actionmailer 6.0.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

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+## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+
+*   No changes.
+
+
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+
+*   Deprecate `ActionMailer::Base.receive` in favor of [Action Mailbox](https://github.com/rails/rails/tree/master/actionmailbox).
+
+    *George Claghorn*
+
+*   Add `MailDeliveryJob` for delivering both regular and parameterized mail. Deprecate using `DeliveryJob` and `Parameterized::DeliveryJob`.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Fix ActionMailer assertions not working when a Mail defines
+    a custom delivery job class
+
+    *Edouard Chin*
+
+*   Mails with multipart `format` blocks with implicit render now also check for
+    a template name in options hash instead of only using the action name.
+
+    *Marcus Ilgner*
+
+*   `ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest` includes `ActionMailer::TestHelper` module by default.
+
+    *Ricardo Díaz*
+
+*   Add `perform_deliveries` to a payload of `deliver.action_mailer` notification.
+
+    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+
+*   Change delivery logging message when `perform_deliveries` is false.
+
+    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+
+*   Allow call `assert_enqueued_email_with` with no block.
+
+    Example:
+    ```
+    def test_email
+      ContactMailer.welcome.deliver_later
+      assert_enqueued_email_with ContactMailer, :welcome
+    end
+
+    def test_email_with_arguments
+      ContactMailer.welcome("Hello", "Goodbye").deliver_later
+      assert_enqueued_email_with ContactMailer, :welcome, args: ["Hello", "Goodbye"]
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Ensure mail gem is eager autoloaded when eager load is true to prevent thread deadlocks.
+
+    *Samuel Cochran*
+
+*   Perform email jobs in `assert_emails`.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Add `Base.unregister_observer`, `Base.unregister_observers`,
+    `Base.unregister_interceptor`, `Base.unregister_interceptors`,
+    `Base.unregister_preview_interceptor` and `Base.unregister_preview_interceptors`.
+    This makes it possible to dynamically add and remove email observers and
+    interceptors at runtime in the same way they're registered.
+
+    *Claudio Ortolina*, *Kota Miyake*
+
+*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+
+    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+
+
+Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.

data/MIT-LICENSE

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+Copyright (c) 2004-2019 David Heinemeier Hansson
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+

data/README.rdoc

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+= Action Mailer -- Easy email delivery and testing
+
+Action Mailer is a framework for designing email service layers. These layers
+are used to consolidate code for sending out forgotten passwords, welcome
+wishes on signup, invoices for billing, and any other use case that requires
+a written notification to either a person or another system.
+
+Action Mailer is in essence a wrapper around Action Controller and the
+Mail gem.  It provides a way to make emails using templates in the same
+way that Action Controller renders views using templates.
+
+Additionally, an Action Mailer class can be used to process incoming email,
+such as allowing a blog to accept new posts from an email (which could even
+have been sent from a phone).
+
+You can read more about Action Mailer in the {Action Mailer Basics}[https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html] guide.
+
+== Sending emails
+
+The framework works by initializing any instance variables you want to be
+available in the email template, followed by a call to +mail+ to deliver
+the email.
+
+This can be as simple as:
+
+  class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
+    default from: 'system@loudthinking.com'
+
+    def welcome(recipient)
+      @recipient = recipient
+      mail(to: recipient,
+           subject: "[Signed up] Welcome #{recipient}")
+    end
+  end
+
+The body of the email is created by using an Action View template (regular
+ERB) that has the instance variables that are declared in the mailer action.
+
+So the corresponding body template for the method above could look like this:
+
+  Hello there,
+
+  Mr. <%= @recipient %>
+
+  Thank you for signing up!
+
+If the recipient was given as "david@loudthinking.com", the email
+generated would look like this:
+
+  Date: Mon, 25 Jan 2010 22:48:09 +1100
+  From: system@loudthinking.com
+  To: david@loudthinking.com
+  Message-ID: <4b5d84f9dd6a5_7380800b81ac29578@void.loudthinking.com.mail>
+  Subject: [Signed up] Welcome david@loudthinking.com
+  Mime-Version: 1.0
+  Content-Type: text/plain;
+  	charset="US-ASCII";
+  Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+  Hello there,
+
+  Mr. david@loudthinking.com
+
+  Thank you for signing up!
+
+In order to send mails, you simply call the method and then call +deliver_now+ on the return value.
+
+Calling the method returns a Mail Message object:
+
+  message = Notifier.welcome("david@loudthinking.com")   # => Returns a Mail::Message object
+  message.deliver_now                                    # => delivers the email
+
+Or you can just chain the methods together like:
+
+  Notifier.welcome("david@loudthinking.com").deliver_now # Creates the email and sends it immediately
+
+== Setting defaults
+
+It is possible to set default values that will be used in every method in your
+Action Mailer class. To implement this functionality, you just call the public
+class method +default+ which you get for free from <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt>.
+This method accepts a Hash as the parameter. You can use any of the headers,
+email messages have, like +:from+ as the key. You can also pass in a string as
+the key, like "Content-Type", but Action Mailer does this out of the box for you,
+so you won't need to worry about that. Finally, it is also possible to pass in a
+Proc that will get evaluated when it is needed.
+
+Note that every value you set with this method will get overwritten if you use the
+same key in your mailer method.
+
+Example:
+
+  class AuthenticationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
+    default from: "awesome@application.com", subject: Proc.new { "E-mail was generated at #{Time.now}" }
+    .....
+  end
+
+== Configuration
+
+The Base class has the full list of configuration options. Here's an example:
+
+  ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {
+    address:        'smtp.yourserver.com', # default: localhost
+    port:           '25',                  # default: 25
+    user_name:      'user',
+    password:       'pass',
+    authentication: :plain                 # :plain, :login or :cram_md5
+  }
+
+
+== Download and installation
+
+The latest version of Action Mailer can be installed with RubyGems:
+
+  $ gem install actionmailer
+
+Source code can be downloaded as part of the Rails project on GitHub:
+
+* https://github.com/rails/rails/tree/master/actionmailer
+
+
+== License
+
+Action Mailer is released under the MIT license:
+
+* https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+
+== Support
+
+API documentation is at
+
+* https://api.rubyonrails.org
+
+Bug reports for the Ruby on Rails project can be filed here:
+
+* https://github.com/rails/rails/issues
+
+Feature requests should be discussed on the rails-core mailing list here:
+
+* https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/rubyonrails-core

data/lib/action_mailer.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#--
+# Copyright (c) 2004-2019 David Heinemeier Hansson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#++
+
+require "abstract_controller"
+require "action_mailer/version"
+
+# Common Active Support usage in Action Mailer
+require "active_support"
+require "active_support/rails"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/lazy_load_hooks"
+
+module ActionMailer
+  extend ::ActiveSupport::Autoload
+
+  eager_autoload do
+    autoload :Collector
+  end
+
+  autoload :Base
+  autoload :DeliveryMethods
+  autoload :InlinePreviewInterceptor
+  autoload :MailHelper
+  autoload :Parameterized
+  autoload :Preview
+  autoload :Previews, "action_mailer/preview"
+  autoload :TestCase
+  autoload :TestHelper
+  autoload :MessageDelivery
+  autoload :DeliveryJob
+  autoload :MailDeliveryJob
+
+  def self.eager_load!
+    super
+
+    require "mail"
+    Mail.eager_autoload!
+  end
+end
+
+autoload :Mime, "action_dispatch/http/mime_type"
+
+ActiveSupport.on_load(:action_view) do
+  ActionView::Base.default_formats ||= Mime::SET.symbols
+  ActionView::Template::Types.delegate_to Mime
+end

data/lib/action_mailer/base.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "mail"
+require "action_mailer/collector"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/except"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+
+require "action_mailer/log_subscriber"
+require "action_mailer/rescuable"
+
+module ActionMailer
+  # Action Mailer allows you to send email from your application using a mailer model and views.
+  #
+  # = Mailer Models
+  #
+  # To use Action Mailer, you need to create a mailer model.
+  #
+  #   $ rails generate mailer Notifier
+  #
+  # The generated model inherits from <tt>ApplicationMailer</tt> which in turn
+  # inherits from <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt>. A mailer model defines methods
+  # used to generate an email message. In these methods, you can setup variables to be used in
+  # the mailer views, options on the mail itself such as the <tt>:from</tt> address, and attachments.
+  #
+  #   class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
+  #     default from: 'from@example.com'
+  #     layout 'mailer'
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     default from: 'no-reply@example.com',
+  #             return_path: 'system@example.com'
+  #
+  #     def welcome(recipient)
+  #       @account = recipient
+  #       mail(to: recipient.email_address_with_name,
+  #            bcc: ["bcc@example.com", "Order Watcher <watcher@example.com>"])
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Within the mailer method, you have access to the following methods:
+  #
+  # * <tt>attachments[]=</tt> - Allows you to add attachments to your email in an intuitive
+  #   manner; <tt>attachments['filename.png'] = File.read('path/to/filename.png')</tt>
+  #
+  # * <tt>attachments.inline[]=</tt> - Allows you to add an inline attachment to your email
+  #   in the same manner as <tt>attachments[]=</tt>
+  #
+  # * <tt>headers[]=</tt> - Allows you to specify any header field in your email such
+  #   as <tt>headers['X-No-Spam'] = 'True'</tt>. Note that declaring a header multiple times
+  #   will add many fields of the same name. Read #headers doc for more information.
+  #
+  # * <tt>headers(hash)</tt> - Allows you to specify multiple headers in your email such
+  #   as <tt>headers({'X-No-Spam' => 'True', 'In-Reply-To' => '1234@message.id'})</tt>
+  #
+  # * <tt>mail</tt> - Allows you to specify email to be sent.
+  #
+  # The hash passed to the mail method allows you to specify any header that a <tt>Mail::Message</tt>
+  # will accept (any valid email header including optional fields).
+  #
+  # The +mail+ method, if not passed a block, will inspect your views and send all the views with
+  # the same name as the method, so the above action would send the +welcome.text.erb+ view
+  # file as well as the +welcome.html.erb+ view file in a +multipart/alternative+ email.
+  #
+  # If you want to explicitly render only certain templates, pass a block:
+  #
+  #   mail(to: user.email) do |format|
+  #     format.text
+  #     format.html
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The block syntax is also useful in providing information specific to a part:
+  #
+  #   mail(to: user.email) do |format|
+  #     format.text(content_transfer_encoding: "base64")
+  #     format.html
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Or even to render a special view:
+  #
+  #   mail(to: user.email) do |format|
+  #     format.text
+  #     format.html { render "some_other_template" }
+  #   end
+  #
+  # = Mailer views
+  #
+  # Like Action Controller, each mailer class has a corresponding view directory in which each
+  # method of the class looks for a template with its name.
+  #
+  # To define a template to be used with a mailer, create an <tt>.erb</tt> file with the same
+  # name as the method in your mailer model. For example, in the mailer defined above, the template at
+  # <tt>app/views/notifier_mailer/welcome.text.erb</tt> would be used to generate the email.
+  #
+  # Variables defined in the methods of your mailer model are accessible as instance variables in their
+  # corresponding view.
+  #
+  # Emails by default are sent in plain text, so a sample view for our model example might look like this:
+  #
+  #   Hi <%= @account.name %>,
+  #   Thanks for joining our service! Please check back often.
+  #
+  # You can even use Action View helpers in these views. For example:
+  #
+  #   You got a new note!
+  #   <%= truncate(@note.body, length: 25) %>
+  #
+  # If you need to access the subject, from or the recipients in the view, you can do that through message object:
+  #
+  #   You got a new note from <%= message.from %>!
+  #   <%= truncate(@note.body, length: 25) %>
+  #
+  #
+  # = Generating URLs
+  #
+  # URLs can be generated in mailer views using <tt>url_for</tt> or named routes. Unlike controllers from
+  # Action Pack, the mailer instance doesn't have any context about the incoming request, so you'll need
+  # to provide all of the details needed to generate a URL.
+  #
+  # When using <tt>url_for</tt> you'll need to provide the <tt>:host</tt>, <tt>:controller</tt>, and <tt>:action</tt>:
+  #
+  #   <%= url_for(host: "example.com", controller: "welcome", action: "greeting") %>
+  #
+  # When using named routes you only need to supply the <tt>:host</tt>:
+  #
+  #   <%= users_url(host: "example.com") %>
+  #
+  # You should use the <tt>named_route_url</tt> style (which generates absolute URLs) and avoid using the
+  # <tt>named_route_path</tt> style (which generates relative URLs), since clients reading the mail will
+  # have no concept of a current URL from which to determine a relative path.
+  #
+  # It is also possible to set a default host that will be used in all mailers by setting the <tt>:host</tt>
+  # option as a configuration option in <tt>config/application.rb</tt>:
+  #
+  #   config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com" }
+  #
+  # You can also define a <tt>default_url_options</tt> method on individual mailers to override these
+  # default settings per-mailer.
+  #
+  # By default when <tt>config.force_ssl</tt> is +true+, URLs generated for hosts will use the HTTPS protocol.
+  #
+  # = Sending mail
+  #
+  # Once a mailer action and template are defined, you can deliver your message or defer its creation and
+  # delivery for later:
+  #
+  #   NotifierMailer.welcome(User.first).deliver_now # sends the email
+  #   mail = NotifierMailer.welcome(User.first)      # => an ActionMailer::MessageDelivery object
+  #   mail.deliver_now                               # generates and sends the email now
+  #
+  # The <tt>ActionMailer::MessageDelivery</tt> class is a wrapper around a delegate that will call
+  # your method to generate the mail. If you want direct access to the delegator, or <tt>Mail::Message</tt>,
+  # you can call the <tt>message</tt> method on the <tt>ActionMailer::MessageDelivery</tt> object.
+  #
+  #   NotifierMailer.welcome(User.first).message     # => a Mail::Message object
+  #
+  # Action Mailer is nicely integrated with Active Job so you can generate and send emails in the background
+  # (example: outside of the request-response cycle, so the user doesn't have to wait on it):
+  #
+  #   NotifierMailer.welcome(User.first).deliver_later # enqueue the email sending to Active Job
+  #
+  # Note that <tt>deliver_later</tt> will execute your method from the background job.
+  #
+  # You never instantiate your mailer class. Rather, you just call the method you defined on the class itself.
+  # All instance methods are expected to return a message object to be sent.
+  #
+  # = Multipart Emails
+  #
+  # Multipart messages can also be used implicitly because Action Mailer will automatically detect and use
+  # multipart templates, where each template is named after the name of the action, followed by the content
+  # type. Each such detected template will be added to the message, as a separate part.
+  #
+  # For example, if the following templates exist:
+  # * signup_notification.text.erb
+  # * signup_notification.html.erb
+  # * signup_notification.xml.builder
+  # * signup_notification.yml.erb
+  #
+  # Each would be rendered and added as a separate part to the message, with the corresponding content
+  # type. The content type for the entire message is automatically set to <tt>multipart/alternative</tt>,
+  # which indicates that the email contains multiple different representations of the same email
+  # body. The same instance variables defined in the action are passed to all email templates.
+  #
+  # Implicit template rendering is not performed if any attachments or parts have been added to the email.
+  # This means that you'll have to manually add each part to the email and set the content type of the email
+  # to <tt>multipart/alternative</tt>.
+  #
+  # = Attachments
+  #
+  # Sending attachment in emails is easy:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     def welcome(recipient)
+  #       attachments['free_book.pdf'] = File.read('path/to/file.pdf')
+  #       mail(to: recipient, subject: "New account information")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Which will (if it had both a <tt>welcome.text.erb</tt> and <tt>welcome.html.erb</tt>
+  # template in the view directory), send a complete <tt>multipart/mixed</tt> email with two parts,
+  # the first part being a <tt>multipart/alternative</tt> with the text and HTML email parts inside,
+  # and the second being a <tt>application/pdf</tt> with a Base64 encoded copy of the file.pdf book
+  # with the filename +free_book.pdf+.
+  #
+  # If you need to send attachments with no content, you need to create an empty view for it,
+  # or add an empty body parameter like this:
+  #
+  #     class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #       def welcome(recipient)
+  #         attachments['free_book.pdf'] = File.read('path/to/file.pdf')
+  #         mail(to: recipient, subject: "New account information", body: "")
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #
+  # You can also send attachments with html template, in this case you need to add body, attachments,
+  # and custom content type like this:
+  #
+  #     class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #       def welcome(recipient)
+  #         attachments["free_book.pdf"] = File.read("path/to/file.pdf")
+  #         mail(to: recipient,
+  #              subject: "New account information",
+  #              content_type: "text/html",
+  #              body: "<html><body>Hello there</body></html>")
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #
+  # = Inline Attachments
+  #
+  # You can also specify that a file should be displayed inline with other HTML. This is useful
+  # if you want to display a corporate logo or a photo.
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     def welcome(recipient)
+  #       attachments.inline['photo.png'] = File.read('path/to/photo.png')
+  #       mail(to: recipient, subject: "Here is what we look like")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # And then to reference the image in the view, you create a <tt>welcome.html.erb</tt> file and
+  # make a call to +image_tag+ passing in the attachment you want to display and then call
+  # +url+ on the attachment to get the relative content id path for the image source:
+  #
+  #   <h1>Please Don't Cringe</h1>
+  #
+  #   <%= image_tag attachments['photo.png'].url -%>
+  #
+  # As we are using Action View's +image_tag+ method, you can pass in any other options you want:
+  #
+  #   <h1>Please Don't Cringe</h1>
+  #
+  #   <%= image_tag attachments['photo.png'].url, alt: 'Our Photo', class: 'photo' -%>
+  #
+  # = Observing and Intercepting Mails
+  #
+  # Action Mailer provides hooks into the Mail observer and interceptor methods. These allow you to
+  # register classes that are called during the mail delivery life cycle.
+  #
+  # An observer class must implement the <tt>:delivered_email(message)</tt> method which will be
+  # called once for every email sent after the email has been sent.
+  #
+  # An interceptor class must implement the <tt>:delivering_email(message)</tt> method which will be
+  # called before the email is sent, allowing you to make modifications to the email before it hits
+  # the delivery agents. Your class should make any needed modifications directly to the passed
+  # in <tt>Mail::Message</tt> instance.
+  #
+  # = Default Hash
+  #
+  # Action Mailer provides some intelligent defaults for your emails, these are usually specified in a
+  # default method inside the class definition:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     default sender: 'system@example.com'
+  #   end
+  #
+  # You can pass in any header value that a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> accepts. Out of the box,
+  # <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt> sets the following:
+  #
+  # * <tt>mime_version: "1.0"</tt>
+  # * <tt>charset:      "UTF-8"</tt>
+  # * <tt>content_type: "text/plain"</tt>
+  # * <tt>parts_order:  [ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html" ]</tt>
+  #
+  # <tt>parts_order</tt> and <tt>charset</tt> are not actually valid <tt>Mail::Message</tt> header fields,
+  # but Action Mailer translates them appropriately and sets the correct values.
+  #
+  # As you can pass in any header, you need to either quote the header as a string, or pass it in as
+  # an underscored symbol, so the following will work:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     default 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => '7bit',
+  #             content_description: 'This is a description'
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Finally, Action Mailer also supports passing <tt>Proc</tt> and <tt>Lambda</tt> objects into the default hash,
+  # so you can define methods that evaluate as the message is being generated:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     default 'X-Special-Header' => Proc.new { my_method }, to: -> { @inviter.email_address }
+  #
+  #     private
+  #       def my_method
+  #         'some complex call'
+  #       end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Note that the proc/lambda is evaluated right at the start of the mail message generation, so if you
+  # set something in the default hash using a proc, and then set the same thing inside of your
+  # mailer method, it will get overwritten by the mailer method.
+  #
+  # It is also possible to set these default options that will be used in all mailers through
+  # the <tt>default_options=</tt> configuration in <tt>config/application.rb</tt>:
+  #
+  #    config.action_mailer.default_options = { from: "no-reply@example.org" }
+  #
+  # = Callbacks
+  #
+  # You can specify callbacks using <tt>before_action</tt> and <tt>after_action</tt> for configuring your messages.
+  # This may be useful, for example, when you want to add default inline attachments for all
+  # messages sent out by a certain mailer class:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailer < ApplicationMailer
+  #     before_action :add_inline_attachment!
+  #
+  #     def welcome
+  #       mail
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     private
+  #       def add_inline_attachment!
+  #         attachments.inline["footer.jpg"] = File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')
+  #       end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Callbacks in Action Mailer are implemented using
+  # <tt>AbstractController::Callbacks</tt>, so you can define and configure
+  # callbacks in the same manner that you would use callbacks in classes that
+  # inherit from <tt>ActionController::Base</tt>.
+  #
+  # Note that unless you have a specific reason to do so, you should prefer
+  # using <tt>before_action</tt> rather than <tt>after_action</tt> in your
+  # Action Mailer classes so that headers are parsed properly.
+  #
+  # = Previewing emails
+  #
+  # You can preview your email templates visually by adding a mailer preview file to the
+  # <tt>ActionMailer::Base.preview_path</tt>. Since most emails do something interesting
+  # with database data, you'll need to write some scenarios to load messages with fake data:
+  #
+  #   class NotifierMailerPreview < ActionMailer::Preview
+  #     def welcome
+  #       NotifierMailer.welcome(User.first)
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Methods must return a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object which can be generated by calling the mailer
+  # method without the additional <tt>deliver_now</tt> / <tt>deliver_later</tt>. The location of the
+  # mailer previews directory can be configured using the <tt>preview_path</tt> option which has a default
+  # of <tt>test/mailers/previews</tt>:
+  #
+  #   config.action_mailer.preview_path = "#{Rails.root}/lib/mailer_previews"
+  #
+  # An overview of all previews is accessible at <tt>http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers</tt>
+  # on a running development server instance.
+  #
+  # Previews can also be intercepted in a similar manner as deliveries can be by registering
+  # a preview interceptor that has a <tt>previewing_email</tt> method:
+  #
+  #   class CssInlineStyler
+  #     def self.previewing_email(message)
+  #       # inline CSS styles
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   config.action_mailer.preview_interceptors :css_inline_styler
+  #
+  # Note that interceptors need to be registered both with <tt>register_interceptor</tt>
+  # and <tt>register_preview_interceptor</tt> if they should operate on both sending and
+  # previewing emails.
+  #
+  # = Configuration options
+  #
+  # These options are specified on the class level, like
+  # <tt>ActionMailer::Base.raise_delivery_errors = true</tt>
+  #
+  # * <tt>default_options</tt> - You can pass this in at a class level as well as within the class itself as
+  #   per the above section.
+  #
+  # * <tt>logger</tt> - the logger is used for generating information on the mailing run if available.
+  #   Can be set to +nil+ for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own +Logger+ and Log4r loggers.
+  #
+  # * <tt>smtp_settings</tt> - Allows detailed configuration for <tt>:smtp</tt> delivery method:
+  #   * <tt>:address</tt> - Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default
+  #     "localhost" setting.
+  #   * <tt>:port</tt> - On the off chance that your mail server doesn't run on port 25, you can change it.
+  #   * <tt>:domain</tt> - If you need to specify a HELO domain, you can do it here.
+  #   * <tt>:user_name</tt> - If your mail server requires authentication, set the username in this setting.
+  #   * <tt>:password</tt> - If your mail server requires authentication, set the password in this setting.
+  #   * <tt>:authentication</tt> - If your mail server requires authentication, you need to specify the
+  #     authentication type here.
+  #     This is a symbol and one of <tt>:plain</tt> (will send the password Base64 encoded), <tt>:login</tt> (will
+  #     send the password Base64 encoded) or <tt>:cram_md5</tt> (combines a Challenge/Response mechanism to exchange
+  #     information and a cryptographic Message Digest 5 algorithm to hash important information)
+  #   * <tt>:enable_starttls_auto</tt> - Detects if STARTTLS is enabled in your SMTP server and starts
+  #     to use it. Defaults to <tt>true</tt>.
+  #   * <tt>:openssl_verify_mode</tt> - When using TLS, you can set how OpenSSL checks the certificate. This is
+  #     really useful if you need to validate a self-signed and/or a wildcard certificate. You can use the name
+  #     of an OpenSSL verify constant (<tt>'none'</tt> or <tt>'peer'</tt>) or directly the constant
+  #     (<tt>OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE</tt> or <tt>OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER</tt>).
+  #   * <tt>:ssl/:tls</tt> Enables the SMTP connection to use SMTP/TLS (SMTPS: SMTP over direct TLS connection)
+  #
+  # * <tt>sendmail_settings</tt> - Allows you to override options for the <tt>:sendmail</tt> delivery method.
+  #   * <tt>:location</tt> - The location of the sendmail executable. Defaults to <tt>/usr/sbin/sendmail</tt>.
+  #   * <tt>:arguments</tt> - The command line arguments. Defaults to <tt>-i</tt> with <tt>-f sender@address</tt>
+  #     added automatically before the message is sent.
+  #
+  # * <tt>file_settings</tt> - Allows you to override options for the <tt>:file</tt> delivery method.
+  #   * <tt>:location</tt> - The directory into which emails will be written. Defaults to the application
+  #     <tt>tmp/mails</tt>.
+  #
+  # * <tt>raise_delivery_errors</tt> - Whether or not errors should be raised if the email fails to be delivered.
+  #
+  # * <tt>delivery_method</tt> - Defines a delivery method. Possible values are <tt>:smtp</tt> (default),
+  #   <tt>:sendmail</tt>, <tt>:test</tt>, and <tt>:file</tt>. Or you may provide a custom delivery method
+  #   object e.g. +MyOwnDeliveryMethodClass+. See the Mail gem documentation on the interface you need to
+  #   implement for a custom delivery agent.
+  #
+  # * <tt>perform_deliveries</tt> - Determines whether emails are actually sent from Action Mailer when you
+  #   call <tt>.deliver</tt> on an email message or on an Action Mailer method. This is on by default but can
+  #   be turned off to aid in functional testing.
+  #
+  # * <tt>deliveries</tt> - Keeps an array of all the emails sent out through the Action Mailer with
+  #   <tt>delivery_method :test</tt>. Most useful for unit and functional testing.
+  #
+  # * <tt>deliver_later_queue_name</tt> - The name of the queue used with <tt>deliver_later</tt>. Defaults to +mailers+.
+  class Base < AbstractController::Base
+    include DeliveryMethods
+    include Rescuable
+    include Parameterized
+    include Previews
+
+    abstract!
+
+    include AbstractController::Rendering
+
+    include AbstractController::Logger
+    include AbstractController::Helpers
+    include AbstractController::Translation
+    include AbstractController::AssetPaths
+    include AbstractController::Callbacks
+    include AbstractController::Caching
+
+    include ActionView::Layouts
+
+    PROTECTED_IVARS = AbstractController::Rendering::DEFAULT_PROTECTED_INSTANCE_VARIABLES + [:@_action_has_layout]
+
+    def _protected_ivars # :nodoc:
+      PROTECTED_IVARS
+    end
+
+    helper ActionMailer::MailHelper
+
+    class_attribute :delivery_job, default: ::ActionMailer::DeliveryJob
+    class_attribute :default_params, default: {
+      mime_version: "1.0",
+      charset:      "UTF-8",
+      content_type: "text/plain",
+      parts_order:  [ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html" ]
+    }.freeze
+
+    class << self
+      # Register one or more Observers which will be notified when mail is delivered.
+      def register_observers(*observers)
+        observers.flatten.compact.each { |observer| register_observer(observer) }
+      end
+
+      # Unregister one or more previously registered Observers.
+      def unregister_observers(*observers)
+        observers.flatten.compact.each { |observer| unregister_observer(observer) }
+      end
+
+      # Register one or more Interceptors which will be called before mail is sent.
+      def register_interceptors(*interceptors)
+        interceptors.flatten.compact.each { |interceptor| register_interceptor(interceptor) }
+      end
+
+      # Unregister one or more previously registered Interceptors.
+      def unregister_interceptors(*interceptors)
+        interceptors.flatten.compact.each { |interceptor| unregister_interceptor(interceptor) }
+      end
+
+      # Register an Observer which will be notified when mail is delivered.
+      # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Observer.
+      # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized.
+      def register_observer(observer)
+        Mail.register_observer(observer_class_for(observer))
+      end
+
+      # Unregister a previously registered Observer.
+      # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Observer.
+      # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized.
+      def unregister_observer(observer)
+        Mail.unregister_observer(observer_class_for(observer))
+      end
+
+      # Register an Interceptor which will be called before mail is sent.
+      # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Interceptor.
+      # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized.
+      def register_interceptor(interceptor)
+        Mail.register_interceptor(observer_class_for(interceptor))
+      end
+
+      # Unregister a previously registered Interceptor.
+      # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Interceptor.
+      # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized.
+      def unregister_interceptor(interceptor)
+        Mail.unregister_interceptor(observer_class_for(interceptor))
+      end
+
+      def observer_class_for(value) # :nodoc:
+        case value
+        when String, Symbol
+          value.to_s.camelize.constantize
+        else
+          value
+        end
+      end
+      private :observer_class_for
+
+      # Returns the name of the current mailer. This method is also being used as a path for a view lookup.
+      # If this is an anonymous mailer, this method will return +anonymous+ instead.
+      def mailer_name
+        @mailer_name ||= anonymous? ? "anonymous" : name.underscore
+      end
+      # Allows to set the name of current mailer.
+      attr_writer :mailer_name
+      alias :controller_path :mailer_name
+
+      # Sets the defaults through app configuration:
+      #
+      #     config.action_mailer.default(from: "no-reply@example.org")
+      #
+      # Aliased by ::default_options=
+      def default(value = nil)
+        self.default_params = default_params.merge(value).freeze if value
+        default_params
+      end
+      # Allows to set defaults through app configuration:
+      #
+      #    config.action_mailer.default_options = { from: "no-reply@example.org" }
+      alias :default_options= :default
+
+      # Receives a raw email, parses it into an email object, decodes it,
+      # instantiates a new mailer, and passes the email object to the mailer
+      # object's +receive+ method.
+      #
+      # If you want your mailer to be able to process incoming messages, you'll
+      # need to implement a +receive+ method that accepts the raw email string
+      # as a parameter:
+      #
+      #   class MyMailer < ActionMailer::Base
+      #     def receive(mail)
+      #       # ...
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      def receive(raw_mail)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MESSAGE.squish)
+          ActionMailer::Base.receive is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1.
+          Use Action Mailbox to process inbound email.
+        MESSAGE
+
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("receive.action_mailer") do |payload|
+          mail = Mail.new(raw_mail)
+          set_payload_for_mail(payload, mail)
+          new.receive(mail)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Wraps an email delivery inside of <tt>ActiveSupport::Notifications</tt> instrumentation.
+      #
+      # This method is actually called by the <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object itself
+      # through a callback when you call <tt>:deliver</tt> on the <tt>Mail::Message</tt>,
+      # calling +deliver_mail+ directly and passing a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> will do
+      # nothing except tell the logger you sent the email.
+      def deliver_mail(mail) #:nodoc:
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("deliver.action_mailer") do |payload|
+          set_payload_for_mail(payload, mail)
+          yield # Let Mail do the delivery actions
+        end
+      end
+
+    private
+
+      def set_payload_for_mail(payload, mail)
+        payload[:mail]               = mail.encoded
+        payload[:mailer]             = name
+        payload[:message_id]         = mail.message_id
+        payload[:subject]            = mail.subject
+        payload[:to]                 = mail.to
+        payload[:from]               = mail.from
+        payload[:bcc]                = mail.bcc if mail.bcc.present?
+        payload[:cc]                 = mail.cc  if mail.cc.present?
+        payload[:date]               = mail.date
+        payload[:perform_deliveries] = mail.perform_deliveries
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(method_name, *args)
+        if action_methods.include?(method_name.to_s)
+          MessageDelivery.new(self, method_name, *args)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def respond_to_missing?(method, include_all = false)
+        action_methods.include?(method.to_s) || super
+      end
+    end
+
+    attr_internal :message
+
+    def initialize
+      super()
+      @_mail_was_called = false
+      @_message = Mail.new
+    end
+
+    def process(method_name, *args) #:nodoc:
+      payload = {
+        mailer: self.class.name,
+        action: method_name,
+        args: args
+      }
+
+      ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("process.action_mailer", payload) do
+        super
+        @_message = NullMail.new unless @_mail_was_called
+      end
+    end
+
+    class NullMail #:nodoc:
+      def body; "" end
+      def header; {} end
+
+      def respond_to?(string, include_all = false)
+        true
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(*args)
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the name of the mailer object.
+    def mailer_name
+      self.class.mailer_name
+    end
+
+    # Allows you to pass random and unusual headers to the new <tt>Mail::Message</tt>
+    # object which will add them to itself.
+    #
+    #   headers['X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header'] = "SecretValue"
+    #
+    # You can also pass a hash into headers of header field names and values,
+    # which will then be set on the <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object:
+    #
+    #   headers 'X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header' => "SecretValue",
+    #           'In-Reply-To' => incoming.message_id
+    #
+    # The resulting <tt>Mail::Message</tt> will have the following in its header:
+    #
+    #   X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header: SecretValue
+    #
+    # Note about replacing already defined headers:
+    #
+    # * +subject+
+    # * +sender+
+    # * +from+
+    # * +to+
+    # * +cc+
+    # * +bcc+
+    # * +reply-to+
+    # * +orig-date+
+    # * +message-id+
+    # * +references+
+    #
+    # Fields can only appear once in email headers while other fields such as
+    # <tt>X-Anything</tt> can appear multiple times.
+    #
+    # If you want to replace any header which already exists, first set it to
+    # +nil+ in order to reset the value otherwise another field will be added
+    # for the same header.
+    def headers(args = nil)
+      if args
+        @_message.headers(args)
+      else
+        @_message
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Allows you to add attachments to an email, like so:
+    #
+    #  mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')
+    #
+    # If you do this, then Mail will take the file name and work out the mime type.
+    # It will also set the Content-Type, Content-Disposition, Content-Transfer-Encoding
+    # and encode the contents of the attachment in Base64.
+    #
+    # You can also specify overrides if you want by passing a hash instead of a string:
+    #
+    #  mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = {mime_type: 'application/gzip',
+    #                                      content: File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')}
+    #
+    # If you want to use encoding other than Base64 then you will need to pass encoding
+    # type along with the pre-encoded content as Mail doesn't know how to decode the
+    # data:
+    #
+    #  file_content = SpecialEncode(File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg'))
+    #  mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = {mime_type: 'application/gzip',
+    #                                      encoding: 'SpecialEncoding',
+    #                                      content: file_content }
+    #
+    # You can also search for specific attachments:
+    #
+    #  # By Filename
+    #  mail.attachments['filename.jpg']   # => Mail::Part object or nil
+    #
+    #  # or by index
+    #  mail.attachments[0]                # => Mail::Part (first attachment)
+    #
+    def attachments
+      if @_mail_was_called
+        LateAttachmentsProxy.new(@_message.attachments)
+      else
+        @_message.attachments
+      end
+    end
+
+    class LateAttachmentsProxy < SimpleDelegator
+      def inline; _raise_error end
+      def []=(_name, _content); _raise_error end
+
+      private
+        def _raise_error
+          raise RuntimeError, "Can't add attachments after `mail` was called.\n" \
+                              "Make sure to use `attachments[]=` before calling `mail`."
+        end
+    end
+
+    # The main method that creates the message and renders the email templates. There are
+    # two ways to call this method, with a block, or without a block.
+    #
+    # It accepts a headers hash. This hash allows you to specify
+    # the most used headers in an email message, these are:
+    #
+    # * +:subject+ - The subject of the message, if this is omitted, Action Mailer will
+    #   ask the Rails I18n class for a translated +:subject+ in the scope of
+    #   <tt>[mailer_scope, action_name]</tt> or if this is missing, will translate the
+    #   humanized version of the +action_name+
+    # * +:to+ - Who the message is destined for, can be a string of addresses, or an array
+    #   of addresses.
+    # * +:from+ - Who the message is from
+    # * +:cc+ - Who you would like to Carbon-Copy on this email, can be a string of addresses,
+    #   or an array of addresses.
+    # * +:bcc+ - Who you would like to Blind-Carbon-Copy on this email, can be a string of
+    #   addresses, or an array of addresses.
+    # * +:reply_to+ - Who to set the Reply-To header of the email to.
+    # * +:date+ - The date to say the email was sent on.
+    #
+    # You can set default values for any of the above headers (except +:date+)
+    # by using the ::default class method:
+    #
+    #  class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
+    #    default from: 'no-reply@test.lindsaar.net',
+    #            bcc: 'email_logger@test.lindsaar.net',
+    #            reply_to: 'bounces@test.lindsaar.net'
+    #  end
+    #
+    # If you need other headers not listed above, you can either pass them in
+    # as part of the headers hash or use the <tt>headers['name'] = value</tt>
+    # method.
+    #
+    # When a +:return_path+ is specified as header, that value will be used as
+    # the 'envelope from' address for the Mail message. Setting this is useful
+    # when you want delivery notifications sent to a different address than the
+    # one in +:from+. Mail will actually use the +:return_path+ in preference
+    # to the +:sender+ in preference to the +:from+ field for the 'envelope
+    # from' value.
+    #
+    # If you do not pass a block to the +mail+ method, it will find all
+    # templates in the view paths using by default the mailer name and the
+    # method name that it is being called from, it will then create parts for
+    # each of these templates intelligently, making educated guesses on correct
+    # content type and sequence, and return a fully prepared <tt>Mail::Message</tt>
+    # ready to call <tt>:deliver</tt> on to send.
+    #
+    # For example:
+    #
+    #   class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
+    #     default from: 'no-reply@test.lindsaar.net'
+    #
+    #     def welcome
+    #       mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net')
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Will look for all templates at "app/views/notifier" with name "welcome".
+    # If no welcome template exists, it will raise an ActionView::MissingTemplate error.
+    #
+    # However, those can be customized:
+    #
+    #   mail(template_path: 'notifications', template_name: 'another')
+    #
+    # And now it will look for all templates at "app/views/notifications" with name "another".
+    #
+    # If you do pass a block, you can render specific templates of your choice:
+    #
+    #   mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net') do |format|
+    #     format.text
+    #     format.html
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can even render plain text directly without using a template:
+    #
+    #   mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net') do |format|
+    #     format.text { render plain: "Hello Mikel!" }
+    #     format.html { render html: "<h1>Hello Mikel!</h1>".html_safe }
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Which will render a +multipart/alternative+ email with +text/plain+ and
+    # +text/html+ parts.
+    #
+    # The block syntax also allows you to customize the part headers if desired:
+    #
+    #   mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net') do |format|
+    #     format.text(content_transfer_encoding: "base64")
+    #     format.html
+    #   end
+    #
+    def mail(headers = {}, &block)
+      return message if @_mail_was_called && headers.blank? && !block
+
+      # At the beginning, do not consider class default for content_type
+      content_type = headers[:content_type]
+
+      headers = apply_defaults(headers)
+
+      # Apply charset at the beginning so all fields are properly quoted
+      message.charset = charset = headers[:charset]
+
+      # Set configure delivery behavior
+      wrap_delivery_behavior!(headers[:delivery_method], headers[:delivery_method_options])
+
+      assign_headers_to_message(message, headers)
+
+      # Render the templates and blocks
+      responses = collect_responses(headers, &block)
+      @_mail_was_called = true
+
+      create_parts_from_responses(message, responses)
+
+      # Setup content type, reapply charset and handle parts order
+      message.content_type = set_content_type(message, content_type, headers[:content_type])
+      message.charset      = charset
+
+      if message.multipart?
+        message.body.set_sort_order(headers[:parts_order])
+        message.body.sort_parts!
+      end
+
+      message
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      # Used by #mail to set the content type of the message.
+      #
+      # It will use the given +user_content_type+, or multipart if the mail
+      # message has any attachments. If the attachments are inline, the content
+      # type will be "multipart/related", otherwise "multipart/mixed".
+      #
+      # If there is no content type passed in via headers, and there are no
+      # attachments, or the message is multipart, then the default content type is
+      # used.
+      def set_content_type(m, user_content_type, class_default) # :doc:
+        params = m.content_type_parameters || {}
+        case
+        when user_content_type.present?
+          user_content_type
+        when m.has_attachments?
+          if m.attachments.detect(&:inline?)
+            ["multipart", "related", params]
+          else
+            ["multipart", "mixed", params]
+          end
+        when m.multipart?
+          ["multipart", "alternative", params]
+        else
+          m.content_type || class_default
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Translates the +subject+ using Rails I18n class under <tt>[mailer_scope, action_name]</tt> scope.
+      # If it does not find a translation for the +subject+ under the specified scope it will default to a
+      # humanized version of the <tt>action_name</tt>.
+      # If the subject has interpolations, you can pass them through the +interpolations+ parameter.
+      def default_i18n_subject(interpolations = {}) # :doc:
+        mailer_scope = self.class.mailer_name.tr("/", ".")
+        I18n.t(:subject, interpolations.merge(scope: [mailer_scope, action_name], default: action_name.humanize))
+      end
+
+      # Emails do not support relative path links.
+      def self.supports_path? # :doc:
+        false
+      end
+
+      def apply_defaults(headers)
+        default_values = self.class.default.map do |key, value|
+          [
+            key,
+            compute_default(value)
+          ]
+        end.to_h
+
+        headers_with_defaults = headers.reverse_merge(default_values)
+        headers_with_defaults[:subject] ||= default_i18n_subject
+        headers_with_defaults
+      end
+
+      def compute_default(value)
+        return value unless value.is_a?(Proc)
+
+        if value.arity == 1
+          instance_exec(self, &value)
+        else
+          instance_exec(&value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def assign_headers_to_message(message, headers)
+        assignable = headers.except(:parts_order, :content_type, :body, :template_name,
+                                    :template_path, :delivery_method, :delivery_method_options)
+        assignable.each { |k, v| message[k] = v }
+      end
+
+      def collect_responses(headers, &block)
+        if block_given?
+          collect_responses_from_block(headers, &block)
+        elsif headers[:body]
+          collect_responses_from_text(headers)
+        else
+          collect_responses_from_templates(headers)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def collect_responses_from_block(headers)
+        templates_name = headers[:template_name] || action_name
+        collector = ActionMailer::Collector.new(lookup_context) { render(templates_name) }
+        yield(collector)
+        collector.responses
+      end
+
+      def collect_responses_from_text(headers)
+        [{
+          body: headers.delete(:body),
+          content_type: headers[:content_type] || "text/plain"
+        }]
+      end
+
+      def collect_responses_from_templates(headers)
+        templates_path = headers[:template_path] || self.class.mailer_name
+        templates_name = headers[:template_name] || action_name
+
+        each_template(Array(templates_path), templates_name).map do |template|
+          format = template.format || self.formats.first
+          {
+            body: render(template: template, formats: [format]),
+            content_type: Mime[format].to_s
+          }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def each_template(paths, name, &block)
+        templates = lookup_context.find_all(name, paths)
+        if templates.empty?
+          raise ActionView::MissingTemplate.new(paths, name, paths, false, "mailer")
+        else
+          templates.uniq(&:format).each(&block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def create_parts_from_responses(m, responses)
+        if responses.size == 1 && !m.has_attachments?
+          responses[0].each { |k, v| m[k] = v }
+        elsif responses.size > 1 && m.has_attachments?
+          container = Mail::Part.new
+          container.content_type = "multipart/alternative"
+          responses.each { |r| insert_part(container, r, m.charset) }
+          m.add_part(container)
+        else
+          responses.each { |r| insert_part(m, r, m.charset) }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def insert_part(container, response, charset)
+        response[:charset] ||= charset
+        part = Mail::Part.new(response)
+        container.add_part(part)
+      end
+
+      # This and #instrument_name is for caching instrument
+      def instrument_payload(key)
+        {
+          mailer: mailer_name,
+          key: key
+        }
+      end
+
+      def instrument_name
+        "action_mailer"
+      end
+
+      ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:action_mailer, self)
+  end
+end