active_model_serializers 0.8.3 → 0.10.0

data/test/cache_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+require 'test_helper'
+require 'tmpdir'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+module ActiveModelSerializers
+  class CacheTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+    UncachedAuthor = Class.new(Author) do
+      # To confirm cache_key is set using updated_at and cache_key option passed to cache
+      undef_method :cache_key
+    end
+
+    Article = Class.new(::Model) do
+      # To confirm error is raised when cache_key is not set and cache_key option not passed to cache
+      undef_method :cache_key
+    end
+
+    ArticleSerializer = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer) do
+      cache only: [:place], skip_digest: true
+      attributes :title
+    end
+
+    InheritedRoleSerializer = Class.new(RoleSerializer) do
+      cache key: 'inherited_role', only: [:name, :special_attribute]
+      attribute :special_attribute
+    end
+
+    setup do
+      cache_store.clear
+      @comment        = Comment.new(id: 1, body: 'ZOMG A COMMENT')
+      @post           = Post.new(title: 'New Post', body: 'Body')
+      @bio            = Bio.new(id: 1, content: 'AMS Contributor')
+      @author         = Author.new(name: 'Joao M. D. Moura')
+      @blog           = Blog.new(id: 999, name: 'Custom blog', writer: @author, articles: [])
+      @role           = Role.new(name: 'Great Author')
+      @location       = Location.new(lat: '-23.550520', lng: '-46.633309')
+      @place          = Place.new(name: 'Amazing Place')
+      @author.posts   = [@post]
+      @author.roles   = [@role]
+      @role.author    = @author
+      @author.bio     = @bio
+      @bio.author     = @author
+      @post.comments  = [@comment]
+      @post.author    = @author
+      @comment.post   = @post
+      @comment.author = @author
+      @post.blog      = @blog
+      @location.place = @place
+
+      @location_serializer = LocationSerializer.new(@location)
+      @bio_serializer      = BioSerializer.new(@bio)
+      @role_serializer     = RoleSerializer.new(@role)
+      @post_serializer     = PostSerializer.new(@post)
+      @author_serializer   = AuthorSerializer.new(@author)
+      @comment_serializer  = CommentSerializer.new(@comment)
+      @blog_serializer     = BlogSerializer.new(@blog)
+    end
+
+    def test_explicit_cache_store
+      default_store = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer) do
+        cache
+      end
+      explicit_store = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer) do
+        cache cache_store: ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore
+      end
+
+      assert ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore, ActiveModelSerializers.config.cache_store
+      assert ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore, default_store.cache_store
+      assert ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore, explicit_store.cache_store
+    end
+
+    def test_inherited_cache_configuration
+      inherited_serializer = Class.new(PostSerializer)
+
+      assert_equal PostSerializer._cache_key, inherited_serializer._cache_key
+      assert_equal PostSerializer._cache_options, inherited_serializer._cache_options
+    end
+
+    def test_override_cache_configuration
+      inherited_serializer = Class.new(PostSerializer) do
+        cache key: 'new-key'
+      end
+
+      assert_equal PostSerializer._cache_key, 'post'
+      assert_equal inherited_serializer._cache_key, 'new-key'
+    end
+
+    def test_cache_definition
+      assert_equal(cache_store, @post_serializer.class._cache)
+      assert_equal(cache_store, @author_serializer.class._cache)
+      assert_equal(cache_store, @comment_serializer.class._cache)
+    end
+
+    def test_cache_key_definition
+      assert_equal('post', @post_serializer.class._cache_key)
+      assert_equal('writer', @author_serializer.class._cache_key)
+      assert_equal(nil, @comment_serializer.class._cache_key)
+    end
+
+    def test_cache_key_interpolation_with_updated_at_when_cache_key_is_not_defined_on_object
+      uncached_author            = UncachedAuthor.new(name: 'Joao M. D. Moura')
+      uncached_author_serializer = AuthorSerializer.new(uncached_author)
+
+      render_object_with_cache(uncached_author)
+      key = "#{uncached_author_serializer.class._cache_key}/#{uncached_author_serializer.object.id}-#{uncached_author_serializer.object.updated_at.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S%9N")}"
+      key = "#{key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+      assert_equal(uncached_author_serializer.attributes.to_json, cache_store.fetch(key).to_json)
+    end
+
+    def test_default_cache_key_fallback
+      render_object_with_cache(@comment)
+      key = "#{@comment.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+      assert_equal(@comment_serializer.attributes.to_json, cache_store.fetch(key).to_json)
+    end
+
+    def test_error_is_raised_if_cache_key_is_not_defined_on_object_or_passed_as_cache_option
+      article = Article.new(title: 'Must Read')
+      e = assert_raises ActiveModel::Serializer::UndefinedCacheKey do
+        render_object_with_cache(article)
+      end
+      assert_match(/ActiveModelSerializers::CacheTest::Article must define #cache_key, or the 'key:' option must be passed into 'CachedActiveModelSerializers_CacheTest_ArticleSerializer.cache'/, e.message)
+    end
+
+    def test_cache_options_definition
+      assert_equal({ expires_in: 0.1, skip_digest: true }, @post_serializer.class._cache_options)
+      assert_equal(nil, @blog_serializer.class._cache_options)
+      assert_equal({ expires_in: 1.day, skip_digest: true }, @comment_serializer.class._cache_options)
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cache_definition
+      assert_equal([:name], @role_serializer.class._cache_only)
+      assert_equal([:content], @bio_serializer.class._cache_except)
+    end
+
+    def test_associations_separately_cache
+      cache_store.clear
+      assert_equal(nil, cache_store.fetch(@post.cache_key))
+      assert_equal(nil, cache_store.fetch(@comment.cache_key))
+
+      Timecop.freeze(Time.current) do
+        render_object_with_cache(@post)
+
+        key = "#{@post.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(@post_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+        key = "#{@comment.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(@comment_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_associations_cache_when_updated
+      Timecop.freeze(Time.current) do
+        # Generate a new Cache of Post object and each objects related to it.
+        render_object_with_cache(@post)
+
+        # Check if it cached the objects separately
+        key = "#{@post.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(@post_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+        key = "#{@comment.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(@comment_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+
+        # Simulating update on comments relationship with Post
+        new_comment            = Comment.new(id: 2567, body: 'ZOMG A NEW COMMENT')
+        new_comment_serializer = CommentSerializer.new(new_comment)
+        @post.comments         = [new_comment]
+
+        # Ask for the serialized object
+        render_object_with_cache(@post)
+
+        # Check if the the new comment was cached
+        key = "#{new_comment.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(new_comment_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+        key = "#{@post.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+        assert_equal(@post_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_fetch_with_virtual_associations
+      expected_result = {
+        id: @location.id,
+        lat: @location.lat,
+        lng: @location.lng,
+        place: 'Nowhere'
+      }
+
+      hash = render_object_with_cache(@location)
+
+      assert_equal(hash, expected_result)
+      key = "#{@location.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}"
+      assert_equal({ place: 'Nowhere' }, cache_store.fetch(key))
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cache_with_inheritance
+      inherited = render_object_with_cache(@role, serializer: InheritedRoleSerializer)
+      base = render_object_with_cache(@role)
+
+      assert_includes(inherited.keys, :special_attribute)
+      refute_includes(base.keys, :special_attribute)
+    end
+
+    def test_uses_adapter_in_cache_key
+      render_object_with_cache(@post)
+      key = "#{@post.cache_key}/#{adapter.class.to_s.demodulize.underscore}"
+      assert_equal(@post_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+    end
+
+    # Based on original failing test by @kevintyll
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+    def test_a_serializer_rendered_by_two_adapter_returns_differently_cached_attributes
+      Object.const_set(:Alert, Class.new(ActiveModelSerializers::Model) do
+        attr_accessor :id, :status, :resource, :started_at, :ended_at, :updated_at, :created_at
+      end)
+      Object.const_set(:UncachedAlertSerializer, Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer) do
+        attributes :id, :status, :resource, :started_at, :ended_at, :updated_at, :created_at
+      end)
+      Object.const_set(:AlertSerializer, Class.new(UncachedAlertSerializer) do
+        cache
+      end)
+
+      alert = Alert.new(
+        id: 1,
+        status: 'fail',
+        resource: 'resource-1',
+        started_at: Time.new(2016, 3, 31, 21, 36, 35, 0),
+        ended_at: nil,
+        updated_at: Time.new(2016, 3, 31, 21, 27, 35, 0),
+        created_at: Time.new(2016, 3, 31, 21, 37, 35, 0)
+      )
+
+      expected_cached_attributes = {
+        id: 1,
+        status: 'fail',
+        resource: 'resource-1',
+        started_at: alert.started_at,
+        ended_at: nil,
+        updated_at: alert.updated_at,
+        created_at: alert.created_at
+      }
+      expected_cached_jsonapi_attributes = {
+        id: '1',
+        type: 'alerts',
+        attributes: {
+          status: 'fail',
+          resource: 'resource-1',
+          started_at: alert.started_at,
+          ended_at: nil,
+          updated_at: alert.updated_at,
+          created_at: alert.created_at
+        }
+      }
+
+      # Assert attributes are serialized correctly
+      serializable_alert = serializable(alert, serializer: AlertSerializer, adapter: :attributes)
+      attributes_serialization = serializable_alert.as_json
+      assert_equal expected_cached_attributes, alert.attributes
+      assert_equal alert.attributes, attributes_serialization
+      attributes_cache_key = serializable_alert.adapter.serializer.cache_key(serializable_alert.adapter)
+      assert_equal attributes_serialization, cache_store.fetch(attributes_cache_key)
+
+      serializable_alert = serializable(alert, serializer: AlertSerializer, adapter: :json_api)
+      jsonapi_cache_key = serializable_alert.adapter.serializer.cache_key(serializable_alert.adapter)
+      # Assert cache keys differ
+      refute_equal attributes_cache_key, jsonapi_cache_key
+      # Assert (cached) serializations differ
+      jsonapi_serialization = serializable_alert.as_json
+      assert_equal alert.status, jsonapi_serialization.fetch(:data).fetch(:attributes).fetch(:status)
+      serializable_alert = serializable(alert, serializer: UncachedAlertSerializer, adapter: :json_api)
+      assert_equal serializable_alert.as_json, jsonapi_serialization
+
+      cached_serialization = cache_store.fetch(jsonapi_cache_key)
+      assert_equal expected_cached_jsonapi_attributes, cached_serialization
+    ensure
+      Object.send(:remove_const, :Alert)
+      Object.send(:remove_const, :AlertSerializer)
+      Object.send(:remove_const, :UncachedAlertSerializer)
+    end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
+
+    def test_uses_file_digest_in_cache_key
+      render_object_with_cache(@blog)
+      key = "#{@blog.cache_key}/#{adapter.cached_name}/#{::Model::FILE_DIGEST}"
+      assert_equal(@blog_serializer.attributes, cache_store.fetch(key))
+    end
+
+    def test_cache_digest_definition
+      assert_equal(::Model::FILE_DIGEST, @post_serializer.class._cache_digest)
+    end
+
+    def test_object_cache_keys
+      serializable = ActiveModelSerializers::SerializableResource.new([@comment, @comment])
+      include_tree = ActiveModel::Serializer::IncludeTree.from_include_args('*')
+
+      actual = ActiveModel::Serializer.object_cache_keys(serializable.adapter.serializer, serializable.adapter, include_tree)
+
+      assert_equal 3, actual.size
+      assert actual.any? { |key| key == "comment/1/#{serializable.adapter.cached_name}" }
+      assert actual.any? { |key| key =~ %r{post/post-\d+} }
+      assert actual.any? { |key| key =~ %r{author/author-\d+} }
+    end
+
+    def test_cached_attributes
+      serializer = ActiveModel::Serializer::CollectionSerializer.new([@comment, @comment])
+
+      Timecop.freeze(Time.current) do
+        render_object_with_cache(@comment)
+
+        attributes = Adapter::Attributes.new(serializer)
+        attributes.send(:cache_attributes)
+        cached_attributes = attributes.instance_variable_get(:@cached_attributes)
+
+        assert_equal cached_attributes["#{@comment.cache_key}/#{attributes.cached_name}"], Comment.new(id: 1, body: 'ZOMG A COMMENT').attributes
+        assert_equal cached_attributes["#{@comment.post.cache_key}/#{attributes.cached_name}"], Post.new(id: 'post', title: 'New Post', body: 'Body').attributes
+
+        writer = @comment.post.blog.writer
+        writer_cache_key = writer.cache_key
+
+        assert_equal cached_attributes["#{writer_cache_key}/#{attributes.cached_name}"], Author.new(id: 'author', name: 'Joao M. D. Moura').attributes
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_serializer_file_path_on_nix
+      path = '/Users/git/emberjs/ember-crm-backend/app/serializers/lead_serializer.rb'
+      caller_line = "#{path}:1:in `<top (required)>'"
+      assert_equal caller_line[ActiveModel::Serializer::CALLER_FILE], path
+    end
+
+    def test_serializer_file_path_on_windows
+      path = 'c:/git/emberjs/ember-crm-backend/app/serializers/lead_serializer.rb'
+      caller_line = "#{path}:1:in `<top (required)>'"
+      assert_equal caller_line[ActiveModel::Serializer::CALLER_FILE], path
+    end
+
+    def test_serializer_file_path_with_space
+      path = '/Users/git/ember js/ember-crm-backend/app/serializers/lead_serializer.rb'
+      caller_line = "#{path}:1:in `<top (required)>'"
+      assert_equal caller_line[ActiveModel::Serializer::CALLER_FILE], path
+    end
+
+    def test_serializer_file_path_with_submatch
+      # The submatch in the path ensures we're using a correctly greedy regexp.
+      path = '/Users/git/ember js/ember:123:in x/app/serializers/lead_serializer.rb'
+      caller_line = "#{path}:1:in `<top (required)>'"
+      assert_equal caller_line[ActiveModel::Serializer::CALLER_FILE], path
+    end
+
+    def test_digest_caller_file
+      contents = "puts 'AMS rocks'!"
+      dir = Dir.mktmpdir('space char')
+      file = Tempfile.new('some_ruby.rb', dir)
+      file.write(contents)
+      path = file.path
+      caller_line = "#{path}:1:in `<top (required)>'"
+      file.close
+      assert_equal ActiveModel::Serializer.digest_caller_file(caller_line), Digest::MD5.hexdigest(contents)
+    ensure
+      file.unlink
+      FileUtils.remove_entry dir
+    end
+
+    def test_warn_on_serializer_not_defined_in_file
+      called = false
+      serializer = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer)
+      assert_output(nil, /_cache_digest/) do
+        serializer.digest_caller_file('')
+        called = true
+      end
+      assert called
+    end
+
+    def test_cached_false_without_cache_store
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = nil
+      end
+      refute cached_serializer.class.cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_cached_true_with_cache_store_and_without_cache_only_and_cache_except
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+      end
+      assert cached_serializer.class.cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_cached_false_with_cache_store_and_with_cache_only
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+        serializer._cache_only = [:name]
+      end
+      refute cached_serializer.class.cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_cached_false_with_cache_store_and_with_cache_except
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+        serializer._cache_except = [:content]
+      end
+      refute cached_serializer.class.cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cached_false_without_cache_store
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = nil
+        serializer._cache_only = [:name]
+      end
+      refute cached_serializer.class.fragment_cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cached_true_with_cache_store_and_cache_only
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+        serializer._cache_only = [:name]
+      end
+      assert cached_serializer.class.fragment_cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cached_true_with_cache_store_and_cache_except
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+        serializer._cache_except = [:content]
+      end
+      assert cached_serializer.class.fragment_cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_cached_false_with_cache_store_and_cache_except_and_cache_only
+      cached_serializer = build_cached_serializer do |serializer|
+        serializer._cache = Object
+        serializer._cache_except = [:content]
+        serializer._cache_only = [:name]
+      end
+      refute cached_serializer.class.fragment_cache_enabled?
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_fetch_with_virtual_attributes
+      @author          = Author.new(name: 'Joao M. D. Moura')
+      @role            = Role.new(name: 'Great Author', description: nil)
+      @role.author     = [@author]
+      @role_serializer = RoleSerializer.new(@role)
+      @role_hash       = @role_serializer.fetch_fragment_cache(ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter.configured_adapter.new(@role_serializer))
+
+      expected_result = {
+        id: @role.id,
+        description: @role.description,
+        slug: "#{@role.name}-#{@role.id}",
+        name: @role.name
+      }
+      assert_equal(@role_hash, expected_result)
+    end
+
+    def test_fragment_fetch_with_namespaced_object
+      @spam            = Spam::UnrelatedLink.new(id: 'spam-id-1')
+      @spam_serializer = Spam::UnrelatedLinkSerializer.new(@spam)
+      @spam_hash       = @spam_serializer.fetch_fragment_cache(ActiveModelSerializers::Adapter.configured_adapter.new(@spam_serializer))
+      expected_result = {
+        id: @spam.id
+      }
+      assert_equal(@spam_hash, expected_result)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def cache_store
+      ActiveModelSerializers.config.cache_store
+    end
+
+    def build_cached_serializer
+      serializer = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer)
+      serializer._cache_key = nil
+      serializer._cache_options = nil
+      yield serializer if block_given?
+      serializer.new(Object)
+    end
+
+    def render_object_with_cache(obj, options = {})
+      @serializable_resource = serializable(obj, options)
+      @serializable_resource.serializable_hash
+    end
+
+    def adapter
+      @serializable_resource.adapter
+    end
+
+    def cached_serialization(serializer)
+      cache_key = serializer.cache_key(adapter)
+      cache_store.fetch(cache_key)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/test/collection_serializer_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+require 'test_helper'
+
+module ActiveModel
+  class Serializer
+    class CollectionSerializerTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      MessagesSerializer = Class.new(ActiveModel::Serializer) do
+        type 'messages'
+      end
+
+      def setup
+        @comment = Comment.new
+        @post = Post.new
+        @resource = build_named_collection @comment, @post
+        @serializer = collection_serializer.new(@resource, { some: :options })
+      end
+
+      def collection_serializer
+        CollectionSerializer
+      end
+
+      def build_named_collection(*resource)
+        resource.define_singleton_method(:name) { 'MeResource' }
+        resource
+      end
+
+      def test_has_object_reader_serializer_interface
+        assert_equal @serializer.object, @resource
+      end
+
+      def test_respond_to_each
+        assert_respond_to @serializer, :each
+      end
+
+      def test_each_object_should_be_serialized_with_appropriate_serializer
+        serializers =  @serializer.to_a
+
+        assert_kind_of CommentSerializer, serializers.first
+        assert_kind_of Comment, serializers.first.object
+
+        assert_kind_of PostSerializer, serializers.last
+        assert_kind_of Post, serializers.last.object
+
+        assert_equal :options, serializers.last.custom_options[:some]
+      end
+
+      def test_serializer_option_not_passed_to_each_serializer
+        serializers = collection_serializer.new([@post], { serializer: PostSerializer }).to_a
+
+        refute serializers.first.custom_options.key?(:serializer)
+      end
+
+      def test_root_default
+        @serializer = collection_serializer.new([@comment, @post])
+        assert_nil @serializer.root
+      end
+
+      def test_root
+        expected =  'custom_root'
+        @serializer = collection_serializer.new([@comment, @post], root: expected)
+        assert_equal expected, @serializer.root
+      end
+
+      def test_root_with_no_serializers
+        expected =  'custom_root'
+        @serializer = collection_serializer.new([], root: expected)
+        assert_equal expected, @serializer.root
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_resource_with_serializer
+        singular_key = @serializer.send(:serializers).first.json_key
+        assert_equal singular_key.pluralize, @serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_resource_with_name_and_no_serializers
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new(build_named_collection)
+        assert_equal 'me_resources', serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_resource_with_nil_name_and_no_serializers
+        resource = []
+        resource.define_singleton_method(:name) { nil }
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new(resource)
+        assert_nil serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_resource_without_name_and_no_serializers
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new([])
+        assert_nil serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_empty_resources_with_serializer
+        resource = []
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new(resource, serializer: MessagesSerializer)
+        assert_equal 'messages', serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_root
+        expected = 'custom_root'
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new(@resource, root: expected)
+        assert_equal expected, serializer.json_key
+      end
+
+      def test_json_key_with_root_and_no_serializers
+        expected = 'custom_root'
+        serializer = collection_serializer.new(build_named_collection, root: expected)
+        assert_equal expected, serializer.json_key
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/test/fixtures/active_record.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+require 'active_record'
+
+ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(adapter: 'sqlite3', database: ':memory:')
+ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
+  self.verbose = false
+  create_table :posts, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :title
+    t.text :body
+    t.references :author
+    t.timestamps null: false
+  end
+  create_table :authors, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :name
+    t.timestamps null: false
+  end
+  create_table :comments, force: true do |t|
+    t.text :contents
+    t.references :author
+    t.references :post
+    t.timestamp null: false
+  end
+  create_table :employees, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :name
+    t.string :email
+    t.timestamp null: false
+  end
+  create_table :object_tags, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :poly_tag_id
+    t.string :taggable_type
+    t.string :taggable_id
+    t.timestamp null: false
+  end
+  create_table :poly_tags, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :phrase
+    t.timestamp null: false
+  end
+  create_table :pictures, force: true do |t|
+    t.string :title
+    t.string :imageable_type
+    t.string :imageable_id
+    t.timestamp null: false
+  end
+end
+
+module ARModels
+  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+    has_many :comments
+    belongs_to :author
+  end
+
+  class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+    belongs_to :post
+    belongs_to :author
+  end
+
+  class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
+    has_many :posts
+  end
+
+  class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
+    attributes :id, :title, :body
+
+    has_many :comments
+    belongs_to :author
+  end
+
+  class CommentSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
+    attributes :id, :contents
+
+    belongs_to :author
+  end
+
+  class AuthorSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
+    attributes :id, :name
+
+    has_many :posts
+  end
+end