actionpack 3.2.19 → 4.0.0

data/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ require 'action_view/helpers/date_helper'
 require 'action_view/helpers/tag_helper'
 require 'action_view/helpers/form_tag_helper'
 require 'action_view/helpers/active_model_helper'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
+require 'action_view/helpers/tags'
+require 'action_view/model_naming'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/method_names'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
 
 module ActionView
@@ -17,17 +16,28 @@ module ActionView
     # Form helpers are designed to make working with resources much easier
     # compared to using vanilla HTML.
     #
-    # Forms for models are created with +form_for+. That method yields a form
-    # builder that knows the model the form is about. The form builder is thus
-    # able to generate default values for input fields that correspond to model
-    # attributes, and also convenient names, IDs, endpoints, etc.
+    # Typically, a form designed to create or update a resource reflects the
+    # identity of the resource in several ways: (i) the url that the form is
+    # sent to (the form element's +action+ attribute) should result in a request
+    # being routed to the appropriate controller action (with the appropriate <tt>:id</tt>
+    # parameter in the case of an existing resource), (ii) input fields should
+    # be named in such a way that in the controller their values appear in the
+    # appropriate places within the +params+ hash, and (iii) for an existing record,
+    # when the form is initially displayed, input fields corresponding to attributes
+    # of the resource should show the current values of those attributes.
     #
-    # Conventions in the generated field names allow controllers to receive form
-    # data nicely structured in +params+ with no effort on your side.
+    # In Rails, this is usually achieved by creating the form using +form_for+ and
+    # a number of related helper methods. +form_for+ generates an appropriate <tt>form</tt>
+    # tag and yields a form builder object that knows the model the form is about.
+    # Input fields are created by calling methods defined on the form builder, which
+    # means they are able to generate the appropriate names and default values
+    # corresponding to the model attributes, as well as convenient IDs, etc.
+    # Conventions in the generated field names allow controllers to receive form data
+    # nicely structured in +params+ with no effort on your side.
     #
     # For example, to create a new person you typically set up a new instance of
     # +Person+ in the <tt>PeopleController#new</tt> action, <tt>@person</tt>, and
-    # pass it to +form_for+:
+    # in the view template pass that object to +form_for+:
     #
     #   <%= form_for @person do |f| %>
     #     <%= f.label :first_name %>:
@@ -46,10 +56,10 @@ module ActionView
     #       <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="NrOp5bsjoLRuK8IW5+dQEYjKGUJDe7TQoZVvq95Wteg=" />
     #     </div>
     #     <label for="person_first_name">First name</label>:
-    #     <input id="person_first_name" name="person[first_name]" size="30" type="text" /><br />
+    #     <input id="person_first_name" name="person[first_name]" type="text" /><br />
     #
     #     <label for="person_last_name">Last name</label>:
-    #     <input id="person_last_name" name="person[last_name]" size="30" type="text" /><br />
+    #     <input id="person_last_name" name="person[last_name]" type="text" /><br />
     #
     #     <input name="commit" type="submit" value="Create Person" />
     #   </form>
@@ -73,14 +83,14 @@ module ActionView
     #
     #   <form action="/people/256" class="edit_person" id="edit_person_256" method="post">
     #     <div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline">
-    #       <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="put" />
+    #       <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="patch" />
     #       <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="NrOp5bsjoLRuK8IW5+dQEYjKGUJDe7TQoZVvq95Wteg=" />
     #     </div>
     #     <label for="person_first_name">First name</label>:
-    #     <input id="person_first_name" name="person[first_name]" size="30" type="text" value="John" /><br />
+    #     <input id="person_first_name" name="person[first_name]" type="text" value="John" /><br />
     #
     #     <label for="person_last_name">Last name</label>:
-    #     <input id="person_last_name" name="person[last_name]" size="30" type="text" value="Smith" /><br />
+    #     <input id="person_last_name" name="person[last_name]" type="text" value="Smith" /><br />
     #
     #     <input name="commit" type="submit" value="Update Person" />
     #   </form>
@@ -90,9 +100,9 @@ module ActionView
     # and generate HTML accordingly.
     #
     # The controller would receive the form data again in <tt>params[:person]</tt>, ready to be
-    # passed to <tt>Person#update_attributes</tt>:
+    # passed to <tt>Person#update</tt>:
     #
-    #   if @person.update_attributes(params[:person])
+    #   if @person.update(params[:person])
     #     # success
     #   else
     #     # error handling
@@ -104,35 +114,16 @@ module ActionView
 
       include FormTagHelper
       include UrlHelper
+      include ModelNaming
 
-      # Converts the given object to an ActiveModel compliant one.
-      def convert_to_model(object)
-        object.respond_to?(:to_model) ? object.to_model : object
-      end
-
-      # Creates a form and a scope around a specific model object that is used
-      # as a base for questioning about values for the fields.
-      #
-      # Rails provides succinct resource-oriented form generation with +form_for+
-      # like this:
-      #
-      #   <%= form_for @offer do |f| %>
-      #     <%= f.label :version, 'Version' %>:
-      #     <%= f.text_field :version %><br />
-      #     <%= f.label :author, 'Author' %>:
-      #     <%= f.text_field :author %><br />
-      #     <%= f.submit %>
-      #   <% end %>
-      #
-      # There, +form_for+ is able to generate the rest of RESTful form
-      # parameters based on introspection on the record, but to understand what
-      # it does we need to dig first into the alternative generic usage it is
-      # based upon.
-      #
-      # === Generic form_for
+      # Creates a form that allows the user to create or update the attributes
+      # of a specific model object.
       #
-      # The generic way to call +form_for+ yields a form builder around a
-      # model:
+      # The method can be used in several slightly different ways, depending on
+      # how much you wish to rely on Rails to infer automatically from the model
+      # how the form should be constructed. For a generic model object, a form
+      # can be created by passing +form_for+ a string or symbol representing
+      # the object we are concerned with:
       #
       #   <%= form_for :person do |f| %>
       #     First name: <%= f.text_field :first_name %><br />
@@ -142,24 +133,39 @@ module ActionView
       #     <%= f.submit %>
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # There, the argument is a symbol or string with the name of the
-      # object the form is about.
-      #
-      # The form builder acts as a regular form helper that somehow carries the
-      # model. Thus, the idea is that
+      # The variable +f+ yielded to the block is a FormBuilder object that
+      # incorporates the knowledge about the model object represented by
+      # <tt>:person</tt> passed to +form_for+. Methods defined on the FormBuilder
+      # are used to generate fields bound to this model. Thus, for example,
       #
       #   <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
       #
-      # gets expanded to
+      # will get expanded to
       #
       #   <%= text_field :person, :first_name %>
+      # which results in an html <tt><input></tt> tag whose +name+ attribute is
+      # <tt>person[first_name]</tt>. This means that when the form is submitted,
+      # the value entered by the user will be available in the controller as
+      # <tt>params[:person][:first_name]</tt>.
+      #
+      # For fields generated in this way using the FormBuilder,
+      # if <tt>:person</tt> also happens to be the name of an instance variable
+      # <tt>@person</tt>, the default value of the field shown when the form is
+      # initially displayed (e.g. in the situation where you are editing an
+      # existing record) will be the value of the corresponding attribute of
+      # <tt>@person</tt>.
       #
       # The rightmost argument to +form_for+ is an
-      # optional hash of options:
-      #
-      # * <tt>:url</tt> - The URL the form is submitted to. It takes the same
-      #   fields you pass to +url_for+ or +link_to+. In particular you may pass
-      #   here a named route directly as well. Defaults to the current action.
+      # optional hash of options -
+      #
+      # * <tt>:url</tt> - The URL the form is to be submitted to. This may be
+      #   represented in the same way as values passed to +url_for+ or +link_to+.
+      #   So for example you may use a named route directly. When the model is
+      #   represented by a string or symbol, as in the example above, if the
+      #   <tt>:url</tt> option is not specified, by default the form will be
+      #   sent back to the current url (We will describe below an alternative
+      #   resource-oriented usage of +form_for+ in which the URL does not need
+      #   to be specified explicitly).
       # * <tt>:namespace</tt> - A namespace for your form to ensure uniqueness of
       #   id attributes on form elements. The namespace attribute will be prefixed
       #   with underscore on the generated HTML id.
@@ -169,11 +175,11 @@ module ActionView
       # possible to use both the stand-alone FormHelper methods and methods
       # from FormTagHelper. For example:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @person do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for :person do |f| %>
       #     First name: <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
       #     Last name : <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
       #     Biography : <%= text_area :person, :biography %>
-      #     Admin?    : <%= check_box_tag "person[admin]", @person.company.admin? %>
+      #     Admin?    : <%= check_box_tag "person[admin]", "1", @person.company.admin? %>
       #     <%= f.submit %>
       #   <% end %>
       #
@@ -181,53 +187,85 @@ module ActionView
       # are designed to work with an object as base, like
       # FormOptionHelper#collection_select and DateHelper#datetime_select.
       #
-      # === Resource-oriented style
-      #
-      # As we said above, in addition to manually configuring the +form_for+
-      # call, you can rely on automated resource identification, which will use
-      # the conventions and named routes of that approach. This is the
-      # preferred way to use +form_for+ nowadays.
+      # === #form_for with a model object
       #
-      # For example, if <tt>@post</tt> is an existing record you want to edit
+      # In the examples above, the object to be created or edited was
+      # represented by a symbol passed to +form_for+, and we noted that
+      # a string can also be used equivalently. It is also possible, however,
+      # to pass a model object itself to +form_for+. For example, if <tt>@post</tt>
+      # is an existing record you wish to edit, you can create the form using
       #
       #   <%= form_for @post do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # is equivalent to something like:
+      # This behaves in almost the same way as outlined previously, with a
+      # couple of small exceptions. First, the prefix used to name the input
+      # elements within the form (hence the key that denotes them in the +params+
+      # hash) is actually derived from the object's _class_, e.g. <tt>params[:post]</tt>
+      # if the object's class is +Post+. However, this can be overwritten using
+      # the <tt>:as</tt> option, e.g. -
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @post, :as => :post, :url => post_path(@post), :method => :put, :html => { :class => "edit_post", :id => "edit_post_45" } do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for(@person, as: :client) do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # And for new records
+      # would result in <tt>params[:client]</tt>.
       #
-      #   <%= form_for(Post.new) do |f| %>
+      # Secondly, the field values shown when the form is initially displayed
+      # are taken from the attributes of the object passed to +form_for+,
+      # regardless of whether the object is an instance
+      # variable. So, for example, if we had a _local_ variable +post+
+      # representing an existing record,
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for post do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # is equivalent to something like:
+      # would produce a form with fields whose initial state reflect the current
+      # values of the attributes of +post+.
+      #
+      # === Resource-oriented style
+      #
+      # In the examples just shown, although not indicated explicitly, we still
+      # need to use the <tt>:url</tt> option in order to specify where the
+      # form is going to be sent. However, further simplification is possible
+      # if the record passed to +form_for+ is a _resource_, i.e. it corresponds
+      # to a set of RESTful routes, e.g. defined using the +resources+ method
+      # in <tt>config/routes.rb</tt>. In this case Rails will simply infer the
+      # appropriate URL from the record itself. For example,
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @post, :as => :post, :url => posts_path, :html => { :class => "new_post", :id => "new_post" } do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for @post do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # You can also overwrite the individual conventions, like this:
+      # is then equivalent to something like:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for(@post, :url => super_posts_path) do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for @post, as: :post, url: post_path(@post), method: :patch, html: { class: "edit_post", id: "edit_post_45" } do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # You can also set the answer format, like this:
+      # And for a new record
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for(Post.new) do |f| %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # is equivalent to something like:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @post, as: :post, url: posts_path, html: { class: "new_post", id: "new_post" } do |f| %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # However you can still overwrite individual conventions, such as:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for(@post, :format => :json) do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for(@post, url: super_posts_path) do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # If you have an object that needs to be represented as a different
-      # parameter, like a Person that acts as a Client:
+      # You can also set the answer format, like this:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for(@person, :as => :client) do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for(@post, format: :json) do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
@@ -251,17 +289,17 @@ module ActionView
       #
       # You can force the form to use the full array of HTTP verbs by setting
       #
-      #    :method => (:get|:post|:put|:delete)
+      #    method: (:get|:post|:patch|:put|:delete)
       #
-      # in the options hash. If the verb is not GET or POST, which are natively supported by HTML forms, the
-      # form will be set to POST and a hidden input called _method will carry the intended verb for the server
-      # to interpret.
+      # in the options hash. If the verb is not GET or POST, which are natively
+      # supported by HTML forms, the form will be set to POST and a hidden input
+      # called _method will carry the intended verb for the server to interpret.
       #
       # === Unobtrusive JavaScript
       #
       # Specifying:
       #
-      #    :remote => true
+      #    remote: true
       #
       # in the options hash creates a form that will allow the unobtrusive JavaScript drivers to modify its
       # behavior. The expected default behavior is an XMLHttpRequest in the background instead of the regular
@@ -271,7 +309,7 @@ module ActionView
       #
       # Example:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for(@post, :remote => true) do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for(@post, remote: true) do |f| %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
@@ -279,7 +317,25 @@ module ActionView
       #
       #   <form action='http://www.example.com' method='post' data-remote='true'>
       #     <div style='margin:0;padding:0;display:inline'>
-      #       <input name='_method' type='hidden' value='put' />
+      #       <input name='_method' type='hidden' value='patch' />
+      #     </div>
+      #     ...
+      #   </form>
+      #
+      # === Setting HTML options
+      #
+      # You can set data attributes directly by passing in a data hash, but all other HTML options must be wrapped in
+      # the HTML key. Example:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for(@post, data: { behavior: "autosave" }, html: { name: "go" }) do |f| %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # The HTML generated for this would be:
+      #
+      #   <form action='http://www.example.com' method='post' data-behavior='autosave' name='go'>
+      #     <div style='margin:0;padding:0;display:inline'>
+      #       <input name='_method' type='hidden' value='patch' />
       #     </div>
       #     ...
       #   </form>
@@ -297,7 +353,7 @@ module ActionView
       # Example:
       #
       #   <%= form_for(@post) do |f| %>
-      #     <% f.fields_for(:comments, :include_id => false) do |cf| %>
+      #     <%= f.fields_for(:comments, include_id: false) do |cf| %>
       #       ...
       #     <% end %>
       #   <% end %>
@@ -309,7 +365,7 @@ module ActionView
       # custom builder. For example, let's say you made a helper to
       # automatically add labels to form inputs.
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @person, :url => { :action => "create" }, :builder => LabellingFormBuilder do |f| %>
+      #   <%= form_for @person, url: { action: "create" }, builder: LabellingFormBuilder do |f| %>
       #     <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
       #     <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
       #     <%= f.text_area :biography %>
@@ -333,7 +389,7 @@ module ActionView
       #
       #   def labelled_form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &block)
       #     options = args.extract_options!
-      #     form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *(args << options.merge(:builder => LabellingFormBuilder)), &block)
+      #     form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *(args << options.merge(builder: LabellingFormBuilder)), &block)
       #   end
       #
       # If you don't need to attach a form to a model instance, then check out
@@ -346,19 +402,18 @@ module ActionView
       #
       # To set an authenticity token you need to pass an <tt>:authenticity_token</tt> parameter
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @invoice, :url => external_url, :authenticity_token => 'external_token' do |f|
+      #   <%= form_for @invoice, url: external_url, authenticity_token: 'external_token' do |f|
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
       # If you don't want to an authenticity token field be rendered at all just pass <tt>false</tt>:
       #
-      #   <%= form_for @invoice, :url => external_url, :authenticity_token => false do |f|
+      #   <%= form_for @invoice, url: external_url, authenticity_token: false do |f|
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       def form_for(record, options = {}, &block)
         raise ArgumentError, "Missing block" unless block_given?
-
-        options[:html] ||= {}
+        html_options = options[:html] ||= {}
 
         case record
         when String, Symbol
@@ -366,33 +421,35 @@ module ActionView
           object      = nil
         else
           object      = record.is_a?(Array) ? record.last : record
-          object_name = options[:as] || ActiveModel::Naming.param_key(object)
-          apply_form_for_options!(record, options)
+          raise ArgumentError, "First argument in form cannot contain nil or be empty" unless object
+          object_name = options[:as] || model_name_from_record_or_class(object).param_key
+          apply_form_for_options!(record, object, options)
         end
 
-        options[:html][:remote] = options.delete(:remote) if options.has_key?(:remote)
-        options[:html][:method] = options.delete(:method) if options.has_key?(:method)
-        options[:html][:authenticity_token] = options.delete(:authenticity_token)
+        html_options[:data]   = options.delete(:data)   if options.has_key?(:data)
+        html_options[:remote] = options.delete(:remote) if options.has_key?(:remote)
+        html_options[:method] = options.delete(:method) if options.has_key?(:method)
+        html_options[:authenticity_token] = options.delete(:authenticity_token)
 
-        builder = options[:parent_builder] = instantiate_builder(object_name, object, options, &block)
+        builder = instantiate_builder(object_name, object, options)
         output  = capture(builder, &block)
-        default_options = builder.multipart? ? { :multipart => true } : {}
-        form_tag(options.delete(:url) || {}, default_options.merge!(options.delete(:html))) { output }
+        html_options[:multipart] ||= builder.multipart?
+
+        form_tag(options[:url] || {}, html_options) { output }
       end
 
-      def apply_form_for_options!(object_or_array, options) #:nodoc:
-        object = object_or_array.is_a?(Array) ? object_or_array.last : object_or_array
+      def apply_form_for_options!(record, object, options) #:nodoc:
         object = convert_to_model(object)
 
         as = options[:as]
-        action, method = object.respond_to?(:persisted?) && object.persisted? ? [:edit, :put] : [:new, :post]
+        action, method = object.respond_to?(:persisted?) && object.persisted? ? [:edit, :patch] : [:new, :post]
         options[:html].reverse_merge!(
-          :class  => as ? "#{action}_#{as}" : dom_class(object, action),
-          :id     => as ? "#{action}_#{as}" : [options[:namespace], dom_id(object, action)].compact.join("_").presence,
-          :method => method
+          class:  as ? "#{action}_#{as}" : dom_class(object, action),
+          id:     as ? "#{action}_#{as}" : [options[:namespace], dom_id(object, action)].compact.join("_").presence,
+          method: method
         )
 
-        options[:url] ||= polymorphic_path(object_or_array, :format => options.delete(:format))
+        options[:url] ||= polymorphic_path(record, format: options.delete(:format))
       end
       private :apply_form_for_options!
 
@@ -400,32 +457,59 @@ module ActionView
       # doesn't create the form tags themselves. This makes fields_for suitable
       # for specifying additional model objects in the same form.
       #
-      # === Generic Examples
+      # Although the usage and purpose of +field_for+ is similar to +form_for+'s,
+      # its method signature is slightly different. Like +form_for+, it yields
+      # a FormBuilder object associated with a particular model object to a block,
+      # and within the block allows methods to be called on the builder to
+      # generate fields associated with the model object. Fields may reflect
+      # a model object in two ways - how they are named (hence how submitted
+      # values appear within the +params+ hash in the controller) and what
+      # default values are shown when the form the fields appear in is first
+      # displayed. In order for both of these features to be specified independently,
+      # both an object name (represented by either a symbol or string) and the
+      # object itself can be passed to the method separately -
       #
       #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
       #     First name: <%= person_form.text_field :first_name %>
       #     Last name : <%= person_form.text_field :last_name %>
       #
-      #     <%= fields_for @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
+      #     <%= fields_for :permission, @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
       #       Admin?  : <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
       #     <% end %>
       #
       #     <%= f.submit %>
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # ...or if you have an object that needs to be represented as a different
-      # parameter, like a Client that acts as a Person:
+      # In this case, the checkbox field will be represented by an HTML +input+
+      # tag with the +name+ attribute <tt>permission[admin]</tt>, and the submitted
+      # value will appear in the controller as <tt>params[:permission][:admin]</tt>.
+      # If <tt>@person.permission</tt> is an existing record with an attribute
+      # +admin+, the initial state of the checkbox when first displayed will
+      # reflect the value of <tt>@person.permission.admin</tt>.
+      #
+      # Often this can be simplified by passing just the name of the model
+      # object to +fields_for+ -
       #
-      #   <%= fields_for :person, @client do |permission_fields| %>
+      #   <%= fields_for :permission do |permission_fields| %>
       #     Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # ...or if you don't have an object, just a name of the parameter:
+      # ...in which case, if <tt>:permission</tt> also happens to be the name of an
+      # instance variable <tt>@permission</tt>, the initial state of the input
+      # field will reflect the value of that variable's attribute <tt>@permission.admin</tt>.
       #
-      #   <%= fields_for :person do |permission_fields| %>
+      # Alternatively, you can pass just the model object itself (if the first
+      # argument isn't a string or symbol +fields_for+ will realize that the
+      # name has been omitted) -
+      #
+      #   <%= fields_for @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
       #     Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
       #   <% end %>
       #
+      # and +fields_for+ will derive the required name of the field from the
+      # _class_ of the model object, e.g. if <tt>@person.permission</tt>, is
+      # of class +Permission+, the field will still be named <tt>permission[admin]</tt>.
+      #
       # Note: This also works for the methods in FormOptionHelper and
       # DateHelper that are designed to work with an object as base, like
       # FormOptionHelper#collection_select and DateHelper#datetime_select.
@@ -489,7 +573,7 @@ module ActionView
       #
       #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
       #     has_one :address
-      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :address, :allow_destroy => true
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :address, allow_destroy: true
       #   end
       #
       # Now, when you use a form element with the <tt>_destroy</tt> parameter,
@@ -571,21 +655,13 @@ module ActionView
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
       #
-      # When projects is already an association on Person you can use
-      # +accepts_nested_attributes_for+ to define the writer method for you:
-      #
-      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     has_many :projects
-      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects
-      #   end
-      #
       # If you want to destroy any of the associated models through the
       # form, you have to enable it first using the <tt>:allow_destroy</tt>
       # option for +accepts_nested_attributes_for+:
       #
       #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
       #     has_many :projects
-      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects, :allow_destroy => true
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects, allow_destroy: true
       #   end
       #
       # This will allow you to specify which models to destroy in the
@@ -600,11 +676,27 @@ module ActionView
       #     <% end %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # When a collection is used you might want to know the index of each
+      # object into the array. For this purpose, the <tt>index</tt> method
+      # is available in the FormBuilder object.
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :projects do |project_fields| %>
+      #       Project #<%= project_fields.index %>
+      #       ...
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # Note that fields_for will automatically generate a hidden field
+      # to store the ID of the record. There are circumstances where this
+      # hidden field is not needed and you can pass <tt>hidden_field_id: false</tt>
+      # to prevent fields_for from rendering it automatically.
       def fields_for(record_name, record_object = nil, options = {}, &block)
-        builder = instantiate_builder(record_name, record_object, options, &block)
-        output = capture(builder, &block)
-        output.concat builder.hidden_field(:id) if output && options[:hidden_field_id] && !builder.emitted_hidden_id?
-        output
+        builder = instantiate_builder(record_name, record_object, options)
+        capture(builder, &block)
       end
 
       # Returns a label tag tailored for labelling an input field for a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
@@ -618,15 +710,15 @@ module ActionView
       #   label(:post, :title)
       #   # => <label for="post_title">Title</label>
       #
-      #   You can localize your labels based on model and attribute names.
-      #   For example you can define the following in your locale (e.g. en.yml)
+      # You can localize your labels based on model and attribute names.
+      # For example you can define the following in your locale (e.g. en.yml)
       #
       #   helpers:
       #     label:
       #       post:
       #         body: "Write your entire text here"
       #
-      #   Which then will result in
+      # Which then will result in
       #
       #   label(:post, :body)
       #   # => <label for="post_body">Write your entire text here</label>
@@ -645,27 +737,17 @@ module ActionView
       #   label(:post, :title, "A short title")
       #   # => <label for="post_title">A short title</label>
       #
-      #   label(:post, :title, "A short title", :class => "title_label")
+      #   label(:post, :title, "A short title", class: "title_label")
       #   # => <label for="post_title" class="title_label">A short title</label>
       #
-      #   label(:post, :privacy, "Public Post", :value => "public")
+      #   label(:post, :privacy, "Public Post", value: "public")
       #   # => <label for="post_privacy_public">Public Post</label>
       #
       #   label(:post, :terms) do
       #     'Accept <a href="/terms">Terms</a>.'.html_safe
       #   end
       def label(object_name, method, content_or_options = nil, options = nil, &block)
-        options ||= {}
-
-        content_is_options = content_or_options.is_a?(Hash)
-        if content_is_options || block_given?
-          options.merge!(content_or_options) if content_is_options
-          text = nil
-        else
-          text = content_or_options
-        end
-
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_label_tag(text, options, &block)
+        Tags::Label.new(object_name, method, self, content_or_options, options).render(&block)
       end
 
       # Returns an input tag of the "text" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
@@ -674,42 +756,40 @@ module ActionView
       # shown.
       #
       # ==== Examples
-      #   text_field(:post, :title, :size => 20)
+      #   text_field(:post, :title, size: 20)
       #   # => <input type="text" id="post_title" name="post[title]" size="20" value="#{@post.title}" />
       #
-      #   text_field(:post, :title, :class => "create_input")
+      #   text_field(:post, :title, class: "create_input")
       #   # => <input type="text" id="post_title" name="post[title]" value="#{@post.title}" class="create_input" />
       #
-      #   text_field(:session, :user, :onchange => "if $('session[user]').value == 'admin' { alert('Your login can not be admin!'); }")
-      #   # => <input type="text" id="session_user" name="session[user]" value="#{@session.user}" onchange = "if $('session[user]').value == 'admin' { alert('Your login can not be admin!'); }"/>
+      #   text_field(:session, :user, onchange: "if ($('#session_user').val() === 'admin') { alert('Your login can not be admin!'); }")
+      #   # => <input type="text" id="session_user" name="session[user]" value="#{@session.user}" onchange="if ($('#session_user').val() === 'admin') { alert('Your login can not be admin!'); }"/>
       #
-      #   text_field(:snippet, :code, :size => 20, :class => 'code_input')
+      #   text_field(:snippet, :code, size: 20, class: 'code_input')
       #   # => <input type="text" id="snippet_code" name="snippet[code]" size="20" value="#{@snippet.code}" class="code_input" />
-      #
       def text_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("text", options)
+        Tags::TextField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns an input tag of the "password" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
       # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
       # hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
-      # shown.
+      # shown. For security reasons this field is blank by default; pass in a value via +options+ if this is not desired.
       #
       # ==== Examples
-      #   password_field(:login, :pass, :size => 20)
+      #   password_field(:login, :pass, size: 20)
       #   # => <input type="password" id="login_pass" name="login[pass]" size="20" />
       #
-      #   password_field(:account, :secret, :class => "form_input", :value => @account.secret)
+      #   password_field(:account, :secret, class: "form_input", value: @account.secret)
       #   # => <input type="password" id="account_secret" name="account[secret]" value="#{@account.secret}" class="form_input" />
       #
-      #   password_field(:user, :password, :onchange => "if $('user[password]').length > 30 { alert('Your password needs to be shorter!'); }")
-      #   # => <input type="password" id="user_password" name="user[password]" onchange = "if $('user[password]').length > 30 { alert('Your password needs to be shorter!'); }"/>
+      #   password_field(:user, :password, onchange: "if ($('#user_password').val().length > 30) { alert('Your password needs to be shorter!'); }")
+      #   # => <input type="password" id="user_password" name="user[password]" onchange="if ($('#user_password').val().length > 30) { alert('Your password needs to be shorter!'); }"/>
       #
-      #   password_field(:account, :pin, :size => 20, :class => 'form_input')
+      #   password_field(:account, :pin, size: 20, class: 'form_input')
       #   # => <input type="password" id="account_pin" name="account[pin]" size="20" class="form_input" />
-      #
       def password_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("password", { :value => nil }.merge!(options))
+        Tags::PasswordField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a hidden input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
@@ -727,7 +807,7 @@ module ActionView
       #   hidden_field(:user, :token)
       #   # => <input type="hidden" id="user_token" name="user[token]" value="#{@user.token}" />
       def hidden_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("hidden", options)
+        Tags::HiddenField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a file upload input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
@@ -737,18 +817,29 @@ module ActionView
       #
       # Using this method inside a +form_for+ block will set the enclosing form's encoding to <tt>multipart/form-data</tt>.
       #
+      # ==== Options
+      # * Creates standard HTML attributes for the tag.
+      # * <tt>:disabled</tt> - If set to true, the user will not be able to use this input.
+      # * <tt>:multiple</tt> - If set to true, *in most updated browsers* the user will be allowed to select multiple files.
+      # * <tt>:accept</tt> - If set to one or multiple mime-types, the user will be suggested a filter when choosing a file. You still need to set up model validations.
+      #
       # ==== Examples
       #   file_field(:user, :avatar)
       #   # => <input type="file" id="user_avatar" name="user[avatar]" />
       #
-      #   file_field(:post, :attached, :accept => 'text/html')
+      #   file_field(:post, :image, :multiple => true)
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="post_image" name="post[image]" multiple="true" />
+      #
+      #   file_field(:post, :attached, accept: 'text/html')
       #   # => <input accept="text/html" type="file" id="post_attached" name="post[attached]" />
       #
-      #   file_field(:attachment, :file, :class => 'file_input')
-      #   # => <input type="file" id="attachment_file" name="attachment[file]" class="file_input" />
+      #   file_field(:post, :image, accept: 'image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg')
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="post_image" name="post[image]" accept="image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg" />
       #
+      #   file_field(:attachment, :file, class: 'file_input')
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="attachment_file" name="attachment[file]" class="file_input" />
       def file_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("file", options.update({:size => nil}))
+        Tags::FileField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a textarea opening and closing tag set tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+)
@@ -756,27 +847,27 @@ module ActionView
       # hash with +options+.
       #
       # ==== Examples
-      #   text_area(:post, :body, :cols => 20, :rows => 40)
+      #   text_area(:post, :body, cols: 20, rows: 40)
       #   # => <textarea cols="20" rows="40" id="post_body" name="post[body]">
       #   #      #{@post.body}
       #   #    </textarea>
       #
-      #   text_area(:comment, :text, :size => "20x30")
+      #   text_area(:comment, :text, size: "20x30")
       #   # => <textarea cols="20" rows="30" id="comment_text" name="comment[text]">
       #   #      #{@comment.text}
       #   #    </textarea>
       #
-      #   text_area(:application, :notes, :cols => 40, :rows => 15, :class => 'app_input')
+      #   text_area(:application, :notes, cols: 40, rows: 15, class: 'app_input')
       #   # => <textarea cols="40" rows="15" id="application_notes" name="application[notes]" class="app_input">
       #   #      #{@application.notes}
       #   #    </textarea>
       #
-      #   text_area(:entry, :body, :size => "20x20", :disabled => 'disabled')
+      #   text_area(:entry, :body, size: "20x20", disabled: 'disabled')
       #   # => <textarea cols="20" rows="20" id="entry_body" name="entry[body]" disabled="disabled">
       #   #      #{@entry.body}
       #   #    </textarea>
       def text_area(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_text_area_tag(options)
+        Tags::TextArea.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a checkbox tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
@@ -793,7 +884,7 @@ module ActionView
       # invoice the user unchecks its check box, no +paid+ parameter is sent. So,
       # any mass-assignment idiom like
       #
-      #   @invoice.update_attributes(params[:invoice])
+      #   @invoice.update(params[:invoice])
       #
       # wouldn't update the flag.
       #
@@ -810,7 +901,7 @@ module ActionView
       # Unfortunately that workaround does not work when the check box goes
       # within an array-like parameter, as in
       #
-      #   <%= fields_for "project[invoice_attributes][]", invoice, :index => nil do |form| %>
+      #   <%= fields_for "project[invoice_attributes][]", invoice, index: nil do |form| %>
       #     <%= form.check_box :paid %>
       #     ...
       #   <% end %>
@@ -822,33 +913,30 @@ module ActionView
       # In that case it is preferable to either use +check_box_tag+ or to use
       # hashes instead of arrays.
       #
-      # ==== Examples
       #   # Let's say that @post.validated? is 1:
       #   check_box("post", "validated")
       #   # => <input name="post[validated]" type="hidden" value="0" />
-      #   #    <input type="checkbox" id="post_validated" name="post[validated]" value="1" />
+      #   #    <input checked="checked" type="checkbox" id="post_validated" name="post[validated]" value="1" />
       #
       #   # Let's say that @puppy.gooddog is "no":
       #   check_box("puppy", "gooddog", {}, "yes", "no")
       #   # => <input name="puppy[gooddog]" type="hidden" value="no" />
       #   #    <input type="checkbox" id="puppy_gooddog" name="puppy[gooddog]" value="yes" />
       #
-      #   check_box("eula", "accepted", { :class => 'eula_check' }, "yes", "no")
+      #   check_box("eula", "accepted", { class: 'eula_check' }, "yes", "no")
       #   # => <input name="eula[accepted]" type="hidden" value="no" />
       #   #    <input type="checkbox" class="eula_check" id="eula_accepted" name="eula[accepted]" value="yes" />
-      #
       def check_box(object_name, method, options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_check_box_tag(options, checked_value, unchecked_value)
+        Tags::CheckBox.new(object_name, method, self, checked_value, unchecked_value, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a radio button tag for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
       # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). If the current value of +method+ is +tag_value+ the
       # radio button will be checked.
       #
-      # To force the radio button to be checked pass <tt>:checked => true</tt> in the
+      # To force the radio button to be checked pass <tt>checked: true</tt> in the
       # +options+ hash. You may pass HTML options there as well.
       #
-      # ==== Examples
       #   # Let's say that @post.category returns "rails":
       #   radio_button("post", "category", "rails")
       #   radio_button("post", "category", "java")
@@ -860,74 +948,170 @@ module ActionView
       #   # => <input type="radio" id="user_receive_newsletter_yes" name="user[receive_newsletter]" value="yes" />
       #   #    <input type="radio" id="user_receive_newsletter_no" name="user[receive_newsletter]" value="no" checked="checked" />
       def radio_button(object_name, method, tag_value, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_radio_button_tag(tag_value, options)
+        Tags::RadioButton.new(object_name, method, self, tag_value, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "color".
+      #
+      #   color_field("car", "color")
+      #   # => <input id="car_color" name="car[color]" type="color" value="#000000" />
+      def color_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::ColorField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns an input of type "search" for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
       # assigned to the template (identified by +object_name+). Inputs of type "search" may be styled differently by
       # some browsers.
       #
-      # ==== Examples
-      #
       #   search_field(:user, :name)
-      #   # => <input id="user_name" name="user[name]" size="30" type="search" />
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :autosave => false)
-      #   # => <input autosave="false" id="user_name" name="user[name]" size="30" type="search" />
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :results => 3)
-      #   # => <input id="user_name" name="user[name]" results="3" size="30" type="search" />
+      #   # => <input id="user_name" name="user[name]" type="search" />
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, autosave: false)
+      #   # => <input autosave="false" id="user_name" name="user[name]" type="search" />
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, results: 3)
+      #   # => <input id="user_name" name="user[name]" results="3" type="search" />
       #   #  Assume request.host returns "www.example.com"
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :autosave => true)
-      #   # => <input autosave="com.example.www" id="user_name" name="user[name]" results="10" size="30" type="search" />
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :onsearch => true)
-      #   # => <input id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" size="30" type="search" />
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :autosave => false, :onsearch => true)
-      #   # => <input autosave="false" id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" size="30" type="search" />
-      #   search_field(:user, :name, :autosave => true, :onsearch => true)
-      #   # => <input autosave="com.example.www" id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" results="10" size="30" type="search" />
-      #
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, autosave: true)
+      #   # => <input autosave="com.example.www" id="user_name" name="user[name]" results="10" type="search" />
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, onsearch: true)
+      #   # => <input id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" type="search" />
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, autosave: false, onsearch: true)
+      #   # => <input autosave="false" id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" type="search" />
+      #   search_field(:user, :name, autosave: true, onsearch: true)
+      #   # => <input autosave="com.example.www" id="user_name" incremental="true" name="user[name]" onsearch="true" results="10" type="search" />
       def search_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-
-        if options["autosave"]
-          if options["autosave"] == true
-            options["autosave"] = request.host.split(".").reverse.join(".")
-          end
-          options["results"] ||= 10
-        end
-
-        if options["onsearch"]
-          options["incremental"] = true unless options.has_key?("incremental")
-        end
-
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete("object")).to_input_field_tag("search", options)
+        Tags::SearchField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a text_field of type "tel".
       #
       #   telephone_field("user", "phone")
-      #   # => <input id="user_phone" name="user[phone]" size="30" type="tel" />
+      #   # => <input id="user_phone" name="user[phone]" type="tel" />
       #
       def telephone_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("tel", options)
+        Tags::TelField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
+      # aliases telephone_field
       alias phone_field telephone_field
 
+      # Returns a text_field of type "date".
+      #
+      #   date_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="date" />
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call "to_date"
+      # on the object's value, which makes it behave as expected for instances
+      # of DateTime and ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone. You can still override that
+      # by passing the "value" option explicitly, e.g.
+      #
+      #   @user.born_on = Date.new(1984, 1, 27)
+      #   date_field("user", "born_on", value: "1984-05-12")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="date" value="1984-05-12" />
+      #
+      def date_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::DateField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "time".
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call +strftime+ with "%T.%L"
+      # on the objects's value. It is still possible to override that
+      # by passing the "value" option.
+      #
+      # === Options
+      # * Accepts same options as time_field_tag
+      #
+      # === Example
+      #   time_field("task", "started_at")
+      #   # => <input id="task_started_at" name="task[started_at]" type="time" />
+      #
+      def time_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::TimeField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "datetime".
+      #
+      #   datetime_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="datetime" />
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call +strftime+ with "%Y-%m-%dT%T.%L%z"
+      # on the object's value, which makes it behave as expected for instances
+      # of DateTime and ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.
+      #
+      #   @user.born_on = Date.new(1984, 1, 12)
+      #   datetime_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="datetime" value="1984-01-12T00:00:00.000+0000" />
+      #
+      def datetime_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::DatetimeField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "datetime-local".
+      #
+      #   datetime_local_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="datetime-local" />
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call +strftime+ with "%Y-%m-%dT%T"
+      # on the object's value, which makes it behave as expected for instances
+      # of DateTime and ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.
+      #
+      #   @user.born_on = Date.new(1984, 1, 12)
+      #   datetime_local_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="datetime-local" value="1984-01-12T00:00:00" />
+      #
+      def datetime_local_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::DatetimeLocalField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "month".
+      #
+      #   month_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="month" />
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call +strftime+ with "%Y-%m"
+      # on the object's value, which makes it behave as expected for instances
+      # of DateTime and ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.
+      #
+      #   @user.born_on = Date.new(1984, 1, 27)
+      #   month_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="date" value="1984-01" />
+      #
+      def month_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::MonthField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
+      # Returns a text_field of type "week".
+      #
+      #   week_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="week" />
+      #
+      # The default value is generated by trying to call +strftime+ with "%Y-W%W"
+      # on the object's value, which makes it behave as expected for instances
+      # of DateTime and ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.
+      #
+      #   @user.born_on = Date.new(1984, 5, 12)
+      #   week_field("user", "born_on")
+      #   # => <input id="user_born_on" name="user[born_on]" type="date" value="1984-W19" />
+      #
+      def week_field(object_name, method, options = {})
+        Tags::WeekField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
+      end
+
       # Returns a text_field of type "url".
       #
       #   url_field("user", "homepage")
-      #   # => <input id="user_homepage" size="30" name="user[homepage]" type="url" />
+      #   # => <input id="user_homepage" name="user[homepage]" type="url" />
       #
       def url_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("url", options)
+        Tags::UrlField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns a text_field of type "email".
       #
       #   email_field("user", "address")
-      #   # => <input id="user_address" size="30" name="user[address]" type="email" />
+      #   # => <input id="user_address" name="user[address]" type="email" />
       #
       def email_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("email", options)
+        Tags::EmailField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns an input tag of type "number".
@@ -935,7 +1119,7 @@ module ActionView
       # ==== Options
       # * Accepts same options as number_field_tag
       def number_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_number_field_tag("number", options)
+        Tags::NumberField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       # Returns an input tag of type "range".
@@ -943,23 +1127,23 @@ module ActionView
       # ==== Options
       # * Accepts same options as range_field_tag
       def range_field(object_name, method, options = {})
-        InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_number_field_tag("range", options)
+        Tags::RangeField.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
       end
 
       private
 
-        def instantiate_builder(record_name, record_object, options, &block)
+        def instantiate_builder(record_name, record_object, options)
           case record_name
           when String, Symbol
             object = record_object
             object_name = record_name
           else
             object = record_name
-            object_name = ActiveModel::Naming.param_key(object)
+            object_name = model_name_from_record_or_class(object).param_key
           end
 
           builder = options[:builder] || default_form_builder
-          builder.new(object_name, object, self, options, block)
+          builder.new(object_name, object, self, options)
         end
 
         def default_form_builder
@@ -968,286 +1152,77 @@ module ActionView
         end
     end
 
-    class InstanceTag
-      include Helpers::ActiveModelInstanceTag, Helpers::TagHelper, Helpers::FormTagHelper
-
-      attr_reader :object, :method_name, :object_name
-
-      DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS     = { "size" => 30 }
-      DEFAULT_RADIO_OPTIONS     = { }
-      DEFAULT_TEXT_AREA_OPTIONS = { "cols" => 40, "rows" => 20 }
-
-      def initialize(object_name, method_name, template_object, object = nil)
-        @object_name, @method_name = object_name.to_s.dup, method_name.to_s.dup
-        @template_object = template_object
-
-        @object_name.sub!(/\[\]$/,"") || @object_name.sub!(/\[\]\]$/,"]")
-        @object = retrieve_object(object)
-        @auto_index = retrieve_autoindex(Regexp.last_match.pre_match) if Regexp.last_match
-      end
-
-      def to_label_tag(text = nil, options = {}, &block)
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-        tag_value = options.delete("value")
-        name_and_id = options.dup
-
-        if name_and_id["for"]
-          name_and_id["id"] = name_and_id["for"]
-        else
-          name_and_id.delete("id")
-        end
-
-        add_default_name_and_id_for_value(tag_value, name_and_id)
-        options.delete("index")
-        options.delete("namespace")
-        options["for"] ||= name_and_id["id"]
-
-        if block_given?
-          @template_object.label_tag(name_and_id["id"], options, &block)
-        else
-          content = if text.blank?
-            object_name.gsub!(/\[(.*)_attributes\]\[\d\]/, '.\1')
-            method_and_value = tag_value.present? ? "#{method_name}.#{tag_value}" : method_name
-
-            if object.respond_to?(:to_model)
-              key = object.class.model_name.i18n_key
-              i18n_default = ["#{key}.#{method_and_value}".to_sym, ""]
-            end
-
-            i18n_default ||= ""
-            I18n.t("#{object_name}.#{method_and_value}", :default => i18n_default, :scope => "helpers.label").presence
-          else
-            text.to_s
-          end
-
-          content ||= if object && object.class.respond_to?(:human_attribute_name)
-            object.class.human_attribute_name(method_name)
-          end
-
-          content ||= method_name.humanize
-
-          label_tag(name_and_id["id"], content, options)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def to_input_field_tag(field_type, options = {})
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-        options["size"] = options["maxlength"] || DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS["size"] unless options.key?("size")
-        options = DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS.merge(options)
-        if field_type == "hidden"
-          options.delete("size")
-        end
-        options["type"]  ||= field_type
-        options["value"] = options.fetch("value"){ value_before_type_cast(object) } unless field_type == "file"
-        options["value"] &&= ERB::Util.html_escape(options["value"])
-        add_default_name_and_id(options)
-        tag("input", options)
-      end
-
-      def to_number_field_tag(field_type, options = {})
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-        options['size'] ||= nil
-
-        if range = options.delete("in") || options.delete("within")
-          options.update("min" => range.min, "max" => range.max)
-        end
-        to_input_field_tag(field_type, options)
-      end
-
-      def to_radio_button_tag(tag_value, options = {})
-        options = DEFAULT_RADIO_OPTIONS.merge(options.stringify_keys)
-        options["type"]     = "radio"
-        options["value"]    = tag_value
-        if options.has_key?("checked")
-          cv = options.delete "checked"
-          checked = cv == true || cv == "checked"
-        else
-          checked = self.class.radio_button_checked?(value(object), tag_value)
-        end
-        options["checked"]  = "checked" if checked
-        add_default_name_and_id_for_value(tag_value, options)
-        tag("input", options)
-      end
-
-      def to_text_area_tag(options = {})
-        options = DEFAULT_TEXT_AREA_OPTIONS.merge(options.stringify_keys)
-        add_default_name_and_id(options)
-
-        if size = options.delete("size")
-          options["cols"], options["rows"] = size.split("x") if size.respond_to?(:split)
-        end
-
-        content_tag("textarea", options.delete('value') || value_before_type_cast(object), options)
-      end
-
-      def to_check_box_tag(options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-        options["type"]     = "checkbox"
-        options["value"]    = checked_value
-        if options.has_key?("checked")
-          cv = options.delete "checked"
-          checked = cv == true || cv == "checked"
-        else
-          checked = self.class.check_box_checked?(value(object), checked_value)
-        end
-        options["checked"] = "checked" if checked
-        if options["multiple"]
-          add_default_name_and_id_for_value(checked_value, options)
-          options.delete("multiple")
-        else
-          add_default_name_and_id(options)
-        end
-        hidden = unchecked_value ? tag("input", "name" => options["name"], "type" => "hidden", "value" => unchecked_value, "disabled" => options["disabled"]) : ""
-        checkbox = tag("input", options)
-        (hidden + checkbox).html_safe
-      end
-
-      def to_boolean_select_tag(options = {})
-        options = options.stringify_keys
-        add_default_name_and_id(options)
-        value = value(object)
-        tag_text = "<select"
-        tag_text << tag_options(options)
-        tag_text << "><option value=\"false\""
-        tag_text << " selected" if value == false
-        tag_text << ">False</option><option value=\"true\""
-        tag_text << " selected" if value
-        tag_text << ">True</option></select>"
-      end
-
-      def to_content_tag(tag_name, options = {})
-        content_tag(tag_name, value(object), options)
-      end
-
-      def retrieve_object(object)
-        if object
-          object
-        elsif @template_object.instance_variable_defined?("@#{@object_name}")
-          @template_object.instance_variable_get("@#{@object_name}")
-        end
-      rescue NameError
-        # As @object_name may contain the nested syntax (item[subobject]) we need to fallback to nil.
-        nil
-      end
-
-      def retrieve_autoindex(pre_match)
-        object = self.object || @template_object.instance_variable_get("@#{pre_match}")
-        if object && object.respond_to?(:to_param)
-          object.to_param
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "object[] naming but object param and @object var don't exist or don't respond to to_param: #{object.inspect}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      def value(object)
-        self.class.value(object, @method_name)
-      end
-
-      def value_before_type_cast(object)
-        self.class.value_before_type_cast(object, @method_name)
-      end
-
-      class << self
-        def value(object, method_name)
-          object.send method_name if object
-        end
-
-        def value_before_type_cast(object, method_name)
-          unless object.nil?
-            object.respond_to?(method_name + "_before_type_cast") ?
-            object.send(method_name + "_before_type_cast") :
-            object.send(method_name)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def check_box_checked?(value, checked_value)
-          case value
-          when TrueClass, FalseClass
-            value
-          when NilClass
-            false
-          when Integer
-            value != 0
-          when String
-            value == checked_value
-          when Array
-            value.include?(checked_value)
-          else
-            value.to_i != 0
-          end
-        end
-
-        def radio_button_checked?(value, checked_value)
-          value.to_s == checked_value.to_s
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-        def add_default_name_and_id_for_value(tag_value, options)
-          unless tag_value.nil?
-            pretty_tag_value = tag_value.to_s.gsub(/\s/, "_").gsub(/[^-\w]/, "").downcase
-            specified_id = options["id"]
-            add_default_name_and_id(options)
-            options["id"] += "_#{pretty_tag_value}" if specified_id.blank? && options["id"].present?
-          else
-            add_default_name_and_id(options)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def add_default_name_and_id(options)
-          if options.has_key?("index")
-            options["name"] ||= tag_name_with_index(options["index"], options["multiple"])
-            options["id"] = options.fetch("id"){ tag_id_with_index(options["index"]) }
-            options.delete("index")
-          elsif defined?(@auto_index)
-            options["name"] ||= tag_name_with_index(@auto_index, options["multiple"])
-            options["id"] = options.fetch("id"){ tag_id_with_index(@auto_index) }
-          else
-            options["name"] ||= tag_name(options["multiple"])
-            options["id"] = options.fetch("id"){ tag_id }
-          end
-
-          options["id"] = [options.delete('namespace'), options["id"]].compact.join("_").presence
-        end
-
-        def tag_name(multiple = false)
-          "#{@object_name}[#{sanitized_method_name}]#{"[]" if multiple}"
-        end
-
-        def tag_name_with_index(index, multiple = false)
-          "#{@object_name}[#{index}][#{sanitized_method_name}]#{"[]" if multiple}"
-        end
-
-        def tag_id
-          "#{sanitized_object_name}_#{sanitized_method_name}"
-        end
-
-        def tag_id_with_index(index)
-          "#{sanitized_object_name}_#{index}_#{sanitized_method_name}"
-        end
-
-        def sanitized_object_name
-          @sanitized_object_name ||= @object_name.gsub(/\]\[|[^-a-zA-Z0-9:.]/, "_").sub(/_$/, "")
-        end
-
-        def sanitized_method_name
-          @sanitized_method_name ||= @method_name.sub(/\?$/,"")
-        end
-    end
-
+    # A +FormBuilder+ object is associated with a particular model object and
+    # allows you to generate fields associated with the model object. The
+    # +FormBuilder+ object is yielded when using +form_for+ or +fields_for+.
+    # For example:
+    #
+    #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+    #     Name: <%= person_form.text_field :name %>
+    #     Admin: <%= person_form.check_box :admin %>
+    #   <% end %>
+    #
+    # In the above block, the a +FormBuilder+ object is yielded as the
+    # +person_form+ variable. This allows you to generate the +text_field+
+    # and +check_box+ fields by specifying their eponymous methods, which
+    # modify the underlying template and associates the +@person+ model object
+    # with the form.
+    #
+    # The +FormBuilder+ object can be thought of as serving as a proxy for the
+    # methods in the +FormHelper+ module. This class, however, allows you to
+    # call methods with the model object you are building the form for.
+    #
+    # You can create your own custom FormBuilder templates by subclasses this
+    # class. For example:
+    #
+    #   class MyFormBuilder < ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder
+    #     def div_radio_button(method, tag_value, options = {})
+    #       @template.content_tag(:div,
+    #         @template.radio_button(
+    #           @object_name, method, tag_value, objectify_options(options)
+    #         )
+    #       )
+    #     end
+    #
+    # The above code creates a new method +div_radio_button+ which wraps a div
+    # around the a new radio button. Note that when options are passed in, you
+    # must called +objectify_options+ in order for the model object to get
+    # correctly passed to the method. If +objectify_options+ is not called,
+    # then the newly created helper will not be linked back to the model.
+    #
+    # The +div_radio_button+ code from above can now be used as follows:
+    #
+    #   <%= form_for @person, :builder => MyFormBuilder do |f| %>
+    #     I am a child: <%= f.div_radio_button(:admin, "child") %>
+    #     I am an adult: <%= f.div_radio_button(:admin, "adult") %>
+    #   <% end -%>
+    #
+    # The standard set of helper methods for form building are located in the
+    # +field_helpers+ class attribute.
     class FormBuilder
+      include ModelNaming
+
       # The methods which wrap a form helper call.
       class_attribute :field_helpers
-      self.field_helpers = FormHelper.instance_method_names - %w(form_for convert_to_model)
+      self.field_helpers = [:fields_for, :label, :text_field, :password_field,
+                            :hidden_field, :file_field, :text_area, :check_box,
+                            :radio_button, :color_field, :search_field,
+                            :telephone_field, :phone_field, :date_field,
+                            :time_field, :datetime_field, :datetime_local_field,
+                            :month_field, :week_field, :url_field, :email_field,
+                            :number_field, :range_field]
 
       attr_accessor :object_name, :object, :options
 
-      attr_reader :multipart, :parent_builder
+      attr_reader :multipart, :index
       alias :multipart? :multipart
 
       def multipart=(multipart)
         @multipart = multipart
-        parent_builder.multipart = multipart if parent_builder
+
+        if parent_builder = @options[:parent_builder]
+          parent_builder.multipart = multipart
+        end
       end
 
       def self._to_partial_path
@@ -1262,10 +1237,13 @@ module ActionView
         self
       end
 
-      def initialize(object_name, object, template, options, proc)
+      def initialize(object_name, object, template, options, block=nil)
+        if block
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn "Giving a block to FormBuilder is deprecated and has no effect anymore."
+        end
+
         @nested_child_index = {}
-        @object_name, @object, @template, @options, @proc = object_name, object, template, options, proc
-        @parent_builder = options[:parent_builder]
+        @object_name, @object, @template, @options = object_name, object, template, options
         @default_options = @options ? @options.slice(:index, :namespace) : {}
         if @object_name.to_s.match(/\[\]$/)
           if object ||= @template.instance_variable_get("@#{Regexp.last_match.pre_match}") and object.respond_to?(:to_param)
@@ -1275,9 +1253,10 @@ module ActionView
           end
         end
         @multipart = nil
+        @index = options[:index] || options[:child_index]
       end
 
-      (field_helpers - %w(label check_box radio_button fields_for hidden_field file_field)).each do |selector|
+      (field_helpers - [:label, :check_box, :radio_button, :fields_for, :hidden_field, :file_field]).each do |selector|
         class_eval <<-RUBY_EVAL, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
           def #{selector}(method, options = {})  # def text_field(method, options = {})
             @template.send(                      #   @template.send(
@@ -1289,50 +1268,456 @@ module ActionView
         RUBY_EVAL
       end
 
-      def fields_for(record_name, record_object = nil, fields_options = {}, &block)
-        fields_options, record_object = record_object, nil if record_object.is_a?(Hash) && record_object.extractable_options?
-        fields_options[:builder] ||= options[:builder]
-        fields_options[:parent_builder] = self
-        fields_options[:namespace] = fields_options[:parent_builder].options[:namespace]
-
-        case record_name
-        when String, Symbol
-          if nested_attributes_association?(record_name)
-            return fields_for_with_nested_attributes(record_name, record_object, fields_options, block)
-          end
-        else
-          record_object = record_name.is_a?(Array) ? record_name.last : record_name
-          record_name   = ActiveModel::Naming.param_key(record_object)
-        end
-
+      # Creates a scope around a specific model object like form_for, but
+      # doesn't create the form tags themselves. This makes fields_for suitable
+      # for specifying additional model objects in the same form.
+      #
+      # Although the usage and purpose of +field_for+ is similar to +form_for+'s,
+      # its method signature is slightly different. Like +form_for+, it yields
+      # a FormBuilder object associated with a particular model object to a block,
+      # and within the block allows methods to be called on the builder to
+      # generate fields associated with the model object. Fields may reflect
+      # a model object in two ways - how they are named (hence how submitted
+      # values appear within the +params+ hash in the controller) and what
+      # default values are shown when the form the fields appear in is first
+      # displayed. In order for both of these features to be specified independently,
+      # both an object name (represented by either a symbol or string) and the
+      # object itself can be passed to the method separately -
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     First name: <%= person_form.text_field :first_name %>
+      #     Last name : <%= person_form.text_field :last_name %>
+      #
+      #     <%= fields_for :permission, @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
+      #       Admin?  : <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #
+      #     <%= person_form.submit %>
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # In this case, the checkbox field will be represented by an HTML +input+
+      # tag with the +name+ attribute <tt>permission[admin]</tt>, and the submitted
+      # value will appear in the controller as <tt>params[:permission][:admin]</tt>.
+      # If <tt>@person.permission</tt> is an existing record with an attribute
+      # +admin+, the initial state of the checkbox when first displayed will
+      # reflect the value of <tt>@person.permission.admin</tt>.
+      #
+      # Often this can be simplified by passing just the name of the model
+      # object to +fields_for+ -
+      #
+      #   <%= fields_for :permission do |permission_fields| %>
+      #     Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # ...in which case, if <tt>:permission</tt> also happens to be the name of an
+      # instance variable <tt>@permission</tt>, the initial state of the input
+      # field will reflect the value of that variable's attribute <tt>@permission.admin</tt>.
+      #
+      # Alternatively, you can pass just the model object itself (if the first
+      # argument isn't a string or symbol +fields_for+ will realize that the
+      # name has been omitted) -
+      #
+      #   <%= fields_for @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
+      #     Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # and +fields_for+ will derive the required name of the field from the
+      # _class_ of the model object, e.g. if <tt>@person.permission</tt>, is
+      # of class +Permission+, the field will still be named <tt>permission[admin]</tt>.
+      #
+      # Note: This also works for the methods in FormOptionHelper and
+      # DateHelper that are designed to work with an object as base, like
+      # FormOptionHelper#collection_select and DateHelper#datetime_select.
+      #
+      # === Nested Attributes Examples
+      #
+      # When the object belonging to the current scope has a nested attribute
+      # writer for a certain attribute, fields_for will yield a new scope
+      # for that attribute. This allows you to create forms that set or change
+      # the attributes of a parent object and its associations in one go.
+      #
+      # Nested attribute writers are normal setter methods named after an
+      # association. The most common way of defining these writers is either
+      # with +accepts_nested_attributes_for+ in a model definition or by
+      # defining a method with the proper name. For example: the attribute
+      # writer for the association <tt>:address</tt> is called
+      # <tt>address_attributes=</tt>.
+      #
+      # Whether a one-to-one or one-to-many style form builder will be yielded
+      # depends on whether the normal reader method returns a _single_ object
+      # or an _array_ of objects.
+      #
+      # ==== One-to-one
+      #
+      # Consider a Person class which returns a _single_ Address from the
+      # <tt>address</tt> reader method and responds to the
+      # <tt>address_attributes=</tt> writer method:
+      #
+      #   class Person
+      #     def address
+      #       @address
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     def address_attributes=(attributes)
+      #       # Process the attributes hash
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This model can now be used with a nested fields_for, like so:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :address do |address_fields| %>
+      #       Street  : <%= address_fields.text_field :street %>
+      #       Zip code: <%= address_fields.text_field :zip_code %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # When address is already an association on a Person you can use
+      # +accepts_nested_attributes_for+ to define the writer method for you:
+      #
+      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     has_one :address
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :address
+      #   end
+      #
+      # If you want to destroy the associated model through the form, you have
+      # to enable it first using the <tt>:allow_destroy</tt> option for
+      # +accepts_nested_attributes_for+:
+      #
+      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     has_one :address
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :address, allow_destroy: true
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Now, when you use a form element with the <tt>_destroy</tt> parameter,
+      # with a value that evaluates to +true+, you will destroy the associated
+      # model (eg. 1, '1', true, or 'true'):
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :address do |address_fields| %>
+      #       ...
+      #       Delete: <%= address_fields.check_box :_destroy %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # ==== One-to-many
+      #
+      # Consider a Person class which returns an _array_ of Project instances
+      # from the <tt>projects</tt> reader method and responds to the
+      # <tt>projects_attributes=</tt> writer method:
+      #
+      #   class Person
+      #     def projects
+      #       [@project1, @project2]
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     def projects_attributes=(attributes)
+      #       # Process the attributes hash
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Note that the <tt>projects_attributes=</tt> writer method is in fact
+      # required for fields_for to correctly identify <tt>:projects</tt> as a
+      # collection, and the correct indices to be set in the form markup.
+      #
+      # When projects is already an association on Person you can use
+      # +accepts_nested_attributes_for+ to define the writer method for you:
+      #
+      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     has_many :projects
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This model can now be used with a nested fields_for. The block given to
+      # the nested fields_for call will be repeated for each instance in the
+      # collection:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :projects do |project_fields| %>
+      #       <% if project_fields.object.active? %>
+      #         Name: <%= project_fields.text_field :name %>
+      #       <% end %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # It's also possible to specify the instance to be used:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <% @person.projects.each do |project| %>
+      #       <% if project.active? %>
+      #         <%= person_form.fields_for :projects, project do |project_fields| %>
+      #           Name: <%= project_fields.text_field :name %>
+      #         <% end %>
+      #       <% end %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # Or a collection to be used:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :projects, @active_projects do |project_fields| %>
+      #       Name: <%= project_fields.text_field :name %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # If you want to destroy any of the associated models through the
+      # form, you have to enable it first using the <tt>:allow_destroy</tt>
+      # option for +accepts_nested_attributes_for+:
+      #
+      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     has_many :projects
+      #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects, allow_destroy: true
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This will allow you to specify which models to destroy in the
+      # attributes hash by adding a form element for the <tt>_destroy</tt>
+      # parameter with a value that evaluates to +true+
+      # (eg. 1, '1', true, or 'true'):
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :projects do |project_fields| %>
+      #       Delete: <%= project_fields.check_box :_destroy %>
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # When a collection is used you might want to know the index of each
+      # object into the array. For this purpose, the <tt>index</tt> method
+      # is available in the FormBuilder object.
+      #
+      #   <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %>
+      #     ...
+      #     <%= person_form.fields_for :projects do |project_fields| %>
+      #       Project #<%= project_fields.index %>
+      #       ...
+      #     <% end %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # Note that fields_for will automatically generate a hidden field
+      # to store the ID of the record. There are circumstances where this
+      # hidden field is not needed and you can pass <tt>hidden_field_id: false</tt>
+      # to prevent fields_for from rendering it automatically.
+      def fields_for(record_name, record_object = nil, fields_options = {}, &block)
+        fields_options, record_object = record_object, nil if record_object.is_a?(Hash) && record_object.extractable_options?
+        fields_options[:builder] ||= options[:builder]
+        fields_options[:namespace] = options[:namespace]
+        fields_options[:parent_builder] = self
+
+        case record_name
+        when String, Symbol
+          if nested_attributes_association?(record_name)
+            return fields_for_with_nested_attributes(record_name, record_object, fields_options, block)
+          end
+        else
+          record_object = record_name.is_a?(Array) ? record_name.last : record_name
+          record_name   = model_name_from_record_or_class(record_object).param_key
+        end
+
         index = if options.has_key?(:index)
-          "[#{options[:index]}]"
+          options[:index]
         elsif defined?(@auto_index)
           self.object_name = @object_name.to_s.sub(/\[\]$/,"")
-          "[#{@auto_index}]"
+          @auto_index
         end
-        record_name = "#{object_name}#{index}[#{record_name}]"
+
+        record_name = index ? "#{object_name}[#{index}][#{record_name}]" : "#{object_name}[#{record_name}]"
+        fields_options[:child_index] = index
 
         @template.fields_for(record_name, record_object, fields_options, &block)
       end
 
+      # Returns a label tag tailored for labelling an input field for a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
+      # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). The text of label will default to the attribute name unless a translation
+      # is found in the current I18n locale (through helpers.label.<modelname>.<attribute>) or you specify it explicitly.
+      # Additional options on the label tag can be passed as a hash with +options+. These options will be tagged
+      # onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example shown, except for the <tt>:value</tt> option, which is designed to
+      # target labels for radio_button tags (where the value is used in the ID of the input tag).
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      #   label(:post, :title)
+      #   # => <label for="post_title">Title</label>
+      #
+      # You can localize your labels based on model and attribute names.
+      # For example you can define the following in your locale (e.g. en.yml)
+      #
+      #   helpers:
+      #     label:
+      #       post:
+      #         body: "Write your entire text here"
+      #
+      # Which then will result in
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :body)
+      #   # => <label for="post_body">Write your entire text here</label>
+      #
+      # Localization can also be based purely on the translation of the attribute-name
+      # (if you are using ActiveRecord):
+      #
+      #   activerecord:
+      #     attributes:
+      #       post:
+      #         cost: "Total cost"
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :cost)
+      #   # => <label for="post_cost">Total cost</label>
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :title, "A short title")
+      #   # => <label for="post_title">A short title</label>
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :title, "A short title", class: "title_label")
+      #   # => <label for="post_title" class="title_label">A short title</label>
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :privacy, "Public Post", value: "public")
+      #   # => <label for="post_privacy_public">Public Post</label>
+      #
+      #   label(:post, :terms) do
+      #     'Accept <a href="/terms">Terms</a>.'.html_safe
+      #   end
       def label(method, text = nil, options = {}, &block)
         @template.label(@object_name, method, text, objectify_options(options), &block)
       end
 
+      # Returns a checkbox tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
+      # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). This object must be an instance object (@object) and not a local object.
+      # It's intended that +method+ returns an integer and if that integer is above zero, then the checkbox is checked.
+      # Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a hash with +options+. The +checked_value+ defaults to 1
+      # while the default +unchecked_value+ is set to 0 which is convenient for boolean values.
+      #
+      # ==== Gotcha
+      #
+      # The HTML specification says unchecked check boxes are not successful, and
+      # thus web browsers do not send them. Unfortunately this introduces a gotcha:
+      # if an +Invoice+ model has a +paid+ flag, and in the form that edits a paid
+      # invoice the user unchecks its check box, no +paid+ parameter is sent. So,
+      # any mass-assignment idiom like
+      #
+      #   @invoice.update(params[:invoice])
+      #
+      # wouldn't update the flag.
+      #
+      # To prevent this the helper generates an auxiliary hidden field before
+      # the very check box. The hidden field has the same name and its
+      # attributes mimic an unchecked check box.
+      #
+      # This way, the client either sends only the hidden field (representing
+      # the check box is unchecked), or both fields. Since the HTML specification
+      # says key/value pairs have to be sent in the same order they appear in the
+      # form, and parameters extraction gets the last occurrence of any repeated
+      # key in the query string, that works for ordinary forms.
+      #
+      # Unfortunately that workaround does not work when the check box goes
+      # within an array-like parameter, as in
+      #
+      #   <%= fields_for "project[invoice_attributes][]", invoice, index: nil do |form| %>
+      #     <%= form.check_box :paid %>
+      #     ...
+      #   <% end %>
+      #
+      # because parameter name repetition is precisely what Rails seeks to distinguish
+      # the elements of the array. For each item with a checked check box you
+      # get an extra ghost item with only that attribute, assigned to "0".
+      #
+      # In that case it is preferable to either use +check_box_tag+ or to use
+      # hashes instead of arrays.
+      #
+      #   # Let's say that @post.validated? is 1:
+      #   check_box("post", "validated")
+      #   # => <input name="post[validated]" type="hidden" value="0" />
+      #   #    <input checked="checked" type="checkbox" id="post_validated" name="post[validated]" value="1" />
+      #
+      #   # Let's say that @puppy.gooddog is "no":
+      #   check_box("puppy", "gooddog", {}, "yes", "no")
+      #   # => <input name="puppy[gooddog]" type="hidden" value="no" />
+      #   #    <input type="checkbox" id="puppy_gooddog" name="puppy[gooddog]" value="yes" />
+      #
+      #   check_box("eula", "accepted", { class: 'eula_check' }, "yes", "no")
+      #   # => <input name="eula[accepted]" type="hidden" value="no" />
+      #   #    <input type="checkbox" class="eula_check" id="eula_accepted" name="eula[accepted]" value="yes" />
       def check_box(method, options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
         @template.check_box(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options), checked_value, unchecked_value)
       end
 
+      # Returns a radio button tag for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
+      # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). If the current value of +method+ is +tag_value+ the
+      # radio button will be checked.
+      #
+      # To force the radio button to be checked pass <tt>checked: true</tt> in the
+      # +options+ hash. You may pass HTML options there as well.
+      #
+      #   # Let's say that @post.category returns "rails":
+      #   radio_button("post", "category", "rails")
+      #   radio_button("post", "category", "java")
+      #   # => <input type="radio" id="post_category_rails" name="post[category]" value="rails" checked="checked" />
+      #   #    <input type="radio" id="post_category_java" name="post[category]" value="java" />
+      #
+      #   radio_button("user", "receive_newsletter", "yes")
+      #   radio_button("user", "receive_newsletter", "no")
+      #   # => <input type="radio" id="user_receive_newsletter_yes" name="user[receive_newsletter]" value="yes" />
+      #   #    <input type="radio" id="user_receive_newsletter_no" name="user[receive_newsletter]" value="no" checked="checked" />
       def radio_button(method, tag_value, options = {})
         @template.radio_button(@object_name, method, tag_value, objectify_options(options))
       end
 
+      # Returns a hidden input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
+      # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
+      # hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
+      # shown.
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      #   hidden_field(:signup, :pass_confirm)
+      #   # => <input type="hidden" id="signup_pass_confirm" name="signup[pass_confirm]" value="#{@signup.pass_confirm}" />
+      #
+      #   hidden_field(:post, :tag_list)
+      #   # => <input type="hidden" id="post_tag_list" name="post[tag_list]" value="#{@post.tag_list}" />
+      #
+      #   hidden_field(:user, :token)
+      #   # => <input type="hidden" id="user_token" name="user[token]" value="#{@user.token}" />
+      #
       def hidden_field(method, options = {})
         @emitted_hidden_id = true if method == :id
         @template.hidden_field(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options))
       end
 
+      # Returns a file upload input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
+      # assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
+      # hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
+      # shown.
+      #
+      # Using this method inside a +form_for+ block will set the enclosing form's encoding to <tt>multipart/form-data</tt>.
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      # * Creates standard HTML attributes for the tag.
+      # * <tt>:disabled</tt> - If set to true, the user will not be able to use this input.
+      # * <tt>:multiple</tt> - If set to true, *in most updated browsers* the user will be allowed to select multiple files.
+      # * <tt>:accept</tt> - If set to one or multiple mime-types, the user will be suggested a filter when choosing a file. You still need to set up model validations.
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      #   file_field(:user, :avatar)
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="user_avatar" name="user[avatar]" />
+      #
+      #   file_field(:post, :image, :multiple => true)
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="post_image" name="post[image]" multiple="true" />
+      #
+      #   file_field(:post, :attached, accept: 'text/html')
+      #   # => <input accept="text/html" type="file" id="post_attached" name="post[attached]" />
+      #
+      #   file_field(:post, :image, accept: 'image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg')
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="post_image" name="post[image]" accept="image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg" />
+      #
+      #   file_field(:attachment, :file, class: 'file_input')
+      #   # => <input type="file" id="attachment_file" name="attachment[file]" class="file_input" />
       def file_field(method, options = {})
         self.multipart = true
         @template.file_field(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options))
@@ -1379,14 +1764,14 @@ module ActionView
       #   <% end %>
       #
       # In the example above, if @post is a new record, it will use "Create Post" as
-      # submit button label, otherwise, it uses "Update Post".
+      # button label, otherwise, it uses "Update Post".
       #
-      # Those labels can be customized using I18n, under the helpers.submit key and accept
-      # the %{model} as translation interpolation:
+      # Those labels can be customized using I18n, under the helpers.submit key
+      # (the same as submit helper) and accept the %{model} as translation interpolation:
       #
       #   en:
       #     helpers:
-      #       button:
+      #       submit:
       #         create: "Create a %{model}"
       #         update: "Confirm changes to %{model}"
       #
@@ -1394,14 +1779,25 @@ module ActionView
       #
       #   en:
       #     helpers:
-      #       button:
+      #       submit:
       #         post:
       #           create: "Add %{model}"
       #
-      def button(value=nil, options={})
+      # ==== Examples
+      #   button("Create a post")
+      #   # => <button name='button' type='submit'>Create post</button>
+      #
+      #   button do
+      #     content_tag(:strong, 'Ask me!')
+      #   end
+      #   # => <button name='button' type='submit'>
+      #   #      <strong>Ask me!</strong>
+      #   #    </button>
+      #
+      def button(value = nil, options = {}, &block)
         value, options = nil, value if value.is_a?(Hash)
         value ||= submit_default_value
-        @template.button_tag(value, options)
+        @template.button_tag(value, options, &block)
       end
 
       def emitted_hidden_id?
@@ -1410,7 +1806,7 @@ module ActionView
 
       private
         def objectify_options(options)
-          @default_options.merge(options.merge(:object => @object))
+          @default_options.merge(options.merge(object: @object))
         end
 
         def submit_default_value
@@ -1428,7 +1824,7 @@ module ActionView
           defaults << :"helpers.submit.#{key}"
           defaults << "#{key.to_s.humanize} #{model}"
 
-          I18n.t(defaults.shift, :model => model, :default => defaults)
+          I18n.t(defaults.shift, model: model, default: defaults)
         end
 
         def nested_attributes_association?(association_name)
@@ -1440,7 +1836,7 @@ module ActionView
           association = convert_to_model(association)
 
           if association.respond_to?(:persisted?)
-            association = [association] if @object.send(association_name).is_a?(Array)
+            association = [association] if @object.send(association_name).respond_to?(:to_ary)
           elsif !association.respond_to?(:to_ary)
             association = @object.send(association_name)
           end
@@ -1449,7 +1845,8 @@ module ActionView
             explicit_child_index = options[:child_index]
             output = ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer.new
             association.each do |child|
-              output << fields_for_nested_model("#{name}[#{explicit_child_index || nested_child_index(name)}]", child, options, block)
+              options[:child_index] = nested_child_index(name) unless explicit_child_index
+              output << fields_for_nested_model("#{name}[#{options[:child_index]}]", child, options, block)
             end
             output
           elsif association
@@ -1457,30 +1854,27 @@ module ActionView
           end
         end
 
-        def fields_for_nested_model(name, object, options, block)
+        def fields_for_nested_model(name, object, fields_options, block)
           object = convert_to_model(object)
+          emit_hidden_id = object.persisted? && fields_options.fetch(:include_id) {
+            options.fetch(:include_id, true)
+          }
 
-          parent_include_id = self.options.fetch(:include_id, true)
-          include_id = options.fetch(:include_id, parent_include_id)
-          options[:hidden_field_id] = object.persisted? && include_id
-          @template.fields_for(name, object, options, &block)
+          @template.fields_for(name, object, fields_options) do |f|
+            output = @template.capture(f, &block)
+            output.concat f.hidden_field(:id) if output && emit_hidden_id && !f.emitted_hidden_id?
+            output
+          end
         end
 
         def nested_child_index(name)
           @nested_child_index[name] ||= -1
           @nested_child_index[name] += 1
         end
-
-        def convert_to_model(object)
-          object.respond_to?(:to_model) ? object.to_model : object
-        end
     end
   end
 
   ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_view) do
-    class ActionView::Base
-      cattr_accessor :default_form_builder
-      @@default_form_builder = ::ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder
-    end
+    cattr_accessor(:default_form_builder) { ::ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder }
   end
 end