ably 0.8.15 → 1.0.0

data/spec/acceptance/realtime/channel_history_spec.rb

@@ -206,9 +206,11 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, '#history', :event_machine do
         end
       end
 
-      it 'raises an exception unless state is attached' do
-        expect { channel.history(until_attach: true) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /not attached/)
-        stop_reactor
+      it 'fails the deferrable unless the state is attached' do
+        channel.history(until_attach: true).errback do |error|
+          expect(error.message).to match(/not attached/)
+          stop_reactor
+        end
       end
     end
   end

data/spec/acceptance/realtime/channel_spec.rb

@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
     let(:client_options)  { default_options }
 
     let(:client)       { auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options) }
+    let(:connection)   { client.connection }
     let(:channel_name) { random_str }
     let(:payload)      { random_str }
     let(:channel)      { client.channel(channel_name) }
     let(:messages)     { [] }
 
+    def disconnect_transport
+      connection.transport.unbind
+    end
+
     describe 'initialization' do
       context 'with :auto_connect option set to false on connection' do
         let(:client) do
@@ -36,41 +41,98 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
     end
 
     describe '#attach' do
-      it 'emits attaching then attached events' do
-        channel.once(:attaching) do
-          channel.once(:attached) do
-            stop_reactor
+      context 'when initialized' do
+        it 'emits attaching then attached events' do
+          channel.once(:attaching) do
+            channel.once(:attached) do
+              stop_reactor
+            end
           end
+
+          channel.attach
         end
 
-        channel.attach
-      end
+        it 'ignores subsequent #attach calls but calls the success callback if provided' do
+          channel.once(:attaching) do
+            channel.attach
+            channel.once(:attached) do
+              channel.attach do
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+            end
+          end
 
-      it 'ignores subsequent #attach calls but calls the success callback if provided' do
-        channel.once(:attaching) do
           channel.attach
-          channel.once(:attached) do
+        end
+
+        it 'attaches to a channel' do
+          channel.attach
+          channel.on(:attached) do
+            expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
+            stop_reactor
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'attaches to a channel and calls the provided block (#RTL4d)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
+            stop_reactor
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'sends an ATTACH and waits for an ATTACHED (#RTL4c)' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            attach_count = 0
+            attached_count = 0
+            test_complete = false
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
+              next if test_complete
+              attached_count += 1 if protocol_message.action == :attached
+            end
+            client.connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
+              next if test_complete
+              attach_count += 1 if protocol_message.action == :attach
+            end
             channel.attach do
-              stop_reactor
+              EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
+                test_complete = true
+                expect(attach_count).to eql(1)
+                expect(attached_count).to eql(1)
+                stop_reactor
+              end
             end
           end
         end
 
-        channel.attach
-      end
-
-      it 'attaches to a channel' do
-        channel.attach
-        channel.on(:attached) do
-          expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
-          stop_reactor
+        it 'implicitly attaches the channel (#RTL7c)' do
+          expect(channel).to be_initialized
+          channel.subscribe { |message| }
+          channel.once(:attached) do
+            stop_reactor
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      it 'attaches to a channel and calls the provided block' do
-        channel.attach do
-          expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
-          stop_reactor
+        context 'when the implicit channel attach fails' do
+          let(:allowed_params) do
+            { capability: { "*" => ["*"] } }
+          end
+          let(:not_allowed_params) do
+            { capability: { "only_this_channel" => ["*"] } }
+          end
+          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(default_token_params: not_allowed_params, use_token_auth: true, log_level: :fatal) }
+
+          it 'registers the listener anyway (#RTL7c)' do
+            channel.subscribe do |message|
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+            channel.once(:failed) do
+              client.auth.authorize(allowed_params) do
+                channel.attach do
+                  channel.publish 'foo'
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -79,7 +141,7 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         stop_reactor
       end
 
-      it 'calls the SafeDeferrable callback on success' do
+      it 'calls the SafeDeferrable callback on success (#RTL4d)' do
         channel.attach.callback do
           expect(channel).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel)
           expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
@@ -87,32 +149,92 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
       end
 
+      context 'when an ATTACHED acknowledge is not received on the current connection' do
+        # As soon as the client sends the ATTACH on a CONNECTED connection
+        # simulate a transport failure that triggers the DISCONNECTED state twice
+        it 'sends another ATTACH each time the connection becomes connected' do
+          attached_messages = []
+          client.connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.on(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
+            if protocol_message.action == :attach
+              attached_messages << protocol_message
+              if attached_messages.count < 3
+                EventMachine.next_tick do
+                  disconnect_transport
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            connection.once(:disconnected) do
+              expect(attached_messages.count).to eql(1)
+              connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                expect(attached_messages.count).to eql(2)
+                connection.once(:connected) do
+                  EventMachine.add_timer(0.1) do
+                    expect(attached_messages.count).to eql(3)
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+            channel.attach
+          end
+
+          channel.once(:attached) do
+            EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
+              expect(attached_messages.count).to eql(3)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when state is :attached' do
+        it 'does nothing (#RTL4a)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            stopping = false
+            client.connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.once(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
+              raise "No outgoing messages should be sent as already ATTACHED" unless stopping
+            end
+            5.times do |index|
+              EventMachine.add_timer(0.2 * index) { channel.attach }
+            end
+            EventMachine.add_timer(1.5) do
+              stopping = true
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
       context 'when state is :failed' do
         let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
 
-        it 'reattaches' do
+        it 'reattaches and sets the errorReason to nil (#RTL4g)' do
           channel.attach do
-            channel.once(:failed) do
-              expect(channel).to be_failed
-              channel.attach do
-                expect(channel).to be_attached
-                stop_reactor
-              end
-            end
             channel.transition_state_machine :failed, reason: RuntimeError.new
+            expect(channel).to be_failed
+            expect(channel.error_reason).to_not be_nil
+            channel.attach do
+              expect(channel).to be_attached
+              expect(channel.error_reason).to be_nil
+              stop_reactor
+            end
           end
         end
       end
 
       context 'when state is :detaching' do
-        it 'moves straight to attaching and skips detached' do
+        it 'does the attach operation after the completion of the pending request (#RTL4h)' do
           channel.once(:detaching) do
-            channel.once(:detached) { raise 'Detach should not have been reached' }
-
-            channel.once(:attaching) do
-              channel.once(:attached) do
-                channel.off
-                stop_reactor
+            channel.once(:detached) do
+              channel.once(:attaching) do
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
+                    expect(channel).to be_attached
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
               end
             end
 
@@ -149,12 +271,21 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
       end
 
       context 'failure as a result of insufficient key permissions' do
+        let(:auth_options) do
+          default_options.merge(
+            key: restricted_api_key,
+            log_level: :fatal,
+            use_token_auth: true,
+            # TODO: Use wildcard / default when intersection issue resolved, realtime#780
+            default_token_params: { capability: { "canpublish:foo" => ["publish"] } }
+          )
+        end
         let(:restricted_client) do
-          auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(key: restricted_api_key, log_level: :fatal))
+          auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(auth_options)
         end
-        let(:restricted_channel) { restricted_client.channel("cannot_subscribe") }
+        let(:restricted_channel) { restricted_client.channel("cansubscribe:foo") }
 
-        it 'emits failed event' do
+        it 'emits failed event (#RTL4e)' do
           restricted_channel.attach
           restricted_channel.on(:failed) do |connection_state|
             expect(restricted_channel.state).to eq(:failed)
@@ -163,7 +294,7 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
 
-        it 'calls the errback of the returned Deferrable' do
+        it 'calls the errback of the returned Deferrable (#RTL4d)' do
           restricted_channel.attach.errback do |error|
             expect(restricted_channel.state).to eq(:failed)
             expect(error.status).to eq(401)
@@ -171,15 +302,6 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
 
-        it 'emits an error event' do
-          restricted_channel.attach
-          restricted_channel.on(:error) do |error|
-            expect(restricted_channel.state).to eq(:failed)
-            expect(error.status).to eq(401)
-            stop_reactor
-          end
-        end
-
         it 'updates the error_reason' do
           restricted_channel.attach
           restricted_channel.on(:failed) do
@@ -193,10 +315,8 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
             restricted_channel.attach
             restricted_channel.once(:failed) do
               restricted_client.close do
-                # A direct call to #authorise is synchronous
-                restricted_client.auth.authorise({}, key: api_key)
-
-                restricted_client.connect do
+                token_params = { capability: { "cansubscribe:foo" => ["subscribe"] } }
+                restricted_client.auth.authorize(token_params) do
                   restricted_channel.once(:attached) do
                     expect(restricted_channel.error_reason).to be_nil
                     stop_reactor
@@ -208,98 +328,149 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    describe '#detach' do
-      it 'detaches from a channel' do
-        channel.attach do
-          channel.detach
-          channel.on(:detached) do
-            expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+      context 'with connection state' do
+        it 'is initialized (#RTL4i)' do
+          expect(connection).to be_initialized
+          channel.attach do
             stop_reactor
           end
         end
-      end
 
-      it 'detaches from a channel and calls the provided block' do
-        channel.attach do
-          expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
-          channel.detach do
-            expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
-            stop_reactor
+        it 'is connecting (#RTL4i)' do
+          connection.once(:connecting) do
+            channel.attach do
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'is disconnected (#RTL4i)' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            connection.once(:disconnected) do
+              channel.attach do
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+            end
+            disconnect_transport
           end
         end
       end
+    end
 
-      it 'emits :detaching then :detached events' do
-        channel.once(:detaching) do
-          channel.once(:detached) do
-            stop_reactor
+    describe '#detach' do
+      context 'when state is :attached' do
+        it 'it detaches from a channel (#RTL5d)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.detach
+            channel.on(:detached) do
+              expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        channel.attach do
-          channel.detach
+        it 'detaches from a channel and calls the provided block (#RTL5d, #RTL5e)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            expect(channel.state).to eq(:attached)
+            channel.detach do
+              expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      it 'returns a SafeDeferrable that catches exceptions in callbacks and logs them' do
-        channel.attach do
-          expect(channel.detach).to be_a(Ably::Util::SafeDeferrable)
-          stop_reactor
+        it 'emits :detaching then :detached events' do
+          channel.once(:detaching) do
+            channel.once(:detached) do
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.detach
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      it 'calls the Deferrable callback on success' do
-        channel.attach do
-          channel.detach.callback do
-            expect(channel).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel)
-            expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+        it 'returns a SafeDeferrable that catches exceptions in callbacks and logs them' do
+          channel.attach do
+            expect(channel.detach).to be_a(Ably::Util::SafeDeferrable)
             stop_reactor
           end
         end
+
+        it 'calls the Deferrable callback on success' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.detach.callback do
+              expect(channel).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel)
+              expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'and DETACHED message is not received within realtime request timeout' do
+          let(:request_timeout) { 2 }
+          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(realtime_request_timeout: request_timeout) }
+
+          it 'fails the deferrable and returns to the previous state (#RTL5f, #RTL5e)' do
+            channel.attach do
+              # don't process any incoming ProtocolMessages so the channel never becomes detached
+              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+              detached_requested_at = Time.now.to_i
+              channel.detach do
+                raise "The detach should not succeed if no incoming protocol messages are processed"
+              end.errback do
+                expect(channel).to be_attached
+                expect(Time.now.to_i - detached_requested_at).to be_within(1).of(request_timeout)
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       context 'when state is :failed' do
         let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
 
-        it 'raises an exception' do
+        it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL5b)' do
           channel.attach do
             channel.transition_state_machine :failed, reason: RuntimeError.new
             expect(channel).to be_failed
-            expect { channel.detach }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange
-            stop_reactor
+            channel.detach.errback do |error|
+              expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
           end
         end
       end
 
       context 'when state is :attaching' do
-        it 'moves straight to :detaching state and skips :attached' do
-          channel.once(:attaching) do
-            channel.once(:attached) { raise 'Attached should never be reached' }
-
-            channel.once(:detaching) do
-              channel.once(:detached) do
-                stop_reactor
+        it 'waits for the attach to complete and then moves to detached' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            channel.once(:attaching) do
+              reached_attached = false
+              channel.once(:attached) do
+                channel.once(:detached) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
+              channel.detach
             end
-
-            channel.detach
+            channel.attach
           end
-
-          channel.attach
         end
       end
 
       context 'when state is :detaching' do
-        it 'ignores subsequent #detach calls but calls the callback if provided' do
+        it 'ignores subsequent #detach calls but calls the callback if provided (#RTL5i)' do
           channel.once(:detaching) do
-            channel.detach
             channel.once(:detached) do
               channel.detach do
                 stop_reactor
               end
             end
+            channel.detach
           end
 
           channel.attach do
@@ -308,8 +479,28 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
       end
 
+      context 'when state is :suspended' do
+        it 'moves the channel state immediately to DETACHED state (#RTL5j)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.once(:suspended) do
+              channel.on do |channel_state_change|
+                expect(channel_state_change.current).to eq(:detached)
+                expect(channel.state).to eq(:detached)
+                EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+              EventMachine.next_tick do
+                channel.detach
+              end
+            end
+            channel.transition_state_machine :suspended
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
       context 'when state is :initialized' do
-        it 'does nothing as there is no channel to detach' do
+        it 'does nothing as there is no channel to detach (#RTL5a)' do
           expect(channel).to be_initialized
           channel.detach do
             expect(channel).to be_initialized
@@ -325,14 +516,210 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
       end
+
+      context 'when state is :detached' do
+        it 'does nothing as the channel is detached (#RTL5a)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.detach do
+              expect(channel).to be_detached
+              channel.on do
+                raise "Channel state should not change when calling detached if already detached"
+              end
+              channel.detach do
+                EventMachine.add_timer(1) { stop_reactor }
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when connection state is' do
+        context 'closing' do
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL5b)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.attach do
+                connection.once(:closing) do
+                  channel.detach.errback do |error|
+                    expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
+                connection.close
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'failed and channel is failed' do
+          let(:client_options) do
+            default_options.merge(log_level: :none)
+          end
+
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL5b)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.attach do
+                connection.once(:failed) do
+                  expect(channel).to be_failed
+                  channel.detach.errback do |error|
+                    expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
+                error = Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed.new('forced failure', 500, 50000)
+                client.connection.manager.error_received_from_server error
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'failed and channel is detached' do
+          let(:client_options) do
+            default_options.merge(log_level: :none)
+          end
+
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL5b)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.attach do
+                channel.detach do
+                  connection.once(:failed) do
+                    expect(channel).to be_detached
+                    channel.detach.errback do |error|
+                      expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                      stop_reactor
+                    end
+                  end
+                  error = Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed.new('forced failure', 500, 50000)
+                  client.connection.manager.error_received_from_server error
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'initialized' do
+          it 'does the detach operation once the connection state is connected (#RTL5h)' do
+            expect(connection).to be_initialized
+            channel.attach
+            channel.detach
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.once(:attached) do
+                channel.once(:detached) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'connecting' do
+          it 'does the detach operation once the connection state is connected (#RTL5h)' do
+            connection.once(:connecting) do
+              channel.attach
+              channel.detach
+              connection.once(:connected) do
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  channel.once(:detached) do
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'disconnected' do
+          let(:client_options) do
+            default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal)
+          end
+          it 'does the detach operation once the connection state is connected (#RTL5h)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                channel.attach
+                channel.detach
+                connection.once(:connected) do
+                  channel.once(:attached) do
+                    channel.once(:detached) do
+                      stop_reactor
+                    end
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+              disconnect_transport
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
 
-    describe 'channel recovery in :attaching state' do
-      context 'the transport is disconnected before the ATTACHED protocol message is received' do
-        skip 'attach times out and fails if not ATTACHED protocol message received'
-        skip 'channel is ATTACHED if ATTACHED protocol message is later received'
-        skip 'sends an ATTACH protocol message in response to a channel message being received on the attaching channel'
+    describe 'automatic channel recovery' do
+      let(:realtime_request_timeout) { 2 }
+      let(:client_options) do
+        default_options.merge(realtime_request_timeout: 2, log_level: :fatal)
       end
+
+      context 'when an ATTACH request times out' do
+        it 'moves to the SUSPENDED state (#RTL4f)' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            attach_request_sent_at = Time.now
+            channel.attach
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+            channel.once(:suspended) do
+              expect(attach_request_sent_at.to_i).to be_within(realtime_request_timeout + 1).of(Time.now.to_i)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'if a subsequent ATTACHED is received on an ATTACHED channel' do
+        it 'ignores the additional ATTACHED if resumed is true (#RTL12)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.once do |obj|
+              fail "No state change expected: #{obj}"
+            end
+            attached_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 11, channel: channel_name, flags: 4) # ATTACHED with resumed flag
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, attached_message
+            EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
+              channel.off
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'emits an UPDATE only when resumed is true (#RTL12)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            expect(channel.error_reason).to be_nil
+            channel.on(:update) do |state_change|
+              expect(state_change.current).to eq(:attached)
+              expect(state_change.previous).to eq(:attached)
+              expect(state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+              expect(state_change.reason).to be_nil
+              expect(channel.error_reason).to be_nil
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+            attached_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 11, channel: channel_name, flags: 0) # No resumed flag
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, attached_message
+          end
+        end
+
+        it 'emits an UPDATE when resumed is true and includes the reason error from the ProtocolMessage (#RTL12)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            expect(channel.error_reason).to be_nil
+            channel.on(:update) do |state_change|
+              expect(state_change.current).to eq(:attached)
+              expect(state_change.previous).to eq(:attached)
+              expect(state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+              expect(state_change.reason.code).to eql(50505)
+              expect(channel.error_reason.code).to eql(50505)
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+            attached_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 11, channel: channel_name, error: { code: 50505 }, flags: 0) # No resumed flag with error
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, attached_message
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # skip 'sends an ATTACH protocol message in response to a channel message being received on the attaching channel'
     end
 
     context '#publish' do
@@ -369,7 +756,7 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
             # All 3 messages should be batched into a single Protocol Message by the client library
             # message.id = "{protocol_message.id}:{protocol_message_index}"
             # Check that all messages share the same protocol_message.id
-            message_id = messages.map { |msg| msg.id.split(':')[0] }
+            message_id = messages.map { |msg| msg.id.split(':')[0...-1].join(':') }
             expect(message_id.uniq.count).to eql(1)
 
             # Check that messages use index 0,1,2 in the ID
@@ -383,32 +770,38 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           let(:client_options)  { default_options.merge(queue_messages: false) }
 
           context 'and connection state initialized' do
-            it 'raises an exception' do
-              expect { channel.publish('event') }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled
+            it 'fails the deferrable' do
               expect(client.connection).to be_initialized
-              stop_reactor
+              channel.publish('event').errback do |error|
+                expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled)
+                stop_reactor
+              end
             end
           end
 
           context 'and connection state connecting' do
-            it 'raises an exception' do
+            it 'fails the deferrable' do
               client.connect
               EventMachine.next_tick do
-                expect { channel.publish('event') }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled
                 expect(client.connection).to be_connecting
-                stop_reactor
+                channel.publish('event').errback do |error|
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
             end
           end
 
           context 'and connection state disconnected' do
-            let(:client_options)  { default_options.merge(queue_messages: false, :log_level => :error ) }
-            it 'raises an exception' do
+            let(:client_options)  { default_options.merge(queue_messages: false) }
+            it 'fails the deferrable' do
               client.connection.once(:connected) do
                 client.connection.once(:disconnected) do
-                  expect { channel.publish('event') }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled
                   expect(client.connection).to be_disconnected
-                  stop_reactor
+                  channel.publish('event').errback do |error|
+                    expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::MessageQueueingDisabled)
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
                 end
                 client.connection.transition_state_machine :disconnected
               end
@@ -449,6 +842,15 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
             end
           end
         end
+
+        context 'and additional invalid attributes' do
+          let(:client_id) { 1 }
+
+          it 'throws an exception' do
+            expect { channel.publish([name: 'event', client_id: 1]) }.to raise_error ArgumentError, /client_id must be a String/
+            stop_reactor
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       context 'with an array of Hash objects with :name and :data attributes' do
@@ -698,6 +1100,13 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
             end
           end
 
+          context 'with a non-String client_id in the message' do
+            it 'throws an exception' do
+              expect { channel.publish([name: 'event', client_id: 1]) }.to raise_error ArgumentError, /client_id must be a String/
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+
           context 'with an empty client_id in the message' do
             it 'succeeds and publishes without a client_id' do
               channel.publish([name: 'event', client_id: nil]).tap do |deferrable|
@@ -915,7 +1324,9 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
 
         it 'logs the error and continues' do
           emitted_exception = false
-          expect(client.logger).to receive(:error).with(/#{exception.message}/)
+          expect(client.logger).to receive(:error) do |*args, &block|
+            expect(args.concat([block ? block.call : nil]).join(',')).to match(/#{exception.message}/)
+          end
           channel.subscribe('click') do |message|
             emitted_exception = true
             raise exception
@@ -988,36 +1399,42 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           client.connection.manager.error_received_from_server error
         end
 
-        context 'an :attached channel' do
-          it 'transitions state to :failed' do
-            channel.attach do
-              channel.on(:failed) do |connection_state_change|
-                error = connection_state_change.reason
-                expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed)
-                expect(error.code).to eql(80002)
-                stop_reactor
+        context 'an :attaching channel' do
+          it 'transitions state to :failed (#RTL3a)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.once(:attaching) do
+                channel.on(:failed) do |connection_state_change|
+                  error = connection_state_change.reason
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed)
+                  expect(error.code).to eql(50000)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+                fake_error connection_error
               end
-              fake_error connection_error
+              channel.attach
             end
           end
+        end
 
-          it 'emits an error event on the channel' do
+        context 'an :attached channel' do
+          it 'transitions state to :failed (#RTL3a)' do
             channel.attach do
-              channel.on(:error) do |error|
+              channel.on(:failed) do |connection_state_change|
+                error = connection_state_change.reason
                 expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed)
-                expect(error.code).to eql(80002)
+                expect(error.code).to eql(50000)
                 stop_reactor
               end
               fake_error connection_error
             end
           end
 
-          it 'updates the channel error_reason' do
+          it 'updates the channel error_reason (#RTL3a)' do
             channel.attach do
               channel.on(:failed) do |connection_state_change|
                 error = connection_state_change.reason
                 expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed)
-                expect(error.code).to eql(80002)
+                expect(error.code).to eql(50000)
                 stop_reactor
               end
               fake_error connection_error
@@ -1026,10 +1443,9 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
 
         context 'a :detached channel' do
-          it 'remains in the :detached state' do
+          it 'remains in the :detached state (#RTL3a)' do
             channel.attach do
               channel.on(:failed) { raise 'Failed state should not have been reached' }
-              channel.on(:error)  { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
               channel.detach do
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
@@ -1046,11 +1462,10 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         context 'a :failed channel' do
           let(:original_error) { RuntimeError.new }
 
-          it 'remains in the :failed state and ignores the failure error' do
+          it 'remains in the :failed state and ignores the failure error (#RTL3a)' do
             channel.attach do
-              channel.on(:error) do
+              channel.on(:failed) do
                 channel.on(:failed) { raise 'Failed state should not have been reached' }
-                channel.on(:error)  { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                   expect(channel).to be_failed
@@ -1067,11 +1482,13 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
 
         context 'a channel ATTACH request' do
-          it 'raises an exception' do
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL4b)' do
             client.connect do
               client.connection.once(:failed) do
-                expect { channel.attach }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange
-                stop_reactor
+                channel.attach.errback do |error|
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
               fake_error connection_error
             end
@@ -1081,7 +1498,7 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
 
       context ':closed' do
         context 'an :attached channel' do
-          it 'transitions state to :detached' do
+          it 'transitions state to :detached (#RTL3b)' do
             channel.attach do
               channel.on(:detached) do
                 stop_reactor
@@ -1091,12 +1508,26 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
 
+        context 'an :attaching channel (#RTL3b)' do
+          it 'transitions state to :detached' do
+            channel.on(:attaching) do
+              channel.on(:detached) do
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+              client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+              client.connection.close
+              closed_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 8) # CLOSED
+              client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, closed_message
+            end
+            channel.attach
+          end
+        end
+
         context 'a :detached channel' do
-          it 'remains in the :detached state' do
+          it 'remains in the :detached state (#RTL3b)' do
             channel.attach do
               channel.detach do
                 channel.on(:detached) { raise 'Detached state should not have been reached' }
-                channel.on(:error)    { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                   expect(channel).to be_detached
@@ -1113,11 +1544,10 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           let(:client_options)   { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
           let(:original_error) { Ably::Models::ErrorInfo.new(message: 'Error') }
 
-          it 'remains in the :failed state and retains the error_reason' do
+          it 'remains in the :failed state and retains the error_reason (#RTL3b)' do
             channel.attach do
-              channel.once(:error) do
+              channel.once(:failed) do
                 channel.on(:detached) { raise 'Detached state should not have been reached' }
-                channel.on(:error)    { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                   expect(channel).to be_failed
@@ -1134,11 +1564,13 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
 
         context 'a channel ATTACH request when connection CLOSED' do
-          it 'raises an exception' do
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL4b)' do
             client.connect do
               client.connection.once(:closed) do
-                expect { channel.attach }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange
-                stop_reactor
+                channel.attach.errback do |error|
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
               client.close
             end
@@ -1146,11 +1578,13 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
         end
 
         context 'a channel ATTACH request when connection CLOSING' do
-          it 'raises an exception' do
+          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTL4b)' do
             client.connect do
               client.connection.once(:closing) do
-                expect { channel.attach }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange
-                stop_reactor
+                channel.attach.errback do |error|
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
               client.close
             end
@@ -1159,25 +1593,48 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
       end
 
       context ':suspended' do
-        context 'an :attached channel' do
-          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
+        context 'an :attaching channel' do
+          it 'transitions state to :suspended (#RTL3c)' do
+            channel.on(:attaching) do
+              channel.on(:suspended) do
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+              client.connection.once_or_if(:connecting) do
+                client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
+              end
+            end
+            channel.attach
+          end
+        end
 
-          it 'transitions state to :detached' do
+        context 'an :attached channel' do
+          it 'transitions state to :suspended (#RTL3c)' do
             channel.attach do
-              channel.on(:detached) do
+              channel.on(:suspended) do
                 stop_reactor
               end
               client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
             end
           end
+
+          it 'transitions state automatically to :attaching once the connection is re-established (#RTN15c3)' do
+            channel.attach do
+              channel.on(:suspended) do
+                client.connection.connect
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+              client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
+            end
+          end
         end
 
         context 'a :detached channel' do
-          it 'remains in the :detached state' do
+          it 'remains in the :detached state (#RTL3c)' do
             channel.attach do
               channel.detach do
                 channel.on(:detached) { raise 'Detached state should not have been reached' }
-                channel.on(:error)    { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                   expect(channel).to be_detached
@@ -1194,11 +1651,10 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           let(:original_error) { RuntimeError.new }
           let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
 
-          it 'remains in the :failed state and retains the error_reason' do
+          it 'remains in the :failed state and retains the error_reason (#RTL3c)' do
             channel.attach do
-              channel.once(:error) do
+              channel.once(:failed) do
                 channel.on(:detached) { raise 'Detached state should not have been reached' }
-                channel.on(:error)    { raise 'Error should not have been emitted' }
 
                 EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                   expect(channel).to be_failed
@@ -1214,18 +1670,140 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
           end
         end
 
-        context 'a channel ATTACH request when connection SUSPENDED' do
+        context 'a channel ATTACH request when connection SUSPENDED (#RTL4b)' do
           let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
 
-          it 'raises an exception' do
+          it 'fails the deferrable' do
             client.connect do
               client.connection.once(:suspended) do
-                expect { channel.attach }.to raise_error Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange
-                stop_reactor
+                channel.attach.errback do |error|
+                  expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+              client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context ':connected' do
+        context 'a :suspended channel' do
+          it 'is automatically reattached (#RTL3d)' do
+            channel.attach do
+              channel.once(:suspended) do
+                client.connection.connect
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
               end
               client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
             end
           end
+
+          context 'when re-attach attempt fails' do
+            let(:client_options) do
+              default_options.merge(realtime_request_timeout: 2, log_level: :fatal)
+            end
+
+            it 'returns to a suspended state (#RTL3d)' do
+              channel.attach do
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  fail "Channel should not have become attached"
+                end
+
+                channel.once(:suspended) do
+                  client.connection.connect
+                  channel.once(:attaching) do
+                    # don't process any incoming ProtocolMessages so the connection never opens
+                    client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+                    channel.once(:suspended) do |state_change|
+                      expect(state_change.reason.code).to eql(90007)
+                      stop_reactor
+                    end
+                  end
+                end
+                client.connection.transition_state_machine :suspended
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context ':disconnected' do
+        context 'with an initialized channel' do
+          it 'has no effect on the channel states (#RTL3e)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              expect(channel).to be_initialized
+              connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                expect(channel).to be_initialized
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+              disconnect_transport
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'with an attaching channel' do
+          it 'has no effect on the channel states (#RTL3e)' do
+            connection.once(:connected) do
+              channel.once(:attaching) do
+                connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                  expect(channel).to be_attaching
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+                disconnect_transport
+              end
+              channel.attach
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'with an attached channel' do
+          it 'has no effect on the channel states (#RTL3e)' do
+            channel.attach do
+              connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                expect(channel).to be_attached
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+              disconnect_transport
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'with a detached channel' do
+          it 'has no effect on the channel states (#RTL3e)' do
+            channel.attach do
+              channel.detach do
+                connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                  expect(channel).to be_detached
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+                disconnect_transport
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'with a failed channel' do
+          let(:client_options) do
+            default_options.merge(
+              default_token_params: { capability: { "foo" =>["*"] } },
+              use_token_auth: true,
+              log_level: :fatal
+            )
+          end
+
+          it 'has no effect on the channel states (#RTL3e)' do
+            channel.once(:failed) do
+              connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                expect(channel).to be_failed
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+              disconnect_transport
+            end
+            channel.attach
+          end
         end
       end
     end
@@ -1249,6 +1827,7 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
       context 'ChannelStateChange object' do
         it 'has current state' do
           channel.on(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+            expect(channel_state_change.current).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel::STATE)
             expect(channel_state_change.current).to eq(:attached)
             stop_reactor
           end
@@ -1257,12 +1836,22 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
 
         it 'has a previous state' do
           channel.on(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+            expect(channel_state_change.previous).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel::STATE)
             expect(channel_state_change.previous).to eq(:attaching)
             stop_reactor
           end
           channel.attach
         end
 
+        it 'has the event that generated the state change (#TA5)' do
+          channel.on(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+            expect(channel_state_change.event).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Channel::EVENT)
+            expect(channel_state_change.event).to eq(:attached)
+            stop_reactor
+          end
+          channel.attach
+        end
+
         it 'contains a private API protocol_message attribute that is used for special state change events', :api_private do
           channel.on(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
             expect(channel_state_change.protocol_message).to be_a(Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage)
@@ -1296,6 +1885,266 @@ describe Ably::Realtime::Channel, :event_machine do
             end
           end
         end
+
+        context '#resume (#RTL2f)' do
+          it 'is false when a channel first attaches' do
+            channel.attach
+            channel.on(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+              expect(channel_state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+              stop_reactor
+            end
+          end
+
+          it 'is true when a connection is recovered and the channel is attached' do
+            channel.attach
+            channel.once(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+              connection_id = client.connection.id
+              expect(channel_state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+
+              recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options.merge(recover: client.connection.recovery_key))
+              recover_client.connection.once(:connected) do
+                expect(recover_client.connection.id).to eql(connection_id)
+                recover_channel = recover_client.channels.get(channel_name)
+                recover_channel.attach
+                recover_channel.once(:attached) do |recover_channel_state_change|
+                  expect(recover_channel_state_change.resumed).to be_truthy
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          it 'is false when a connection fails to recover and the channel is attached' do
+            client.connection.once(:connected) do
+              recovery_key = client.connection.recovery_key
+              client.connection.once(:closed) do
+                recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options.merge(recover: recovery_key, log_level: :error))
+                recover_client.connection.once(:connected) do
+                  recover_channel = recover_client.channels.get(channel_name)
+                  recover_channel.attach
+                  recover_channel.once(:attached) do |recover_channel_state_change|
+                    expect(recover_channel_state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+
+              client.close
+            end
+          end
+
+          context 'when a resume fails' do
+            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :error) }
+
+            it 'is false when a resume fails to recover and the channel is automatically re-attached' do
+              channel.attach do
+                connection_id = client.connection.id
+                channel.once(:attached) do |channel_state_change|
+                  expect(client.connection.id).to_not eql(connection_id)
+                  expect(channel_state_change.resumed).to be_falsey
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+                client.connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
+                client.connection.configure_new '0123456789abcdef', 'wVIsgTHAB1UvXh7z-1991d8586', -1 # force the resume connection key to be invalid
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'moves to' do
+        %w(suspended detached failed).each do |channel_state|
+          context(channel_state) do
+            specify 'all queued messages fail with NACK (#RTL11)' do
+              channel.attach do
+                # Move to disconnected
+                disconnect_transport_proc = Proc.new do
+                  if connection.transport
+                    connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
+                  else
+                    EventMachine.next_tick { disconnect_transport_proc.call }
+                  end
+                end
+                disconnect_transport_proc.call
+
+                connection.on(:connecting) { disconnect_transport_proc.call }
+
+                connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                  channel.publish("foo").errback do |error|
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                  channel.transition_state_machine channel_state.to_sym
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            specify 'all published messages awaiting an ACK do nothing (#RTL11a)' do
+              connection_been_disconnected = false
+
+              channel.attach do
+                deferrable = channel.publish("foo")
+                deferrable.errback do |error|
+                  fail "Message publish should not fail"
+                end
+                deferrable.callback do |error|
+                  EventMachine.add_timer(0.5) do
+                    expect(connection_been_disconnected).to be_truthy
+                    stop_reactor
+                  end
+                end
+
+                # Allow 5ms for message to be sent into the socket TCP/IP stack
+                EventMachine.add_timer(0.005) do
+                  connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
+                  connection.once(:disconnected) do
+                    connection_been_disconnected = true
+                    channel.transition_state_machine channel_state.to_sym
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when it receives a server-initiated DETACHED (#RTL13)' do
+      let(:detached_action) { 13 }
+
+      context 'and channel is initialized (#RTL13)' do
+        it 'does nothing' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            channel.on { raise 'Channel state should not change' }
+
+            detach_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: detached_action, channel: channel_name)
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, detach_message
+
+            EventMachine.add_timer(1) { stop_reactor }
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'and channel is failed' do
+        let(:client_options) {
+          default_options.merge(
+            use_token_auth: true,
+            default_token_params: { capability: { "foo" => ["publish"] } },
+            log_level: :fatal
+          )
+        }
+
+        it 'does nothing (#RTL13)' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            channel.attach
+            channel.once(:failed) do
+              channel.on { raise 'Channel state should not change' }
+
+              detach_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: detached_action, channel: channel_name)
+              client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, detach_message
+
+              EventMachine.add_timer(1) { stop_reactor }
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'and channel is attached' do
+        it 'reattaches immediately (#RTL13a)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.once(:attaching) do |state_change|
+              expect(state_change.reason.code).to eql(50505)
+              channel.once(:attached) do
+                stop_reactor
+              end
+            end
+
+            detach_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: detached_action, channel: channel_name, error: { code: 50505 })
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, detach_message
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'and channel is suspended' do
+        it 'reattaches immediately (#RTL13a)' do
+          channel.attach do
+            channel.once(:suspended) do
+              channel.once(:attaching) do |state_change|
+                expect(state_change.reason.code).to eql(50505)
+                channel.once(:attached) do
+                  stop_reactor
+                end
+              end
+
+              detach_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: detached_action, channel: channel_name, error: { code: 50505 })
+              client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, detach_message
+            end
+
+            channel.transition_state_machine! :suspended
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'and channel is attaching' do
+        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(channel_retry_timeout: 2, realtime_request_timeout: 1, log_level: :fatal) }
+
+        it 'will move to the SUSPENDED state and then attempt to ATTACH with the ATTACHING state (#RTL13b)' do
+          connection.once(:connected) do
+            # Prevent any incoming or outgoing ATTACH/ATTACHED message from Ably
+            prevent_protocol_messages_proc = Proc.new do
+              if client.connection.transport
+                client.connection.transport.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+                client.connection.transport.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
+              else
+                EventMachine.next_tick { prevent_protocol_messages_proc.call }
+              end
+            end
+            prevent_protocol_messages_proc.call
+          end
+
+          channel.once(:attaching) do
+            attaching_at = Time.now
+            # First attaching fails during server-initiated ATTACHED received
+            channel.once(:suspended) do |state_change|
+              expect(Time.now.to_i - attaching_at.to_i).to be_within(1).of(1)
+
+              suspended_at = Time.now
+              # Automatic attach happens at channel_retry_timeout
+              channel.once(:attaching) do
+                expect(Time.now.to_i - attaching_at.to_i).to be_within(1).of(2)
+                channel.once(:suspended) do
+                  channel.once(:attaching) do
+                    channel.once(:attached) do
+                      stop_reactor
+                    end
+                    # Simulate ATTACHED from Ably
+                    attached_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 11, channel: channel_name) # ATTACHED
+                    client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, attached_message
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            detach_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: detached_action, channel: channel_name)
+            client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, detach_message
+          end
+          channel.attach
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when it receives an ERROR ProtocolMessage' do
+      let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) }
+
+      it 'should transition to the failed state and the error_reason should be set (#RTL14)' do
+        channel.attach do
+          channel.once(:failed) do |state_change|
+            expect(state_change.reason.code).to eql(50505)
+            expect(channel.error_reason.code).to eql(50505)
+            stop_reactor
+          end
+          error_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 9, channel: channel_name, error: { code: 50505 }) # ProtocolMessage ERROR type
+          client.connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, error_message
+        end
       end
     end
   end