WeightedSelection 1.0.0

data/CHANGELOG

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+weightselect (1.0.0)
+
+  [ Blaine Cook ]
+  * initial import
+
+-- Blaine Cook <romeda@gmail.com>  Thu,  03 Aug 2006 03:09:42 -0800

data/COPYING

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
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data/README

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+= Name
+
+WeightedSelection - Weighted Randomized Selections
+
+= Synopsis
+
+Implements a simple method for obtaining weighted randomized selections very
+quickly. The selection object is simple to create, consumes very little
+memory, and will return in the worst case in O(n) time, where n is the
+number of possibilities.
+
+= Description
+
+See RDoc Documentation, available at weightedselect.rubyforge.org
+
+= Known Issues
+
+None - Please contribute bugs on RubyForge:
+http://rubyforge.org/projects/weightedselect
+
+= Copyright
+
+WeightedSelection - Weighted Randomized Selection
+Copyright 2006 Blaine Cook <romeda@gmail.com>.
+
+WeightedSelection is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+WeightedSelection is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with WeightedSelection; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

data/Rakefile

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+# WeightedSelection - Weighted Randomized Selections
+# Copyright 2006 Blaine Cook <romeda@gmail.com>.
+# 
+# WeightedSelection is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+# 
+# WeightedSelection is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+# 
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with WeightedSelection; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+
+require 'rubygems'
+Gem::manage_gems
+require 'rake/gempackagetask'
+require 'rake/testtask'
+require 'rake/rdoctask'
+require 'rcov/rcovtask'
+
+spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+  s.name = "WeightedSelection"
+  s.version = "1.0.0"
+  s.author = "Blaine Cook"
+  s.email = "romeda@gmail.com"
+  s.homepage = "http://weightedselect.rubyforge.org/"
+  s.platform = Gem::Platform::RUBY
+  s.summary = "A simple library for obtaining weighted randomized selections"
+  s.files = FileList["{test,lib}/**/*", '[A-Z]*'].exclude("rdoc", ".svn").to_a
+  s.require_path = "lib"
+  s.autorequire = "weighted_selection"
+  s.test_files = Dir.glob("test/test_*.rb")
+  s.has_rdoc = true
+  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README", "COPYING"]
+  s.rubyforge_project = "weightedselect"
+end
+
+
+Rake::GemPackageTask.new(spec) do |pkg|
+  pkg.gem_spec = spec
+  pkg.need_tar = true
+  pkg.need_zip = true
+end
+
+desc "Default Task"
+task :default => [:tests]
+
+desc "Run All Tests"
+Rake::TestTask.new :tests do |test|
+  test.test_files = ["test/**/*.rb"]
+  test.verbose = true
+end
+
+desc "Generate Documentation"
+Rake::RDocTask.new do |rdoc|
+  rdoc.main = "README"
+  rdoc.rdoc_dir = "doc"
+  rdoc.rdoc_files.include("README", "COPYING", "lib/*.rb")
+  rdoc.title = "WeightedSelection"
+end
+
+Rcov::RcovTask.new do |t|
+  t.test_files = FileList["test/**/test_*.rb"]
+  t.rcov_opts << "--sort coverage"
+end

data/lib/weighted_selection.rb

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+# Implements a simple method for obtaining weighted randomized selections very
+# quickly. The selection object is simple to create, consumes very little
+# memory, and will return in the worst case in O(n) time, where n is the
+# number of possibilities.
+#
+# Basic usage is simply:
+#
+#  selector = WeightedSelection.new( 'apple' => 1, 'orange' => 2, 'strawberry' => 7 )
+#  selector #=> 'apple', 'orange', or 'strawberry'
+# 
+# In the above example, we expect 'apple' to be returned on average once out
+# of every ten inspections of selector, 'orange' twice for every ten calls, and
+# 'strawberry' seven times for every ten calls. Since this is a randomized
+# selection, getting a very small selection may result in a pattern that doesn't
+# match the specified cumulative weights. However, on large selections we expect
+# relative result counts that will asymptotically approach the relative
+# weightings.
+#
+# The formatting of the weighted selections is extremely flexible. The simplest
+# form is expressed above, but it is worth noting that the weights are relative;
+# x => 100, y => 200, z => 700 is exactly equivalent to x => 1, y => 2, z => 7
+# in terms of generating a randomized selection.
+#
+# Another simple approach, if you'd prefer to avoid hashes, is to pass a nested
+# array of 2-element arrays (or, specifically, anything that responds to to_a),
+# like so:
+# 
+#  selector = WeightedSelection.new( [['a',1],['b',2]['c',3]] )
+#
+# For more complex situations where the selection weighting depends on context,
+# you can pass a Proc as the weight, which will be evaluated each time a
+# selection is made. For example:
+#
+#  factor = 0
+#  weight = Proc.new { factor += 1; }
+#  selector = WeightedSelection.new( 'a' => weight, 'b' => 1 )
+#  selector #=> factor = 1, 1/2 'a', 1/2 'b'
+#  selector #=> factor = 2, 2/3 'a', 1/3 'b'
+#  selector #=> factor = 3, 3/4 'a', 1/4 'b'
+#  selector #=> factor = 4, 4/5 'a', 1/5 'b'
+#  selector #=> factor = 5, 5/6 'a', 1/6 'b'
+#
+# ... and so on.
+#
+# Additionally, the selection object supports a delegate object that should
+# respond to a symbol provided as the weight, and return a Numeric weight for
+# the selection. A very contrived example:
+#
+#  class MyDelegate
+#    attr_accessor :x, :y, :z
+#    def initialize
+#      @x = 'rare'; @y = 'occasional'; @z = 'common'
+#    end
+#    def method_missing(methd)
+#      raise NameError unless methd.to_s.match('weight_for_(.)')
+#      freq = self.send($1) rescue nil
+#      case freq
+#      when 'rare': 0.1
+#      when 'occasional': 1
+#      when 'common': 10
+#      else 0
+#      end
+#    end
+#  end
+#  
+#  selector = WeightedSelection.new( 'x' => :weight_for_x, 'y' => :weight_for_y, 'z' => :weight_for_z )
+#  dlg = MyDelegate.new
+#  selector.delegate = dlg
+#  selector #=> 'x' < 1/100th of the time, 'y' < 1/10th of the time, 'z' < 9/10ths of the time 
+#  dlg.x = 'common'
+#  dlg.y = 'rare'
+#  selector #=> 'x' < 1/2 of the time, 'y' < 1/500th of the time, 'z' < 1/2 of the time
+#
+# It's worth noting that the randomization is dependent on Ruby's rand() method,
+# and additionally that WeightedSelection does *not* call srand() - if you want
+# to ensure a truly random selection, or if you want to ensure a predictable
+# selection order, you should call srand() before using WeightedSelection.
+# Additionally, WeightedSelection in its current form is almost certainly not
+# suitable for cryptographic use.
+
+class WeightedSelection
+
+  attr_accessor :selections
+  attr_accessor :delegate
+
+  def initialize(options)
+    @selections = []
+    self << options
+  end
+
+  def <<(options)
+    raise TypeError, "expected name-weight pairs" unless options.respond_to?(:to_a)
+    selections = options.to_a.find_all { |opt| opt.respond_to?(:to_a) and opt.to_a.flatten.size == 2 }
+    @selections.concat( selections )
+    @modified = true
+  end
+
+  def keys
+    @selections.map { |x| x[0] }
+  end
+
+  def selection
+    evaluate_delegates
+    sort_selections
+
+    cumulative = 0.0
+    selected = nil
+
+    @selections.each do |entry|
+      payload, weighting = entry
+      cumulative += weighting
+      selected = payload if (rand * cumulative) < weighting
+    end
+
+    return selected
+  end
+
+  alias :inspect :selection
+
+  private
+
+  def evaluate_delegates
+    return unless @modified
+    @selections.map! { |sel| [ sel[0], find_value(sel[1], sel[0]) ] }
+    @modified = false
+  end
+
+  def find_value(val, option)
+    rv = case val
+      when Numeric: val
+      when Proc: val.call
+      when Symbol
+        @delegate.send(val, option) if @delegate and @delegate.respond_to? val
+    end
+
+    rv || 0
+  end
+
+  def sort_selections
+    @selections.sort! { |a,b| a[1] <=> b[1] } if @modified
+    @modified = false
+  end
+
+end

data/test/unit/test_selections.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+require 'weighted_selection'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class DelegateResponder
+  def initialize(options)
+    @options = options
+  end
+
+  def the_first(option)
+    factor = option == :third ? 1000 : 1
+    return @options[:the_first].size * factor rescue nil
+  end
+
+  def the_second(option)
+    return @options[:the_second].size rescue nil
+  end
+end
+
+class WeightedSelectionTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  def test_new_from_hash
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => 1, :second => 2, :third => 3 } )
+    assert WeightedSelection, weight.class
+  end
+
+  def test_new_from_array
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( [[:first, 1], [:second, 2], [:third, 3]] )
+    assert WeightedSelection, weight.class
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_lambda
+    x = "fun"
+    y = "sun"
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => lambda { x == "fun" ? 1 : 0 },
+                                      :second => lambda { y == "sunny" ? 1 : 0 } } )
+    10.times { assert_equal :first, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_proc
+    x = "fun"
+    y = "sun"
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( :first => Proc.new { x == "fun" ? 1 : 0 },
+                                    :second => Proc.new { y == "sunny" ? 1 : 0 } )
+    10.times { assert_equal :first, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_delegate_symbol_values
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => :the_first, :second => :the_second } )
+    weight.delegate = DelegateResponder.new( :the_first => "a very long string indeed!" * 1000, :the_second => "short" )
+    10.times { assert_equal :first, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_delegate_sym_values_and_option
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => :the_first, :second => :the_second, :third => :the_first } )
+    weight.delegate = DelegateResponder.new( :the_first => "a very long string indeed!" * 1000, :the_second => "short" )
+    10.times { assert_equal :third, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_invalid_elements
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( ["hello", 1234, [:first, 1]] )
+    10.times { assert_equal :first, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_no_valid_elements
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( ["one", 2, :three, [1,2,3]])
+    10.times { assert_equal nil, weight.selection }
+  end
+
+  def test_weighted_outcome_with_percentages
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => 0.25, :second => 0.15, :third => 0.60 } )
+
+    counts = get_counts(weight)
+
+    tfr = counts[:third] / counts[:first].to_f
+    tsr = counts[:third] / counts[:second].to_f
+    sfr = counts[:second] / counts[:first].to_f
+
+    assert tfr < 2.64 and tfr > 2.16
+    assert tsr < 4.40 and tsr > 3.60
+    assert sfr < 0.66 and sfr > 0.54
+  end
+
+  def test_weighted_outcome_with_integers
+    weight = WeightedSelection.new( { :first => 1, :second => 2, :third => 10 } )
+
+    counts = get_counts(weight)
+
+    tfr = counts[:third] / counts[:first].to_f
+    tsr = counts[:third] / counts[:second].to_f
+    sfr = counts[:second] / counts[:first].to_f
+
+    assert tfr < 11 and tfr > 9
+    assert tsr < 5.5 and tsr > 4.5
+    assert sfr < 2.2 and sfr > 1.8
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def get_counts(weighter, iterations = 10000, attempts = 3)
+    zero_incr_counts = {}
+    weighter.keys.each { |x| zero_incr_counts[x] = 0 }
+
+    # Do the actual counts.
+    incr_counts = []
+    attempts.times do |i|
+      incr_counts[i] = zero_incr_counts.dup
+      iterations.times { incr_counts[i][ weighter.selection ] += 1 }
+    end
+
+    # Reduce attempt arrays to a single array.
+    counts = {}
+    attempts.times do |i|
+      incr_counts[i].each_pair do |selection,count|
+        counts[selection] ||= 0
+        counts[selection] += count
+      end
+    end
+    counts.keys.each { |x| counts[x] = counts[x]/attempts }
+
+    return counts
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification 
+rubygems_version: 0.8.11
+specification_version: 1
+name: WeightedSelection
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+  version: 1.0.0
+date: 2006-08-03 00:00:00 -07:00
+summary: A simple library for obtaining weighted randomized selections
+require_paths: 
+- lib
+email: romeda@gmail.com
+homepage: http://weightedselect.rubyforge.org/
+rubyforge_project: weightedselect
+description: 
+autorequire: weighted_selection
+default_executable: 
+bindir: bin
+has_rdoc: true
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version::Requirement 
+  requirements: 
+  - - ">"
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      version: 0.0.0
+  version: 
+platform: ruby
+signing_key: 
+cert_chain: 
+authors: 
+- Blaine Cook
+files: 
+- test/unit
+- test/unit/test_selections.rb
+- lib/weighted_selection.rb
+- CHANGELOG
+- COPYING
+- Rakefile
+- README
+test_files: []
+
+rdoc_options: []
+
+extra_rdoc_files: 
+- README
+- COPYING
+executables: []
+
+extensions: []
+
+requirements: []
+
+dependencies: []
+