action_policy 0.4.0 → 0.5.0

data/docs/assets/vue.min.css

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data/docs/authorization_context.md

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-# Authorization Context
-
-_Authorization context_ contains information about the acting subject.
-
-In most cases, it is just a _user_, but sometimes it could be a composition of subjects.
-
-You must configure authorization context in **two places**: in the policy itself and in the place where you perform the authorization (e.g., controllers).
-
-By default, `ActionPolicy::Base` includes `user` as authorization context. If you don't need it, you have to [build your own base policy](custom_policy.md).
-
-To specify additional contexts, you should use the `authorize` method:
-
-```ruby
-class ApplicationPolicy < ActionPolicy::Base
-  authorize :account
-end
-```
-
-Now you must provide `account` during policy initialization. When authorization key is missing or equals to `nil`, `ActionPolicy::AuthorizationContextMissing` error is raised.
-
-**NOTE:** if you want to allow passing `nil` as `account` value, you must add `allow_nil: true` option to `authorize`.
-If you want to be able not to pass `account` at all, you must add `optional: true`
-
-To do that automatically in your `authorize!` and `allowed_to?` calls, you must also configure authorization context. For example, in your controller:
-
-```ruby
-class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
-  # First argument should be the same as in the policy.
-  # `through` specifies the method name to be called to
-  # get the required context object
-  # (equals to the context name itself by default, i.e. `account`)
-  authorize :account, through: :current_account
-end
-```
-
-## Nested Policies vs Contexts
-
-See also: [action_policy#36](https://github.com/palkan/action_policy/issues/36) and [action_policy#37](https://github.com/palkan/action_policy/pull/37)
-
-When you call another policy from the policy object (e.g. via `allowed_to?` method),
-the context of the current policy is passed to the _nested_ policy.
-
-That means that if the nested policy has a different authorization context, we won't be able
-to build it (event if you configure all the required keys in the controller).
-
-For example:
-
-```ruby
-class UserPolicy < ActionPolicy::Base
-  authorize :user
-
-  def show?
-    allowed_to?(:show?, record.profile)
-  end
-end
-
-class ProfilePolicy < ActionPolicy::Base
-  authorize :user, :account
-end
-
-class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
-  authorize :user, through: :current_user
-  authorize :account, through: :current_account
-end
-
-class UsersController < ApplicationController
-  def show
-    user = User.find(params[:id])
-
-    authorize! user #=> raises "Missing policy authorization context: account"
-  end
-end
-```
-
-That means that **all the policies that could be used together MUST share the same set of authorization contexts** (or at least the _parent_ policies contexts must be subsets of the nested policies contexts).
-
-
-## Explicit context
-
-You can override the _implicit_ authorization context (generated with `authorize` method) in-place
-by passing the `context` option:
-
-```ruby
-def show
-  user = User.find(params[:id])
-
-  authorize! user, context: {account: user.account}
-end
-```
-
-**NOTE:** the explictly provided context is merged with the implicit one (i.e. you can specify
-only the keys you want to override).

data/docs/behaviour.md

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-# Action Policy Behaviour
-
-Action Policy provides a mixin called `ActionPolicy::Behaviour` which adds authorization methods to your classes.
-
-## Usage
-
-Let's make our custom _service_ object aware of authorization:
-
-```ruby
-class PostUpdateAction
-  # First, we should include the behaviour
-  include ActionPolicy::Behaviour
-
-  # Secondly, provide authorization subject (performer)
-  authorize :user
-
-  attr_reader :user
-
-  def initialize(user)
-    @user = user
-  end
-
-  def call(post, params)
-    # Now we can use authorization methods
-    authorize! post, to: :update?
-
-    post.update!(params)
-  end
-end
-```
-
-`ActionPolicy::Behaviour` provides `authorize` class-level method to configure [authorization context](authorization_context.md) and the instance-level methods: `authorize!`, `allowed_to?` and `authorized`:
-
-### `authorize!`
-
-This is a _guard-method_ which raises an `ActionPolicy::Unauthorized` exception
-if authorization failed (i.e. policy rule returns false):
-
-```ruby
-# `to` is a name of the policy rule to apply
-authorize! post, to: :update?
-```
-
-### `allowed_to?`
-
-This is a _predicate_ version of `authorize!`: it returns true if authorization succeed and false otherwise:
-
-```ruby
-# the first argument is the rule to apply
-# the second one is the target
-if allowed_to?(:edit?, post)
-  # ...
-end
-```
-
-### `authorized`
-
-See [scoping](./scoping.md) docs.
-
-## Policy lookup
-
-All three instance methods (`authorize!`, `allowed_to?`, `authorized`) uses the same
-`policy_for` to lookup a policy class for authorization target. So, you can provide additional options to control the policy lookup process:
-
-- Explicitly specify policy class using `with` option:
-
-```ruby
-allowed_to?(:edit?, post, with: SpecialPostPolicy)
-```
-
-- Provide a [namespace](./namespaces.md):
-
-```ruby
-# Would try to lookup Admin::PostPolicy first
-authorize! post, to: :destroy?, namespace: Admin
-```
-
-## Implicit authorization target
-
-You can omit the authorization target for all the methods by defining an _implicit authorization target_:
-
-```ruby
-class PostActions
-  include ActionPolicy::Behaviour
-
-  authorize :user
-
-  attr_reader :user, :post
-
-  def initialize(user, post)
-    @user = user
-    @post = post
-  end
-
-  def update(params)
-    # post is used here implicitly as a target
-    authorize! to: :update
-
-    post.update!(params)
-  end
-
-  def destroy
-    # post is used here implicitly as a target
-    authorize! to: :destroy
-
-    post.destroy!
-  end
-
-  def implicit_authorization_target
-    post
-  end
-end
-```

data/docs/caching.md

@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-# Caching
-
-Action Policy aims to be as performant as possible. One of the ways to accomplish that is to include a comprehensive caching system.
-
-There are several cache layers available: rule-level memoization, local (instance-level) memoization, and _external_ cache (through cache stores).
-
-<div class="chart-container">
-  <img src="assets/images/cache.svg" alt="Cache layers" width="60%">
-</div>
-
-## Policy memoization
-
-### Per-instance
-
-There could be a situation when you need to apply the same policy to the same record multiple times during the action (e.g., request). For example:
-
-```ruby
-# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
-class PostsController < ApplicationController
-  def show
-    @post = Post.find(params[:id])
-    authorize! @post
-    render :show
-  end
-end
-```
-
-```erb
-# app/views/posts/show.html.erb
-<h1><%= @post.title %>
-
-<% if allowed_to?(:edit?, @post) %>
-  <%= link_to "Edit", @post %>
-<% end %>
-
-<% if allowed_to?(:destroy?, @post) %>
-  <%= link_to "Delete", @post, method: :delete %>
-<% end %>
-```
-
-In the above example, we need to use the same policy three times. Action Policy re-uses the policy instance to avoid unnecessary object allocation.
-
-We rely on the following assumptions:
-- parent object (e.g., a controller instance) is _ephemeral_, i.e., it is a short-lived object
-- all authorizations use the same [authorization context](authorization_context.md).
-
-We use `record.policy_cache_key` with fallback to `record.cache_key` or `record.object_id` as a part of policy identifier in the local store.
-
-**NOTE**: policies memoization is an extension for `ActionPolicy::Behaviour` and could be included with `ActionPolicy::Behaviours::Memoized`.
-
-**NOTE**: memoization is automatically included into Rails controllers integration, but not included into channels integration, since channels are long-lived objects.
-
-### Per-thread
-
-Consider a more complex situation:
-
-```ruby
-# app/controllers/comments_controller.rb
-class CommentsController < ApplicationController
-  def index
-    # all comments for all posts
-    @comments = Comment.all
-  end
-end
-```
-
-```erb
-# app/views/comments/index.html.erb
-<% @comments.each do |comment| %>
-  <li><%= comment.text %>
-    <% if allowed_to?(:edit?, comment) %>
-      <%= link_to comment, "Edit" %>
-    <% end %>
-  </li>
-<% end %>
-```
-
-```ruby
-# app/policies/comment_policy.rb
-class CommentPolicy < ApplicationPolicy
-  def edit?
-    user.admin? || (user.id == record.id) ||
-      allowed_to?(:manage?, record.post)
-  end
-end
-```
-
-In some cases, we have to initialize **two** policies for each comment: one for the comment itself and one for the comment's post (in the `allowed_to?` call).
-
-That is an example of a _N+1 authorization_ problem, which in its turn could easily cause a _N+1 query_ problem (if `PostPolicy#manage?` makes database queries). Sounds terrible, doesn't it?
-
-It is likely that many comments belong to the same post. If so, we can move our memoization one level up and use local thread store.
-
-Action Policy provides `ActionPolicy::Behaviours::ThreadMemoized` module with this functionality (included into Rails controllers integration by default).
-
-If you want to add this behavior to your custom authorization-aware class, you should care about cleaning up the thread store manually (by calling `ActionPolicy::PerThreadCache.clear_all`).
-
-**NOTE:** per-thread cache is disabled by default in test environment (when either `RACK_ENV` or `RAILS_ENV` environment variable is equal to "test").
-You can turn it on (or off) by setting:
-
-```ruby
-ActionPolicy::PerThreadCache.enabled = true # or false to disable
-```
-
-## Rule cache
-
-### Per-instance
-
-There could be a situation when the same rule is called multiple times for the same policy instance (for example, when using [aliases](aliases.md)).
-
-In that case, Action Policy invokes the rule method only once, remembers the result, and returns it immediately for the subsequent calls.
-
-**NOTE**: rule results memoization is available only if you inherit from `ActionPolicy::Base` or include `ActionPolicy::Policy::CachedApply` into your `ApplicationPolicy`.
-
-### Using the cache store
-
-Some policy rules might be _performance-heavy_, e.g., make complex database queries.
-
-In that case, it makes sense to cache the rule application result for a long time (not just for the duration of a request).
-
-Action Policy provides a way to use _cache stores_ for that. You have to explicitly define which rules you want to cache in your policy class. For example:
-
-```ruby
-class StagePolicy < ApplicationPolicy
-  # mark show? rule to be cached
-  cache :show?
-  # you can also provide store-specific options
-  # cache :show?, expires_in: 1.hour
-
-  def show?
-    full_access? ||
-      user.stage_permissions.where(
-        stage_id: record.id
-      ).exists?
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def full_access?
-    !record.funnel.is_private? ||
-      user.permissions
-        .where(
-          funnel_id: record.funnel_id,
-          full_access: true
-        ).exists?
-  end
-end
-```
-
-You must configure a cache store to use this feature:
-
-```ruby
-ActionPolicy.cache_store = MyCacheStore.new
-```
-
-Or, in Rails:
-
-```ruby
-# config/application.rb (or config/environments/<environment>.rb)
-Rails.application.configure do |config|
-  config.action_policy.cache_store = :redis_cache_store
-end
-```
-
-Cache store must provide at least a `#read(key)` and `write(key, value, **options)` methods.
-
-**NOTE:** cache store also should take care of serialiation/deserialization since the `value` is `ExecutionResult` instance (which contains also some additional information, e.g. failure reasons). Rails cache store supports serialization/deserialization out-of-the-box.
-
-By default, Action Policy builds a cache key using the following scheme:
-
-```ruby
-"#{cache_namespace}/#{context_cache_key}" \
-"/#{record.policy_cache_key}/#{policy.class.name}/#{rule}"
-```
-
-Where `cache_namespace` is equal to `"acp:#{MAJOR_GEM_VERSION}.#{MINOR_GEM_VERSION}"`, and `context_cache_key` is a concatenation of all authorization contexts cache keys (in the same order as they are defined in the policy class).
-
-If any object does not respond to `#policy_cache_key`, we fallback to `#cache_key`. If `#cache_key` is not defined, an `ArgumentError` is raised.
-
-**NOTE:** if your `#cache_key` method is performance-heavy (e.g. like the `ActiveRecord::Relation`'s one), we recommend to explicitly define the `#policy_cache_key` method on the corresponding class to avoid unnecessary load. See also [action_policy#55](https://github.com/palkan/action_policy/issues/55).
-
-You can define your own `cache_key` / `cache_namespace` / `context_cache_key` methods for policy class to override this logic.
-
-#### Invalidation
-
-There no one-size-fits-all solution for invalidation. It highly depends on your business logic.
-
-**Case \#1**: no invalidation required.
-
-First of all, you should try to avoid manual invalidation at all. That could be achieved by using elaborate cache keys.
-
-Let's consider an example.
-
-Suppose that your users have _roles_ (i.e. `User.belongs_to :role`) and you give access to resources through the `Access` model (i.e. `Resource.has_many :accesses`).
-
-Then you can do the following:
-- Keep tracking the last `Access` added/updated/deleted for resource (e.g. `Access.belongs_to :accessessable, touch: :access_updated_at`)
-- Use the following cache keys:
-
-```ruby
-class User
-  def policy_cache_key
-    "user::#{id}::#{role_id}"
-  end
-end
-
-class Resource
-  def policy_cache_key
-    "#{resource.class.name}::#{id}::#{access_updated_at}"
-  end
-end
-```
-
-**Case \#2**: discarding all cache at once.
-
-That's pretty easy: just override `cache_namespace` method in your `ApplicationPolicy` with the new value:
-
-```ruby
-class ApplicationPolicy < ActionPolicy::Base
-  # It's a good idea to store the changing part in the constant
-  CACHE_VERSION = "v2".freeze
-
-  # or even from the env variable
-  # CACHE_VERSION = ENV.fetch("POLICY_CACHE_VERSION", "v2").freeze
-
-  def cache_namespace
-    "action_policy::#{CACHE_VERSION}"
-  end
-end
-```
-
-**Case \#3**: discarding some keys.
-
-That is an alternative approach to _crafting_ cache keys.
-
-If you have a limited number of places in your application where you update access control,
-you can invalidate policies cache manually. If your cache store supports `delete_matched` command (deleting keys using a wildcard), you can try the following:
-
-```ruby
-class ApplicationPolicy < ActionPolicy::Base
-  # Define custom cache key generator
-  def cache_key(rule)
-    "policy_cache/#{user.id}/#{self.class.name}/#{record.id}/#{rule}"
-  end
-end
-
-class Access < ApplicationRecord
-  belongs_to :resource
-  belongs_to :user
-
-  after_commit :cleanup_policy_cache, on: [:create, :destroy]
-
-  def cleanup_policy_cache
-    # Clear cache for the corresponding user-record pair
-    ActionPolicy.cache_store.delete_matched(
-      "policy_cache/#{user_id}/#{ResourcePolicy.name}/#{resource_id}/*"
-    )
-  end
-end
-
-class User < ApplicationRecord
-  belongs_to :role
-
-  after_commit :cleanup_policy_cache, on: [:update], if: :role_id_changed?
-
-  def cleanup_policy_cache
-    # Clear all policies cache for user
-    ActionPolicy.cache_store.delete_matched(
-      "policy_cache/#{user_id}/*"
-    )
-  end
-end
-```