+        def default_sequence_name(table, column) #:nodoc:
+          "#{table}_seq"
+        end
+
+
+        # Inserts the given fixture into the table. Overridden to properly handle lobs.
+        def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name)
+          super
+
+          klass = fixture.class_name.constantize rescue nil
+          if klass.respond_to?(:ancestors) && klass.ancestors.include?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+            write_lobs(table_name, klass, fixture)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Writes LOB values from attributes, as indicated by the LOB columns of klass.
+        def write_lobs(table_name, klass, attributes)
+          id = quote(attributes[klass.primary_key])
+          klass.columns.select { |col| col.sql_type =~ /LOB$/i }.each do |col|
+            value = attributes[col.name]
+            value = value.to_yaml if col.text? && klass.serialized_attributes[col.name]
+            next if value.nil?  || (value == '')
+            lob = select_one("SELECT #{col.name} FROM #{table_name} WHERE #{klass.primary_key} = #{id}",
+                             'Writable Large Object')[col.name]
+            lob.write value
+          end
+        end
+
+
+        # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
+        #
+        # see: abstract/schema_statements.rb
+
+        def current_database #:nodoc:
+          select_one("select sys_context('userenv','db_name') db from dual")["db"]
+        end
+
+        # RSI: changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+        def tables(name = nil) #:nodoc:
+          select_all("select lower(table_name) from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')").inject([]) do | tabs, t |
+            tabs << t.to_a.first.last
+          end
+        end
+
+        def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+          result = select_all(<<-SQL, name)
+            SELECT lower(i.index_name) as index_name, i.uniqueness, lower(c.column_name) as column_name
+              FROM user_indexes i, user_ind_columns c
+             WHERE i.table_name = '#{table_name.to_s.upcase}'
+               AND c.index_name = i.index_name
+               AND i.index_name NOT IN (SELECT uc.index_name FROM user_constraints uc WHERE uc.constraint_type = 'P')
+              ORDER BY i.index_name, c.column_position
+          SQL
+
+          current_index = nil
+          indexes = []
+
+          result.each do |row|
+            if current_index != row['index_name']
+              indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, row['index_name'], row['uniqueness'] == "UNIQUE", [])
+              current_index = row['index_name']
+            end
+
+            indexes.last.columns << row['column_name']
+          end
+
+          indexes
+        end
+
+        def columns(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+          (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+
+          table_cols = <<-SQL
+            select column_name as name, data_type as sql_type, data_default, nullable,
+                   decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_precision,
+                                     'FLOAT', data_precision,
+                                     'VARCHAR2', data_length,
+                                     'CHAR', data_length,
+                                      null) as limit,
+                   decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_scale, null) as scale
+              from all_tab_columns
+             where owner      = '#{owner}'
+               and table_name = '#{table_name}'
+             order by column_id
+          SQL
+
+          select_all(table_cols, name).map do |row|
+            limit, scale = row['limit'], row['scale']
+            if limit || scale
+              row['sql_type'] << "(#{(limit || 38).to_i}" + ((scale = scale.to_i) > 0 ? ",#{scale})" : ")")
+            end
+
+            # clean up odd default spacing from Oracle
+            if row['data_default']
+              row['data_default'].sub!(/^(.*?)\s*$/, '\1')
+              row['data_default'].sub!(/^'(.*)'$/, '\1')
+              row['data_default'] = nil if row['data_default'] =~ /^(null|empty_[bc]lob\(\))$/i
+            end
+
+            OracleEnhancedColumn.new(oracle_downcase(row['name']),
+                             row['data_default'],
+                             row['sql_type'],
+                             row['nullable'] == 'Y')
+          end
+        end
+
+        def create_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          super(name, options)
+          seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || "#{name}_seq"
+          execute "CREATE SEQUENCE #{seq_name} START WITH 10000" unless options[:id] == false
+        end
+
+        def rename_table(name, new_name) #:nodoc:
+          execute "RENAME #{name} TO #{new_name}"
+          execute "RENAME #{name}_seq TO #{new_name}_seq" rescue nil
+        end
+
+        def drop_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          super(name)
+          seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || "#{name}_seq"
+          execute "DROP SEQUENCE #{seq_name}" rescue nil
+        end
+
+        def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          execute "DROP INDEX #{index_name(table_name, options)}"
+        end
+
+        def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{quote_column_name(column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
+        end
+
+        def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+          change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
+          add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options)
+          execute(change_column_sql)
+        end
+
+        def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} to #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
+        end
+
+        def remove_column(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} DROP COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+        end
+
+        # Find a table's primary key and sequence. 
+        # *Note*: Only primary key is implemented - sequence will be nil.
+        def pk_and_sequence_for(table_name)
+          (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+
+          # RSI: changed select from all_constraints to user_constraints - much faster in large data dictionaries
+          pks = select_values(<<-SQL, 'Primary Key')
+            select cc.column_name
+              from user_constraints c, all_cons_columns cc
+             where c.owner = '#{owner}'
+               and c.table_name = '#{table_name}'
+               and c.constraint_type = 'P'
+               and cc.owner = c.owner
+               and cc.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
+          SQL
+
+          # only support single column keys
+          pks.size == 1 ? [oracle_downcase(pks.first), nil] : nil
+        end
+
+        def structure_dump #:nodoc:
+          s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |structure, seq|
+            structure << "create sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
+          end
+
+          # RSI: changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+          select_all("select table_name from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')").inject(s) do |structure, table|
+            ddl = "create table #{table.to_a.first.last} (\n "
+            cols = select_all(%Q{
+              select column_name, data_type, data_length, data_precision, data_scale, data_default, nullable
+              from user_tab_columns
+              where table_name = '#{table.to_a.first.last}'
+              order by column_id
+            }).map do |row|
+              col = "#{row['column_name'].downcase} #{row['data_type'].downcase}"
+              if row['data_type'] =='NUMBER' and !row['data_precision'].nil?
+                col << "(#{row['data_precision'].to_i}"
+                col << ",#{row['data_scale'].to_i}" if !row['data_scale'].nil?
+                col << ')'
+              elsif row['data_type'].include?('CHAR')
+                col << "(#{row['data_length'].to_i})"
+              end
+              col << " default #{row['data_default']}" if !row['data_default'].nil?
+              col << ' not null' if row['nullable'] == 'N'
+              col
+            end
+            ddl << cols.join(",\n ")
+            ddl << ");\n\n"
+            structure << ddl
+          end
+        end
+
+        def structure_drop #:nodoc:
+          s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |drop, seq|
+            drop << "drop sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
+          end
+
+          # RSI: changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+          select_all("select table_name from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')").inject(s) do |drop, table|
+            drop << "drop table #{table.to_a.first.last} cascade constraints;\n\n"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def add_column_options!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+          # handle case of defaults for CLOB columns, which would otherwise get "quoted" incorrectly
+          if options_include_default?(options) && (column = options[:column]) && column.type == :text
+            sql << " DEFAULT #{quote(options.delete(:default))}" 
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+        # SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
+        #
+        # Oracle requires the ORDER BY columns to be in the SELECT list for DISTINCT
+        # queries. However, with those columns included in the SELECT DISTINCT list, you
+        # won't actually get a distinct list of the column you want (presuming the column
+        # has duplicates with multiple values for the ordered-by columns. So we use the 
+        # FIRST_VALUE function to get a single (first) value for each column, effectively
+        # making every row the same.
+        #
+        #   distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
+        def distinct(columns, order_by)
+          return "DISTINCT #{columns}" if order_by.blank?
+
+          # construct a valid DISTINCT clause, ie. one that includes the ORDER BY columns, using
+          # FIRST_VALUE such that the inclusion of these columns doesn't invalidate the DISTINCT
+          order_columns = order_by.split(',').map { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
+          order_columns = order_columns.zip((0...order_columns.size).to_a).map do |c, i|
+            "FIRST_VALUE(#{c.split.first}) OVER (PARTITION BY #{columns} ORDER BY #{c}) AS alias_#{i}__"
+          end
+          sql = "DISTINCT #{columns}, "
+          sql << order_columns * ", "
+        end
+
+        # ORDER BY clause for the passed order option.
+        # 
+        # Uses column aliases as defined by #distinct.
+        def add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
+          return sql if options[:order].blank?
+
+          order = options[:order].split(',').collect { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
+          order.map! {|s| $1 if s =~ / (.*)/}
+          order = order.zip((0...order.size).to_a).map { |s,i| "alias_#{i}__ #{s}" }.join(', ')
+
+          sql << " ORDER BY #{order}"
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def select(sql, name = nil)
+          cursor = execute(sql, name)
+          cols = cursor.get_col_names.map { |x| oracle_downcase(x) }
+          rows = []
+
+          while row = cursor.fetch
+            hash = Hash.new
+
+            cols.each_with_index do |col, i|
+              hash[col] =
+                case row[i]
+                when OCI8::LOB
+                  name == 'Writable Large Object' ? row[i]: row[i].read
+                when OraDate
+                  d = row[i]
+                  # RSI: added emulate_dates_by_column_name functionality
+                  if emulate_dates_by_column_name && self.class.is_date_column?(col)
+                    d.to_date
+                  elsif emulate_dates && (d.hour == 0 && d.minute == 0 && d.second == 0)
+                    d.to_date
+                  else
+                    # see string_to_time; Time overflowing to DateTime, respecting the default timezone
+                    time_array = [d.year, d.month, d.day, d.hour, d.minute, d.second]
+                    begin
+                      Time.send(Base.default_timezone, *time_array)
+                    rescue
+                      zone_offset = if Base.default_timezone == :local then DateTime.now.offset else 0 end
+                      # Append zero calendar reform start to account for dates skipped by calendar reform
+                      DateTime.new(*time_array[0..5] << zone_offset << 0) rescue nil
+                    end
+                  end
+                # RSI: added emulate_integers_by_column_name functionality
+                when Float
+                  n = row[i]
+                  if emulate_integers_by_column_name && self.class.is_integer_column?(col)
+                    n.to_i
+                  else
+                    n
+                  end
+                else row[i]
+                end unless col == 'raw_rnum_'
+            end
+
+            rows << hash
+          end
+
+          rows
+        ensure
+          cursor.close if cursor
+        end
+
+        # Oracle column names by default are case-insensitive, but treated as upcase;
+        # for neatness, we'll downcase within Rails. EXCEPT that folks CAN quote
+        # their column names when creating Oracle tables, which makes then case-sensitive.
+        # I don't know anybody who does this, but we'll handle the theoretical case of a
+        # camelCase column name. I imagine other dbs handle this different, since there's a
+        # unit test that's currently failing test_oci.
+        def oracle_downcase(column_name)
+          column_name =~ /[a-z]/ ? column_name : column_name.downcase
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  class OCI8 #:nodoc:
+
+    # This OCI8 patch may not longer be required with the upcoming
+    # release of version 0.2.
+    class Cursor #:nodoc:
+      alias :enhanced_define_a_column_pre_ar :define_a_column
+      def define_a_column(i)
+        case do_ocicall(@ctx) { @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE) }
+        when 8;   @stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535) # Read LONG values
+        when 187; @stmt.defineByPos(i, OraDate) # Read TIMESTAMP values
+        when 108
+          if @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME) == 'XMLTYPE'
+            @stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535)
+          else
+            raise 'unsupported datatype'
+          end
+        else enhanced_define_a_column_pre_ar i
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # missing constant from oci8 < 0.1.14
+    OCI_PTYPE_UNK = 0 unless defined?(OCI_PTYPE_UNK)
+
+    # Uses the describeAny OCI call to find the target owner and table_name
+    # indicated by +name+, parsing through synonynms as necessary. Returns
+    # an array of [owner, table_name].
+    def describe(name)
+      @desc ||= @@env.alloc(OCIDescribe)
+      @desc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_DESC_PUBLIC, -1) if VERSION >= '0.1.14'
+      @desc.describeAny(@svc, name.to_s, OCI_PTYPE_UNK) rescue raise %Q{"DESC #{name}" failed; does it exist?}
+      info = @desc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PARAM)
+
+      case info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PTYPE)
+      when OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, OCI_PTYPE_VIEW
+        owner      = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_SCHEMA)
+        table_name = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_NAME)
+        [owner, table_name]
+      when OCI_PTYPE_SYN
+        schema = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME)
+        name   = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)
+        describe(schema + '.' + name)
+      else raise %Q{"DESC #{name}" failed; not a table or view.}
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+  # The OracleConnectionFactory factors out the code necessary to connect and
+  # configure an Oracle/OCI connection.
+  class OracleEnhancedConnectionFactory #:nodoc:
+    def new_connection(username, password, database, async, prefetch_rows, cursor_sharing)
+      conn = OCI8.new username, password, database
+      conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'}
+      conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_timestamp_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'} rescue nil
+      conn.autocommit = true
+      conn.non_blocking = true if async
+      conn.prefetch_rows = prefetch_rows
+      conn.exec "alter session set cursor_sharing = #{cursor_sharing}" rescue nil
+      conn
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # The OCI8AutoRecover class enhances the OCI8 driver with auto-recover and
+  # reset functionality. If a call to #exec fails, and autocommit is turned on
+  # (ie., we're not in the middle of a longer transaction), it will
+  # automatically reconnect and try again. If autocommit is turned off,
+  # this would be dangerous (as the earlier part of the implied transaction
+  # may have failed silently if the connection died) -- so instead the
+  # connection is marked as dead, to be reconnected on it's next use.
+  class OCI8EnhancedAutoRecover < DelegateClass(OCI8) #:nodoc:
+    attr_accessor :active
+    alias :active? :active
+
+    cattr_accessor :auto_retry
+    class << self
+      alias :auto_retry? :auto_retry
+    end
+    @@auto_retry = false
+
+    def initialize(config, factory = OracleEnhancedConnectionFactory.new)
+      @active = true
+      @username, @password, @database, = config[:username].to_s, config[:password].to_s, config[:database].to_s
+      @async = config[:allow_concurrency]
+      @prefetch_rows = config[:prefetch_rows] || 100
+      @cursor_sharing = config[:cursor_sharing] || 'similar'
+      @factory = factory
+      @connection  = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database, @async, @prefetch_rows, @cursor_sharing
+      super @connection
+    end
+
+    # Checks connection, returns true if active. Note that ping actively
+    # checks the connection, while #active? simply returns the last
+    # known state.
+    def ping
+      @connection.exec("select 1 from dual") { |r| nil }
+      @active = true
+    rescue
+      @active = false
+      raise
+    end
+
+    # Resets connection, by logging off and creating a new connection.
+    def reset!
+      logoff rescue nil
+      begin
+        @connection = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database, @async, @prefetch_rows, @cursor_sharing
+        __setobj__ @connection
+        @active = true
+      rescue
+        @active = false
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    # ORA-00028: your session has been killed
+    # ORA-01012: not logged on
+    # ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
+    # ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
+    LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES = [ 28, 1012, 3113, 3114 ]
+
+    # Adds auto-recovery functionality.
+    #
+    # See: http://www.jiubao.org/ruby-oci8/api.en.html#label-11
+    def exec(sql, *bindvars, &block)
+      should_retry = self.class.auto_retry? && autocommit?
+
+      begin
+        @connection.exec(sql, *bindvars, &block)
+      rescue OCIException => e
+        raise unless LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES.include?(e.code)
+        @active = false
+        raise unless should_retry
+        should_retry = false
+        reset! rescue nil
+        retry
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+rescue LoadError
+  # OCI8 driver is unavailable.
+  module ActiveRecord # :nodoc:
+    class Base
+      @@oracle_error_message = "Oracle/OCI libraries could not be loaded: #{$!.to_s}"
+      def self.oracle_enhanced_connection(config) # :nodoc:
+        # Set up a reasonable error message
+        raise LoadError, @@oracle_error_message
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# RSI: Added LOB writing callback for sessions stored in database
+# Otherwise it is not working as Session class is defined before OracleAdapter is loaded in Rails 2.0
+if defined?(CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session)
+  class CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session
+    after_save :enhanced_write_lobs
+  end
+end