activerecord-import 1.0.3

data/lib/activerecord-import/adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+module ActiveRecord::Import::PostgreSQLAdapter
+  include ActiveRecord::Import::ImportSupport
+  include ActiveRecord::Import::OnDuplicateKeyUpdateSupport
+
+  MIN_VERSION_FOR_UPSERT = 90_500
+
+  def insert_many( sql, values, options = {}, *args ) # :nodoc:
+    number_of_inserts = 1
+    returned_values = []
+    ids = []
+    results = []
+
+    base_sql, post_sql = if sql.is_a?( String )
+      [sql, '']
+    elsif sql.is_a?( Array )
+      [sql.shift, sql.join( ' ' )]
+    end
+
+    sql2insert = base_sql + values.join( ',' ) + post_sql
+
+    columns = returning_columns(options)
+    if columns.blank? || (options[:no_returning] && !options[:recursive])
+      insert( sql2insert, *args )
+    else
+      returned_values = if columns.size > 1
+        # Select composite columns
+        select_rows( sql2insert, *args )
+      else
+        select_values( sql2insert, *args )
+      end
+      query_cache.clear if query_cache_enabled
+    end
+
+    if options[:returning].blank?
+      ids = returned_values
+    elsif options[:primary_key].blank?
+      results = returned_values
+    else
+      # split primary key and returning columns
+      ids, results = split_ids_and_results(returned_values, columns, options)
+    end
+
+    ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], number_of_inserts, ids, results)
+  end
+
+  def split_ids_and_results(values, columns, options)
+    ids = []
+    results = []
+    id_indexes = Array(options[:primary_key]).map { |key| columns.index(key) }
+    returning_indexes = Array(options[:returning]).map { |key| columns.index(key) }
+
+    values.each do |value|
+      value_array = Array(value)
+      ids << id_indexes.map { |i| value_array[i] }
+      results << returning_indexes.map { |i| value_array[i] }
+    end
+
+    ids.map!(&:first) if id_indexes.size == 1
+    results.map!(&:first) if returning_indexes.size == 1
+
+    [ids, results]
+  end
+
+  def next_value_for_sequence(sequence_name)
+    %{nextval('#{sequence_name}')}
+  end
+
+  def post_sql_statements( table_name, options ) # :nodoc:
+    sql = []
+
+    if supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+      # Options :recursive and :on_duplicate_key_ignore are mutually exclusive
+      if (options[:ignore] || options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore]) && !options[:on_duplicate_key_update] && !options[:recursive]
+        sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_ignore( table_name, options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore] )
+      end
+    elsif logger && options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore] && !options[:on_duplicate_key_update]
+      logger.warn "Ignoring on_duplicate_key_ignore because it is not supported by the database."
+    end
+
+    sql += super(table_name, options)
+
+    columns = returning_columns(options)
+    unless columns.blank? || (options[:no_returning] && !options[:recursive])
+      sql << " RETURNING \"#{columns.join('", "')}\""
+    end
+
+    sql
+  end
+
+  def returning_columns(options)
+    columns = []
+    columns += Array(options[:primary_key]) if options[:primary_key].present?
+    columns |= Array(options[:returning]) if options[:returning].present?
+    columns
+  end
+
+  # Add a column to be updated on duplicate key update
+  def add_column_for_on_duplicate_key_update( column, options = {} ) # :nodoc:
+    arg = options[:on_duplicate_key_update]
+    if arg.is_a?( Hash )
+      columns = arg.fetch( :columns ) { arg[:columns] = [] }
+      case columns
+      when Array then columns << column.to_sym unless columns.include?( column.to_sym )
+      when Hash then columns[column.to_sym] = column.to_sym
+      end
+    elsif arg.is_a?( Array )
+      arg << column.to_sym unless arg.include?( column.to_sym )
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Returns a generated ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING statement given the passed
+  # in +args+.
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_ignore( table_name, *args ) # :nodoc:
+    arg = args.first
+    conflict_target = sql_for_conflict_target( arg ) if arg.is_a?( Hash )
+    " ON CONFLICT #{conflict_target}DO NOTHING"
+  end
+
+  # Returns a generated ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE statement given the passed
+  # in +args+.
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update( table_name, *args ) # :nodoc:
+    arg, primary_key, locking_column = args
+    arg = { columns: arg } if arg.is_a?( Array ) || arg.is_a?( String )
+    return unless arg.is_a?( Hash )
+
+    sql = ' ON CONFLICT '
+    conflict_target = sql_for_conflict_target( arg )
+
+    columns = arg.fetch( :columns, [] )
+    condition = arg[:condition]
+    if columns.respond_to?( :empty? ) && columns.empty?
+      return sql << "#{conflict_target}DO NOTHING"
+    end
+
+    conflict_target ||= sql_for_default_conflict_target( table_name, primary_key )
+    unless conflict_target
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Expected :conflict_target or :constraint_name to be specified'
+    end
+
+    sql << "#{conflict_target}DO UPDATE SET "
+    if columns.is_a?( Array )
+      sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_array( table_name, locking_column, columns )
+    elsif columns.is_a?( Hash )
+      sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_hash( table_name, locking_column, columns )
+    elsif columns.is_a?( String )
+      sql << columns
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Expected :columns to be an Array or Hash'
+    end
+
+    sql << " WHERE #{condition}" if condition.present?
+
+    sql
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_array( table_name, locking_column, arr ) # :nodoc:
+    results = arr.map do |column|
+      qc = quote_column_name( column )
+      "#{qc}=EXCLUDED.#{qc}"
+    end
+    increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    results.join( ',' )
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_hash( table_name, locking_column, hsh ) # :nodoc:
+    results = hsh.map do |column1, column2|
+      qc1 = quote_column_name( column1 )
+      qc2 = quote_column_name( column2 )
+      "#{qc1}=EXCLUDED.#{qc2}"
+    end
+    increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    results.join( ',' )
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_conflict_target( args = {} )
+    constraint_name = args[:constraint_name]
+    conflict_target = args[:conflict_target]
+    index_predicate = args[:index_predicate]
+    if constraint_name.present?
+      "ON CONSTRAINT #{constraint_name} "
+    elsif conflict_target.present?
+      '(' << Array( conflict_target ).reject( &:blank? ).join( ', ' ) << ') '.tap do |sql|
+        sql << "WHERE #{index_predicate} " if index_predicate
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_default_conflict_target( table_name, primary_key )
+    conflict_target = Array(primary_key).join(', ')
+    "(#{conflict_target}) " if conflict_target.present?
+  end
+
+  # Return true if the statement is a duplicate key record error
+  def duplicate_key_update_error?(exception) # :nodoc:
+    exception.is_a?(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) && exception.to_s.include?('duplicate key')
+  end
+
+  def supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+    database_version >= MIN_VERSION_FOR_UPSERT
+  end
+
+  def supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?
+    true
+  end
+
+  def increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    if locking_column.present?
+      results << "\"#{locking_column}\"=EXCLUDED.\"#{locking_column}\"+1"
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def database_version
+    defined?(postgresql_version) ? postgresql_version : super
+  end
+end

data/lib/activerecord-import/adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+module ActiveRecord::Import::SQLite3Adapter
+  include ActiveRecord::Import::ImportSupport
+  include ActiveRecord::Import::OnDuplicateKeyUpdateSupport
+
+  MIN_VERSION_FOR_IMPORT = "3.7.11".freeze
+  MIN_VERSION_FOR_UPSERT = "3.24.0".freeze
+  SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT = 500
+
+  # Override our conformance to ActiveRecord::Import::ImportSupport interface
+  # to ensure that we only support import in supported version of SQLite.
+  # Which INSERT statements with multiple value sets was introduced in 3.7.11.
+  def supports_import?
+    database_version >= MIN_VERSION_FOR_IMPORT
+  end
+
+  def supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+    database_version >= MIN_VERSION_FOR_UPSERT
+  end
+
+  # +sql+ can be a single string or an array. If it is an array all
+  # elements that are in position >= 1 will be appended to the final SQL.
+  def insert_many( sql, values, _options = {}, *args ) # :nodoc:
+    number_of_inserts = 0
+
+    base_sql, post_sql = if sql.is_a?( String )
+      [sql, '']
+    elsif sql.is_a?( Array )
+      [sql.shift, sql.join( ' ' )]
+    end
+
+    value_sets = ::ActiveRecord::Import::ValueSetsRecordsParser.parse(values,
+      max_records: SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT)
+
+    transaction(requires_new: true) do
+      value_sets.each do |value_set|
+        number_of_inserts += 1
+        sql2insert = base_sql + value_set.join( ',' ) + post_sql
+        insert( sql2insert, *args )
+      end
+    end
+
+    ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], number_of_inserts, [], [])
+  end
+
+  def pre_sql_statements( options )
+    sql = []
+    # Options :recursive and :on_duplicate_key_ignore are mutually exclusive
+    if !supports_on_duplicate_key_update? && (options[:ignore] || options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore])
+      sql << "OR IGNORE"
+    end
+    sql + super
+  end
+
+  def post_sql_statements( table_name, options ) # :nodoc:
+    sql = []
+
+    if supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+      # Options :recursive and :on_duplicate_key_ignore are mutually exclusive
+      if (options[:ignore] || options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore]) && !options[:on_duplicate_key_update]
+        sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_ignore( options[:on_duplicate_key_ignore] )
+      end
+    end
+
+    sql + super
+  end
+
+  def next_value_for_sequence(sequence_name)
+    %{nextval('#{sequence_name}')}
+  end
+
+  # Add a column to be updated on duplicate key update
+  def add_column_for_on_duplicate_key_update( column, options = {} ) # :nodoc:
+    arg = options[:on_duplicate_key_update]
+    if arg.is_a?( Hash )
+      columns = arg.fetch( :columns ) { arg[:columns] = [] }
+      case columns
+      when Array then columns << column.to_sym unless columns.include?( column.to_sym )
+      when Hash then columns[column.to_sym] = column.to_sym
+      end
+    elsif arg.is_a?( Array )
+      arg << column.to_sym unless arg.include?( column.to_sym )
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Returns a generated ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING statement given the passed
+  # in +args+.
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_ignore( *args ) # :nodoc:
+    arg = args.first
+    conflict_target = sql_for_conflict_target( arg ) if arg.is_a?( Hash )
+    " ON CONFLICT #{conflict_target}DO NOTHING"
+  end
+
+  # Returns a generated ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE statement given the passed
+  # in +args+.
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update( _table_name, *args ) # :nodoc:
+    arg, primary_key, locking_column = args
+    arg = { columns: arg } if arg.is_a?( Array ) || arg.is_a?( String )
+    return unless arg.is_a?( Hash )
+
+    sql = ' ON CONFLICT '
+    conflict_target = sql_for_conflict_target( arg )
+
+    columns = arg.fetch( :columns, [] )
+    condition = arg[:condition]
+    if columns.respond_to?( :empty? ) && columns.empty?
+      return sql << "#{conflict_target}DO NOTHING"
+    end
+
+    conflict_target ||= sql_for_default_conflict_target( primary_key )
+    unless conflict_target
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Expected :conflict_target to be specified'
+    end
+
+    sql << "#{conflict_target}DO UPDATE SET "
+    if columns.is_a?( Array )
+      sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_array( locking_column, columns )
+    elsif columns.is_a?( Hash )
+      sql << sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_hash( locking_column, columns )
+    elsif columns.is_a?( String )
+      sql << columns
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Expected :columns to be an Array or Hash'
+    end
+
+    sql << " WHERE #{condition}" if condition.present?
+
+    sql
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_array( locking_column, arr ) # :nodoc:
+    results = arr.map do |column|
+      qc = quote_column_name( column )
+      "#{qc}=EXCLUDED.#{qc}"
+    end
+    increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    results.join( ',' )
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_on_duplicate_key_update_as_hash( locking_column, hsh ) # :nodoc:
+    results = hsh.map do |column1, column2|
+      qc1 = quote_column_name( column1 )
+      qc2 = quote_column_name( column2 )
+      "#{qc1}=EXCLUDED.#{qc2}"
+    end
+    increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    results.join( ',' )
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_conflict_target( args = {} )
+    conflict_target = args[:conflict_target]
+    index_predicate = args[:index_predicate]
+    if conflict_target.present?
+      '(' << Array( conflict_target ).reject( &:blank? ).join( ', ' ) << ') '.tap do |sql|
+        sql << "WHERE #{index_predicate} " if index_predicate
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def sql_for_default_conflict_target( primary_key )
+    conflict_target = Array(primary_key).join(', ')
+    "(#{conflict_target}) " if conflict_target.present?
+  end
+
+  # Return true if the statement is a duplicate key record error
+  def duplicate_key_update_error?(exception) # :nodoc:
+    exception.is_a?(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) && exception.to_s.include?('duplicate key')
+  end
+
+  def increment_locking_column!(results, locking_column)
+    if locking_column.present?
+      results << "\"#{locking_column}\"=EXCLUDED.\"#{locking_column}\"+1"
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def database_version
+    defined?(sqlite_version) ? sqlite_version : super
+  end
+end

data/lib/activerecord-import/base.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+require "pathname"
+require "active_record"
+require "active_record/version"
+
+module ActiveRecord::Import
+  ADAPTER_PATH = "activerecord-import/active_record/adapters".freeze
+
+  def self.base_adapter(adapter)
+    case adapter
+    when 'mysql2_makara' then 'mysql2'
+    when 'mysql2spatial' then 'mysql2'
+    when 'spatialite' then 'sqlite3'
+    when 'postgresql_makara' then 'postgresql'
+    when 'makara_postgis' then 'postgresql'
+    when 'postgis' then 'postgresql'
+    when 'cockroachdb' then 'postgresql'
+    else adapter
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Loads the import functionality for a specific database adapter
+  def self.require_adapter(adapter)
+    require File.join(ADAPTER_PATH, "/#{base_adapter(adapter)}_adapter")
+  rescue LoadError
+    # fallback
+  end
+
+  # Loads the import functionality for the passed in ActiveRecord connection
+  def self.load_from_connection_pool(connection_pool)
+    adapter =
+      if connection_pool.respond_to?(:db_config) # ActiveRecord >= 6.1
+        connection_pool.db_config.adapter
+      else
+        connection_pool.spec.config[:adapter]
+      end
+    require_adapter adapter
+  end
+end
+
+require 'activerecord-import/import'
+require 'activerecord-import/active_record/adapters/abstract_adapter'
+require 'activerecord-import/synchronize'
+require 'activerecord-import/value_sets_parser'

data/lib/activerecord-import/import.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1059 @@
+require "ostruct"
+
+module ActiveRecord::Import::ConnectionAdapters; end
+
+module ActiveRecord::Import #:nodoc:
+  Result = Struct.new(:failed_instances, :num_inserts, :ids, :results)
+
+  module ImportSupport #:nodoc:
+    def supports_import? #:nodoc:
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  module OnDuplicateKeyUpdateSupport #:nodoc:
+    def supports_on_duplicate_key_update? #:nodoc:
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  class MissingColumnError < StandardError
+    def initialize(name, index)
+      super "Missing column for value <#{name}> at index #{index}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Validator
+    def initialize(klass, options = {})
+      @options = options
+      @validator_class = klass
+      init_validations(klass)
+    end
+
+    def init_validations(klass)
+      @validate_callbacks = klass._validate_callbacks.dup
+
+      @validate_callbacks.each_with_index do |callback, i|
+        filter = callback.raw_filter
+        next unless filter.class.name =~ /Validations::PresenceValidator/ ||
+                    (!@options[:validate_uniqueness] &&
+                     filter.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Validations::UniquenessValidator))
+
+        callback = callback.dup
+        filter = filter.dup
+        attrs = filter.instance_variable_get(:@attributes).dup
+
+        if filter.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Validations::UniquenessValidator)
+          attrs = []
+        else
+          associations = klass.reflect_on_all_associations(:belongs_to)
+          associations.each do |assoc|
+            if (index = attrs.index(assoc.name))
+              key = assoc.foreign_key.to_sym
+              attrs[index] = key unless attrs.include?(key)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        filter.instance_variable_set(:@attributes, attrs)
+
+        if @validate_callbacks.respond_to?(:chain, true)
+          @validate_callbacks.send(:chain).tap do |chain|
+            callback.instance_variable_set(:@filter, filter)
+            chain[i] = callback
+          end
+        else
+          callback.raw_filter = filter
+          callback.filter = callback.send(:_compile_filter, filter)
+          @validate_callbacks[i] = callback
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def valid_model?(model)
+      init_validations(model.class) unless model.class == @validator_class
+
+      validation_context = @options[:validate_with_context]
+      validation_context ||= (model.new_record? ? :create : :update)
+      current_context = model.send(:validation_context)
+
+      begin
+        model.send(:validation_context=, validation_context)
+        model.errors.clear
+
+        model.run_callbacks(:validation) do
+          if defined?(ActiveSupport::Callbacks::Filters::Environment) # ActiveRecord >= 4.1
+            runner = @validate_callbacks.compile
+            env = ActiveSupport::Callbacks::Filters::Environment.new(model, false, nil)
+            if runner.respond_to?(:call) # ActiveRecord < 5.1
+              runner.call(env)
+            else # ActiveRecord 5.1
+              # Note that this is a gross simplification of ActiveSupport::Callbacks#run_callbacks.
+              # It's technically possible for there to exist an "around" callback in the
+              # :validate chain, but this would be an aberration, since Rails doesn't define
+              # "around_validate". Still, rather than silently ignoring such callbacks, we
+              # explicitly raise a RuntimeError, since activerecord-import was asked to perform
+              # validations and it's unable to do so.
+              #
+              # The alternative here would be to copy-and-paste the bulk of the
+              # ActiveSupport::Callbacks#run_callbacks method, which is undesirable if there's
+              # no real-world use case for it.
+              raise "The :validate callback chain contains an 'around' callback, which is unsupported" unless runner.final?
+              runner.invoke_before(env)
+              runner.invoke_after(env)
+            end
+          elsif @validate_callbacks.method(:compile).arity == 0 # ActiveRecord = 4.0
+            model.instance_eval @validate_callbacks.compile
+          else # ActiveRecord 3.x
+            model.instance_eval @validate_callbacks.compile(nil, model)
+          end
+        end
+
+        model.errors.empty?
+      ensure
+        model.send(:validation_context=, current_context)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy
+  def bulk_import(*args, &block)
+    @association.bulk_import(*args, &block)
+  end
+  alias import bulk_import unless respond_to? :import
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionAssociation
+  def bulk_import(*args, &block)
+    unless owner.persisted?
+      raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved, "You cannot call import unless the parent is saved"
+    end
+
+    options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+
+    model_klass = reflection.klass
+    symbolized_foreign_key = reflection.foreign_key.to_sym
+
+    symbolized_column_names = if model_klass.connection.respond_to?(:supports_virtual_columns?) && model_klass.connection.supports_virtual_columns?
+      model_klass.columns.reject(&:virtual?).map { |c| c.name.to_sym }
+    else
+      model_klass.column_names.map(&:to_sym)
+    end
+
+    owner_primary_key = reflection.active_record_primary_key.to_sym
+    owner_primary_key_value = owner.send(owner_primary_key)
+
+    # assume array of model objects
+    if args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+      if args.length == 2
+        models = args.last
+        column_names = args.first.dup
+      else
+        models = args.first
+        column_names = symbolized_column_names
+      end
+
+      unless symbolized_column_names.include?(symbolized_foreign_key)
+        column_names << symbolized_foreign_key
+      end
+
+      models.each do |m|
+        m.public_send "#{symbolized_foreign_key}=", owner_primary_key_value
+        m.public_send "#{reflection.type}=", owner.class.name if reflection.type
+      end
+
+      return model_klass.bulk_import column_names, models, options
+
+    # supports array of hash objects
+    elsif args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.first.is_a?(Hash)
+      if args.length == 2
+        array_of_hashes = args.last
+        column_names = args.first.dup
+        allow_extra_hash_keys = true
+      else
+        array_of_hashes = args.first
+        column_names = array_of_hashes.first.keys
+        allow_extra_hash_keys = false
+      end
+
+      symbolized_column_names = column_names.map(&:to_sym)
+      unless symbolized_column_names.include?(symbolized_foreign_key)
+        column_names << symbolized_foreign_key
+      end
+
+      if reflection.type && !symbolized_column_names.include?(reflection.type.to_sym)
+        column_names << reflection.type.to_sym
+      end
+
+      array_of_attributes = array_of_hashes.map do |h|
+        error_message = model_klass.send(:validate_hash_import, h, symbolized_column_names, allow_extra_hash_keys)
+
+        raise ArgumentError, error_message if error_message
+
+        column_names.map do |key|
+          if key == symbolized_foreign_key
+            owner_primary_key_value
+          elsif reflection.type && key == reflection.type.to_sym
+            owner.class.name
+          else
+            h[key]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      return model_klass.bulk_import column_names, array_of_attributes, options
+
+    # supports empty array
+    elsif args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.empty?
+      return ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], 0, [])
+
+    # supports 2-element array and array
+    elsif args.size == 2 && args.first.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.is_a?( Array )
+      column_names, array_of_attributes = args
+
+      # dup the passed args so we don't modify unintentionally
+      column_names = column_names.dup
+      array_of_attributes = array_of_attributes.map(&:dup)
+
+      symbolized_column_names = column_names.map(&:to_sym)
+
+      if symbolized_column_names.include?(symbolized_foreign_key)
+        index = symbolized_column_names.index(symbolized_foreign_key)
+        array_of_attributes.each { |attrs| attrs[index] = owner_primary_key_value }
+      else
+        column_names << symbolized_foreign_key
+        array_of_attributes.each { |attrs| attrs << owner_primary_key_value }
+      end
+
+      if reflection.type
+        symbolized_type = reflection.type.to_sym
+        if symbolized_column_names.include?(symbolized_type)
+          index = symbolized_column_names.index(symbolized_type)
+          array_of_attributes.each { |attrs| attrs[index] = owner.class.name }
+        else
+          column_names << symbolized_type
+          array_of_attributes.each { |attrs| attrs << owner.class.name }
+        end
+      end
+
+      return model_klass.bulk_import column_names, array_of_attributes, options
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Invalid arguments!"
+    end
+  end
+  alias import bulk_import unless respond_to? :import
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Base
+  class << self
+    def establish_connection_with_activerecord_import(*args)
+      conn = establish_connection_without_activerecord_import(*args)
+      ActiveRecord::Import.load_from_connection_pool connection_pool
+      conn
+    end
+
+    alias establish_connection_without_activerecord_import establish_connection
+    alias establish_connection establish_connection_with_activerecord_import
+
+    # Returns true if the current database connection adapter
+    # supports import functionality, otherwise returns false.
+    def supports_import?(*args)
+      connection.respond_to?(:supports_import?) && connection.supports_import?(*args)
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the current database connection adapter
+    # supports on duplicate key update functionality, otherwise
+    # returns false.
+    def supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+      connection.respond_to?(:supports_on_duplicate_key_update?) && connection.supports_on_duplicate_key_update?
+    end
+
+    # returns true if the current database connection adapter
+    # supports setting the primary key of bulk imported models, otherwise
+    # returns false
+    def supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?
+      connection.respond_to?(:supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?) && connection.supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?
+    end
+
+    # Imports a collection of values to the database.
+    #
+    # This is more efficient than using ActiveRecord::Base#create or
+    # ActiveRecord::Base#save multiple times. This method works well if
+    # you want to create more than one record at a time and do not care
+    # about having ActiveRecord objects returned for each record
+    # inserted.
+    #
+    # This can be used with or without validations. It does not utilize
+    # the ActiveRecord::Callbacks during creation/modification while
+    # performing the import.
+    #
+    # == Usage
+    #  Model.import array_of_models
+    #  Model.import column_names, array_of_models
+    #  Model.import array_of_hash_objects
+    #  Model.import column_names, array_of_hash_objects
+    #  Model.import column_names, array_of_values
+    #  Model.import column_names, array_of_values, options
+    #
+    # ==== Model.import array_of_models
+    #
+    # With this form you can call _import_ passing in an array of model
+    # objects that you want updated.
+    #
+    # ==== Model.import column_names, array_of_values
+    #
+    # The first parameter +column_names+ is an array of symbols or
+    # strings which specify the columns that you want to update.
+    #
+    # The second parameter, +array_of_values+, is an array of
+    # arrays. Each subarray is a single set of values for a new
+    # record. The order of values in each subarray should match up to
+    # the order of the +column_names+.
+    #
+    # ==== Model.import column_names, array_of_values, options
+    #
+    # The first two parameters are the same as the above form. The third
+    # parameter, +options+, is a hash. This is optional. Please see
+    # below for what +options+ are available.
+    #
+    # == Options
+    # * +validate+ - true|false, tells import whether or not to use
+    #   ActiveRecord validations. Validations are enforced by default.
+    #   It skips the uniqueness validation for performance reasons.
+    #   You can find more details here:
+    #   https://github.com/zdennis/activerecord-import/issues/228
+    # * +ignore+ - true|false, an alias for on_duplicate_key_ignore.
+    # * +on_duplicate_key_ignore+ - true|false, tells import to discard
+    #   records that contain duplicate keys. For Postgres 9.5+ it adds
+    #   ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING, for MySQL it uses INSERT IGNORE, and for
+    #   SQLite it uses INSERT OR IGNORE. Cannot be enabled on a
+    #   recursive import. For database adapters that normally support
+    #   setting primary keys on imported objects, this option prevents
+    #   that from occurring.
+    # * +on_duplicate_key_update+ - :all, an Array, or Hash, tells import to
+    #   use MySQL's ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE or Postgres/SQLite ON CONFLICT
+    #   DO UPDATE ability. See On Duplicate Key Update below.
+    # * +synchronize+ - an array of ActiveRecord instances for the model
+    #   that you are currently importing data into. This synchronizes
+    #   existing model instances in memory with updates from the import.
+    # * +timestamps+ - true|false, tells import to not add timestamps
+    #   (if false) even if record timestamps is disabled in ActiveRecord::Base
+    # * +recursive+ - true|false, tells import to import all has_many/has_one
+    #   associations if the adapter supports setting the primary keys of the
+    #   newly imported objects. PostgreSQL only.
+    # * +batch_size+ - an integer value to specify the max number of records to
+    #   include per insert. Defaults to the total number of records to import.
+    #
+    # == Examples
+    #  class BlogPost < ActiveRecord::Base ; end
+    #
+    #  # Example using array of model objects
+    #  posts = [ BlogPost.new author_name: 'Zach Dennis', title: 'AREXT',
+    #            BlogPost.new author_name: 'Zach Dennis', title: 'AREXT2',
+    #            BlogPost.new author_name: 'Zach Dennis', title: 'AREXT3' ]
+    #  BlogPost.import posts
+    #
+    #  # Example using array_of_hash_objects
+    #  # NOTE: column_names will be determined by using the keys of the first hash in the array. If later hashes in the
+    #  # array have different keys an exception will be raised. If you have hashes to import with different sets of keys
+    #  # we recommend grouping these into batches before importing.
+    #  values = [ {author_name: 'zdennis', title: 'test post'} ], [ {author_name: 'jdoe', title: 'another test post'} ] ]
+    #  BlogPost.import values
+    #
+    #  # Example using column_names and array_of_hash_objects
+    #  columns = [ :author_name, :title ]
+    #  values = [ {author_name: 'zdennis', title: 'test post'} ], [ {author_name: 'jdoe', title: 'another test post'} ] ]
+    #  BlogPost.import columns, values
+    #
+    #  # Example using column_names and array_of_values
+    #  columns = [ :author_name, :title ]
+    #  values = [ [ 'zdennis', 'test post' ], [ 'jdoe', 'another test post' ] ]
+    #  BlogPost.import columns, values
+    #
+    #  # Example using column_names, array_of_value and options
+    #  columns = [ :author_name, :title ]
+    #  values = [ [ 'zdennis', 'test post' ], [ 'jdoe', 'another test post' ] ]
+    #  BlogPost.import( columns, values, validate: false  )
+    #
+    #  # Example synchronizing existing instances in memory
+    #  post = BlogPost.where(author_name: 'zdennis').first
+    #  puts post.author_name # => 'zdennis'
+    #  columns = [ :author_name, :title ]
+    #  values = [ [ 'yoda', 'test post' ] ]
+    #  BlogPost.import posts, synchronize: [ post ]
+    #  puts post.author_name # => 'yoda'
+    #
+    #  # Example synchronizing unsaved/new instances in memory by using a uniqued imported field
+    #  posts = [BlogPost.new(title: "Foo"), BlogPost.new(title: "Bar")]
+    #  BlogPost.import posts, synchronize: posts, synchronize_keys: [:title]
+    #  puts posts.first.persisted? # => true
+    #
+    # == On Duplicate Key Update (MySQL)
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be either :all, an Array, or a Hash.
+    #
+    # ==== Using :all
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be set to :all. All columns
+    # other than the primary key are updated. If a list of column names is
+    # supplied, only those columns will be updated. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: :all
+    #
+    # ==== Using an Array
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be an array of column
+    # names. The column names are the only fields that are updated if
+    # a duplicate record is found. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: [ :date_modified, :content, :author ]
+    #
+    # ====  Using A Hash
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be a hash of column names
+    # to model attribute name mappings. This gives you finer grained
+    # control over what fields are updated with what attributes on your
+    # model. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, attributes, on_duplicate_key_update: { title: :title }
+    #
+    # == On Duplicate Key Update (Postgres 9.5+ and SQLite 3.24+)
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be :all, an Array, or a Hash with up to
+    # three attributes, :conflict_target (and optionally :index_predicate) or
+    # :constraint_name (Postgres), and :columns.
+    #
+    # ==== Using :all
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be set to :all. All columns
+    # other than the primary key are updated. If a list of column names is
+    # supplied, only those columns will be updated. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: :all
+    #
+    # ==== Using an Array
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be an array of column
+    # names. This option only handles inserts that conflict with the
+    # primary key. If a table does not have a primary key, this will
+    # not work. The column names are the only fields that are updated
+    # if a duplicate record is found. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: [ :date_modified, :content, :author ]
+    #
+    # ====  Using a Hash
+    #
+    # The :on_duplicate_key_update option can be a hash with up to three
+    # attributes, :conflict_target (and optionally :index_predicate) or
+    # :constraint_name, and :columns. Unlike MySQL, Postgres requires the
+    # conflicting constraint to be explicitly specified. Using this option
+    # allows you to specify a constraint other than the primary key.
+    #
+    # ===== :conflict_target
+    #
+    # The :conflict_target attribute specifies the columns that make up the
+    # conflicting unique constraint and can be a single column or an array of
+    # column names. This attribute is ignored if :constraint_name is included,
+    # but it is the preferred method of identifying a constraint. It will
+    # default to the primary key. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: [ :author_id, :slug ], columns: [ :date_modified ] }
+    #
+    # ===== :index_predicate
+    #
+    # The :index_predicate attribute optionally specifies a WHERE condition
+    # on :conflict_target, which is required for matching against partial
+    # indexes. This attribute is ignored if :constraint_name is included.
+    # Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: [ :author_id, :slug ], index_predicate: 'status <> 0', columns: [ :date_modified ] }
+    #
+    # ===== :constraint_name
+    #
+    # The :constraint_name attribute explicitly identifies the conflicting
+    # unique index by name. Postgres documentation discourages using this method
+    # of identifying an index unless absolutely necessary. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { constraint_name: :blog_posts_pkey, columns: [ :date_modified ] }
+    #
+    # ===== :condition
+    #
+    # The :condition attribute optionally specifies a WHERE condition
+    # on :conflict_action. Only rows for which this expression returns true will be updated.
+    # Note that it's evaluated last, after a conflict has been identified as a candidate to update.
+    # Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: [ :author_id ], condition: "blog_posts.title NOT LIKE '%sample%'", columns: [ :author_name ] }
+    #
+    # ===== :columns
+    #
+    # The :columns attribute can be either :all, an Array, or a Hash.
+    #
+    # ===== Using :all
+    #
+    # The :columns attribute can be :all. All columns other than the primary key will be updated.
+    # If a list of column names is supplied, only those columns will be updated.
+    # Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: :slug, columns: :all }
+    #
+    # ===== Using an Array
+    #
+    # The :columns attribute can be an array of column names. The column names
+    # are the only fields that are updated if a duplicate record is found.
+    # Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, values, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: :slug, columns: [ :date_modified, :content, :author ] }
+    #
+    # =====  Using a Hash
+    #
+    # The :columns option can be a hash of column names to model attribute name
+    # mappings. This gives you finer grained control over what fields are updated
+    # with what attributes on your model. Below is an example:
+    #
+    #   BlogPost.import columns, attributes, on_duplicate_key_update: { conflict_target: :slug, columns: { title: :title } }
+    #
+    # = Returns
+    # This returns an object which responds to +failed_instances+ and +num_inserts+.
+    # * failed_instances - an array of objects that fails validation and were not committed to the database. An empty array if no validation is performed.
+    # * num_inserts - the number of insert statements it took to import the data
+    # * ids - the primary keys of the imported ids if the adapter supports it, otherwise an empty array.
+    # * results - import results if the adapter supports it, otherwise an empty array.
+    def bulk_import(*args)
+      if args.first.is_a?( Array ) && args.first.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+        options = {}
+        options.merge!( args.pop ) if args.last.is_a?(Hash)
+
+        models = args.first
+        import_helper(models, options)
+      else
+        import_helper(*args)
+      end
+    end
+    alias import bulk_import unless ActiveRecord::Base.respond_to? :import
+
+    # Imports a collection of values if all values are valid. Import fails at the
+    # first encountered validation error and raises ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
+    # with the failed instance.
+    def bulk_import!(*args)
+      options = args.last.is_a?( Hash ) ? args.pop : {}
+      options[:validate] = true
+      options[:raise_error] = true
+
+      bulk_import(*args, options)
+    end
+    alias import! bulk_import! unless ActiveRecord::Base.respond_to? :import!
+
+    def import_helper( *args )
+      options = { validate: true, timestamps: true }
+      options.merge!( args.pop ) if args.last.is_a? Hash
+      # making sure that current model's primary key is used
+      options[:primary_key] = primary_key
+      options[:locking_column] = locking_column if attribute_names.include?(locking_column)
+
+      is_validating = options[:validate_with_context].present? ? true : options[:validate]
+      validator = ActiveRecord::Import::Validator.new(self, options)
+
+      # assume array of model objects
+      if args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.first.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+        if args.length == 2
+          models = args.last
+          column_names = args.first.dup
+        else
+          models = args.first
+          column_names = if connection.respond_to?(:supports_virtual_columns?) && connection.supports_virtual_columns?
+            columns.reject(&:virtual?).map(&:name)
+          else
+            self.column_names.dup
+          end
+        end
+
+        if models.first.id.nil?
+          Array(primary_key).each do |c|
+            if column_names.include?(c) && columns_hash[c].type == :uuid
+              column_names.delete(c)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        update_attrs = if record_timestamps && options[:timestamps]
+          if respond_to?(:timestamp_attributes_for_update, true)
+            send(:timestamp_attributes_for_update).map(&:to_sym)
+          else
+            new.send(:timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model)
+          end
+        end
+
+        array_of_attributes = []
+
+        models.each do |model|
+          if supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?
+            load_association_ids(model)
+          end
+
+          if is_validating && !validator.valid_model?(model)
+            raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid, model) if options[:raise_error]
+            next
+          end
+
+          array_of_attributes << column_names.map do |name|
+            if model.persisted? &&
+               update_attrs && update_attrs.include?(name.to_sym) &&
+               !model.send("#{name}_changed?")
+              nil
+            else
+              model.read_attribute(name.to_s)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        # supports array of hash objects
+      elsif args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.first.is_a?(Hash)
+        if args.length == 2
+          array_of_hashes = args.last
+          column_names = args.first.dup
+          allow_extra_hash_keys = true
+        else
+          array_of_hashes = args.first
+          column_names = array_of_hashes.first.keys
+          allow_extra_hash_keys = false
+        end
+
+        array_of_attributes = array_of_hashes.map do |h|
+          error_message = validate_hash_import(h, column_names, allow_extra_hash_keys)
+
+          raise ArgumentError, error_message if error_message
+
+          column_names.map do |key|
+            h[key]
+          end
+        end
+        # supports empty array
+      elsif args.last.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.empty?
+        return ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], 0, [], [])
+        # supports 2-element array and array
+      elsif args.size == 2 && args.first.is_a?( Array ) && args.last.is_a?( Array )
+
+        unless args.last.first.is_a?(Array)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Last argument should be a two dimensional array '[[]]'. First element in array was a #{args.last.first.class}"
+        end
+
+        column_names, array_of_attributes = args
+
+        # dup the passed args so we don't modify unintentionally
+        column_names = column_names.dup
+        array_of_attributes = array_of_attributes.map(&:dup)
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid arguments!"
+      end
+
+      # Force the primary key col into the insert if it's not
+      # on the list and we are using a sequence and stuff a nil
+      # value for it into each row so the sequencer will fire later
+      symbolized_column_names = Array(column_names).map(&:to_sym)
+      symbolized_primary_key = Array(primary_key).map(&:to_sym)
+
+      if !symbolized_primary_key.to_set.subset?(symbolized_column_names.to_set) && connection.prefetch_primary_key? && sequence_name
+        column_count = column_names.size
+        column_names.concat(Array(primary_key)).uniq!
+        columns_added = column_names.size - column_count
+        new_fields = Array.new(columns_added)
+        array_of_attributes.each { |a| a.concat(new_fields) }
+      end
+
+      # Don't modify incoming arguments
+      on_duplicate_key_update = options[:on_duplicate_key_update]
+      if on_duplicate_key_update
+        updatable_columns = symbolized_column_names.reject { |c| symbolized_primary_key.include? c }
+        options[:on_duplicate_key_update] = if on_duplicate_key_update.is_a?(Hash)
+          on_duplicate_key_update.each_with_object({}) do |(k, v), duped_options|
+            duped_options[k] = if k == :columns && v == :all
+              updatable_columns
+            elsif v.duplicable?
+              v.dup
+            else
+              v
+            end
+          end
+        elsif on_duplicate_key_update == :all
+          updatable_columns
+        elsif on_duplicate_key_update.duplicable?
+          on_duplicate_key_update.dup
+        else
+          on_duplicate_key_update
+        end
+      end
+
+      timestamps = {}
+
+      # record timestamps unless disabled in ActiveRecord::Base
+      if record_timestamps && options[:timestamps]
+        timestamps = add_special_rails_stamps column_names, array_of_attributes, options
+      end
+
+      return_obj = if is_validating
+        import_with_validations( column_names, array_of_attributes, options ) do |failed_instances|
+          if models
+            models.each { |m| failed_instances << m if m.errors.any? }
+          else
+            # create instances for each of our column/value sets
+            arr = validations_array_for_column_names_and_attributes( column_names, array_of_attributes )
+
+            # keep track of the instance and the position it is currently at. if this fails
+            # validation we'll use the index to remove it from the array_of_attributes
+            arr.each_with_index do |hsh, i|
+              model = new
+              hsh.each_pair { |k, v| model[k] = v }
+              next if validator.valid_model?(model)
+              raise(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid, model) if options[:raise_error]
+              array_of_attributes[i] = nil
+              failure = model.dup
+              failure.errors.send(:initialize_dup, model.errors)
+              failed_instances << failure
+            end
+            array_of_attributes.compact!
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        import_without_validations_or_callbacks( column_names, array_of_attributes, options )
+      end
+
+      if options[:synchronize]
+        sync_keys = options[:synchronize_keys] || Array(primary_key)
+        synchronize( options[:synchronize], sync_keys)
+      end
+      return_obj.num_inserts = 0 if return_obj.num_inserts.nil?
+
+      # if we have ids, then set the id on the models and mark the models as clean.
+      if models && supports_setting_primary_key_of_imported_objects?
+        set_attributes_and_mark_clean(models, return_obj, timestamps, options)
+
+        # if there are auto-save associations on the models we imported that are new, import them as well
+        import_associations(models, options.dup) if options[:recursive]
+      end
+
+      return_obj
+    end
+
+    # Imports the passed in +column_names+ and +array_of_attributes+
+    # given the passed in +options+ Hash with validations. Returns an
+    # object with the methods +failed_instances+ and +num_inserts+.
+    # +failed_instances+ is an array of instances that failed validations.
+    # +num_inserts+ is the number of inserts it took to import the data. See
+    # ActiveRecord::Base.import for more information on
+    # +column_names+, +array_of_attributes+ and +options+.
+    def import_with_validations( column_names, array_of_attributes, options = {} )
+      failed_instances = []
+
+      yield failed_instances if block_given?
+
+      result = if options[:all_or_none] && failed_instances.any?
+        ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], 0, [], [])
+      else
+        import_without_validations_or_callbacks( column_names, array_of_attributes, options )
+      end
+      ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new(failed_instances, result.num_inserts, result.ids, result.results)
+    end
+
+    # Imports the passed in +column_names+ and +array_of_attributes+
+    # given the passed in +options+ Hash. This will return the number
+    # of insert operations it took to create these records without
+    # validations or callbacks. See ActiveRecord::Base.import for more
+    # information on +column_names+, +array_of_attributes_ and
+    # +options+.
+    def import_without_validations_or_callbacks( column_names, array_of_attributes, options = {} )
+      return ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], 0, [], []) if array_of_attributes.empty?
+
+      column_names = column_names.map(&:to_sym)
+      scope_columns, scope_values = scope_attributes.to_a.transpose
+
+      unless scope_columns.blank?
+        scope_columns.zip(scope_values).each do |name, value|
+          name_as_sym = name.to_sym
+          next if column_names.include?(name_as_sym)
+
+          is_sti = (name_as_sym == inheritance_column.to_sym && self < base_class)
+          value = Array(value).first if is_sti
+
+          column_names << name_as_sym
+          array_of_attributes.each { |attrs| attrs << value }
+        end
+      end
+
+      columns = column_names.each_with_index.map do |name, i|
+        column = columns_hash[name.to_s]
+
+        raise ActiveRecord::Import::MissingColumnError.new(name.to_s, i) if column.nil?
+
+        column
+      end
+
+      columns_sql = "(#{column_names.map { |name| connection.quote_column_name(name) }.join(',')})"
+      pre_sql_statements = connection.pre_sql_statements( options )
+      insert_sql = ['INSERT', pre_sql_statements, "INTO #{quoted_table_name} #{columns_sql} VALUES "]
+      insert_sql = insert_sql.flatten.join(' ')
+      values_sql = values_sql_for_columns_and_attributes(columns, array_of_attributes)
+
+      number_inserted = 0
+      ids = []
+      results = []
+      if supports_import?
+        # generate the sql
+        post_sql_statements = connection.post_sql_statements( quoted_table_name, options )
+
+        batch_size = options[:batch_size] || values_sql.size
+        values_sql.each_slice(batch_size) do |batch_values|
+          # perform the inserts
+          result = connection.insert_many( [insert_sql, post_sql_statements].flatten,
+            batch_values,
+            options,
+            "#{model_name} Create Many Without Validations Or Callbacks" )
+          number_inserted += result.num_inserts
+          ids += result.ids
+          results += result.results
+        end
+      else
+        transaction(requires_new: true) do
+          values_sql.each do |values|
+            ids << connection.insert(insert_sql + values)
+            number_inserted += 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      ActiveRecord::Import::Result.new([], number_inserted, ids, results)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def set_attributes_and_mark_clean(models, import_result, timestamps, options)
+      return if models.nil?
+      models -= import_result.failed_instances
+
+      # if ids were returned for all models we know all were updated
+      if models.size == import_result.ids.size
+        import_result.ids.each_with_index do |id, index|
+          model = models[index]
+          model.id = id
+
+          timestamps.each do |attr, value|
+            model.send(attr + "=", value)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      if models.size == import_result.results.size
+        columns = Array(options[:returning])
+        single_column = "#{columns.first}=" if columns.size == 1
+        import_result.results.each_with_index do |result, index|
+          model = models[index]
+
+          if single_column
+            model.send(single_column, result)
+          else
+            columns.each_with_index do |column, col_index|
+              model.send("#{column}=", result[col_index])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      models.each do |model|
+        if model.respond_to?(:changes_applied) # Rails 4.1.8 and higher
+          model.changes_internally_applied if model.respond_to?(:changes_internally_applied) # legacy behavior for Rails 5.1
+          model.changes_applied
+        elsif model.respond_to?(:clear_changes_information) # Rails 4.0 and higher
+          model.clear_changes_information
+        else # Rails 3.2
+          model.instance_variable_get(:@changed_attributes).clear
+        end
+        model.instance_variable_set(:@new_record, false)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Sync belongs_to association ids with foreign key field
+    def load_association_ids(model)
+      association_reflections = model.class.reflect_on_all_associations(:belongs_to)
+      association_reflections.each do |association_reflection|
+        column_name = association_reflection.foreign_key
+        next if association_reflection.options[:polymorphic]
+        association = model.association(association_reflection.name)
+        association = association.target
+        next if association.blank? || model.public_send(column_name).present?
+
+        association_primary_key = association_reflection.association_primary_key
+        model.public_send("#{column_name}=", association.send(association_primary_key))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def import_associations(models, options)
+      # now, for all the dirty associations, collect them into a new set of models, then recurse.
+      # notes:
+      #    does not handle associations that reference themselves
+      #    should probably take a hash to associations to follow.
+      return if models.nil?
+      associated_objects_by_class = {}
+      models.each { |model| find_associated_objects_for_import(associated_objects_by_class, model) }
+
+      # :on_duplicate_key_update and :returning not supported for associations
+      options.delete(:on_duplicate_key_update)
+      options.delete(:returning)
+
+      associated_objects_by_class.each_value do |associations|
+        associations.each_value do |associated_records|
+          associated_records.first.class.bulk_import(associated_records, options) unless associated_records.empty?
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # We are eventually going to call Class.import <objects> so we build up a hash
+    # of class => objects to import.
+    def find_associated_objects_for_import(associated_objects_by_class, model)
+      associated_objects_by_class[model.class.name] ||= {}
+      return associated_objects_by_class unless model.id
+
+      association_reflections =
+        model.class.reflect_on_all_associations(:has_one) +
+        model.class.reflect_on_all_associations(:has_many)
+      association_reflections.each do |association_reflection|
+        associated_objects_by_class[model.class.name][association_reflection.name] ||= []
+
+        association = model.association(association_reflection.name)
+        association.loaded!
+
+        # Wrap target in an array if not already
+        association = Array(association.target)
+
+        changed_objects = association.select { |a| a.new_record? || a.changed? }
+        changed_objects.each do |child|
+          child.public_send("#{association_reflection.foreign_key}=", model.id)
+          # For polymorphic associations
+          association_reflection.type.try do |type|
+            child.public_send("#{type}=", model.class.base_class.name)
+          end
+        end
+        associated_objects_by_class[model.class.name][association_reflection.name].concat changed_objects
+      end
+      associated_objects_by_class
+    end
+
+    # Returns SQL the VALUES for an INSERT statement given the passed in +columns+
+    # and +array_of_attributes+.
+    def values_sql_for_columns_and_attributes(columns, array_of_attributes) # :nodoc:
+      # connection gets called a *lot* in this high intensity loop.
+      # Reuse the same one w/in the loop, otherwise it would keep being re-retreived (= lots of time for large imports)
+      connection_memo = connection
+
+      array_of_attributes.map do |arr|
+        my_values = arr.each_with_index.map do |val, j|
+          column = columns[j]
+
+          # be sure to query sequence_name *last*, only if cheaper tests fail, because it's costly
+          if val.nil? && Array(primary_key).first == column.name && !sequence_name.blank?
+            connection_memo.next_value_for_sequence(sequence_name)
+          elsif val.respond_to?(:to_sql)
+            "(#{val.to_sql})"
+          elsif column
+            if respond_to?(:type_caster)                                         # Rails 5.0 and higher
+              type = type_for_attribute(column.name)
+              val = type.type == :boolean ? type.cast(val) : type.serialize(val)
+              connection_memo.quote(val)
+            elsif column.respond_to?(:type_cast_from_user)                       # Rails 4.2
+              connection_memo.quote(column.type_cast_from_user(val), column)
+            else                                                                 # Rails 3.2, 4.0 and 4.1
+              if serialized_attributes.include?(column.name)
+                val = serialized_attributes[column.name].dump(val)
+              end
+              # Fixes #443 to support binary (i.e. bytea) columns on PG
+              val = column.type_cast(val) unless column.type.to_sym == :binary
+              connection_memo.quote(val, column)
+            end
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "Number of values (#{arr.length}) exceeds number of columns (#{columns.length})"
+          end
+        end
+        "(#{my_values.join(',')})"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def add_special_rails_stamps( column_names, array_of_attributes, options )
+      timestamp_columns = {}
+      timestamps        = {}
+
+      if respond_to?(:all_timestamp_attributes_in_model, true) # Rails 5.1 and higher
+        timestamp_columns[:create] = timestamp_attributes_for_create_in_model
+        timestamp_columns[:update] = timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model
+      else
+        instance = new
+        timestamp_columns[:create] = instance.send(:timestamp_attributes_for_create_in_model)
+        timestamp_columns[:update] = instance.send(:timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model)
+      end
+
+      # use tz as set in ActiveRecord::Base
+      timestamp = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone == :utc ? Time.now.utc : Time.now
+
+      [:create, :update].each do |action|
+        timestamp_columns[action].each do |column|
+          column = column.to_s
+          timestamps[column] = timestamp
+
+          index = column_names.index(column) || column_names.index(column.to_sym)
+          if index
+            # replace every instance of the array of attributes with our value
+            array_of_attributes.each { |arr| arr[index] = timestamp if arr[index].nil? }
+          else
+            column_names << column
+            array_of_attributes.each { |arr| arr << timestamp }
+          end
+
+          if supports_on_duplicate_key_update? && action == :update
+            connection.add_column_for_on_duplicate_key_update(column, options)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      timestamps
+    end
+
+    # Returns an Array of Hashes for the passed in +column_names+ and +array_of_attributes+.
+    def validations_array_for_column_names_and_attributes( column_names, array_of_attributes ) # :nodoc:
+      array_of_attributes.map { |values| Hash[column_names.zip(values)] }
+    end
+
+    # Checks that the imported hash has the required_keys, optionally also checks that the hash has
+    # no keys beyond those required when `allow_extra_keys` is false.
+    # returns `nil` if validation passes, or an error message if it fails
+    def validate_hash_import(hash, required_keys, allow_extra_keys) # :nodoc:
+      extra_keys = allow_extra_keys ? [] : hash.keys - required_keys
+      missing_keys = required_keys - hash.keys
+
+      return nil if extra_keys.empty? && missing_keys.empty?
+
+      if allow_extra_keys
+        <<-EOS
+Hash key mismatch.
+
+When importing an array of hashes with provided columns_names, each hash must contain keys for all column_names.
+
+Required keys: #{required_keys}
+Missing keys: #{missing_keys}
+
+Hash: #{hash}
+        EOS
+      else
+        <<-EOS
+Hash key mismatch.
+
+When importing an array of hashes, all hashes must have the same keys.
+If you have records that are missing some values, we recommend you either set default values
+for the missing keys or group these records into batches by key set before importing.
+
+Required keys: #{required_keys}
+Extra keys: #{extra_keys}
+Missing keys: #{missing_keys}
+
+Hash: #{hash}
+        EOS
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end