aboisvert_aws 3.0.0

data/lib/awsbase/benchmark_fix.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007-2008 RightScale Inc
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+#
+
+
+# A hack because there's a bug in add! in Benchmark::Tms
+module Benchmark  #:nodoc:
+  class Tms #:nodoc:
+    def add!(&blk)
+      t = Benchmark::measure(&blk)
+      @utime  = utime + t.utime
+      @stime  = stime + t.stime
+      @cutime = cutime + t.cutime
+      @cstime = cstime + t.cstime
+      @real   = real + t.real
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/awsbase/right_awsbase.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1343 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007-2008 RightScale Inc
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+# Test
+module RightAws
+  require 'digest/md5'
+
+  class AwsUtils #:nodoc:
+    @@digest1   = OpenSSL::Digest::Digest.new("sha1")
+    @@digest256 = nil
+    if OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x00908000
+      @@digest256 = OpenSSL::Digest::Digest.new("sha256") rescue nil # Some installation may not support sha256
+    end
+
+    def self.utc_iso8601(time)
+      if    time.is_a?(Fixnum) then time = Time::at(time)
+      elsif time.is_a?(String) then time = Time::parse(time)
+      end
+      time.utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z")
+    end
+
+    def self.sign(aws_secret_access_key, auth_string)
+      Base64.encode64(OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(@@digest1, aws_secret_access_key, auth_string)).strip
+    end
+
+    # Calculates 'Content-MD5' header value for some content
+    def self.content_md5(content)
+      Base64.encode64(Digest::MD5::new.update(content).digest).strip
+    end
+
+    # Escape a string accordingly Amazon rulles
+    # http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonSimpleDB/2007-11-07/DeveloperGuide/index.html?REST_RESTAuth.html
+    def self.amz_escape(param)
+      param.to_s.gsub(/([^a-zA-Z0-9._~-]+)/n) do
+        '%' + $1.unpack('H2' * $1.size).join('%').upcase
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.xml_escape(text) # :nodoc:
+      REXML::Text::normalize(text)
+    end
+
+    def self.xml_unescape(text) # :nodoc:
+      REXML::Text::unnormalize(text)
+    end
+
+    # Set a timestamp and a signature version
+    def self.fix_service_params(service_hash, signature)
+      service_hash["Timestamp"] ||= utc_iso8601(Time.now) unless service_hash["Expires"]
+      service_hash["SignatureVersion"] = signature
+      service_hash
+    end
+
+    # Signature Version 0
+    # A deprecated guy (should work till septemper 2009)
+    def self.sign_request_v0(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash)
+      fix_service_params(service_hash, '0')
+      string_to_sign = "#{service_hash['Action']}#{service_hash['Timestamp'] || service_hash['Expires']}"
+      service_hash['Signature'] = AwsUtils::sign(aws_secret_access_key, string_to_sign)
+      service_hash.to_a.collect{|key,val| "#{amz_escape(key)}=#{amz_escape(val.to_s)}" }.join("&")
+    end
+
+    # Signature Version 1
+    # Another deprecated guy (should work till septemper 2009)
+    def self.sign_request_v1(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash)
+      fix_service_params(service_hash, '1')
+      string_to_sign = service_hash.sort{|a,b| (a[0].to_s.downcase)<=>(b[0].to_s.downcase)}.to_s
+      service_hash['Signature'] = AwsUtils::sign(aws_secret_access_key, string_to_sign)
+      service_hash.to_a.collect{|key,val| "#{amz_escape(key)}=#{amz_escape(val.to_s)}" }.join("&")
+    end
+
+    # Signature Version 2
+    # EC2, SQS and SDB requests must be signed by this guy.
+    # See:  http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonSimpleDB/2007-11-07/DeveloperGuide/index.html?REST_RESTAuth.html
+    #       http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1928
+    def self.sign_request_v2(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, http_verb, host, uri)
+      fix_service_params(service_hash, '2')
+      # select a signing method (make an old openssl working with sha1)
+      # make 'HmacSHA256' to be a default one
+      service_hash['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA256' unless ['HmacSHA256', 'HmacSHA1'].include?(service_hash['SignatureMethod'])
+      service_hash['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA1'   unless @@digest256
+      # select a digest
+      digest = (service_hash['SignatureMethod'] == 'HmacSHA256' ? @@digest256 : @@digest1)
+      # form string to sign
+      canonical_string = service_hash.keys.sort.map do |key|
+        "#{amz_escape(key)}=#{amz_escape(service_hash[key])}"
+      end.join('&')
+      string_to_sign = "#{http_verb.to_s.upcase}\n#{host.downcase}\n#{uri}\n#{canonical_string}"
+      # sign the string
+      signature      = amz_escape(Base64.encode64(OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(digest, aws_secret_access_key, string_to_sign)).strip)
+      "#{canonical_string}&Signature=#{signature}"
+    end
+
+    # From Amazon's SQS Dev Guide, a brief description of how to escape:
+    # "URL encode the computed signature and other query parameters as specified in
+    # RFC1738, section 2.2. In addition, because the + character is interpreted as a blank space
+    # by Sun Java classes that perform URL decoding, make sure to encode the + character
+    # although it is not required by RFC1738."
+    # Avoid using CGI::escape to escape URIs.
+    # CGI::escape will escape characters in the protocol, host, and port
+    # sections of the URI.  Only target chars in the query
+    # string should be escaped.
+    def self.URLencode(raw)
+      e = URI.escape(raw)
+      e.gsub(/\+/, "%2b")
+    end
+
+    def self.allow_only(allowed_keys, params)
+      bogus_args = []
+      params.keys.each {|p| bogus_args.push(p) unless allowed_keys.include?(p) }
+      raise AwsError.new("The following arguments were given but are not legal for the function call #{caller_method}: #{bogus_args.inspect}") if bogus_args.length > 0
+    end
+
+    def self.mandatory_arguments(required_args, params)
+      rargs = required_args.dup
+      params.keys.each {|p| rargs.delete(p)}
+      raise AwsError.new("The following mandatory arguments were not provided to #{caller_method}: #{rargs.inspect}") if rargs.length > 0
+    end
+
+    def self.caller_method
+      caller[1]=~/`(.*?)'/
+      $1
+    end
+
+    def self.split_items_and_params(array)
+      items  = Array(array).flatten.compact
+      params = items.last.kind_of?(Hash) ? items.pop : {}
+      [items, params]
+    end
+
+    # Generates a token in format of:
+    #  1. "1dd8d4e4-db6b-11df-b31d-0025b37efad0 (if UUID gem is loaded)
+    #  2. "1287483761-855215-zSv2z-bWGj2-31M5t-ags9m" (if UUID gem is not loaded)
+    TOKEN_GENERATOR_CHARSET = ('a'..'z').to_a + ('A'..'Z').to_a + ('0'..'9').to_a
+    def self.generate_unique_token
+      time  = Time.now
+      token = "%d-%06d" % [time.to_i, time.usec]
+      4.times do
+        token << "-"
+        5.times { token << TOKEN_GENERATOR_CHARSET[rand(TOKEN_GENERATOR_CHARSET.size)] }
+      end
+      token
+    end
+  end
+
+  class AwsBenchmarkingBlock #:nodoc:
+    attr_accessor :xml, :service
+    def initialize
+      # Benchmark::Tms instance for service (Ec2, S3, or SQS) access benchmarking.
+      @service = Benchmark::Tms.new()
+      # Benchmark::Tms instance for XML parsing benchmarking.
+      @xml = Benchmark::Tms.new()
+    end
+  end
+
+  class AwsNoChange < RuntimeError
+  end
+
+  class RightAwsBase
+
+    # Amazon HTTP Error handling
+
+    # Text, if found in an error message returned by AWS, indicates that this may be a transient
+    # error. Transient errors are automatically retried with exponential back-off.
+    AMAZON_PROBLEMS = [ 'internal service error',
+                        'is currently unavailable',
+                        'no response from',
+                        'Please try again',
+                        'InternalError',
+                        'Internal Server Error',
+                        'ServiceUnavailable', #from SQS docs
+                        'Unavailable',
+                        'This application is not currently available',
+                        'InsufficientInstanceCapacity'
+                      ]
+    @@amazon_problems = AMAZON_PROBLEMS
+      # Returns a list of Amazon service responses which are known to be transient problems.
+      # We have to re-request if we get any of them, because the problem will probably disappear.
+      # By default this method returns the same value as the AMAZON_PROBLEMS const.
+    def self.amazon_problems
+      @@amazon_problems
+    end
+
+      # Sets the list of Amazon side problems.  Use in conjunction with the
+      # getter to append problems.
+    def self.amazon_problems=(problems_list)
+      @@amazon_problems = problems_list
+    end
+
+    # Raise an exception if a timeout occures while an API call is in progress.
+    # This helps to avoid a duplicate resources creation when Amazon hangs for some time and
+    # RightHttpConnection is forced to use retries to get a response from it.
+    #
+    # If an API call action is in the list then no attempts to retry are performed.
+    #
+    RAISE_ON_TIMEOUT_ON_ACTIONS = %w{
+      AllocateAddress
+      CreateSnapshot
+      CreateVolume
+      PurchaseReservedInstancesOffering
+      RequestSpotInstances
+      RunInstances
+    }
+    @@raise_on_timeout_on_actions = RAISE_ON_TIMEOUT_ON_ACTIONS.dup
+
+    def self.raise_on_timeout_on_actions
+      @@raise_on_timeout_on_actions
+    end
+
+    def self.raise_on_timeout_on_actions=(actions_list)
+      @@raise_on_timeout_on_actions = actions_list
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  module RightAwsBaseInterface
+    DEFAULT_SIGNATURE_VERSION = '2'
+
+    @@caching = false
+    def self.caching
+      @@caching
+    end
+    def self.caching=(caching)
+      @@caching = caching
+    end
+
+      # Current aws_access_key_id
+    attr_reader :aws_access_key_id
+      # Current aws_secret_access_key
+    attr_reader :aws_secret_access_key
+      # Last HTTP request object
+    attr_reader :last_request
+      # Last HTTP response object
+    attr_reader :last_response
+      # Last AWS errors list (used by AWSErrorHandler)
+    attr_accessor :last_errors
+      # Last AWS request id (used by AWSErrorHandler)
+    attr_accessor :last_request_id
+      # Logger object
+    attr_accessor :logger
+      # Initial params hash
+    attr_accessor :params
+      # RightHttpConnection instance
+    attr_reader :connection
+      # Cache
+    attr_reader :cache
+      # Signature version (all services except s3)
+    attr_reader :signature_version
+
+    def init(service_info, aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key, params={}) #:nodoc:
+      @params = params
+      # If one defines EC2_URL he may forget to use a single slash as an "empty service" path.
+      # Amazon does not like this therefore add this bad boy if he is missing...
+      service_info[:default_service] = '/' if service_info[:default_service].right_blank?
+      raise AwsError.new("AWS access keys are required to operate on #{service_info[:name]}") \
+        if aws_access_key_id.right_blank? || aws_secret_access_key.right_blank?
+      @aws_access_key_id     = aws_access_key_id
+      @aws_secret_access_key = aws_secret_access_key
+      # if the endpoint was explicitly defined - then use it
+      if @params[:endpoint_url]
+        uri = URI.parse(@params[:endpoint_url])
+        @params[:server]   = uri.host
+        @params[:port]     = uri.port
+        @params[:service]  = uri.path
+        @params[:protocol] = uri.scheme
+        # make sure the 'service' path is not empty
+        @params[:service]  = service_info[:default_service] if @params[:service].right_blank?
+        @params[:region]   = nil
+        default_port       = uri.default_port
+      else
+        @params[:server]   ||= service_info[:default_host]
+        @params[:server]     = "#{@params[:region]}.#{@params[:server]}" if @params[:region]
+        @params[:port]     ||= service_info[:default_port]
+        @params[:service]  ||= service_info[:default_service]
+        @params[:protocol] ||= service_info[:default_protocol]
+        default_port         = @params[:protocol] == 'https' ? 443 : 80
+      end
+      # build a host name to sign
+      @params[:host_to_sign]  = @params[:server].dup
+      @params[:host_to_sign] << ":#{@params[:port]}" unless default_port == @params[:port].to_i
+      # a set of options to be passed to RightHttpConnection object
+      @params[:connection_options] = {} unless @params[:connection_options].is_a?(Hash)
+      @with_connection_options = {}
+      @params[:connections] ||= :shared # || :dedicated
+      @params[:max_connections] ||= 10
+      @params[:connection_lifetime] ||= 20*60
+      @params[:api_version]  ||= service_info[:default_api_version]
+      @logger = @params[:logger]
+      @logger = ::Rails.logger       if !@logger && defined?(::Rails) && ::Rails.respond_to?(:logger)
+      @logger = RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER if !@logger && defined?(RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER)
+      @logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)   if !@logger
+      @logger.info "New #{self.class.name} using #{@params[:connections]} connections mode"
+      @error_handler = nil
+      @cache = {}
+      @signature_version = (params[:signature_version] || DEFAULT_SIGNATURE_VERSION).to_s
+    end
+
+    def signed_service_params(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, http_verb=nil, host=nil, service=nil )
+      case signature_version.to_s
+      when '0' then AwsUtils::sign_request_v0(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash)
+      when '1' then AwsUtils::sign_request_v1(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash)
+      when '2' then AwsUtils::sign_request_v2(aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, http_verb, host, service)
+      else raise AwsError.new("Unknown signature version (#{signature_version.to_s}) requested")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the describe_xxx responses are being cached
+    def caching?
+      @params.key?(:cache) ? @params[:cache] : @@caching
+    end
+
+    # Check if the aws function response hits the cache or not.
+    # If the cache hits:
+    # - raises an +AwsNoChange+ exception if +do_raise+ == +:raise+.
+    # - returnes parsed response from the cache if it exists or +true+ otherwise.
+    # If the cache miss or the caching is off then returns +false+.
+    def cache_hits?(function, response, do_raise=:raise)
+      result = false
+      if caching?
+        function = function.to_sym
+        # get rid of requestId (this bad boy was added for API 2008-08-08+ and it is uniq for every response)
+        # feb 04, 2009 (load balancer uses 'RequestId' hence use 'i' modifier to hit it also)
+        response = response.sub(%r{<requestId>.+?</requestId>}i, '')
+        # this should work for both ruby 1.8.x and 1.9.x
+        response_md5 = Digest::MD5::new.update(response).to_s
+        # check for changes
+        unless @cache[function] && @cache[function][:response_md5] == response_md5
+          # well, the response is new, reset cache data
+          update_cache(function, {:response_md5 => response_md5,
+                                  :timestamp    => Time.now,
+                                  :hits         => 0,
+                                  :parsed       => nil})
+        else
+          # aha, cache hits, update the data and throw an exception if needed
+          @cache[function][:hits] += 1
+          if do_raise == :raise
+            raise(AwsNoChange, "Cache hit: #{function} response has not changed since "+
+                               "#{@cache[function][:timestamp].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}, "+
+                               "hits: #{@cache[function][:hits]}.")
+          else
+            result = @cache[function][:parsed] || true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    def update_cache(function, hash)
+      (@cache[function.to_sym] ||= {}).merge!(hash) if caching?
+    end
+
+    def on_exception(options={:raise=>true, :log=>true}) # :nodoc:
+      raise if $!.is_a?(AwsNoChange)
+      AwsError::on_aws_exception(self, options)
+    end
+
+    #----------------------------
+    # HTTP Connections handling
+    #----------------------------
+
+    def get_server_url(request) # :nodoc:
+      "#{request[:protocol]}://#{request[:server]}:#{request[:port]}"
+    end
+
+    def get_connections_storage(aws_service) # :nodoc:
+      case @params[:connections].to_s
+      when 'dedicated' then @connections_storage        ||= {}
+      else                  Thread.current[aws_service] ||= {}
+      end
+    end
+
+    def destroy_connection(request, reason) # :nodoc:
+      connections = get_connections_storage(request[:aws_service])
+      server_url  = get_server_url(request)
+      if connections[server_url]
+        connections[server_url][:connection].finish(reason)
+        connections.delete(server_url)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Expire the connection if it has expired.
+    def get_connection(request) # :nodoc:
+      server_url         = get_server_url(request)
+      connection_storage = get_connections_storage(request[:aws_service])
+      life_time_scratch  = Time.now-@params[:connection_lifetime]
+      # Delete out-of-dated connections
+      connections_in_list = 0
+      connection_storage.to_a.sort{|conn1, conn2| conn2[1][:last_used_at] <=> conn1[1][:last_used_at]}.each do |serv_url, conn_opts|
+        if    @params[:max_connections] <= connections_in_list
+          conn_opts[:connection].finish('out-of-limit')
+          connection_storage.delete(server_url)
+        elsif conn_opts[:last_used_at] < life_time_scratch
+          conn_opts[:connection].finish('out-of-date')
+          connection_storage.delete(server_url)
+        else
+          connections_in_list += 1
+        end
+      end
+      connection = (connection_storage[server_url] ||= {})
+      connection[:last_used_at] = Time.now
+      connection[:connection] ||= Rightscale::HttpConnection.new(:exception => RightAws::AwsError, :logger => @logger)
+    end
+
+    #----------------------------
+    # HTTP Requests handling
+    #----------------------------
+
+    # ACF, AMS, EC2, LBS and SDB uses this guy
+    # SQS and S3 use their own methods
+    def generate_request_impl(verb, action, options={}, custom_options={}) #:nodoc:
+      # Form a valid http verb: 'GET' or 'POST' (all the other are not supported now)
+      http_verb = verb.to_s.upcase
+      # remove empty keys from request options
+      options.delete_if { |key, value| value.nil? }
+      # prepare service data
+      service_hash = {"Action"         => action,
+                      "AWSAccessKeyId" => @aws_access_key_id,
+                      "Version"        => custom_options[:api_version] || @params[:api_version] }
+      service_hash.merge!(options)
+      # Sign request options
+      service_params = signed_service_params(@aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, http_verb, @params[:host_to_sign], @params[:service])
+      # Use POST if the length of the query string is too large
+      # see http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonSimpleDB/2007-11-07/DeveloperGuide/MakingRESTRequests.html
+      if http_verb != 'POST' && service_params.size > 2000
+        http_verb = 'POST'
+        if signature_version == '2'
+          service_params = signed_service_params(@aws_secret_access_key, service_hash, http_verb, @params[:host_to_sign], @params[:service])
+        end
+      end
+      # create a request
+      case http_verb
+      when 'GET'
+        request = Net::HTTP::Get.new("#{@params[:service]}?#{service_params}")
+      when 'POST'
+        request      = Net::HTTP::Post.new(@params[:service])
+        request.body = service_params
+        request['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
+      else
+        raise "Unsupported HTTP verb #{verb.inspect}!"
+      end
+      # prepare output hash
+      request_hash = { :request  => request,
+                       :server   => @params[:server],
+                       :port     => @params[:port],
+                       :protocol => @params[:protocol] }
+      request_hash.merge!(@params[:connection_options])
+      request_hash.merge!(@with_connection_options)
+
+      # If an action is marked as "non-retryable" and there was no :raise_on_timeout option set
+      # explicitly then do set that option
+      if Array(RightAwsBase::raise_on_timeout_on_actions).include?(action) && !request_hash.has_key?(:raise_on_timeout)
+        request_hash.merge!(:raise_on_timeout => true)
+      end
+
+      request_hash
+    end
+
+    # All services uses this guy.
+    def request_info_impl(aws_service, benchblock, request, parser, &block) #:nodoc:
+      request[:aws_service] = aws_service
+      @connection    = get_connection(request)
+      @last_request  = request[:request]
+      @last_response = nil
+      response = nil
+      blockexception = nil
+
+      if(block != nil)
+        # TRB 9/17/07 Careful - because we are passing in blocks, we get a situation where
+        # an exception may get thrown in the block body (which is high-level
+        # code either here or in the application) but gets caught in the
+        # low-level code of HttpConnection.  The solution is not to let any
+        # exception escape the block that we pass to HttpConnection::request.
+        # Exceptions can originate from code directly in the block, or from user
+        # code called in the other block which is passed to response.read_body.
+        benchblock.service.add! do
+          begin
+            responsehdr = @connection.request(request) do |response|
+            #########
+              begin
+                @last_response = response
+                if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+                  @error_handler = nil
+                  response.read_body(&block)
+                else
+                  @error_handler = AWSErrorHandler.new(self, parser, :errors_list => self.class.amazon_problems) unless @error_handler
+                  check_result   = @error_handler.check(request)
+                  if check_result
+                    @error_handler = nil
+                    return check_result
+                  end
+                  raise AwsError.new(@last_errors, @last_response.code, @last_request_id)
+                end
+              rescue Exception => e
+                blockexception = e
+              end
+            end
+          rescue Exception => e
+            # Kill a connection if we run into a low level connection error
+            destroy_connection(request, "error: #{e.message}")
+            raise e
+          end
+          #########
+
+          #OK, now we are out of the block passed to the lower level
+          if(blockexception)
+            raise blockexception
+          end
+          benchblock.xml.add! do
+            parser.parse(responsehdr)
+          end
+          return parser.result
+        end
+      else
+        benchblock.service.add! do
+          begin
+            response = @connection.request(request)
+          rescue Exception => e
+            # Kill a connection if we run into a low level connection error
+            destroy_connection(request, "error: #{e.message}")
+            raise e
+          end
+        end
+          # check response for errors...
+        @last_response = response
+        if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+          @error_handler = nil
+          benchblock.xml.add! { parser.parse(response) }
+          return parser.result
+        else
+          @error_handler = AWSErrorHandler.new(self, parser, :errors_list => self.class.amazon_problems) unless @error_handler
+          check_result   = @error_handler.check(request)
+          if check_result
+            @error_handler = nil
+            return check_result
+          end
+          raise AwsError.new(@last_errors, @last_response.code, @last_request_id)
+        end
+      end
+    rescue
+      @error_handler = nil
+      raise
+    end
+
+    def request_cache_or_info(method, link, parser_class, benchblock, use_cache=true, &block) #:nodoc:
+      # We do not want to break the logic of parsing hence will use a dummy parser to process all the standard
+      # steps (errors checking etc). The dummy parser does nothig - just returns back the params it received.
+      # If the caching is enabled and hit then throw  AwsNoChange.
+      # P.S. caching works for the whole images list only! (when the list param is blank)
+      # check cache
+      response, params = request_info(link, RightDummyParser.new)
+      cache_hits?(method.to_sym, response.body) if use_cache
+      parser = parser_class.new(:logger => @logger)
+      benchblock.xml.add!{ parser.parse(response, params) }
+      result = block ? block.call(parser) : parser.result
+      # update parsed data
+      update_cache(method.to_sym, :parsed => result) if use_cache
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Returns Amazons request ID for the latest request
+    def last_request_id
+      @last_response && @last_response.body.to_s[%r{<requestId>(.+?)</requestId>}i] && $1
+    end
+
+    # Incrementally lists something.
+    def incrementally_list_items(action, parser_class, params={}, &block) # :nodoc:
+      params = params.dup
+      params['MaxItems'] = params.delete(:max_items) if params[:max_items]
+      params['Marker']   = params.delete(:marker)    if params[:marker]
+      last_response = nil
+      loop do
+        last_response    = request_info( generate_request(action, params), parser_class.new(:logger => @logger))
+        params['Marker'] = last_response[:marker]
+        break unless block && block.call(last_response) && !last_response[:marker].right_blank?
+      end
+      last_response
+    end
+
+    # Format array of items into Amazons handy hash ('?' is a place holder):
+    # Options:
+    #   :default => "something"   : Set a value to "something" when it is nil
+    #   :default => :skip_nils    : Skip nil values
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list('Item', ['a', 'b', 'c']) =>
+    #    { 'Item.1' => 'a', 'Item.2' => 'b', 'Item.3' => 'c' }
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list('Item.?.instance', ['a', 'c']) #=>
+    #    { 'Item.1.instance' => 'a', 'Item.2.instance' => 'c' }
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list(['Item.?.Name', 'Item.?.Value'], {'A' => 'a', 'B' => 'b'}) #=>
+    #    { 'Item.1.Name' => 'A', 'Item.1.Value' => 'a',
+    #      'Item.2.Name' => 'B', 'Item.2.Value' => 'b'  }
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list(['Item.?.Name', 'Item.?.Value'], [['A','a'], ['B','b']]) #=>
+    #    { 'Item.1.Name' => 'A', 'Item.1.Value' => 'a',
+    #      'Item.2.Name' => 'B', 'Item.2.Value' => 'b'  }
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list(['Filter.?.Key', 'Filter.?.Value.?'], {'A' => ['aa','ab'], 'B' => ['ba','bb']}) #=>
+    #  amazonize_list(['Filter.?.Key', 'Filter.?.Value.?'], [['A',['aa','ab']], ['B',['ba','bb']]])   #=>
+    #    {"Filter.1.Key"=>"A",
+    #     "Filter.1.Value.1"=>"aa",
+    #     "Filter.1.Value.2"=>"ab",
+    #     "Filter.2.Key"=>"B",
+    #     "Filter.2.Value.1"=>"ba",
+    #     "Filter.2.Value.2"=>"bb"}
+    def amazonize_list(masks, list, options={}) #:nodoc:
+      groups = {}
+      list_idx = options[:index] || 1
+      Array(list).each do |list_item|
+        Array(masks).each_with_index do |mask, mask_idx|
+          key = mask[/\?/] ? mask.dup : mask.dup + '.?'
+          key.sub!('?', list_idx.to_s)
+          value = Array(list_item)[mask_idx]
+          if value.is_a?(Array)
+            groups.merge!(amazonize_list(key, value, options))
+          else
+            if value.nil?
+              next if options[:default] == :skip_nils
+              value = options[:default]
+            end
+            # Hack to avoid having unhandled '?' in keys : do replace them all with '1':
+            #  bad:  ec2.amazonize_list(['Filter.?.Key', 'Filter.?.Value.?'], { a: => :b }) => {"Filter.1.Key"=>:a, "Filter.1.Value.?"=>1}
+            #  good: ec2.amazonize_list(['Filter.?.Key', 'Filter.?.Value.?'], { a: => :b }) => {"Filter.1.Key"=>:a, "Filter.1.Value.1"=>1}
+            key.gsub!('?', '1')
+            groups[key] = value
+          end
+        end
+        list_idx += 1
+      end
+      groups
+    end
+
+    BLOCK_DEVICE_KEY_MAPPING = {                                                           # :nodoc:
+      :device_name               => 'DeviceName',
+      :virtual_name              => 'VirtualName',
+      :no_device                 => 'NoDevice',
+      :ebs_snapshot_id           => 'Ebs.SnapshotId',
+      :ebs_volume_size           => 'Ebs.VolumeSize',
+      :ebs_delete_on_termination => 'Ebs.DeleteOnTermination' }
+
+    def amazonize_block_device_mappings(block_device_mappings, key = 'BlockDeviceMapping') # :nodoc:
+      result = {}
+      unless block_device_mappings.right_blank?
+        block_device_mappings = [block_device_mappings] unless block_device_mappings.is_a?(Array)
+        block_device_mappings.each_with_index do |b, idx|
+          BLOCK_DEVICE_KEY_MAPPING.each do |local_name, remote_name|
+            value = b[local_name]
+            case local_name
+            when :no_device then value = value ? '' : nil   # allow to pass :no_device as boolean
+            end
+            result["#{key}.#{idx+1}.#{remote_name}"] = value unless value.nil?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Build API request keys set.
+    #
+    # Options is a hash, expectations is a set of keys [and rules] how to represent options.
+    # Mappings is an Array (may include hashes) or a Hash.
+    #
+    #  Example:
+    #
+    #  options = { :valid_from              => Time.now - 10,
+    #              :instance_count          => 3,
+    #              :image_id                => 'ami-08f41161',
+    #              :spot_price              => 0.059,
+    #              :instance_type           => 'c1.medium',
+    #              :instance_count          => 1,
+    #              :key_name                => 'tim',
+    #              :availability_zone       => 'us-east-1a',
+    #              :monitoring_enabled      => true,
+    #              :launch_group            => 'lg1',
+    #              :availability_zone_group => 'azg1',
+    #              :groups                  => ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+    #              :group_ids               => 'sg-1',
+    #              :user_data               => 'konstantin',
+    #              :block_device_mappings   => [ { :device_name     => '/dev/sdk',
+    #                                              :ebs_snapshot_id => 'snap-145cbc7d',
+    #                                              :ebs_delete_on_termination => true,
+    #                                              :ebs_volume_size => 3,
+    #                                              :virtual_name => 'ephemeral2' }]}
+    #  mappings = { :spot_price,
+    #               :availability_zone_group,
+    #               :launch_group,
+    #               :type,
+    #               :instance_count,
+    #               :image_id              => 'LaunchSpecification.ImageId',
+    #               :instance_type         => 'LaunchSpecification.InstanceType',
+    #               :key_name              => 'LaunchSpecification.KeyName',
+    #               :addressing_type       => 'LaunchSpecification.AddressingType',
+    #               :kernel_id             => 'LaunchSpecification.KernelId',
+    #               :ramdisk_id            => 'LaunchSpecification.RamdiskId',
+    #               :subnet_id             => 'LaunchSpecification.SubnetId',
+    #               :availability_zone     => 'LaunchSpecification.Placement.AvailabilityZone',
+    #               :monitoring_enabled    => 'LaunchSpecification.Monitoring.Enabled',
+    #               :valid_from            => { :value => Proc.new { !options[:valid_from].right_blank?  && AwsUtils::utc_iso8601(options[:valid_from]) }},
+    #               :valid_until           => { :value => Proc.new { !options[:valid_until].right_blank? && AwsUtils::utc_iso8601(options[:valid_until]) }},
+    #               :user_data             => { :name  => 'LaunchSpecification.UserData',
+    #                                           :value => Proc.new { !options[:user_data].right_blank? && Base64.encode64(options[:user_data]).delete("\n") }},
+    #               :groups                => { :amazonize_list => 'LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroup'},
+    #               :group_ids             => { :amazonize_list => 'LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroupId'},
+    #               :block_device_mappings => { :amazonize_bdm  => 'LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping'})
+    #
+    #  map_api_keys_and_values( options, mappings) #=>
+    #    {"LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.DeleteOnTermination" => true,
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping.1.VirtualName"             => "ephemeral2",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.VolumeSize"          => 3,
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.SnapshotId"          => "snap-145cbc7d",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.BlockDeviceMapping.1.DeviceName"              => "/dev/sdk",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroupId.1"                            => "sg-1",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.InstanceType"                                 => "c1.medium",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.KeyName"                                      => "tim",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.ImageId"                                      => "ami-08f41161",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroup.1"                              => "a",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroup.2"                              => "b",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.SecurityGroup.3"                              => "c",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.Placement.AvailabilityZone"                   => "us-east-1a",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.Monitoring.Enabled"                           => true,
+    #     "LaunchGroup"                                                      => "lg1",
+    #     "InstanceCount"                                                    => 1,
+    #     "SpotPrice"                                                        => 0.059,
+    #     "AvailabilityZoneGroup"                                            => "azg1",
+    #     "ValidFrom"                                                        => "2011-06-30T08:06:30.000Z",
+    #     "LaunchSpecification.UserData"                                     => "a29uc3RhbnRpbg=="}
+    #
+    def map_api_keys_and_values(options, *mappings) # :nodoc:
+      result = {}
+      vars   = {}
+      # Fix inputs and make them all to be hashes
+      mappings.flatten.each do |mapping|
+        unless mapping.is_a?(Hash)
+          # mapping is just a :key_name
+          mapping = { mapping => { :name  => mapping.to_s.right_camelize, :value => options[mapping] }}
+        else
+          mapping.each do |local_key, api_opts|
+            unless api_opts.is_a?(Hash)
+              # mapping is a { :key_name => 'ApiKeyName' }
+              mapping[local_key] = { :name  => api_opts.to_s, :value => options[local_key]}
+            else
+              # mapping is a { :key_name => { :name => 'ApiKeyName', :value => 'Value', ... etc}  }
+              api_opts[:name]  = local_key.to_s.right_camelize if (api_opts.keys & [:name, :amazonize_list, :amazonize_bdm]).right_blank?
+              api_opts[:value] = options[local_key] unless api_opts.has_key?(:value)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        vars.merge! mapping
+      end
+      # Build API keys set
+      #  vars now is a Hash:
+      #    { :key1 => { :name           => 'ApiKey1',   :value => 'BlahBlah'},
+      #      :key2 => { :amazonize_list => 'ApiKey2.?', :value => [1, ...] },
+      #      :key3 => { :amazonize_bdm  => 'BDM',       :value => [{..}, ...] }, ... }
+      #
+      vars.each do |local_key, api_opts|
+        if api_opts[:amazonize_list]
+          result.merge!(amazonize_list( api_opts[:amazonize_list], api_opts[:value] )) unless api_opts[:value].right_blank?
+        elsif api_opts[:amazonize_bdm]
+          result.merge!(amazonize_block_device_mappings( api_opts[:value], api_opts[:amazonize_bdm] )) unless api_opts[:value].right_blank?
+        else
+          api_key = api_opts[:name]
+          value   = api_opts[:value]
+          value   = value.call if value.is_a?(Proc)
+          next if value.right_blank?
+          result[api_key] = value
+        end
+      end
+      #
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Transform a hash of parameters into a hash suitable for sending
+    # to Amazon using a key mapping.
+    #
+    #  amazonize_hash_with_key_mapping('Group.Filter',
+    #    {:some_param => 'SomeParam'},
+    #    {:some_param => 'value'}) #=> {'Group.Filter.SomeParam' => 'value'}
+    #
+    def amazonize_hash_with_key_mapping(key, mapping, hash, options={})
+      result = {}
+      unless hash.right_blank?
+        mapping.each do |local_name, remote_name|
+          value = hash[local_name]
+          next if value.nil?
+          result["#{key}.#{remote_name}"] = value
+        end
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Transform a list of hashes of parameters into a hash suitable for sending
+    # to Amazon using a key mapping.
+    #
+    #  amazonize_list_with_key_mapping('Group.Filter',
+    #    [{:some_param => 'SomeParam'}, {:some_param => 'SomeParam'}],
+    #    {:some_param => 'value'}) #=>
+    #      {'Group.Filter.1.SomeParam' => 'value',
+    #       'Group.Filter.2.SomeParam' => 'value'}
+    #
+    def amazonize_list_with_key_mapping(key, mapping, list, options={})
+      result = {}
+      unless list.right_blank?
+        list.each_with_index do |item, index|
+          mapping.each do |local_name, remote_name|
+            value = item[local_name]
+            next if value.nil?
+            result["#{key}.#{index+1}.#{remote_name}"] = value
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Execute a block of code with custom set of settings for right_http_connection.
+    # Accepts next options (see Rightscale::HttpConnection for explanation):
+    #  :raise_on_timeout
+    #  :http_connection_retry_count
+    #  :http_connection_open_timeout
+    #  :http_connection_read_timeout
+    #  :http_connection_retry_delay
+    #  :user_agent
+    #  :exception
+    #
+    #  Example #1:
+    #
+    #  # Try to create a snapshot but stop with exception if timeout is received
+    #  # to avoid having a duplicate API calls that create duplicate snapshots.
+    #  ec2 = Rightscale::Ec2::new(aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key)
+    #  ec2.with_connection_options(:raise_on_timeout => true) do
+    #    ec2.create_snapshot('vol-898a6fe0', 'KD: WooHoo!!')
+    #  end
+    #
+    #  Example #2:
+    #
+    #  # Opposite case when the setting is global:
+    #  @ec2 = Rightscale::Ec2::new(aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key,
+    #                           :connection_options => { :raise_on_timeout => true })
+    #  # Create an SSHKey but do tries on timeout
+    #  ec2.with_connection_options(:raise_on_timeout => false) do
+    #    new_key = ec2.create_key_pair('my_test_key')
+    #  end
+    #
+    #  Example #3:
+    #
+    #  # Global settings (HttpConnection level):
+    #  Rightscale::HttpConnection::params[:http_connection_open_timeout] = 5
+    #  Rightscale::HttpConnection::params[:http_connection_read_timeout] = 250
+    #  Rightscale::HttpConnection::params[:http_connection_retry_count]  = 2
+    #
+    #  # Local setings (RightAws level)
+    #  ec2 = Rightscale::Ec2::new(AWS_ID, AWS_KEY,
+    #    :region => 'us-east-1',
+    #    :connection_options => {
+    #      :http_connection_read_timeout => 2,
+    #      :http_connection_retry_count  => 5,
+    #      :user_agent => 'Mozilla 4.0'
+    #    })
+    #
+    #  # Custom settings (API call level)
+    #  ec2.with_connection_options(:raise_on_timeout => true,
+    #                              :http_connection_read_timeout => 10,
+    #                              :user_agent => '') do
+    #    pp ec2.describe_images
+    #  end
+    #
+    def with_connection_options(options, &block)
+      @with_connection_options = options
+      block.call self
+    ensure
+      @with_connection_options = {}
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  # Exception class to signal any Amazon errors. All errors occuring during calls to Amazon's
+  # web services raise this type of error.
+  # Attribute inherited by RuntimeError:
+  #  message    - the text of the error, generally as returned by AWS in its XML response.
+  class AwsError < RuntimeError
+
+    # either an array of errors where each item is itself an array of [code, message]),
+    # or an error string if the error was raised manually, as in <tt>AwsError.new('err_text')</tt>
+    attr_reader :errors
+
+    # Request id (if exists)
+    attr_reader :request_id
+
+    # Response HTTP error code
+    attr_reader :http_code
+
+    def initialize(errors=nil, http_code=nil, request_id=nil)
+      @errors      = errors
+      @request_id  = request_id
+      @http_code   = http_code
+      super(@errors.is_a?(Array) ? @errors.map{|code, msg| "#{code}: #{msg}"}.join("; ") : @errors.to_s)
+    end
+
+    # Does any of the error messages include the regexp +pattern+?
+    # Used to determine whether to retry request.
+    def include?(pattern)
+      if @errors.is_a?(Array)
+        @errors.each{ |code, msg| return true if code =~ pattern }
+      else
+        return true if @errors_str =~ pattern
+      end
+      false
+    end
+
+    # Generic handler for AwsErrors. +aws+ is the RightAws::S3, RightAws::EC2, or RightAws::SQS
+    # object that caused the exception (it must provide last_request and last_response). Supported
+    # boolean options are:
+    # * <tt>:log</tt> print a message into the log using aws.logger to access the Logger
+    # * <tt>:puts</tt> do a "puts" of the error
+    # * <tt>:raise</tt> re-raise the error after logging
+    def self.on_aws_exception(aws, options={:raise=>true, :log=>true})
+ 	    # Only log & notify if not user error
+      if !options[:raise] || system_error?($!)
+        error_text = "#{$!.inspect}\n#{$@}.join('\n')}"
+        puts error_text if options[:puts]
+          # Log the error
+        if options[:log]
+          request  = aws.last_request  ? aws.last_request.path :  '-none-'
+          response = aws.last_response ? "#{aws.last_response.code} -- #{aws.last_response.message} -- #{aws.last_response.body}" : '-none-'
+          aws.logger.error error_text
+          aws.logger.error "Request was:  #{request}"
+          aws.logger.error "Response was: #{response}"
+        end
+      end
+      raise if options[:raise]  # re-raise an exception
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    # True if e is an AWS system error, i.e. something that is for sure not the caller's fault.
+    # Used to force logging.
+    def self.system_error?(e)
+ 	    !e.is_a?(self) || e.message =~ /InternalError|InsufficientInstanceCapacity|Unavailable/
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+  class AWSErrorHandler
+    # 0-100 (%)
+    DEFAULT_CLOSE_ON_4XX_PROBABILITY = 10
+
+    @@reiteration_start_delay = 0.2
+    def self.reiteration_start_delay
+      @@reiteration_start_delay
+    end
+    def self.reiteration_start_delay=(reiteration_start_delay)
+      @@reiteration_start_delay = reiteration_start_delay
+    end
+
+    @@reiteration_time = 5
+    def self.reiteration_time
+      @@reiteration_time
+    end
+    def self.reiteration_time=(reiteration_time)
+      @@reiteration_time = reiteration_time
+    end
+
+    @@close_on_error = true
+    def self.close_on_error
+      @@close_on_error
+    end
+    def self.close_on_error=(close_on_error)
+      @@close_on_error = close_on_error
+    end
+
+    @@close_on_4xx_probability = DEFAULT_CLOSE_ON_4XX_PROBABILITY
+    def self.close_on_4xx_probability
+      @@close_on_4xx_probability
+    end
+    def self.close_on_4xx_probability=(close_on_4xx_probability)
+      @@close_on_4xx_probability = close_on_4xx_probability
+    end
+
+    # params:
+    #  :reiteration_time
+    #  :errors_list
+    #  :close_on_error           = true | false
+    #  :close_on_4xx_probability = 1-100
+    def initialize(aws, parser, params={}) #:nodoc:
+      @aws           = aws              # Link to RightEc2 | RightSqs | RightS3 instance
+      @parser        = parser           # parser to parse Amazon response
+      @started_at    = Time.now
+      @stop_at       = @started_at  + (params[:reiteration_time] || @@reiteration_time)
+      @errors_list   = params[:errors_list] || []
+      @reiteration_delay = @@reiteration_start_delay
+      @retries       = 0
+      # close current HTTP(S) connection on 5xx, errors from list and 4xx errors
+      @close_on_error           = params[:close_on_error].nil? ? @@close_on_error : params[:close_on_error]
+      @close_on_4xx_probability = params[:close_on_4xx_probability] || @@close_on_4xx_probability
+    end
+
+      # Returns false if
+    def check(request)  #:nodoc:
+      result           = false
+      error_found      = false
+      redirect_detected= false
+      error_match      = nil
+      last_errors_text = ''
+      response         = @aws.last_response
+      # log error
+      request_text_data = "#{request[:protocol]}://#{request[:server]}:#{request[:port]}#{request[:request].path}"
+      # is this a redirect?
+      # yes!
+      if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPRedirection)
+        redirect_detected = true
+      else
+        # no, it's an error ...
+        @aws.logger.warn("##### #{@aws.class.name} returned an error: #{response.code} #{response.message}\n#{response.body} #####")
+        @aws.logger.warn("##### #{@aws.class.name} request: #{request_text_data} ####")
+      end
+
+      # Extract error/redirection message from the response body
+      # Amazon claims that a redirection must have a body but somethimes it is nil....
+      if response.body && response.body[/^(<\?xml|<ErrorResponse)/]
+        error_parser = RightErrorResponseParser.new
+        @aws.class.bench_xml.add! do
+          error_parser.parse(response.body)
+        end
+        @aws.last_errors     = error_parser.errors
+        @aws.last_request_id = error_parser.requestID
+        last_errors_text     = @aws.last_errors.flatten.join("\n")
+      else
+        @aws.last_errors     = [[response.code, "#{response.message} (#{request_text_data})"]]
+        @aws.last_request_id = '-undefined-'
+        last_errors_text     = response.message
+      end
+
+      # Ok, it is a redirect, find the new destination location
+      if redirect_detected
+        location = response['location']
+        # As for 301 ( Moved Permanently) Amazon does not return a 'Location' header but
+        # it is possible to extract a new endpoint from the response body
+        if location.right_blank? && response.code=='301' && response.body
+          new_endpoint = response.body[/<Endpoint>(.*?)<\/Endpoint>/] && $1
+          location     = "#{request[:protocol]}://#{new_endpoint}:#{request[:port]}#{request[:request].path}"
+        end
+        # ... log information and ...
+        @aws.logger.info("##### #{@aws.class.name} redirect requested: #{response.code} #{response.message} #####")
+        @aws.logger.info("      Old location: #{request_text_data}")
+        @aws.logger.info("      New location: #{location}")
+        @aws.logger.info("      Request Verb: #{request[:request].class.name}")
+        # ... fix the connection data
+        request[:server]   = URI.parse(location).host
+        request[:protocol] = URI.parse(location).scheme
+        request[:port]     = URI.parse(location).port
+      else
+        # Not a redirect but an error: try to find the error in our list
+        @errors_list.each do |error_to_find|
+          if last_errors_text[/#{error_to_find}/i]
+            error_found = true
+            error_match = error_to_find
+            @aws.logger.warn("##### Retry is needed, error pattern match: #{error_to_find} #####")
+            break
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+        # check the time has gone from the first error come
+      if redirect_detected || error_found
+        # Close the connection to the server and recreate a new one.
+        # It may have a chance that one server is a semi-down and reconnection
+        # will help us to connect to the other server
+        if !redirect_detected && @close_on_error
+          @aws.destroy_connection(request, "#{self.class.name}: error match to pattern '#{error_match}'")
+        end
+
+        if (Time.now < @stop_at)
+          @retries += 1
+          unless redirect_detected
+            @aws.logger.warn("##### Retry ##{@retries} is being performed. Sleeping for #{@reiteration_delay} sec. Whole time: #{Time.now-@started_at} sec ####")
+            sleep @reiteration_delay
+            @reiteration_delay *= 2
+
+            # Always make sure that the fp is set to point to the beginning(?)
+            # of the File/IO. TODO: it assumes that offset is 0, which is bad.
+            if(request[:request].body_stream && request[:request].body_stream.respond_to?(:pos))
+              begin
+                request[:request].body_stream.pos = 0
+              rescue Exception => e
+                @logger.warn("Retry may fail due to unable to reset the file pointer" +
+                             " -- #{self.class.name} : #{e.inspect}")
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            @aws.logger.info("##### Retry ##{@retries} is being performed due to a redirect.  ####")
+          end
+          result = @aws.request_info(request, @parser)
+        else
+          @aws.logger.warn("##### Ooops, time is over... ####")
+        end
+      # aha, this is unhandled error:
+      elsif @close_on_error
+        # On 5xx(Server errors), 403(RequestTimeTooSkewed) and 408(Request Timeout) a conection has to be closed
+        if @aws.last_response.code.to_s[/^(5\d\d|403|408)$/]
+          @aws.destroy_connection(request, "#{self.class.name}: code: #{@aws.last_response.code}: '#{@aws.last_response.message}'")
+        # Is this a 4xx error ?
+        elsif @aws.last_response.code.to_s[/^4\d\d$/] && @close_on_4xx_probability > rand(100)
+          @aws.destroy_connection(request, "#{self.class.name}: code: #{@aws.last_response.code}: '#{@aws.last_response.message}', " +
+                                           "probability: #{@close_on_4xx_probability}%")
+        end
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  class RightSaxParserCallbackTemplate #:nodoc:
+    def initialize(right_aws_parser)
+      @right_aws_parser = right_aws_parser
+    end
+    def on_characters(chars)
+      @right_aws_parser.text(chars)
+    end
+    def on_start_document; end
+    def on_comment(msg); end
+    def on_processing_instruction(target, data); end
+    def on_cdata_block(cdata); end
+    def on_end_document; end
+  end
+
+  class RightSaxParserCallback < RightSaxParserCallbackTemplate
+    def self.include_callback
+      include XML::SaxParser::Callbacks
+    end
+    def on_start_element(name, attr_hash)
+      @right_aws_parser.tag_start(name, attr_hash)
+    end
+    def on_end_element(name)
+      @right_aws_parser.tag_end(name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class RightSaxParserCallbackNs < RightSaxParserCallbackTemplate
+    def on_start_element_ns(name, attr_hash, prefix, uri, namespaces)
+      @right_aws_parser.tag_start(name, attr_hash)
+    end
+    def on_end_element_ns(name, prefix, uri)
+      @right_aws_parser.tag_end(name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class RightAWSParser  #:nodoc:
+      # default parsing library
+    DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY = 'rexml'
+      # a list of supported parsers
+    @@supported_xml_libs = [DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY, 'libxml']
+
+    @@xml_lib = DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY # xml library name: 'rexml' | 'libxml'
+    def self.xml_lib
+      @@xml_lib
+    end
+    def self.xml_lib=(new_lib_name)
+      @@xml_lib = new_lib_name
+    end
+
+    attr_accessor :result
+    attr_reader   :xmlpath
+    attr_accessor :xml_lib
+    attr_reader   :full_tag_name
+    attr_reader   :tag
+
+    def initialize(params={})
+      @xmlpath = ''
+      @full_tag_name = ''
+      @result  = false
+      @text    = ''
+      @tag     = ''
+      @xml_lib = params[:xml_lib] || @@xml_lib
+      @logger  = params[:logger]
+      reset
+    end
+    def tag_start(name, attributes)
+      @text = ''
+      @tag  = name
+      @full_tag_name += @full_tag_name.empty? ? name : "/#{name}"
+      tagstart(name, attributes)
+      @xmlpath = @full_tag_name
+    end
+    def tag_end(name)
+      @xmlpath = @full_tag_name[/^(.*?)\/?#{name}$/] && $1
+      tagend(name)
+      @full_tag_name = @xmlpath
+    end
+    def text(text)
+      @text += text
+      tagtext(text)
+    end
+      # Parser method.
+      # Params:
+      #   xml_text         - xml message text(String) or Net:HTTPxxx instance (response)
+      #   params[:xml_lib] - library name: 'rexml' | 'libxml'
+    def parse(xml_text, params={})
+        # Get response body
+      xml_text = xml_text.body unless xml_text.is_a?(String)
+      @xml_lib = params[:xml_lib] || @xml_lib
+        # check that we had no problems with this library otherwise use default
+      @xml_lib = DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY unless @@supported_xml_libs.include?(@xml_lib)
+        # load xml library
+      if @xml_lib=='libxml' && !defined?(XML::SaxParser)
+        begin
+          require 'xml/libxml'
+          # Setup SaxParserCallback
+          if XML::Parser::VERSION >= '0.5.1' &&
+             XML::Parser::VERSION  < '0.9.7'
+            RightSaxParserCallback.include_callback
+          end
+        rescue LoadError => e
+          @@supported_xml_libs.delete(@xml_lib)
+          @xml_lib = DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY
+          if @logger
+            @logger.error e.inspect
+            @logger.error e.backtrace
+            @logger.info "Can not load 'libxml' library. '#{DEFAULT_XML_LIBRARY}' is used for parsing."
+          end
+        end
+      end
+        # Parse the xml text
+      case @xml_lib
+      when 'libxml'
+        if XML::Parser::VERSION >= '0.9.9'
+          # avoid warning on every usage
+          xml        = XML::SaxParser.string(xml_text)
+        else
+          xml        = XML::SaxParser.new
+          xml.string = xml_text
+        end
+        # check libxml-ruby version
+        if    XML::Parser::VERSION >= '0.9.7'
+          xml.callbacks = RightSaxParserCallbackNs.new(self)
+        elsif XML::Parser::VERSION >= '0.5.1'
+          xml.callbacks = RightSaxParserCallback.new(self)
+        else
+          xml.on_start_element{|name, attr_hash| self.tag_start(name, attr_hash)}
+          xml.on_characters{   |text|            self.text(text)}
+          xml.on_end_element{  |name|            self.tag_end(name)}
+        end
+        xml.parse
+      else
+        REXML::Document.parse_stream(xml_text, self)
+      end
+    end
+      # Parser must have a lots of methods
+      # (see /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/rexml/parsers/streamparser.rb)
+      # We dont need most of them in RightAWSParser and method_missing helps us
+      # to skip their definition
+    def method_missing(method, *params)
+        # if the method is one of known - just skip it ...
+      return if [:comment, :attlistdecl, :notationdecl, :elementdecl,
+                 :entitydecl, :cdata, :xmldecl, :attlistdecl, :instruction,
+                 :doctype].include?(method)
+        # ... else - call super to raise an exception
+      super(method, params)
+    end
+      # the functions to be overriden by children (if nessesery)
+    def reset                     ; end
+    def tagstart(name, attributes); end
+    def tagend(name)              ; end
+    def tagtext(text)             ; end
+  end
+
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+  #      PARSERS: Errors
+  #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#<Error>
+#  <Code>TemporaryRedirect</Code>
+#  <Message>Please re-send this request to the specified temporary endpoint. Continue to use the original request endpoint for future requests.</Message>
+#  <RequestId>FD8D5026D1C5ABA3</RequestId>
+#  <Endpoint>bucket-for-k.s3-external-3.amazonaws.com</Endpoint>
+#  <HostId>ItJy8xPFPli1fq/JR3DzQd3iDvFCRqi1LTRmunEdM1Uf6ZtW2r2kfGPWhRE1vtaU</HostId>
+#  <Bucket>bucket-for-k</Bucket>
+#</Error>
+
+  class RightErrorResponseParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+    attr_accessor :errors  # array of hashes: error/message
+    attr_accessor :requestID
+#    attr_accessor :endpoint, :host_id, :bucket
+    def tagend(name)
+      case name
+        when 'RequestID' ; @requestID = @text
+        when 'Code'      ; @code      = @text
+        when 'Message'   ; @message   = @text
+#       when 'Endpoint'  ; @endpoint  = @text
+#       when 'HostId'    ; @host_id   = @text
+#       when 'Bucket'    ; @bucket    = @text
+        when 'Error'     ; @errors   << [ @code, @message ]
+      end
+    end
+    def reset
+      @errors = []
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Dummy parser - does nothing
+  # Returns the original params back
+  class RightDummyParser  # :nodoc:
+    attr_accessor :result
+    def parse(response, params={})
+      @result = [response, params]
+    end
+  end
+
+  class RightHttp2xxParser < RightAWSParser # :nodoc:
+    def parse(response)
+      @result = response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class RightBoolResponseParser < RightAWSParser #:nodoc:
+    def tagend(name)
+      @result = (@text=='true') if name == 'return'
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+