ParseTree 3.0.1-x86-mingw32

data/lib/parse_tree_extensions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+class Method
+  def with_class_and_method_name
+    if self.inspect =~ /<Method: (.*)\#(.*)>/ then
+      klass = eval $1
+      method  = $2.intern
+      raise "Couldn't determine class from #{self.inspect}" if klass.nil?
+      return yield(klass, method)
+    else
+      raise "Can't parse signature: #{self.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_sexp
+    require 'parse_tree'
+    require 'unified_ruby'
+    parser = ParseTree.new(false)
+    unifier = Unifier.new
+    with_class_and_method_name do |klass, method|
+      old_sexp = parser.parse_tree_for_method(klass, method)
+      unifier.process(old_sexp) # HACK
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_ruby
+    sexp = self.to_sexp
+    Ruby2Ruby.new.process sexp
+  end
+end
+
+class ProcStoreTmp
+  @@n = 0
+  def self.new_name
+    @@n += 1
+    return :"myproc#{@@n}"
+  end
+end
+
+class UnboundMethod
+  def to_ruby
+    name = ProcStoreTmp.new_name
+    ProcStoreTmp.send(:define_method, name, self)
+    m = ProcStoreTmp.new.method(name)
+    result = m.to_ruby.sub(/def #{name}(?:\(([^\)]*)\))?/,
+                           'proc { |\1|').sub(/end\Z/, '}')
+    return result
+  end
+end
+
+class Proc
+  def to_method
+    name = ProcStoreTmp.new_name
+    ProcStoreTmp.send(:define_method, name, self)
+    ProcStoreTmp.new.method(name)
+  end
+
+  def to_sexp
+    sexp = self.to_method.to_sexp
+    body = sexp.scope.block
+    args = sexp.args
+    args = nil if args.size == 1
+    body = body[1] if body.size == 2
+
+    s(:iter, s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)), args, body)
+  end
+
+  def to_ruby
+    Ruby2Ruby.new.process(self.to_sexp).sub(/^\Aproc do/, 'proc {').sub(/end\Z/, '}')
+  end
+end

data/lib/unified_ruby.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+require 'sexp_processor'
+
+$TESTING ||= false
+
+module UnifiedRuby
+  def process exp
+    exp = Sexp.from_array exp unless Sexp === exp or exp.nil?
+    super
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_attrasgn(exp)
+    last = exp.last
+
+    if Sexp === last then
+      last[0] = :arglist if last[0] == :array
+    else
+      exp << s(:arglist)
+    end
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_bmethod(exp)
+    exp[0] = :scope
+
+    has_splat = exp.masgn.array.splat.lasgn rescue false
+
+    args =
+      if has_splat then
+        arg = exp.masgn(true).array.splat.lasgn.sexp_body
+        raise "nope: #{arg.size}" unless arg.size == 1
+        s(:args, :"*#{arg.last}")
+      else
+        args = exp.lasgn(true)
+        if args then
+          s(:args, *args.sexp_body)
+        else
+          exp.delete_at 1 # nil
+          s(:args)
+        end
+      end
+
+    exp = s(:scope, s(:block, *exp.sexp_body)) unless exp.block
+    exp.block.insert 1, args
+    exp.find_and_replace_all(:dvar, :lvar)
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_argscat exp
+    _, ary, val = exp
+    ary = s(:array, ary) unless ary.first == :array
+    ary << s(:splat, val)
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_argspush exp
+    exp[0] = :arglist
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_block_pass exp
+    if exp.size == 3 then
+      _, block, recv = exp
+      case recv.first
+      when :super then
+        recv << s(:block_pass, block)
+        exp = recv
+      when :call then
+        recv.last << s(:block_pass, block)
+        exp = recv
+      else
+        raise "huh?: #{recv.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_call(exp)
+    args = exp.last
+    case args
+    when nil
+      exp.pop
+    when Array
+      case args.first
+      when :array, :arglist then
+        args[0] = :arglist
+      when :argscat, :splat then
+        exp[-1] = s(:arglist, args)
+      else
+        raise "unknown type in call #{args.first.inspect} in #{exp.inspect}"
+      end
+      return exp
+    end
+
+    exp << s(:arglist)
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_dasgn(exp)
+    exp[0] = :lasgn
+    exp
+  end
+
+  alias :rewrite_dasgn_curr :rewrite_dasgn
+
+  ##
+  # :defn is one of the most complex of all the ASTs in ruby. We do
+  # one of 3 different translations:
+  #
+  # 1) From:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :name, s(:scope, s(:block, s(:args, ...), ...)))
+  #   s(:defn, :name, s(:bmethod, s(:masgn, s(:dasgn_curr, :args)), s(:block, ...)))
+  #   s(:defn, :name, s(:fbody, s(:bmethod, s(:masgn, s(:dasgn_curr, :splat)), s(:block, ...))))
+  #
+  # to:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :name, s(:args, ...), s(:scope, s:(block, ...)))
+  #
+  # 2) From:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :writer=, s(:attrset, :@name))
+  #
+  # to:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :writer=, s(:args), s(:attrset, :@name))
+  #
+  # 3) From:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :reader, s(:ivar, :@name))
+  #
+  # to:
+  #
+  #   s(:defn, :reader, s(:args), s(:ivar, :@name))
+  #
+
+  def rewrite_defn(exp)
+    weirdo = exp.ivar || exp.attrset
+
+    fbody = exp.fbody(true)
+    exp.push(fbody.scope) if fbody
+
+    args = exp.scope.block.args(true) unless weirdo
+    exp.insert 2, args if args
+
+    # move block_arg up and in
+    block_arg = exp.scope.block.block_arg(true) rescue nil
+    if block_arg
+      block = args.block(true)
+      args << :"&#{block_arg.last}"
+      args << block if block
+    end
+
+    # patch up attr_accessor methods
+    if weirdo then
+      case
+      when exp.ivar then
+        exp.insert 2, s(:args)
+      when exp.attrset then
+        exp.insert 2, s(:args, :arg)
+      else
+        raise "unknown wierdo: #{wierdo.inpsect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_defs(exp)
+    receiver = exp.delete_at 1
+
+    # TODO: I think this would be better as rewrite_scope, but that breaks others
+    exp = s(exp.shift, exp.shift,
+            s(:scope,
+              s(:block, exp.scope.args))) if exp.scope.args
+
+    result = rewrite_defn(exp)
+    result.insert 1, receiver
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_dmethod(exp)
+    exp.shift # type
+    exp.shift # dmethod name
+    exp.shift # scope / block / body
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_dvar(exp)
+    exp[0] = :lvar
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_fcall(exp)
+    exp[0] = :call
+    exp.insert 1, nil
+    exp.push nil if exp.size <= 3
+
+    rewrite_call(exp)
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_masgn(exp)
+    raise "wtf: #{exp}" unless exp.size == 4
+
+    t, lhs, lhs_splat, rhs = exp
+
+    lhs ||= s(:array)
+
+    if lhs_splat then
+      lhs_splat = s(:splat, lhs_splat) unless lhs_splat[0] == :splat
+      lhs << lhs_splat
+    end
+
+    s(t, lhs, rhs).compact
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_op_asgn1(exp)
+    exp[2][0] = :arglist # if exp[2][0] == :array
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_rescue(exp)
+    # SKETCHY HACK return exp if exp.size > 4
+    ignored = exp.shift
+    body    = exp.shift unless exp.first.first == :resbody
+    resbody = exp.shift
+    els     = exp.shift unless exp.first.first == :resbody unless exp.empty?
+    rest    = exp.empty? ? nil : exp # graceful re-rewriting (see rewrite_begin)
+
+    resbodies = []
+
+    unless rest then
+      while resbody do
+        resbodies << resbody
+        resbody = resbody.resbody(true)
+      end
+
+      resbodies.each do |resbody|
+        if resbody[2] && resbody[2][0] == :block && resbody[2].size == 2 then
+          resbody[2] = resbody[2][-1]
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      resbodies = [resbody] + rest
+    end
+
+    resbodies << els if els
+
+    s(:rescue, body, *resbodies).compact
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_resbody(exp)
+    exp[1] ||= s(:array)        # no args
+
+    body = exp[2]
+    if body then
+      case body.first
+      when :lasgn, :iasgn then
+        exp[1] << exp.delete_at(2) if body[-1] == s(:gvar, :$!)
+      when :block then
+        exp[1] << body.delete_at(1) if [:lasgn, :iasgn].include?(body[1][0]) &&
+          body[1][-1] == s(:gvar, :$!)
+      end
+    end
+
+    exp << nil if exp.size == 2 # no body
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_begin(exp)
+    raise "wtf: #{exp.inspect}" if exp.size > 2
+    exp.last
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_vcall(exp)
+    exp.push nil
+    rewrite_fcall(exp)
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_yield(exp)
+    # Literal array in yield, not args.
+    if exp.size == 3 and exp.pop == true then
+      # exp[1] = s(:arglist, exp[1])
+    elsif exp.size == 2 && exp.last.first == :array then
+      exp.push(*exp.pop[1..-1])
+    end
+
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_super(exp)
+    exp.push(*exp.pop[1..-1]) if exp.size == 2 && exp.last.first == :array
+    exp
+  end
+
+  def rewrite_zarray(exp)
+    exp[0] = :array
+    exp
+  end
+end
+
+##
+# Quick and easy SexpProcessor that unified the sexp structure.
+
+class Unifier < SexpProcessor
+  include UnifiedRuby
+
+  def initialize
+    super
+    @unsupported.delete :newline
+  end
+end

data/lib/unique.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+##
+# Unique creates unique variable names.
+
+class Unique
+  def self.reset # mostly for testing
+    @@curr = 0
+  end
+
+  def self.next
+    @@curr += 1
+    "temp_#{@@curr}".intern
+  end
+
+  reset
+end

data/test/pt_testcase.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4312 @@
+$TESTING = true
+
+require 'test/unit/testcase'
+require 'sexp_processor' # for deep_clone
+
+# key:
+# wwtt = what were they thinking?
+
+# TODO: <ko1_> 1.8.7 support {|&b|} syntax
+
+class Examples
+  attr_reader :reader
+  attr_writer :writer
+
+  def a_method(x); x+1; end
+  alias an_alias a_method
+
+  define_method(:bmethod_noargs) do
+    x + 1
+  end
+
+  define_method(:unsplatted) do |x|
+    x + 1
+  end
+
+  define_method :splatted do |*args|
+    y = args.first
+    y + 42
+  end
+
+  define_method :dmethod_added, instance_method(:a_method) if
+    RUBY_VERSION < "1.9"
+end
+
+class ParseTreeTestCase < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  unless defined? Mini then
+    undef_method :default_test rescue nil
+    alias :refute_nil :assert_not_nil
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :processor # to be defined by subclass
+
+  def setup
+    super
+    @processor = nil
+  end
+
+  def after_process_hook klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+  end
+
+  def before_process_hook klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+  end
+
+  def self.add_test name, data, klass = self.name[4..-1]
+    name = name.to_s
+    klass = klass.to_s
+
+    if testcases.has_key? name then
+      if testcases[name].has_key? klass then
+        warn "testcase #{klass}##{name} already has data"
+      else
+        testcases[name][klass] = data
+      end
+    else
+      warn "testcase #{name} does not exist"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.add_tests name, hash
+    name = name.to_s
+
+    hash.each do |klass, data|
+      warn "testcase #{klass}##{name} already has data" if
+        testcases[name].has_key? klass
+      testcases[name][klass] = data
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.clone_same
+    @@testcases.each do |node, data|
+      data.each do |key, val|
+        if val == :same then
+          prev_key = self.previous(key)
+          data[key] = data[prev_key].deep_clone
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.copy_test_case nonverbose, klass
+    verbose = nonverbose + "_mri_verbose_flag"
+    testcases[verbose][klass] = testcases[nonverbose][klass]
+  end
+
+  def self.generate_test klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+    klass.send(:define_method, "test_#{node}".to_sym) do
+      flunk "Processor is nil" if processor.nil?
+
+      assert data.has_key?(input_name), "Unknown input data"
+      assert data.has_key?(output_name), "Missing test data"
+
+      $missing[node] << output_name unless data.has_key? output_name
+
+      input    = data[input_name].deep_clone
+      expected = data[output_name].deep_clone
+
+      case expected
+      when :unsupported then
+        assert_raises(UnsupportedNodeError) do
+          processor.process(input)
+        end
+      else
+        extra_expected = []
+        extra_input = []
+
+        _, expected, extra_expected = *expected if
+          Array === expected and expected.first == :defx
+        _, input, extra_input = *input if
+          Array === input and input.first == :defx
+
+        # OMG... I can't believe I have to do this this way.  these
+        # hooks are here instead of refactoring this define_method
+        # body into an assertion. It'll allow subclasses to hook in
+        # and add behavior before or after the processor does it's
+        # thing. If you go the body refactor route, some of the
+        # RawParseTree test casese fail for completely bogus reasons.
+
+        before_process_hook klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+        refute_nil data[input_name], "testcase does not exist?"
+        @result = processor.process input
+        assert_equal(expected, @result,
+                     "failed on input: #{data[input_name].inspect}")
+        after_process_hook klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+
+        extra_input.each do |extra|
+          processor.process(extra)
+        end
+        extra = processor.extra_methods rescue []
+        assert_equal extra_expected, extra
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.generate_tests klass
+    install_missing_reporter
+    clone_same
+
+    output_name = klass.name.to_s.sub(/^Test/, '')
+
+    input_name = self.previous(output_name)
+
+    @@testcases.each do |node, data|
+      next if [:skip, :unsupported].include? data[input_name]
+      next if data[output_name] == :skip
+
+      generate_test klass, node, data, input_name, output_name
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.inherited klass
+    super
+
+    generate_tests klass unless klass.name =~ /TestCase/
+  end
+
+  def self.install_missing_reporter
+    unless defined? $missing then
+      $missing = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }
+      at_exit {
+        at_exit {
+          warn ""
+          $missing.sort.each do |name, klasses|
+            warn "add_tests(#{name.inspect},"
+            klasses.map! { |klass| "          #{klass.inspect} => :same" }
+            warn klasses.join("\n") + ")"
+          end
+          warn ""
+        }
+      }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.previous(key, extra=0) # FIX: remove R2C code
+    idx = @@testcase_order.index(key)
+
+    raise "Unknown class #{key} in @@testcase_order" if idx.nil?
+
+    case key
+    when "RubyToRubyC" then
+      idx -= 1
+    end
+    @@testcase_order[idx - 1 - extra]
+  end
+
+  def self.testcase_order; @@testcase_order; end
+  def self.testcases; @@testcases; end
+
+  def self.unsupported_tests *tests
+    tests.flatten.each do |name|
+      add_test name, :unsupported
+    end
+  end
+
+  ############################################################
+  # Shared TestCases:
+
+  @@testcase_order = %w(Ruby RawParseTree ParseTree)
+
+  @@testcases = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = {} }
+
+  add_tests("alias",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X\n  alias :y :x\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, :X, nil,
+                               [:scope, [:alias, [:lit, :y], [:lit, :x]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, :X, nil,
+                                s(:scope, s(:alias, s(:lit, :y), s(:lit, :x)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "class X\n  alias_method :y, :x\nend")
+
+  add_tests("alias_ugh",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X\n  alias y x\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, :X, nil,
+                               [:scope, [:alias, [:lit, :y], [:lit, :x]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, :X, nil,
+                                s(:scope, s(:alias, s(:lit, :y), s(:lit, :x)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "class X\n  alias_method :y, :x\nend")
+
+  add_tests("and",
+            "Ruby"         => "(a and b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:and, [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:and,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("argscat_inside",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = [b, *c]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :a,
+                               [:argscat,
+                                [:array, [:vcall, :b]], [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :a,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("argscat_svalue",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = b, c, *d",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :a,
+                               [:svalue,
+                                [:argscat,
+                                 [:array, [:vcall, :b], [:vcall, :c]],
+                                 [:vcall, :d]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :a,
+                                s(:svalue,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:splat,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))))
+
+  add_tests("argspush",
+            "Ruby"         => "a[*b] = c",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:attrasgn,
+                               [:vcall, :a],
+                               :[]=,
+                               [:argspush,
+                                [:splat,
+                                 [:vcall, :b]],
+                                [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:attrasgn,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :[]=,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:splat,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("array",
+            "Ruby"         => "[1, :b, \"c\"]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, :b], [:str, "c"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array, s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, :b), s(:str, "c")))
+
+  add_tests("array_pct_W",
+            "Ruby"         => "%W[a b c]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array, [:str, "a"], [:str, "b"], [:str, "c"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array,
+                                s(:str, "a"), s(:str, "b"), s(:str, "c")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]")
+
+  add_tests("array_pct_W_dstr",
+            "Ruby"         => "%W[a #\{@b} c]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array,
+                               [:str, "a"],
+                               [:dstr, "", [:evstr, [:ivar, :@b]]],
+                               [:str, "c"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array,
+                                s(:str, "a"),
+                                s(:dstr, "", s(:evstr, s(:ivar, :@b))),
+                                s(:str, "c")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "[\"a\", \"#\{@b}\", \"c\"]")
+
+  add_tests("array_pct_w",
+            "Ruby"         => "%w[a b c]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array, [:str, "a"], [:str, "b"], [:str, "c"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array,
+                                s(:str, "a"), s(:str, "b"), s(:str, "c")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]")
+
+  add_tests("array_pct_w_dstr",
+            "Ruby"         => "%w[a #\{@b} c]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array,
+                               [:str, "a"],
+                               [:str, "#\{@b}"],
+                               [:str, "c"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array,
+                                s(:str, "a"),
+                                s(:str, "#\{@b}"),
+                                s(:str, "c")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "[\"a\", \"\\\#{@b}\", \"c\"]") # TODO: huh?
+
+  add_tests("attrasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "y = 0\n42.method = y\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :y, [:lit, 0]],
+                               [:attrasgn, [:lit, 42], :method=,
+                                [:array, [:lvar, :y]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :y, s(:lit, 0)),
+                                s(:attrasgn, s(:lit, 42), :method=,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :y)))))
+
+  add_tests("attrasgn_index_equals",
+            "Ruby"         => "a[42] = 24",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:attrasgn, [:vcall, :a], :[]=,
+                               [:array, [:lit, 42], [:lit, 24]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:attrasgn,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :[]=,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42), s(:lit, 24))))
+
+  add_tests("attrasgn_index_equals_space",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = []; a [42] = 24",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :a, [:zarray]],
+                               [:attrasgn, [:lvar, :a], :[]=,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 42], [:lit, 24]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :a, s(:array)),
+                                s(:attrasgn, s(:lvar, :a), :[]=,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42), s(:lit, 24)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a = []\na[42] = 24\n")
+
+  add_tests("attrset",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :writer=],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :writer=, [:attrset, :@writer]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :writer=,
+                                s(:args, :arg),
+                                s(:attrset, :@writer)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "attr_writer :writer")
+
+  add_tests("back_ref",
+            "Ruby"         => "[$&, $`, $', $+]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:array,
+                               [:back_ref, :&],
+                               [:back_ref, :"`"],
+                               [:back_ref, :"'"],
+                               [:back_ref, :+]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:array,
+                                s(:back_ref, :&),
+                                s(:back_ref, :"`"),
+                                s(:back_ref, :"'"),
+                                s(:back_ref, :+)))
+
+  add_tests("begin",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "(1 + 1)")
+
+  add_tests("begin_def",
+            "Ruby"         => "def m\n  begin\n\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :m, [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :m, s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def m\n  # do nothing\nend")
+
+  add_tests("begin_rescue_ensure",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  a\nrescue\n  # do nothing\nensure\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:ensure,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:vcall, :a],
+                                 [:resbody, nil]],
+                                [:nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:ensure,
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:resbody, s(:array), nil)),
+                                s(:nil)))
+
+  add_tests("begin_rescue_ensure_all_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  # do nothing\nrescue\n  # do nothing\nensure\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:ensure,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:resbody, nil]],
+                                [:nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:ensure,
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:resbody, s(:array), nil)),
+                                s(:nil)))
+
+  add_tests("begin_rescue_twice",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  a\nrescue => mes\n  # do nothing\nend\nbegin\n  b\nrescue => mes\n  # do nothing\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:begin,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:vcall, :a],
+                                 [:resbody, nil,
+                                  [:lasgn, :mes, [:gvar, :$!]]]]],
+                               [:begin,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:vcall, :b],
+                                 [:resbody, nil,
+                                  [:lasgn, :mes, [:gvar, :$!]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:resbody,
+                                    s(:array, s(:lasgn, :mes, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                    nil)),
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:resbody,
+                                    s(:array,
+                                      s(:lasgn, :mes, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                    nil))))
+
+  add_tests("begin_rescue_twice_mri_verbose_flag",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:rescue,                # no begin
+                                [:vcall, :a],
+                                [:resbody, nil,
+                                 [:lasgn, :mes, [:gvar, :$!]]]],
+                               [:begin,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:vcall, :b],
+                                 [:resbody, nil,
+                                  [:lasgn, :mes, [:gvar, :$!]]]]]])
+
+  copy_test_case "begin_rescue_twice", "Ruby"
+  copy_test_case "begin_rescue_twice", "ParseTree"
+
+  add_tests("block_attrasgn",
+            "Ruby" => "def self.setup(ctx)\n  bind = allocate\n  bind.context = ctx\n  return bind\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs, [:self], :setup,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :ctx],
+                                 [:lasgn, :bind, [:vcall, :allocate]],
+                                 [:attrasgn, [:lvar, :bind], :context=,
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :ctx]]],
+                                 [:return, [:lvar, :bind]]]]],
+            "ParseTree" => s(:defs, s(:self), :setup,
+                             s(:args, :ctx),
+                             s(:scope,
+                               s(:block,
+                                 s(:lasgn, :bind,
+                                   s(:call, nil, :allocate, s(:arglist))),
+                                 s(:attrasgn, s(:lvar, :bind), :context=,
+                                   s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :ctx))),
+                                 s(:return, s(:lvar, :bind))))))
+
+
+  add_tests("block_lasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "x = (y = 1\n(y + 2))",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :x,
+                               [:block,
+                                [:lasgn, :y, [:lit, 1]],
+                                [:call, [:lvar, :y], :+, [:array, [:lit, 2]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :x,
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :y, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                  s(:call, s(:lvar, :y), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 2))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_mystery_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "a(b) do\n  if b then\n    true\n  else\n    c = false\n    d { |x| c = true }\n    c\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a, [:array, [:vcall, :b]]],
+                               nil,
+                               [:if,
+                                [:vcall, :b],
+                                [:true],
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :c, [:false]],
+                                 [:iter,
+                                  [:fcall, :d],
+                                  [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                  [:dasgn, :c, [:true]]],
+                                 [:dvar, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)))),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:if,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:true),
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :c, s(:false)),
+                                    s(:iter,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :c, s(:true))),
+                                    s(:lvar, :c)))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_args_and_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def blah(*args, &block)\n  other(42, *args, &block)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :blah,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :"*args"],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:block_pass,
+                                  [:lvar, :block],
+                                  [:fcall, :other,
+                                   [:argscat,
+                                    [:array, [:lit, 42]], [:lvar, :args]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :blah,
+                                s(:args, :"*args", :"&block"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :other,
+                                      s(:arglist,
+                                        s(:lit, 42),
+                                        s(:splat, s(:lvar, :args)),
+                                        s(:block_pass, s(:lvar, :block))))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_call_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.b(&c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :c], [:call, [:vcall, :a], :b]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :b,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_call_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.b(4, &c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :c],
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :b, [:array, [:lit, 4]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :b,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 4),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_call_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.b(1, 2, 3, &c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :c],
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :b,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :b,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_fcall_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "a(&b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass, [:vcall, :b], [:fcall, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_fcall_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "a(4, &b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :b],
+                               [:fcall, :a, [:array, [:lit, 4]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 4),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_fcall_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "a(1, 2, 3, &b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :b],
+                               [:fcall, :a,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_omgwtf",
+            "Ruby"         => "define_attr_method(:x, :sequence_name, &Proc.new { |*args| nil })",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:iter,
+                                [:call, [:const, :Proc], :new],
+                                [:masgn, nil, [:dasgn_curr, :args], nil],
+                                [:nil]],
+                               [:fcall, :define_attr_method,
+                                [:array, [:lit, :x], [:lit, :sequence_name]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :define_attr_method,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, :x),
+                                  s(:lit, :sequence_name),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:iter,
+                                      s(:call, s(:const, :Proc), :new,
+                                        s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:masgn,
+                                        s(:array, s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :args)))),
+                                      s(:nil))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def blah(*args, &block)\n  other(*args, &block)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :blah,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :"*args"],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:block_pass,
+                                  [:lvar, :block],
+                                  [:fcall, :other,
+                                   [:splat, [:lvar, :args]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :blah,
+                                s(:args, :"*args", :"&block"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :other,
+                                      s(:arglist,
+                                        s(:splat, s(:lvar, :args)),
+                                        s(:block_pass, s(:lvar, :block))))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_pass_thingy",
+            "Ruby"         => "r.read_body(dest, &block)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :block],
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :r], :read_body,
+                                [:array, [:vcall, :dest]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :r, s(:arglist)),
+                                :read_body,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :dest, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:block_pass,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :block, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("block_stmt_after",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f\n  begin\n    b\n  rescue\n    c\n  end\n\n  d\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:begin,
+                                  [:rescue,
+                                   [:vcall, :b],
+                                   [:resbody, nil, [:vcall, :c]]]],
+                                 [:vcall, :d]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:rescue,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:resbody,
+                                        s(:array),
+                                        s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))),
+                                    s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def f\n  b rescue c\n  d\nend")
+
+  add_tests("block_stmt_after_mri_verbose_flag",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:rescue,              # no begin
+                                  [:vcall, :b],
+                                  [:resbody, nil, [:vcall, :c]]],
+                                 [:vcall, :d]]]])
+
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_after", "Ruby"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_after", "ParseTree"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_after", "Ruby2Ruby"
+
+  add_tests("block_stmt_before",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f\n  a\n  begin\n    b\n  rescue\n    c\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:vcall, :a],
+                                 [:begin,
+                                  [:rescue, [:vcall, :b],
+                                   [:resbody, nil, [:vcall, :c]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:rescue, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:resbody,
+                                        s(:array),
+                                        s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def f\n  a\n  b rescue c\nend")
+
+  # oddly... this one doesn't HAVE any differences when verbose... new?
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_before", "Ruby"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_before", "ParseTree"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_before", "RawParseTree"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_before", "Ruby2Ruby"
+
+  add_tests("block_stmt_both",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f\n  a\n  begin\n    b\n  rescue\n    c\n  end\n  d\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:vcall, :a],
+                                 [:begin,
+                                  [:rescue,
+                                   [:vcall, :b],
+                                   [:resbody,
+                                    nil,
+                                    [:vcall, :c]]]],
+                                 [:vcall, :d]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f, s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:rescue,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:resbody,
+                                        s(:array),
+                                        s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))),
+                                    s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def f\n  a\n  b rescue c\n  d\nend")
+
+  add_tests("block_stmt_both_mri_verbose_flag",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:vcall, :a],
+                                 [:rescue,              # no begin
+                                  [:vcall, :b],
+                                  [:resbody,
+                                   nil,
+                                   [:vcall, :c]]],
+                                 [:vcall, :d]]]])
+
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_both", "Ruby"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_both", "ParseTree"
+  copy_test_case "block_stmt_both", "Ruby2Ruby"
+
+  add_tests("bmethod",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :unsplatted],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :unsplatted,
+                               [:bmethod,
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                [:call, [:dvar, :x], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :unsplatted,
+                                s(:args, :x),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:lvar, :x),
+                                      :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def unsplatted(x)\n  (x + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("bmethod_noargs",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :bmethod_noargs],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :bmethod_noargs,
+                               [:bmethod,
+                                nil,
+                                [:call,
+                                 [:vcall, :x], :"+", [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :bmethod_noargs,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :x, s(:arglist)),
+                                      :"+",
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def bmethod_noargs\n  (x + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("bmethod_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :splatted],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :splatted,
+                               [:bmethod,
+                                [:masgn, nil, [:dasgn_curr, :args], nil],
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :y,
+                                  [:call, [:dvar, :args], :first]],
+                                 [:call, [:dvar, :y], :+,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 42]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :splatted,
+                                s(:args, :"*args"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :y,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :args), :first,
+                                        s(:arglist))),
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :y), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def splatted(*args)\n  y = args.first\n  (y + 42)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("break",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { break if true }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :loop], nil,
+                               [:if, [:true], [:break], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:true), s(:break), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("break_arg",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { break 42 if true }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :loop], nil,
+                               [:if, [:true], [:break, [:lit, 42]], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:true), s(:break, s(:lit, 42)), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("call",
+            "Ruby"         => "self.method",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:self], :method],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:self), :method, s(:arglist)))
+
+  add_tests("call_arglist",
+            "Ruby"         => "o.puts(42)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:vcall, :o], :puts,
+                               [:array, [:lit, 42]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:call, nil, :o, s(:arglist)), :puts,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42))))
+
+  add_tests("call_arglist_hash",
+            "Ruby"         => "o.m(:a => 1, :b => 2)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call,
+                               [:vcall, :o], :m,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:hash,
+                                 [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                 [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :o, s(:arglist)), :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("call_arglist_norm_hash",
+            "Ruby"         => "o.m(42, :a => 1, :b => 2)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call,
+                               [:vcall, :o], :m,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:lit, 42],
+                                [:hash,
+                                 [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                 [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :o, s(:arglist)), :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 42),
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("call_arglist_norm_hash_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "o.m(42, :a => 1, :b => 2, *c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call,
+                               [:vcall, :o], :m,
+                               [:argscat,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lit, 42],
+                                 [:hash,
+                                  [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                  [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]],
+                                [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call, nil, :o, s(:arglist)), :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 42),
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("call_arglist_space",
+            "Ruby"         => "a (1,2,3)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :a,
+                               [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a(1, 2, 3)")
+
+  add_tests("call_command",
+            "Ruby"         => "1.b(c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:lit, 1], :b, [:array, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                :b,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("call_expr",
+            "Ruby"         => "(v = (1 + 1)).zero?",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call,
+                               [:lasgn, :v,
+                                [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                               :zero?],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:lasgn, :v,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                :zero?, s(:arglist)))
+
+  add_tests("call_index",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = []\na[42]\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :a, [:zarray]],
+                               [:call, [:lvar, :a], :[], [:array, [:lit, 42]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :a, s(:array)),
+                                s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :[],
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42)))))
+
+  add_tests("call_index_no_args",
+            "Ruby"         => "a[]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:vcall, :a], :[]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                :[], s(:arglist)))
+
+  add_tests("call_index_space",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = []\na [42]\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :a, [:zarray]],
+                               [:call, [:lvar, :a], :[], [:array, [:lit, 42]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :a, s(:array)),
+                                s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :[],
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a = []\na[42]\n")
+
+  add_tests("call_unary_neg",
+            "Ruby"         => "-2**31",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call,
+                               [:call, [:lit, 2], :**, [:array, [:lit, 31]]],
+                               :-@],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:lit, 2),
+                                  :**,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 31))),
+                                :-@, s(:arglist)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "-(2 ** 31)")
+
+  add_tests("case",
+            "Ruby"         => "var = 2\nresult = \"\"\ncase var\nwhen 1 then\n  puts(\"something\")\n  result = \"red\"\nwhen 2, 3 then\n  result = \"yellow\"\nwhen 4 then\n  # do nothing\nelse\n  result = \"green\"\nend\ncase result\nwhen \"red\" then\n  var = 1\nwhen \"yellow\" then\n  var = 2\nwhen \"green\" then\n  var = 3\nelse\n  # do nothing\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 2]],
+                               [:lasgn, :result, [:str, ""]],
+                               [:case,
+                                [:lvar, :var],
+                                [:when,
+                                 [:array, [:lit, 1]],
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:fcall, :puts,
+                                   [:array, [:str, "something"]]],
+                                  [:lasgn, :result, [:str, "red"]]]],
+                                [:when,
+                                 [:array, [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :result, [:str, "yellow"]]],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:lit, 4]], nil],
+                                [:lasgn, :result, [:str, "green"]]],
+                               [:case,
+                                [:lvar, :result],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:str, "red"]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 1]]],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:str, "yellow"]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 2]]],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:str, "green"]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 3]]],
+                                nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :result, s(:str, "")),
+                                s(:case,
+                                  s(:lvar, :var),
+                                  s(:when,
+                                    s(:array, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                    s(:block,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:str, "something"))),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :result, s(:str, "red")))),
+                                  s(:when,
+                                    s(:array, s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3)),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :result, s(:str, "yellow"))),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 4)), nil),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :result, s(:str, "green"))),
+                                s(:case,
+                                  s(:lvar, :result),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:str, "red")),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:str, "yellow")),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 2))),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:str, "green")),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 3))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+  add_tests("case_nested",
+            "Ruby"         => "var1 = 1\nvar2 = 2\nresult = nil\ncase var1\nwhen 1 then\n  case var2\n  when 1 then\n    result = 1\n  when 2 then\n    result = 2\n  else\n    result = 3\n  end\nwhen 2 then\n  case var2\n  when 1 then\n    result = 4\n  when 2 then\n    result = 5\n  else\n    result = 6\n  end\nelse\n  result = 7\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :var1, [:lit, 1]],
+                               [:lasgn, :var2, [:lit, 2]],
+                               [:lasgn, :result, [:nil]],
+                               [:case,
+                                [:lvar, :var1],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:lit, 1]],
+                                 [:case,
+                                  [:lvar, :var2],
+                                  [:when, [:array, [:lit, 1]],
+                                   [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 1]]],
+                                  [:when, [:array, [:lit, 2]],
+                                   [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 2]]],
+                                  [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 3]]]],
+                                [:when, [:array, [:lit, 2]],
+                                 [:case,
+                                  [:lvar, :var2],
+                                  [:when, [:array, [:lit, 1]],
+                                   [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 4]]],
+                                  [:when, [:array, [:lit, 2]],
+                                   [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 5]]],
+                                  [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 6]]]],
+                                [:lasgn, :result, [:lit, 7]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :var1, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :var2, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :result, s(:nil)),
+                                s(:case,
+                                  s(:lvar, :var1),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                    s(:case,
+                                      s(:lvar, :var2),
+                                      s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                        s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                      s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                        s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 2))),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 3)))),
+                                  s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                    s(:case,
+                                      s(:lvar, :var2),
+                                      s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                        s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 4))),
+                                      s(:when, s(:array, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                        s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 5))),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 6)))),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :result, s(:lit, 7)))))
+
+  add_tests("case_nested_inner_no_expr",
+            "Ruby"         => "case a\nwhen b then\n  case\n  when (d and e) then\n    f\n  else\n    # do nothing\n  end\nelse\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:case, [:vcall, :a],
+                               [:when, [:array, [:vcall, :b]],
+                                [:case, nil,
+                                 [:when,
+                                  [:array, [:and, [:vcall, :d], [:vcall, :e]]],
+                                  [:vcall, :f]],
+                                 nil]],
+                               nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:case, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:when,
+                                  s(:array, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))),
+                                  s(:case, nil,
+                                    s(:when,
+                                      s(:array,
+                                        s(:and,
+                                          s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                          s(:call, nil, :e, s(:arglist)))),
+                                      s(:call, nil, :f, s(:arglist))),
+                                    nil)),
+                                nil))
+
+  add_tests("case_no_expr",
+            "Ruby"         => "case\nwhen (a == 1) then\n  :a\nwhen (a == 2) then\n  :b\nelse\n  :c\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:case, nil,
+                               [:when,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:call, [:vcall, :a], :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                                [:lit, :a]],
+                               [:when,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:call, [:vcall, :a], :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 2]]]],
+                                [:lit, :b]],
+                               [:lit, :c]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:case, nil,
+                                s(:when,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                  s(:lit, :a)),
+                                s(:when,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 2)))),
+                                  s(:lit, :b)),
+                                s(:lit, :c)))
+
+  add_tests("case_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "case a\nwhen :b, *c then\n  d\nelse\n  e\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:case, [:vcall, :a],
+                               [:when,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lit, :b], [:when, [:vcall, :c], nil]], # wtf?
+                                [:vcall, :d]],
+                               [:vcall, :e]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:case, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:when,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lit, :b),
+                                    s(:when,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                      nil)), # wtf?
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :e, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("cdecl",
+            "Ruby"         => "X = 42",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:cdecl, :X, [:lit, 42]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:cdecl, :X, s(:lit, 42)))
+
+  add_tests("class_plain",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X\n  puts((1 + 1))\n  def blah\n    puts(\"hello\")\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class,
+                               :X,
+                               nil,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:fcall, :puts,
+                                  [:array,
+                                   [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                    [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+                                 [:defn, :blah,
+                                  [:scope,
+                                   [:block,
+                                    [:args],
+                                    [:fcall, :puts,
+                                     [:array, [:str, "hello"]]]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class,
+                                :X,
+                                nil,
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                      s(:arglist,
+                                        s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                          s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))))),
+                                    s(:defn, :blah,
+                                      s(:args),
+                                      s(:scope,
+                                        s(:block,
+                                          s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                            s(:arglist,
+                                              s(:str, "hello"))))))))))
+
+  add_tests("class_scoped",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X::Y\n  c\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, [:colon2, [:const, :X], :Y], nil,
+                               [:scope, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, s(:colon2, s(:const, :X), :Y), nil,
+                                s(:scope, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("class_scoped3",
+            "Ruby"         => "class ::Y\n  c\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, [:colon3, :Y], nil,
+                               [:scope, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, s(:colon3, :Y), nil,
+                                s(:scope, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("class_super_array",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X < Array\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class,
+                               :X,
+                               [:const, :Array],
+                               [:scope]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class,
+                                :X,
+                                s(:const, :Array),
+                                s(:scope)))
+
+  add_tests("class_super_expr",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X < expr\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class,
+                               :X,
+                               [:vcall, :expr],
+                               [:scope]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class,
+                                :X,
+                                s(:call, nil, :expr, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:scope)))
+
+  add_tests("class_super_object",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X < Object\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class,
+                               :X,
+                               [:const, :Object],
+                               [:scope]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class,
+                                :X,
+                                s(:const, :Object),
+                                s(:scope)))
+
+  add_tests("colon2",
+            "Ruby"         => "X::Y",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:colon2, [:const, :X], :Y],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:colon2, s(:const, :X), :Y))
+
+  add_tests("colon3",
+            "Ruby"         => "::X",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:colon3, :X],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:colon3, :X))
+
+  add_tests("const",
+            "Ruby"         => "X",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:const, :X],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:const, :X))
+
+  add_tests("constX",
+            "Ruby"         => "X = 1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:cdecl, :X, [:lit, 1]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:cdecl, :X, s(:lit, 1)))
+
+  add_tests("constY",
+            "Ruby"         => "::X = 1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:cdecl, [:colon3, :X], [:lit, 1]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:cdecl, s(:colon3, :X), s(:lit, 1)))
+
+  add_tests("constZ",
+            "Ruby"         => "X::Y = 1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:cdecl, [:colon2, [:const, :X], :Y], [:lit, 1]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:cdecl,
+                                s(:colon2, s(:const, :X), :Y),
+                                s(:lit, 1)))
+
+  add_tests("cvar",
+            "Ruby"         => "@@x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:cvar, :@@x],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:cvar, :@@x))
+
+  add_tests("cvasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  @@blah = 1\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block, [:args],
+                                 [:cvasgn, :@@blah, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:cvasgn, :@@blah, s(:lit, 1))))))
+
+  add_tests("cvasgn_cls_method",
+            "Ruby"         => "def self.quiet_mode=(boolean)\n  @@quiet_mode = boolean\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs, [:self], :quiet_mode=,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :boolean],
+                                 [:cvasgn, :@@quiet_mode, [:lvar, :boolean]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defs, s(:self), :quiet_mode=,
+                                s(:args, :boolean),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:cvasgn, :@@quiet_mode,
+                                      s(:lvar, :boolean))))))
+
+  add_tests("cvdecl",
+            "Ruby"         => "class X\n  @@blah = 1\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, :X, nil,
+                               [:scope, [:cvdecl, :@@blah, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, :X, nil,
+                                s(:scope, s(:cvdecl, :@@blah, s(:lit, 1)))))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.each { |x| b.each { |y| x = (x + 1) } if true }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :each],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                               [:if, [:true],
+                                [:iter,
+                                 [:call, [:vcall, :b], :each],
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :y],
+                                 [:dasgn, :x,
+                                  [:call, [:dvar, :x], :+,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+                                nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), :each,
+                                  s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                s(:if, s(:true),
+                                  s(:iter,
+                                    s(:call, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      :each,
+                                      s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :y),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :x,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.each { |x| b.each { |y| c = (c + 1) } if true }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :each],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                               [:if, [:true],
+                                [:iter,
+                                 [:call, [:vcall, :b], :each],
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :y],
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :c,
+                                  [:call, [:dvar, :c], :+,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]],
+                                nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), :each,
+                                  s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                s(:if, s(:true),
+                                  s(:iter,
+                                    s(:call, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      :each,
+                                      s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :y),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :c,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :c), :+,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.each do |x|\n  if true then\n    c = 0\n    b.each { |y| c = (c + 1) }\n  end\nend", # FIX: hate that extra newline!
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :each],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                               [:if, [:true],
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :c, [:lit, 0]],
+                                 [:iter,
+                                  [:call, [:vcall, :b], :each],
+                                  [:dasgn_curr, :y],
+                                  [:dasgn, :c,
+                                   [:call, [:dvar, :c], :+,
+                                    [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]]],
+                                nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), :each,
+                                  s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                s(:if, s(:true),
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :c, s(:lit, 0)),
+                                    s(:iter,
+                                      s(:call, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :each,
+                                        s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :y),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :c,
+                                        s(:call, s(:lvar, :c), :+,
+                                          s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_curr",
+            "Ruby"         => "data.each do |x, y|\n  a = 1\n  b = a\n  b = a = x\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :data], :each],
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array, [:dasgn_curr, :x], [:dasgn_curr, :y]],
+                                nil, nil],
+                               [:block,
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :a, [:lit, 1]],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :b, [:dvar, :a]],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :b,
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :a, [:dvar, :x]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:call, nil, :data,
+                                           s(:arglist)), :each, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array, s(:lasgn, :x), s(:lasgn, :y))),
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lvar, :a)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lvar, :x))))))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_icky",
+            "Ruby"         => "a do\n  v = nil\n  assert_block(full_message) do\n    begin\n      yield\n    rescue Exception => v\n      break\n    end\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               nil,
+                               [:block,
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :v, [:nil]],
+                                [:iter,
+                                 [:fcall, :assert_block,
+                                  [:array, [:vcall, :full_message]]],
+                                 nil,
+                                 [:begin,
+                                  [:rescue,
+                                   [:yield],
+                                   [:resbody,
+                                    [:array, [:const, :Exception]],
+                                    [:block,
+                                     [:dasgn, :v,
+                                      [:gvar, :$!]], [:break]]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :v, s(:nil)),
+                                  s(:iter,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :assert_block,
+                                      s(:arglist,
+                                        s(:call, nil, :full_message,
+                                          s(:arglist)))),
+                                    nil,
+                                    s(:rescue,
+                                      s(:yield),
+                                      s(:resbody,
+                                        s(:array,
+                                          s(:const, :Exception),
+                                          s(:lasgn, :v, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                        s(:break)))))))
+
+  add_tests("dasgn_mixed",
+            "Ruby"         => "t = 0\nns.each { |n| t += n }\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :t, [:lit, 0]],
+                               [:iter,
+                                [:call, [:vcall, :ns], :each],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :n],
+                                [:lasgn, :t,
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :t], :+,
+                                  [:array, [:dvar, :n]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :t, s(:lit, 0)),
+                                s(:iter,
+                                  s(:call, s(:call, nil, :ns,
+                                             s(:arglist)), :each, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :n),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :t,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :t), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :n)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "t = 0\nns.each { |n| t = (t + n) }\n")
+
+  add_tests("defined",
+            "Ruby"         => "defined? $x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defined, [:gvar, :$x]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defined, s(:gvar, :$x)))
+
+  # TODO: make all the defn_args* p their arglist
+  add_tests("defn_args_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(&block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :"&block"),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                               [:args, :mand],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :mand],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :"&block"),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_opt",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, opt = 42)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                               [:args, :mand, :opt,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :opt,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_opt_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, opt = 42, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :mand, :opt,
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :opt, :"&block",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_opt_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, opt = 42, *rest)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                               [:args, :mand, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_opt_splat_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, opt = 42, *rest, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :mand, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :opt, :"*rest", :"&block",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_opt_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(a, b = 42, *)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :a, :b, :"*",
+                                  [:block, [:lasgn, :b, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :a, :b, :"*",
+                                  s(:block, s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, *rest)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                               [:args, :mand, :"*rest"],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :"*rest"),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_splat_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(mand, *rest, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :mand, :"*rest"],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :mand, :"*rest", :"&block"),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_mand_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(a, *args)\n  p(a, args)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :a, :"*args"],
+                                 [:fcall, :p,
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :a], [:lvar, :args]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :a, :"*args"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :p,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :a), s(:lvar, :args)))))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_none",
+            "Ruby"         => "def empty\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :empty,
+                               [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :empty,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_opt",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(opt = 42)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                               [:args, :opt,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :opt,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_opt_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(opt = 42, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :opt,
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :opt, :"&block",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_opt_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(opt = 42, *rest)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_opt_splat_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(opt = 42, *rest, &block)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :opt, :"*rest",
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :opt, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:block_arg, :block],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :opt, :"*rest", :"&block",
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :opt, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_opt_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(b = 42, *)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :b, :"*",
+                                  [:block, [:lasgn, :b, [:lit, 42]]]],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :b, :"*",
+                                  s(:block, s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lit, 42)))),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def f(*rest)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :f,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :"*rest"],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :f,
+                                s(:args, :"*rest"),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_args_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(*)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :"*"],
+                                 [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :"*"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_or",
+            "Ruby"         => "def |(o)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :|,
+                               [:scope, [:block, [:args, :o], [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :|,
+                                s(:args, :o),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_rescue",
+            "Ruby"         => "def eql?(resource)\n  (self.uuid == resource.uuid)\nrescue\n  false\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :eql?,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :resource],
+                                 [:rescue,
+                                  [:call,
+                                   [:call, [:self], :uuid],
+                                   :==,
+                                   [:array,
+                                    [:call, [:lvar, :resource], :uuid]]],
+                                  [:resbody, nil, [:false]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :eql?,
+                                s(:args, :resource),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:rescue,
+                                      s(:call,
+                                        s(:call, s(:self), :uuid, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :==,
+                                        s(:arglist,
+                                          s(:call, s(:lvar, :resource),
+                                            :uuid, s(:arglist)))),
+                                      s(:resbody, s(:array), s(:false)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def eql?(resource)\n  (self.uuid == resource.uuid) rescue false\nend")
+
+  add_tests("defn_rescue_mri_verbose_flag",
+            "Ruby"         => "def eql?(resource)\n  (self.uuid == resource.uuid)\nrescue\n  false\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :eql?,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :resource],
+                                 [:rescue,
+                                  [:call,
+                                   [:call, [:self], :uuid],
+                                   :==,
+                                   [:array,
+                                    [:call, [:lvar, :resource], :uuid]]],
+                                  [:resbody, nil, [:false]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :eql?,
+                                s(:args, :resource),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:rescue,
+                                      s(:call,
+                                        s(:call, s(:self), :uuid, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :==,
+                                        s(:arglist,
+                                          s(:call, s(:lvar, :resource),
+                                            :uuid, s(:arglist)))),
+                                      s(:resbody, s(:array), s(:false)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def eql?(resource)\n  (self.uuid == resource.uuid) rescue false\nend")
+
+  add_tests("defn_something_eh",
+            "Ruby"         => "def something?\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :something?,
+                               [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:nil]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :something?,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(a, *)\n  p(a)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :a, :"*"],
+                                 [:fcall, :p,
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :a]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :a, :"*"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :p,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :a)))))))
+
+  add_tests("defn_zarray",
+            "Ruby"         => "def zarray\n  a = []\n  return a\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :zarray,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block, [:args],
+                                 [:lasgn, :a, [:zarray]],
+                                 [:return, [:lvar, :a]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :zarray,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :a, s(:array)),
+                                    s(:return, s(:lvar, :a))))))
+
+  add_tests("defs",
+            "Ruby"         => "def self.x(y)\n  (y + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs, [:self], :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :y],
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :y], :+,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defs, s(:self), :x,
+                                s(:args, :y),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :y), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))))
+
+  add_tests("defs_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "def self.empty\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs, [:self], :empty,
+                               [:scope, [:args]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defs, s(:self), :empty,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block))))
+
+  add_tests("defs_empty_args",
+            "Ruby"         => "def self.empty(*)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs, [:self], :empty,
+                               [:scope, [:args, :*]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defs, s(:self), :empty,
+                                s(:args, :*),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block))))
+
+  add_tests("defs_expr_wtf",
+            "Ruby"         => "def (a.b).empty(*)\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defs,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :b],
+                               :empty,
+                               [:scope, [:args, :*]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defs,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                :empty,
+                                s(:args, :*),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block))))
+
+  add_tests("dmethod",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :dmethod_added],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :dmethod_added,
+                               [:dmethod,
+                                :a_method,
+                                [:scope,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:args, :x],
+                                  [:call, [:lvar, :x], :+,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :dmethod_added,
+                                s(:args, :x),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def dmethod_added(x)\n  (x + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("dot2",
+            "Ruby"         => "(a..b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dot2, [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dot2,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("dot3",
+            "Ruby"         => "(a...b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dot3, [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dot3,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("dregx",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x#\{(1 + 1)}y/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx, "x",
+                               [:evstr,
+                                [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                               [:str, "y"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx, "x",
+                                s(:evstr,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                s(:str, "y")))
+
+  add_tests("dregx_interp",
+            "Ruby"         => "/#\{@rakefile}/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx, '', [:evstr, [:ivar, :@rakefile]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx, '', s(:evstr, s(:ivar, :@rakefile))))
+
+  add_tests("dregx_interp_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "/a#\{}b/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx, 'a', [:evstr], [:str, "b"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx, 'a', s(:evstr), s(:str, "b")))
+
+  add_tests("dregx_n",
+            "Ruby"         => '/#{1}/n',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx, '', [:evstr, [:lit, 1]], /x/n.options],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx, '',
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 1)), /x/n.options),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "/#\{1}/") # HACK - need to support regexp flag
+
+  add_tests("dregx_once",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x#\{(1 + 1)}y/o",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx_once, "x",
+                               [:evstr,
+                                [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                               [:str, "y"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx_once, "x",
+                                s(:evstr,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                s(:str, "y")))
+
+  add_tests("dregx_once_n_interp",
+            "Ruby"         => "/#\{IAC}#\{SB}/no",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dregx_once, '',
+                               [:evstr, [:const, :IAC]],
+                               [:evstr, [:const, :SB]], /x/n.options],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dregx_once, '',
+                                s(:evstr, s(:const, :IAC)),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:const, :SB)), /x/n.options),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "/#\{IAC}#\{SB}/o") # HACK
+
+  add_tests("dstr",
+            "Ruby"         => "argl = 1\n\"x#\{argl}y\"\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :argl, [:lit, 1]],
+                               [:dstr, "x", [:evstr, [:lvar, :argl]],
+                                [:str, "y"]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :argl, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                s(:dstr, "x", s(:evstr, s(:lvar, :argl)),
+                                  s(:str, "y"))))
+
+  add_tests("dstr_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "argl = 1\n\"x#\{(\"%.2f\" % 3.14159)}y\"\n",
+            "RawParseTree" =>   [:block,
+                                 [:lasgn, :argl, [:lit, 1]],
+                                 [:dstr,
+                                  "x",
+                                  [:evstr,
+                                   [:call, [:str, "%.2f"], :%,
+                                    [:array, [:lit, 3.14159]]]],
+                                  [:str, "y"]]],
+            "ParseTree"    =>   s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :argl, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                  s(:dstr,
+                                    "x",
+                                    s(:evstr,
+                                      s(:call, s(:str, "%.2f"), :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3.14159)))),
+                                    s(:str, "y"))))
+
+  add_tests("dstr_3",
+            "Ruby"         => "max = 2\nargl = 1\n\"x#\{(\"%.#\{max}f\" % 3.14159)}y\"\n",
+            "RawParseTree" =>   [:block,
+                                 [:lasgn, :max, [:lit, 2]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :argl, [:lit, 1]],
+                                 [:dstr, "x",
+                                  [:evstr,
+                                   [:call,
+                                    [:dstr, "%.",
+                                     [:evstr, [:lvar, :max]],
+                                     [:str, "f"]],
+                                    :%,
+                                    [:array, [:lit, 3.14159]]]],
+                                  [:str, "y"]]],
+            "ParseTree"    =>   s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :max, s(:lit, 2)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :argl, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                  s(:dstr, "x",
+                                    s(:evstr,
+                                      s(:call,
+                                        s(:dstr, "%.",
+                                          s(:evstr, s(:lvar, :max)),
+                                          s(:str, "f")),
+                                        :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3.14159)))),
+                                    s(:str, "y"))))
+
+  add_tests("dstr_concat",
+            "Ruby"         => '"#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" "55" "#{66}"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr,
+                               "",
+                               [:evstr, [:lit, 22]],
+                               [:str, "aa"],
+                               [:str, "cd"],
+                               [:evstr, [:lit, 44]],
+                               [:str, "55"],
+                               [:evstr, [:lit, 66]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr,
+                                "",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 22)),
+                                s(:str, "aa"),
+                                s(:str, "cd"),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 44)),
+                                s(:str, "55"),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 66))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"#{22}aacd#{44}55#{66}"')
+
+  add_tests("dstr_gross",
+            "Ruby"         => '"a #$global b #@ivar c #@@cvar d"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr, "a ",
+                               [:evstr, [:gvar, :$global]],
+                               [:str, " b "],
+                               [:evstr, [:ivar, :@ivar]],
+                               [:str, " c "],
+                               [:evstr, [:cvar, :@@cvar]],
+                               [:str, " d"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr, "a ",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:gvar, :$global)),
+                                s(:str, " b "),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:ivar, :@ivar)),
+                                s(:str, " c "),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:cvar, :@@cvar)),
+                                s(:str, " d")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby" => '"a #{$global} b #{@ivar} c #{@@cvar} d"')
+
+  add_tests("dstr_heredoc_expand",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<EOM\n  blah\n#\{1 + 1}blah\nEOM\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr, "  blah\n",
+                               [:evstr, [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                         [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                               [:str, "blah\n"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr, "  blah\n",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                            s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                s(:str, "blah\n")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"  blah\\n#\{(1 + 1)}blah\\n\"")
+
+  add_tests("dstr_heredoc_windoze_sucks",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<-EOF\r\ndef test_#\{action}_valid_feed\r\n  EOF\r\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr,
+                               'def test_',
+                               [:evstr, [:vcall, :action]],
+                               [:str, "_valid_feed\n"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr,
+                                'def test_',
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, nil, :action, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, "_valid_feed\n")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"def test_#\{action}_valid_feed\\n\"")
+
+  add_tests("dstr_heredoc_yet_again",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<-EOF\ns1 '#\{RUBY_PLATFORM}' s2\n#\{__FILE__}\n        EOF\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr, "s1 '",
+                               [:evstr, [:const, :RUBY_PLATFORM]],
+                               [:str, "' s2\n"],
+                               [:str, "(string)"],
+                               [:str, "\n"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr, "s1 '",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:const, :RUBY_PLATFORM)),
+                                s(:str, "' s2\n"),
+                                s(:str, "(string)"),
+                                s(:str, "\n")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"s1 '#\{RUBY_PLATFORM}' s2\\n(string)\\n\"")
+
+  add_tests("dstr_nest",
+            "Ruby"         => "%Q[before [#\{nest}] after]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr, "before [",
+                               [:evstr, [:vcall, :nest]], [:str, "] after"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr, "before [",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, nil, :nest, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, "] after")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"before [#\{nest}] after\"")
+
+  add_tests("dstr_str_lit_start",
+            "Ruby"         => '"#{"blah"}#{__FILE__}:#{__LINE__}: warning: #{$!.message} (#{$!.class})"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr,
+                               "blah(string):",
+                               [:evstr, [:lit, 1]],
+                               [:str, ": warning: "],
+                               [:evstr, [:call, [:gvar, :$!], :message]],
+                               [:str, " ("],
+                               [:evstr, [:call, [:gvar, :$!], :class]],
+                               [:str, ")"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr,
+                                "blah(string):",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                s(:str, ": warning: "),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, s(:gvar, :$!), :message,
+                                            s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, " ("),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, s(:gvar, :$!), :class,
+                                            s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, ")")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"blah(string):#{1}: warning: #{$!.message} (#{$!.class})"')
+
+  add_tests("dstr_the_revenge",
+            "Ruby"         => '"before #{from} middle #{to} (#{__FILE__}:#{__LINE__})"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dstr,
+                               "before ",
+                               [:evstr, [:vcall, :from]],
+                               [:str, " middle "],
+                               [:evstr, [:vcall, :to]],
+                               [:str, " ("],
+                               [:str, "(string)"],
+                               [:str, ":"],
+                               [:evstr, [:lit, 1]],
+                               [:str, ")"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dstr,
+                                "before ",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, nil, :from, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, " middle "),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, nil, :to, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:str, " ("),
+                                s(:str, "(string)"),
+                                s(:str, ":"),
+                                s(:evstr, s(:lit, 1)),
+                                s(:str, ")")),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"before #{from} middle #{to} ((string):#{1})"')
+
+  add_tests("dsym",
+            "Ruby"         => ":\"x#\{(1 + 1)}y\"",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:dsym, "x",
+                               [:evstr, [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                         [:array, [:lit, 1]]]], [:str, "y"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:dsym, "x",
+                                s(:evstr, s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                            s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))), s(:str, "y")))
+
+  add_tests("dxstr",
+            "Ruby"         => "t = 5\n`touch #\{t}`\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :t, [:lit, 5]],
+                               [:dxstr, 'touch ', [:evstr, [:lvar, :t]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :t, s(:lit, 5)),
+                                s(:dxstr, 'touch ', s(:evstr, s(:lvar, :t)))))
+
+  add_tests("ensure",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nrescue SyntaxError => e1\n  2\nrescue Exception => e2\n  3\nelse\n  4\nensure\n  5\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:ensure,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]],
+                                 [:resbody,
+                                  [:array, [:const, :SyntaxError]],
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :e1, [:gvar, :$!]], [:lit, 2]],
+                                  [:resbody,
+                                   [:array, [:const, :Exception]],
+                                   [:block,
+                                    [:lasgn, :e2, [:gvar, :$!]], [:lit, 3]]]],
+                                 [:lit, 4]],
+                                [:lit, 5]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:ensure,
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                  s(:resbody,
+                                    s(:array,
+                                      s(:const, :SyntaxError),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :e1, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                    s(:lit, 2)),
+                                  s(:resbody,
+                                    s(:array,
+                                      s(:const, :Exception),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :e2, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                    s(:lit, 3)),
+                                  s(:lit, 4)),
+                                s(:lit, 5)))
+
+  add_tests("false",
+            "Ruby"         => "false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:false))
+
+  add_tests("fbody",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :an_alias],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :an_alias,
+                               [:fbody,
+                                [:scope,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:args, :x],
+                                  [:call, [:lvar, :x], :+,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :an_alias,
+                                s(:args, :x),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def an_alias(x)\n  (x + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("fcall_arglist",
+            "Ruby"         => "m(42)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :m, [:array, [:lit, 42]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :m, s(:arglist, s(:lit, 42))))
+
+  add_tests("fcall_arglist_hash",
+            "Ruby"         => "m(:a => 1, :b => 2)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :m,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:hash,
+                                 [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                 [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("fcall_arglist_norm_hash",
+            "Ruby"         => "m(42, :a => 1, :b => 2)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :m,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:lit, 42],
+                                [:hash,
+                                 [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                 [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 42),
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("fcall_arglist_norm_hash_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "m(42, :a => 1, :b => 2, *c)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :m,
+                               [:argscat,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lit, 42],
+                                 [:hash,
+                                  [:lit, :a], [:lit, 1],
+                                  [:lit, :b], [:lit, 2]]],
+                                [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :m,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:lit, 42),
+                                  s(:hash,
+                                    s(:lit, :a), s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:lit, :b), s(:lit, 2)),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("fcall_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "a(:b) { :c }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a, [:array, [:lit, :b]]], nil,
+                               [:lit, :c]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, :b))), nil,
+                                s(:lit, :c)))
+
+  add_tests("fcall_index_space",
+            "Ruby"         => "a [42]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:fcall, :a, [:array, [:array, [:lit, 42]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:array, s(:lit, 42)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a([42])")
+
+  add_tests("fcall_keyword",
+            "Ruby"         => "42 if block_given?",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:fcall, :block_given?], [:lit, 42], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if,
+                                s(:call, nil, :block_given?, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lit, 42), nil))
+
+  add_tests("flip2",
+            "Ruby"         => "x = if ((i % 4) == 0)..((i % 3) == 0) then\n  i\nelse\n  nil\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn,
+                               :x,
+                               [:if,
+                                [:flip2,
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:call, [:vcall, :i], :%,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 4]]],
+                                  :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 0]]],
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:call, [:vcall, :i], :%,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 3]]],
+                                  :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 0]]]],
+                                [:vcall, :i],
+                                [:nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn,
+                                :x,
+                                s(:if,
+                                  s(:flip2,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 4))),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 0))),
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3))),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 0)))),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:nil))))
+
+  add_tests("flip2_method",
+            "Ruby"         => "if 1..2.a?(b) then\n  nil\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if,
+                               [:flip2,
+                                [:lit, 1],
+                                [:call, [:lit, 2], :a?,
+                                 [:array, [:vcall, :b]]]],
+                               [:nil],
+                               nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if,
+                                s(:flip2,
+                                  s(:lit, 1),
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 2), :a?,
+                                    s(:arglist,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))),
+                                s(:nil),
+                                nil))
+
+  add_tests("flip3",
+            "Ruby"         => "x = if ((i % 4) == 0)...((i % 3) == 0) then\n  i\nelse\n  nil\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn,
+                               :x,
+                               [:if,
+                                [:flip3,
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:call, [:vcall, :i], :%,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 4]]],
+                                  :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 0]]],
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:call, [:vcall, :i], :%,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 3]]],
+                                  :==,
+                                  [:array, [:lit, 0]]]],
+                                [:vcall, :i],
+                                [:nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn,
+                                :x,
+                                s(:if,
+                                  s(:flip3,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 4))),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 0))),
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                        :%,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3))),
+                                      :==,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lit, 0)))),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :i, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:nil))))
+
+  add_tests("for",
+            "Ruby"         => "for o in ary do\n  puts(o)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:for,
+                               [:vcall, :ary],
+                               [:lasgn, :o],
+                               [:fcall, :puts, [:array, [:lvar, :o]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:for,
+                                s(:call, nil, :ary, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :o),
+                                s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :o)))))
+
+  add_tests("for_no_body",
+            "Ruby"         => "for i in (0..max) do\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:for,
+                               [:dot2, [:lit, 0], [:vcall, :max]],
+                               [:lasgn, :i]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:for,
+                                s(:dot2,
+                                  s(:lit, 0),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :max, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :i)))
+
+  add_tests("gasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "$x = 42",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:gasgn, :$x, [:lit, 42]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:gasgn, :$x, s(:lit, 42)))
+
+  add_tests("global",
+            "Ruby"         => "$stderr",
+            "RawParseTree" =>  [:gvar, :$stderr],
+            "ParseTree"    =>  s(:gvar, :$stderr))
+
+  add_tests("gvar",
+            "Ruby"         => "$x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:gvar, :$x],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:gvar, :$x))
+
+  add_tests("gvar_underscore",
+            "Ruby"         => "$_",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:gvar, :$_],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:gvar, :$_))
+
+  add_tests("gvar_underscore_blah",
+            "Ruby"         => "$__blah",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:gvar, :$__blah],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:gvar, :$__blah))
+
+  add_tests("hash",
+            "Ruby"         => "{ 1 => 2, 3 => 4 }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:hash,
+                               [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2],
+                               [:lit, 3], [:lit, 4]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:hash,
+                                s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2),
+                                s(:lit, 3), s(:lit, 4)))
+
+  add_tests("hash_rescue",
+            "Ruby"         => "{ 1 => (2 rescue 3) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:hash,
+                               [:lit, 1],
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:lit, 2],
+                                [:resbody, nil, [:lit, 3]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:hash,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                s(:rescue,
+                                  s(:lit, 2),
+                                  s(:resbody, s(:array), s(:lit, 3)))))
+
+  add_tests("iasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "@a = 4",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iasgn, :@a, [:lit, 4]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iasgn, :@a, s(:lit, 4)))
+
+  add_tests("if_block_condition",
+            "Ruby"         => "if (x = 5\n(x + 1)) then\n  nil\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if,
+                               [:block,
+                                [:lasgn, :x, [:lit, 5]],
+                                [:call,
+                                 [:lvar, :x],
+                                 :+,
+                                 [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+                               [:nil],
+                               nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if,
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :x, s(:lit, 5)),
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:lvar, :x),
+                                    :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))),
+                                s(:nil),
+                                nil))
+
+  add_tests("if_lasgn_short",
+            "Ruby"         => "if x = obj.x then\n  x.do_it\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if,
+                               [:lasgn, :x,
+                                [:call, [:vcall, :obj], :x]],
+                               [:call,
+                                [:lvar, :x], :do_it],
+                               nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if,
+                                s(:lasgn, :x,
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :obj, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :x, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :do_it, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil))
+
+  add_tests("if_nested",
+            "Ruby"         => "return if false unless true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:true], nil,
+                               [:if, [:false], [:return], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:true), nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:false), s(:return), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("if_post",
+            "Ruby"         => "a if b",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], [:vcall, :a], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), nil))
+
+  add_tests("if_post_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "a if not b",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], nil, [:vcall, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a unless b")
+
+  add_tests("if_pre",
+            "Ruby"         => "if b then a end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], [:vcall, :a], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), nil),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a if b")
+
+  add_tests("if_pre_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "if not b then a end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], nil, [:vcall, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a unless b")
+
+  add_tests("iter_call_arglist_space",
+            "Ruby" => "a (1) {|c|d}",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a, [:array, [:lit, 1]]],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :c],
+                               [:vcall, :d]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :c),
+                                s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a(1) { |c| d }")
+
+  add_tests("iter_dasgn_curr_dasgn_madness",
+            "Ruby"         => "as.each { |a|\n  b += a.b(false) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :as], :each],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :a],
+                               [:dasgn_curr,
+                                :b,
+                                [:call,
+                                 [:dvar, :b],
+                                 :+,
+                                 [:array,
+                                  [:call, [:dvar, :a], :b,
+                                   [:array, [:false]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :as, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :each, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                s(:lasgn, :b,
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:lvar, :b),
+                                    :+,
+                                    s(:arglist,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :b,
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:false))))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "as.each { |a| b = (b + a.b(false)) }")
+
+  add_tests("iter_downto",
+            "Ruby"         => "3.downto(1) { |n| puts(n.to_s) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:lit, 3], :downto, [:array, [:lit, 1]]],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :n],
+                               [:fcall, :puts,
+                                [:array, [:call, [:dvar, :n], :to_s]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 3), :downto,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :n),
+                                s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                  s(:arglist,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :n),
+                                      :to_s, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_each_lvar",
+            "Ruby"         => "array = [1, 2, 3]\narray.each { |x| puts(x.to_s) }\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :array,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]],
+                               [:iter,
+                                [:call, [:lvar, :array], :each],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                [:fcall, :puts,
+                                 [:array, [:call, [:dvar, :x], :to_s]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :array,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3))),
+                                s(:iter,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lvar, :array), :each,
+                                    s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:call, s(:lvar, :x),
+                                                  :to_s, s(:arglist)))))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_each_nested",
+            "Ruby"         => "array1 = [1, 2, 3]\narray2 = [4, 5, 6, 7]\narray1.each do |x|\n  array2.each do |y|\n    puts(x.to_s)\n    puts(y.to_s)\n  end\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :array1,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]],
+                               [:lasgn, :array2,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lit, 4], [:lit, 5], [:lit, 6], [:lit, 7]]],
+                               [:iter,
+                                [:call,
+                                 [:lvar, :array1], :each],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                [:iter,
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:lvar, :array2], :each],
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :y],
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:fcall, :puts,
+                                   [:array, [:call, [:dvar, :x], :to_s]]],
+                                  [:fcall, :puts,
+                                   [:array, [:call, [:dvar, :y], :to_s]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :array1,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :array2,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lit, 4), s(:lit, 5),
+                                    s(:lit, 6), s(:lit, 7))),
+                                s(:iter,
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:lvar, :array1), :each, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                  s(:iter,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:lvar, :array2), :each, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :y),
+                                    s(:block,
+                                      s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                        s(:arglist,
+                                          s(:call, s(:lvar, :x),
+                                            :to_s, s(:arglist)))),
+                                      s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                        s(:arglist,
+                                          s(:call, s(:lvar, :y),
+                                            :to_s, s(:arglist)))))))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_loop_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter, [:fcall, :loop], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter, s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)), nil))
+
+  add_tests("iter_masgn_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "a { |b, c| p(c) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array, [:dasgn_curr, :b], [:dasgn_curr, :c]],
+                                nil, nil],
+                               [:fcall, :p, [:array, [:dvar, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array, s(:lasgn, :b), s(:lasgn, :c))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :p, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :c)))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_masgn_args_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "a { |b, c, *d| p(c) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array, [:dasgn_curr, :b], [:dasgn_curr, :c]],
+                                [:dasgn_curr, :d], nil],
+                               [:fcall, :p, [:array, [:dvar, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :c),
+                                    s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :d)))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :p, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :c)))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_masgn_args_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "a { |b, c, *| p(c) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array, [:dasgn_curr, :b], [:dasgn_curr, :c]],
+                                [:splat], nil],
+                               [:fcall, :p, [:array, [:dvar, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :c),
+                                    s(:splat))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :p, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :c)))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_masgn_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "a { |*c| p(c) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:masgn, nil, [:dasgn_curr, :c], nil],
+                               [:fcall, :p, [:array, [:dvar, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn, s(:array, s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :c)))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :p, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :c)))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_masgn_splat_no_name",
+            "Ruby"         => "a { |*| p(c) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:masgn, nil, [:splat], nil],
+                               [:fcall, :p, [:array, [:vcall, :c]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn, s(:array, s(:splat))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :p,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_shadowed_var",
+            "Ruby"         => "a do |x|\n  b do |x|\n    puts x\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :a],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                               [:iter,
+                                [:fcall, :b],
+                                [:dasgn, :x],
+                                [:fcall, :puts, [:array, [:dvar, :x]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                s(:iter,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :x))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a { |x| b { |x| puts(x) } }")
+
+  add_tests("iter_upto",
+            "Ruby"         => "1.upto(3) { |n| puts(n.to_s) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :upto, [:array, [:lit, 3]]],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :n],
+                               [:fcall, :puts,
+                                [:array, [:call, [:dvar, :n], :to_s]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :upto,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :n),
+                                s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                  s(:arglist,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :n), :to_s,
+                                      s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("iter_while",
+            "Ruby"         => "argl = 10\nwhile (argl >= 1) do\n  puts(\"hello\")\n  argl = (argl - 1)\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :argl, [:lit, 10]],
+                               [:while,
+                                [:call, [:lvar, :argl], :">=",
+                                 [:array, [:lit, 1]]],
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:fcall, :puts, [:array, [:str, "hello"]]],
+                                 [:lasgn,
+                                  :argl,
+                                  [:call, [:lvar, :argl],
+                                   :"-", [:array, [:lit, 1]]]]], true]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :argl, s(:lit, 10)),
+                                s(:while,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lvar, :argl), :">=",
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))),
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:str, "hello"))),
+                                    s(:lasgn,
+                                      :argl,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :argl), :"-",
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))))), true)))
+
+  add_tests("ivar",
+            "Ruby"         => [Examples, :reader],
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :reader, [:ivar, :@reader]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :reader, # FIX should be unified?
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:ivar, :@reader)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "attr_reader :reader")
+
+  add_tests("lasgn_array",
+            "Ruby"         => "var = [\"foo\", \"bar\"]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :var,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:str, "foo"],
+                                [:str, "bar"]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :var,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:str, "foo"),
+                                  s(:str, "bar"))))
+
+  add_tests("lasgn_call",
+            "Ruby"         => "c = (2 + 3)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :c, [:call, [:lit, 2], :+,
+                                            [:array, [:lit, 3]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :c, s(:call, s(:lit, 2), :+,
+                                              s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3)))))
+
+  add_tests("lit_bool_false",
+            "Ruby"         => "false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:false))
+
+  add_tests("lit_bool_true",
+            "Ruby"         => "true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:true))
+
+  add_tests("lit_float",
+            "Ruby"         => "1.1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, 1.1],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, 1.1))
+
+  add_tests("lit_long",
+            "Ruby"         => "1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, 1],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, 1))
+
+  add_tests("lit_long_negative",
+            "Ruby"         => "-1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, -1],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, -1))
+
+  add_tests("lit_range2",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1..10)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, 1..10],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, 1..10))
+
+  add_tests("lit_range3",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1...10)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, 1...10],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, 1...10))
+
+# TODO: discuss and decide which lit we like
+#   it "converts a regexp to an sexp" do
+#     "/blah/".to_sexp.should == s(:regex, "blah", 0)
+#     "/blah/i".to_sexp.should == s(:regex, "blah", 1)
+#     "/blah/u".to_sexp.should == s(:regex, "blah", 64)
+#   end
+
+  add_tests("lit_regexp",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, /x/],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, /x/))
+
+  add_tests("lit_regexp_i_wwtt",
+            "Ruby"         => 'str.split(//i)',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:vcall, :str], :split,
+                               [:array, [:lit, //i]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:call, nil, :str, s(:arglist)), :split,
+                                s(:arglist, s(:lit, //i))))
+
+  add_tests("lit_regexp_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x/n", # HACK differs on 1.9 - this is easiest
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, /x/n],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, /x/n),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => /x/n.inspect)
+
+  add_tests("lit_regexp_once",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x/o",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, /x/],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, /x/),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "/x/")
+
+  add_tests("lit_sym",
+            "Ruby"         => ":x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, :x],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, :x))
+
+  add_tests("lit_sym_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => ":\"*args\"",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lit, :"*args"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lit, :"*args"))
+
+  add_tests("lvar_def_boundary",
+            "Ruby"         => "b = 42\ndef a\n  c do\n    begin\n      do_stuff\n    rescue RuntimeError => b\n      puts(b)\n    end\n  end\nend\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :b, [:lit, 42]],
+                               [:defn, :a,
+                                [:scope,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:args],
+                                  [:iter,
+                                   [:fcall, :c],
+                                   nil,
+                                   [:begin,
+                                    [:rescue,
+                                     [:vcall, :do_stuff],
+                                     [:resbody,
+                                      [:array, [:const, :RuntimeError]],
+                                      [:block,
+                                       [:dasgn_curr, :b, [:gvar, :$!]],
+                                       [:fcall, :puts,
+                                        [:array, [:dvar, :b]]]]]]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lit, 42)),
+                                s(:defn, :a,
+                                  s(:args),
+                                  s(:scope,
+                                    s(:block,
+                                      s(:iter,
+                                        s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                        nil,
+                                        s(:rescue,
+                                          s(:call, nil, :do_stuff, s(:arglist)),
+                                          s(:resbody,
+                                            s(:array,
+                                              s(:const, :RuntimeError),
+                                              s(:lasgn, :b, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                            s(:call, nil, :puts,
+                                              s(:arglist,
+                                                s(:lvar, :b)))))))))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b = c, d",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]], nil,
+                               [:array,  [:vcall, :c], [:vcall, :d]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array, s(:lasgn, :a), s(:lasgn, :b)),
+                                s(:array, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_argscat",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, *c = 1, 2, *[3, 4]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]],
+                               [:lasgn, :c],
+                               [:argscat,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2]],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 3], [:lit, 4]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :c))),
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2),
+                                  s(:splat,
+                                    s(:array, s(:lit, 3), s(:lit, 4))))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_attrasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b.c = d, e",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a],
+                                [:attrasgn, [:vcall, :b], :c=]], nil,
+                               [:array, [:vcall, :d], [:vcall, :e]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:attrasgn,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :c=, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :e, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_attrasgn_array_rhs",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.b, a.c, _ = q",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                                [:array,
+                                  [:attrasgn, [:vcall, :a], :b=],
+                                  [:attrasgn, [:vcall, :a], :c=],
+                                  [:lasgn, :_]], nil,
+                                [:to_ary, [:vcall, :q]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:attrasgn,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :b=, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:attrasgn,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :c=, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :_)),
+                                s(:to_ary,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :q, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_attrasgn_idx",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, i, j = [], 1, 2\na[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :i], [:lasgn, :j]], nil,
+                                [:array, [:zarray], [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2]]],
+                               [:masgn,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:attrasgn,
+                                  [:lvar, :a], :[]=, [:array, [:lvar, :i]]],
+                                 [:attrasgn,
+                                  [:lvar, :a], :[]=, [:array, [:lvar, :j]]]],
+                                nil,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :a], :[],
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :j]]],
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :a], :[],
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :i]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :i), s(:lasgn, :j)),
+                                  s(:array, s(:array), s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2))),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:attrasgn, s(:lvar, :a), :[]=,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :i))),
+                                    s(:attrasgn, s(:lvar, :a), :[]=,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :j)))),
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :[],
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :j))),
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :[],
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :i)))))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_cdecl",
+            "Ruby"         => "A, B, C = 1, 2, 3",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:cdecl, :A], [:cdecl, :B],
+                                [:cdecl, :C]], nil,
+                               [:array, [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                               s(:array, s(:cdecl, :A), s(:cdecl, :B),
+                                s(:cdecl, :C)),
+                               s(:array, s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3))))
+
+
+  add_tests("masgn_iasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, @b = c, d",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:iasgn, :"@b"]], nil,
+                               [:array,  [:vcall, :c], [:vcall, :d]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array, s(:lasgn, :a), s(:iasgn, :"@b")),
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_masgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, (b, c) = [1, [2, 3]]",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array,
+                                [:lasgn, :a],
+                                [:masgn,
+                                 [:array,
+                                  [:lasgn, :b],
+                                  [:lasgn, :c]], nil, nil]],
+                               nil,
+                               [:to_ary,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:lit, 1],
+                                 [:array,
+                                  [:lit, 2],
+                                  [:lit, 3]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:masgn,
+                                    s(:array,
+                                      s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :c)))),
+                                s(:to_ary,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lit, 1),
+                                    s(:array,
+                                      s(:lit, 2),
+                                      s(:lit, 3))))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, *c = d, e, f, g",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]],
+                               [:lasgn, :c],
+                               [:array,
+                                [:vcall, :d], [:vcall, :e],
+                                [:vcall, :f], [:vcall, :g]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :c))),
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :e, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :f, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :g, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_splat_no_name_to_ary",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, * = c",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]],
+                               [:splat],
+                               [:to_ary, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                  s(:splat)),
+                                s(:to_ary, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_splat_no_name_trailing",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, = c",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]], nil,
+                               [:to_ary, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array, s(:lasgn, :a), s(:lasgn, :b)),
+                                s(:to_ary, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a, b = c") # TODO: check this is right
+
+  add_tests("masgn_splat_to_ary",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, *c = d",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]],
+                               [:lasgn, :c],
+                               [:to_ary, [:vcall, :d]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :c))),
+                                s(:to_ary, s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("masgn_splat_to_ary2",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b, *c = d.e(\"f\")",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]],
+                               [:lasgn, :c],
+                               [:to_ary,
+                                [:call, [:vcall, :d], :e,
+                                 [:array, [:str, 'f']]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array,
+                                  s(:lasgn, :a),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :b),
+                                  s(:splat, s(:lasgn, :c))),
+                                s(:to_ary,
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :e,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:str, 'f'))))))
+
+  add_tests("match",
+            "Ruby"         => "1 if /x/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:match, [:lit, /x/]], [:lit, 1], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:match, s(:lit, /x/)), s(:lit, 1), nil))
+
+  add_tests("match2",
+            "Ruby"         => "/x/ =~ \"blah\"",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:match2, [:lit, /x/], [:str, "blah"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:match2, s(:lit, /x/), s(:str, "blah")))
+
+  add_tests("match3",
+            "Ruby"         => "\"blah\" =~ /x/",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:match3, [:lit, /x/], [:str, "blah"]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:match3, s(:lit, /x/), s(:str, "blah")))
+
+  add_tests("module",
+            "Ruby"         => "module X\n  def y\n    # do nothing\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:module, :X,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:defn, :y,
+                                 [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:nil]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:module, :X,
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:defn, :y,
+                                    s(:args),
+                                    s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))))
+
+  add_tests("module_scoped",
+            "Ruby"         => "module X::Y\n  c\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:module, [:colon2, [:const, :X], :Y],
+                               [:scope, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:module, s(:colon2, s(:const, :X), :Y),
+                                s(:scope, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("module_scoped3",
+            "Ruby"         => "module ::Y\n  c\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:module, [:colon3, :Y], [:scope, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:module,
+                                s(:colon3, :Y),
+                                s(:scope, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("next",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { next if false }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :loop],
+                               nil,
+                               [:if, [:false], [:next], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:false), s(:next), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("next_arg",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { next 42 if false }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :loop],
+                               nil,
+                               [:if, [:false], [:next, [:lit, 42]], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:false), s(:next, s(:lit, 42)), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("not",
+            "Ruby"         => "(not true)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:not, [:true]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:not, s(:true)))
+
+  add_tests("nth_ref",
+            "Ruby"         => "$1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:nth_ref, 1],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:nth_ref, 1))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn1",
+            "Ruby"         => "b = []\nb[1] ||= 10\nb[2] &&= 11\nb[3] += 12\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :b, [:zarray]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:lvar, :b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]], :"||", [:lit, 10]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:lvar, :b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 2]], :"&&", [:lit, 11]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:lvar, :b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 3]], :+, [:lit, 12]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :b, s(:array)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:lvar, :b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)), :"||", s(:lit, 10)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:lvar, :b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 2)), :"&&", s(:lit, 11)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:lvar, :b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3)), :+, s(:lit, 12))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn1_ivar",
+            "Ruby"         => "@b = []\n@b[1] ||= 10\n@b[2] &&= 11\n@b[3] += 12\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:iasgn, :@b, [:zarray]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:ivar, :@b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]], :"||", [:lit, 10]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:ivar, :@b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 2]], :"&&", [:lit, 11]],
+                               [:op_asgn1, [:ivar, :@b],
+                                [:array, [:lit, 3]], :+, [:lit, 12]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:iasgn, :@b, s(:array)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:ivar, :@b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)), :"||", s(:lit, 10)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:ivar, :@b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 2)), :"&&", s(:lit, 11)),
+                                s(:op_asgn1, s(:ivar, :@b),
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 3)), :+, s(:lit, 12))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn2",
+            "Ruby"         => "s = Struct.new(:var)\nc = s.new(nil)\nc.var ||= 20\nc.var &&= 21\nc.var += 22\nc.d.e.f ||= 42\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :s,
+                                [:call, [:const, :Struct],
+                                 :new, [:array, [:lit, :var]]]],
+                               [:lasgn, :c,
+                                [:call, [:lvar, :s], :new, [:array, [:nil]]]],
+
+                               [:op_asgn2, [:lvar, :c], :var=, :"||",
+                                [:lit, 20]],
+                               [:op_asgn2, [:lvar, :c], :var=, :"&&",
+                                [:lit, 21]],
+                               [:op_asgn2, [:lvar, :c], :var=, :+, [:lit, 22]],
+
+                               [:op_asgn2,
+                                [:call,
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :c], :d], :e], :f=, :"||",
+                                [:lit, 42]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :s,
+                                  s(:call, s(:const, :Struct),
+                                    :new, s(:arglist, s(:lit, :var)))),
+                                s(:lasgn, :c,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lvar, :s),
+                                    :new, s(:arglist, s(:nil)))),
+                                s(:op_asgn2, s(:lvar, :c),
+                                  :var=, :"||", s(:lit, 20)),
+                                s(:op_asgn2, s(:lvar, :c),
+                                  :var=, :"&&", s(:lit, 21)),
+                                s(:op_asgn2, s(:lvar, :c),
+                                  :var=, :+, s(:lit, 22)),
+                                s(:op_asgn2,
+                                  s(:call,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :c), :d, s(:arglist)),
+                                    :e, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :f=, :"||", s(:lit, 42))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn2_self",
+            "Ruby"         => "self.Bag ||= Bag.new",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:op_asgn2, [:self], :"Bag=", :"||",
+                               [:call, [:const, :Bag], :new]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:op_asgn2, s(:self), :"Bag=", :"||",
+                                s(:call, s(:const, :Bag), :new, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_and",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = 0\na &&= 2\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 0]],
+                               [:op_asgn_and,
+                                [:lvar, :a], [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 2]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 0)),
+                                s(:op_asgn_and,
+                                  s(:lvar, :a), s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_and_ivar2",
+            "Ruby"         => "@fetcher &&= new(Gem.configuration[:http_proxy])",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:op_asgn_and,
+                               [:ivar, :@fetcher],
+                               [:iasgn,
+                                :@fetcher,
+                                [:fcall,
+                                 :new,
+                                 [:array,
+                                  [:call,
+                                   [:call, [:const, :Gem], :configuration],
+                                   :[],
+                                   [:array, [:lit, :http_proxy]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:op_asgn_and,
+                                s(:ivar, :@fetcher),
+                                s(:iasgn,
+                                  :@fetcher,
+                                  s(:call, nil,
+                                    :new,
+                                    s(:arglist,
+                                      s(:call,
+                                        s(:call, s(:const, :Gem),
+                                          :configuration,
+                                          s(:arglist)),
+                                        :[],
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, :http_proxy))))))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_or",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = 0\na ||= 1\n",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 0]],
+                               [:op_asgn_or,
+                                [:lvar, :a], [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 0)),
+                                s(:op_asgn_or,
+                                  s(:lvar, :a), s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 1)))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_or_block",
+            "Ruby"         => "a ||= begin\n        b\n      rescue\n        c\n      end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:op_asgn_or,
+                               [:lvar, :a],
+                               [:lasgn, :a,
+                                [:rescue,
+                                 [:vcall, :b],
+                                 [:resbody, nil, [:vcall, :c]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:op_asgn_or,
+                                s(:lvar, :a),
+                                s(:lasgn, :a,
+                                  s(:rescue,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:resbody, s(:array),
+                                      s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a ||= b rescue c")
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_or_ivar",
+            "Ruby"         => "@v ||= {  }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:op_asgn_or,
+                               [:ivar, :@v],
+                               [:iasgn, :@v, [:hash]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:op_asgn_or,
+                                s(:ivar, :@v),
+                                s(:iasgn, :@v, s(:hash))))
+
+  add_tests("op_asgn_or_ivar2",
+            "Ruby"         => "@fetcher ||= new(Gem.configuration[:http_proxy])",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:op_asgn_or,
+                               [:ivar, :@fetcher],
+                               [:iasgn,
+                                :@fetcher,
+                                [:fcall,
+                                 :new,
+                                 [:array,
+                                  [:call,
+                                   [:call, [:const, :Gem], :configuration],
+                                   :[],
+                                   [:array, [:lit, :http_proxy]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:op_asgn_or,
+                                s(:ivar, :@fetcher),
+                                s(:iasgn,
+                                  :@fetcher,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :new,
+                                    s(:arglist,
+                                      s(:call,
+                                        s(:call, s(:const, :Gem),
+                                          :configuration,
+                                          s(:arglist)),
+                                        :[],
+                                        s(:arglist, s(:lit, :http_proxy))))))))
+
+  add_tests("or",
+            "Ruby"         => "(a or b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:or, [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:or,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("or_big",
+            "Ruby"         => "((a or b) or (c and d))",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:or,
+                               [:or,  [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+                               [:and, [:vcall, :c], [:vcall, :d]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:or,
+                                s(:or,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:and,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("or_big2",
+            "Ruby"         => "((a || b) || (c && d))",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:or,
+                               [:or,  [:vcall, :a], [:vcall, :b]],
+                               [:and, [:vcall, :c], [:vcall, :d]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:or,
+                                s(:or,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:and,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "((a or b) or (c and d))")
+
+  add_tests("parse_floats_as_args",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(a=0.0,b=0.0)\n  a+b\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :a, :b,
+                                  [:block,
+                                   [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 0.0]],
+                                   [:lasgn, :b, [:lit, 0.0]]]],
+                                 [:call, [:lvar, :a], :+,
+                                  [:array, [:lvar, :b]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :a, :b,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :a, s(:lit, 0.0)),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :b, s(:lit, 0.0)))),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, s(:lvar, :a), :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :b)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "def x(a = 0.0, b = 0.0)\n  (a + b)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("postexe",
+            "Ruby"         => "END { 1 }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter, [:postexe], nil, [:lit, 1]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter, s(:postexe), nil, s(:lit, 1)))
+
+  add_tests("proc_args_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "proc { || (x + 1) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :proc],
+                               0,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :x], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
+                                0,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :x, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))
+
+  add_tests("proc_args_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "proc { |x| (x + 1) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :proc],
+                               [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                               [:call, [:dvar, :x], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))
+
+  add_tests("proc_args_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "proc { |x, y| (x + y) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :proc],
+                               [:masgn, [:array,
+                                         [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                         [:dasgn_curr, :y]], nil, nil],
+                               [:call, [:dvar, :x], :+, [:array, [:dvar, :y]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :y))),
+                                s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :y)))))
+
+  add_tests("proc_args_no",
+            "Ruby"         => "proc { (x + 1) }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :proc],
+                               nil,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :x], :+, [:array, [:lit, 1]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:call, s(:call, nil, :x, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :+, s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1)))))
+
+  add_tests("redo",
+            "Ruby"         => "loop { redo if false }",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:fcall, :loop], nil,
+                               [:if, [:false], [:redo], nil]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call, nil, :loop, s(:arglist)),
+                                nil,
+                                s(:if, s(:false), s(:redo), nil)))
+
+  # TODO: need a resbody w/ multiple classes and a splat
+
+  add_tests("rescue",
+            "Ruby"         => "blah rescue nil",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:rescue,
+                               [:vcall, :blah], [:resbody, nil, [:nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :blah, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody, s(:array), s(:nil))))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_block_body",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  a\nrescue => e\n  c\n  d\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:vcall, :a],
+                                [:resbody, nil,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:lasgn, :e, [:gvar, :$!]],
+                                  [:vcall, :c],
+                                  [:vcall, :d]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array, s(:lasgn, :e, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_block_body_ivar",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  a\nrescue => @e\n  c\n  d\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:vcall, :a],
+                                [:resbody, nil,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:iasgn, :@e, [:gvar, :$!]],
+                                  [:vcall, :c],
+                                  [:vcall, :d]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array, s(:iasgn, :@e, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_block_body_3",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  a\nrescue A\n  b\nrescue B\n  c\nrescue C\n  d\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:vcall, :a],
+                                [:resbody, [:array, [:const, :A]],
+                                 [:vcall, :b],
+                                 [:resbody, [:array, [:const, :B]],
+                                  [:vcall, :c],
+                                  [:resbody, [:array, [:const, :C]],
+                                   [:vcall, :d]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody, s(:array, s(:const, :A)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:resbody, s(:array, s(:const, :B)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist))),
+                                s(:resbody, s(:array, s(:const, :C)),
+                                  s(:call, nil, :d, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_block_nada",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  blah\nrescue\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue, [:vcall, :blah], [:resbody, nil]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :blah, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody, s(:array), nil)))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_exceptions",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  blah\nrescue RuntimeError => r\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:vcall, :blah],
+                                [:resbody,
+                                 [:array, [:const, :RuntimeError]],
+                                 [:lasgn, :r, [:gvar, :$!]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:call, nil, :blah, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array,
+                                    s(:const, :RuntimeError),
+                                    s(:lasgn, :r, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+
+  add_tests("rescue_lasgn",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  1\nrescue\n  var = 2\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:lit, 1],
+                                [:resbody, nil, [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 2]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 2)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "1 rescue var = 2")
+
+  add_tests("rescue_lasgn_var",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  1\nrescue => e\n  var = 2\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:lit, 1],
+                                [:resbody, nil,
+                                 [:block,
+                                  [:lasgn, :e, [:gvar, :$!]],
+                                  [:lasgn, :var, [:lit, 2]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array, s(:lasgn, :e, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  s(:lasgn, :var, s(:lit, 2)))))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_lasgn_var_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  1\nrescue => e\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:lit, 1],
+                                [:resbody, nil, [:lasgn, :e, [:gvar, :$!]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array, s(:lasgn, :e, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  nil)))
+
+  add_tests("rescue_iasgn_var_empty",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  1\nrescue => @e\n  # do nothing\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:begin,
+                               [:rescue,
+                                [:lit, 1],
+                                [:resbody, nil, [:iasgn, :@e, [:gvar, :$!]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:rescue,
+                                s(:lit, 1),
+                                s(:resbody,
+                                  s(:array, s(:iasgn, :@e, s(:gvar, :$!))),
+                                  nil)))
+  add_tests("retry",
+            "Ruby"         => "retry",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:retry],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:retry))
+
+  add_tests("return_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "return",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:return],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:return))
+
+  add_tests("return_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "return 1",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:return, [:lit, 1]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:return, s(:lit, 1)))
+
+  add_tests("return_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "return 1, 2, 3",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:return, [:array,
+                                         [:lit, 1], [:lit, 2], [:lit, 3]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:return, s(:array,
+                                           s(:lit, 1), s(:lit, 2), s(:lit, 3))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "return [1, 2, 3]")
+
+  add_tests("sclass",
+            "Ruby"         => "class << self\n  42\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:sclass, [:self], [:scope, [:lit, 42]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:sclass, s(:self), s(:scope, s(:lit, 42))))
+
+  add_tests("sclass_trailing_class",
+            "Ruby"         => "class A\n  class << self\n    a\n  end\n  class B\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:class, :A, nil,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:sclass, [:self], [:scope, [:vcall, :a]]],
+                                 [:class, :B, nil, [:scope]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:class, :A, nil,
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:sclass, s(:self),
+                                      s(:scope,
+                                        s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)))),
+                                    s(:class, :B, nil, s(:scope))))))
+
+  add_tests("splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x(*b)\n  a(*b)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args, :"*b"],
+                                 [:fcall, :a, [:splat, [:lvar, :b]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args, :"*b"),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :a,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:splat, s(:lvar, :b))))))))
+
+  add_tests("str",
+            "Ruby"         => '"x"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "x"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "x"))
+
+  add_tests("str_concat_newline", # FIX? make prettier? possible?
+            "Ruby"         => '"before" \\
+  " after"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "before after"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "before after"),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"before after"')
+
+  add_tests("str_concat_space",
+            "Ruby"         => '"before" " after"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "before after"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "before after"),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"before after"')
+
+  add_tests("str_heredoc",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<'EOM'\n  blah\nblah\nEOM",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "  blah\nblah\n"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "  blah\nblah\n"),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"  blah\\nblah\\n\"")
+
+  add_tests("str_heredoc_call",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<'EOM'.strip\n  blah\nblah\nEOM",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:str, "  blah\nblah\n"], :strip],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:str, "  blah\nblah\n"),
+                                :strip, s(:arglist)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"  blah\\nblah\\n\".strip")
+
+  add_tests("str_heredoc_double",
+            "Ruby"         => "a += <<-H1 + b + <<-H2\n  first\nH1\n  second\nH2",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :a,
+                               [:call,
+                                [:lvar, :a],
+                                :+,
+                                [:array,
+                                 [:call,
+                                  [:call, [:str, "  first\n"], :+,
+                                   [:array, [:vcall, :b]]],
+                                  :+,
+                                  [:array, [:str, "  second\n"]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :a,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:lvar, :a),
+                                  :+,
+                                  s(:arglist,
+                                    s(:call,
+                                      s(:call, s(:str, "  first\n"), :+,
+                                        s(:arglist,
+                                          s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)))),
+                                      :+,
+                                      s(:arglist, s(:str, "  second\n")))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a = (a + ((\"  first\\n\" + b) + \"  second\\n\"))")
+
+  add_tests("str_heredoc_indent",
+            "Ruby"         => "<<-EOM\n  blah\nblah\n\n  EOM",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "  blah\nblah\n\n"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "  blah\nblah\n\n"),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "\"  blah\\nblah\\n\\n\"")
+
+  add_tests("str_interp_file",
+            "Ruby"         => '"file = #{__FILE__}\n"',
+            "RawParseTree" => [:str, "file = (string)\n"],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:str, "file = (string)\n"),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => '"file = (string)\\n"')
+
+  add_tests("structure_extra_block_for_dvar_scoping",
+            "Ruby"         => "a.b do |c, d|\n  unless e.f(c) then\n    g = false\n    d.h { |x, i| g = true }\n  end\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:iter,
+                               [:call, [:vcall, :a], :b],
+                               [:masgn, [:array,
+                                         [:dasgn_curr, :c],
+                                         [:dasgn_curr, :d]], nil, nil],
+                               [:if,
+                                [:call, [:vcall, :e], :f,
+                                 [:array, [:dvar, :c]]],
+                                nil,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:dasgn_curr, :g, [:false]],
+                                 [:iter,
+                                  [:call, [:dvar, :d], :h],
+                                  [:masgn, [:array,
+                                            [:dasgn_curr, :x],
+                                            [:dasgn_curr, :i]], nil, nil],
+                                  [:dasgn, :g, [:true]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:iter,
+                                s(:call,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                  :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:masgn, s(:array,
+                                            s(:lasgn, :c),
+                                            s(:lasgn, :d))),
+                                s(:if,
+                                  s(:call, s(:call, nil, :e, s(:arglist)), :f,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :c))),
+                                  nil,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:lasgn, :g, s(:false)),
+                                    s(:iter,
+                                      s(:call, s(:lvar, :d), :h, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:masgn, s(:array,
+                                                  s(:lasgn, :x),
+                                                  s(:lasgn, :i))),
+                                      s(:lasgn, :g, s(:true)))))))
+
+  add_tests("structure_remove_begin_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "a << begin\n       b\n     rescue\n       c\n     end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:call, [:vcall, :a], :<<,
+                               [:array, [:rescue, [:vcall, :b],
+                                         [:resbody, nil, [:vcall, :c]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), :<<,
+                                s(:arglist,
+                                  s(:rescue,
+                                    s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:resbody, s(:array),
+                                      s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "(a << b rescue c)")
+
+  add_tests("structure_remove_begin_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = if c\n      begin\n        b\n      rescue\n        nil\n      end\n    end\na",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:lasgn,
+                                :a,
+                                [:if, [:vcall, :c],
+                                 [:rescue,
+                                  [:vcall, :b],
+                                  [:resbody, nil, [:nil]]],
+                                 nil]],
+                               [:lvar, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:lasgn,
+                                  :a,
+                                  s(:if, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)),
+                                    s(:rescue, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                      s(:resbody,
+                                        s(:array), s(:nil))),
+                                    nil)),
+                                s(:lvar, :a)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a = b rescue nil if c\na\n") # OMG that's awesome
+
+  add_tests("structure_unused_literal_wwtt",
+            "Ruby"         => "\"prevent the above from infecting rdoc\"\n\nmodule Graffle\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:module, :Graffle, [:scope]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:module, :Graffle, s(:scope)),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "module Graffle\nend")
+
+  add_tests("super_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  super()\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block, [:args], [:super]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:super)))))
+
+  add_tests("super_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  super(4)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:super, [:array, [:lit, 4]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:super, s(:lit, 4))))))
+
+  add_tests("super_1_array",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  super([24, 42])\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:super,
+                                  [:array,
+                                   [:array, [:lit, 24], [:lit, 42]]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:super, s(:array,
+                                                s(:lit, 24),
+                                                s(:lit, 42)))))))
+
+  add_tests("super_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  super(24, 42)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope,
+                                [:block,
+                                 [:args],
+                                 [:super, [:array, [:lit, 24], [:lit, 42]]]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x,
+                                s(:args),
+                                s(:scope,
+                                  s(:block,
+                                    s(:super, s(:lit, 24), s(:lit, 42))))))
+
+  add_tests("super_block_pass",
+            "Ruby"         => "super(a, &b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block_pass,
+                               [:vcall, :b], [:super, [:array, [:vcall, :a]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:super,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:block_pass,
+                                  s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("super_block_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "super(a, *b)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:super,
+                               [:argscat,
+                                [:array, [:vcall, :a]],
+                                [:vcall, :b]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:super,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("svalue",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = *b",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :a, [:svalue, [:splat, [:vcall, :b]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :a,
+                                s(:svalue,
+                                  s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist))))))
+
+  add_tests("to_ary",
+            "Ruby"         => "a, b = c",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:masgn,
+                               [:array, [:lasgn, :a], [:lasgn, :b]], nil,
+                               [:to_ary, [:vcall, :c]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:masgn,
+                                s(:array, s(:lasgn, :a), s(:lasgn, :b)),
+                                s(:to_ary, s(:call, nil, :c, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("true",
+            "Ruby"         => "true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:true))
+
+  add_tests("undef",
+            "Ruby"         => "undef :x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)))
+
+  add_tests("undef_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "undef :x, :y",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :y]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :y))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "undef :x\nundef :y\n")
+
+  add_tests("undef_3",
+            "Ruby"         => "undef :x, :y, :z",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :y]],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :z]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :y)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :z))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "undef :x\nundef :y\nundef :z\n")
+
+  add_tests("undef_block_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "f1\nundef :x\n", # TODO: don't like the extra return
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:vcall, :f1],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :x]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:call, nil, :f1, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :x))))
+
+  add_tests("undef_block_2",
+            "Ruby"         => "f1\nundef :x, :y",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:vcall, :f1],
+                               [:block,
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :y]],
+                               ]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:call, nil, :f1, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :y)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "f1\n(undef :x\nundef :y)\n")
+
+  add_tests("undef_block_3",
+            "Ruby"         => "f1\nundef :x, :y, :z",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:vcall, :f1],
+                               [:block,
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :y]],
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :z]],
+                               ]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:call, nil, :f1, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :y)),
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :z)))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "f1\n(undef :x\nundef :y\nundef :z)\n")
+
+  add_tests("undef_block_3_post",
+            "Ruby"         => "undef :x, :y, :z\nf2",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :y]],
+                               [:undef, [:lit, :z]],
+                               [:vcall, :f2]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :y)),
+                                s(:undef, s(:lit, :z)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :f2, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "undef :x\nundef :y\nundef :z\nf2\n")
+
+  add_tests("undef_block_wtf",
+            "Ruby"         => "f1\nundef :x, :y, :z\nf2",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:block,
+                               [:vcall, :f1],
+                               [:block,
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :x]],
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :y]],
+                                [:undef, [:lit, :z]]],
+                               [:vcall, :f2]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:block,
+                                s(:call, nil, :f1, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :x)),
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :y)),
+                                  s(:undef, s(:lit, :z))),
+                                s(:call, nil, :f2, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "f1\n(undef :x\nundef :y\nundef :z)\nf2\n")
+
+
+  add_tests("unless_post",
+            "Ruby"         => "a unless b",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], nil, [:vcall, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist))))
+
+  add_tests("unless_post_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "a unless not b",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], [:vcall, :a], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), nil),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a if b")
+
+  add_tests("unless_pre",
+            "Ruby"         => "unless b then a end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], nil, [:vcall, :a]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)), nil,
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist))),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a unless b")
+
+  add_tests("unless_pre_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "unless not b then a end",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:if, [:vcall, :b], [:vcall, :a], nil],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:if, s(:call, nil, :b, s(:arglist)),
+                                s(:call, nil, :a, s(:arglist)), nil),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "a if b")
+
+  add_tests("until_post",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend until false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), false))
+
+  add_tests("until_post_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend until not true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), false),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend while true")
+
+  add_tests("until_pre",
+            "Ruby"         => "until false do\n  (1 + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true))
+
+  add_tests("until_pre_mod",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1 + 1) until false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "until false do\n  (1 + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("until_pre_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "until not true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "while true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("until_pre_not_mod",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1 + 1) until not true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "while true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("valias",
+            "Ruby"         => "alias $y $x",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:valias, :$y, :$x],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:valias, :$y, :$x))
+
+  add_tests("vcall",
+            "Ruby"         => "method",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:vcall, :method],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:call, nil, :method, s(:arglist)))
+
+  add_tests("while_post",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend while false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), false))
+
+  add_tests("while_post2",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 2)\n  (3 + 4)\nend while false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:false],
+                               [:block,
+                                [:call, [:lit, 1], :+, [:array, [:lit, 2]]],
+                                [:call, [:lit, 3], :+, [:array, [:lit, 4]]]],
+                               false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:false),
+                                s(:block,
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 2))),
+                                  s(:call, s(:lit, 3), :+,
+                                    s(:arglist, s(:lit, 4)))),
+                                false))
+
+  add_tests("while_post_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend while not true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], false],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), false),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "begin\n  (1 + 1)\nend until true")
+
+  add_tests("while_pre",
+            "Ruby"         => "while false do\n  (1 + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true))
+
+  add_tests("while_pre_mod",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1 + 1) while false",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:false],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:false),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "while false do\n  (1 + 1)\nend") # FIX can be one liner
+
+  add_tests("while_pre_nil",
+            "Ruby"         => "while false do\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:while, [:false], nil, true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:while, s(:false), nil, true))
+
+  add_tests("while_pre_not",
+            "Ruby"         => "while not true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "until true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend")
+
+  add_tests("while_pre_not_mod",
+            "Ruby"         => "(1 + 1) while not true",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:until, [:true],
+                               [:call, [:lit, 1], :+,
+                                [:array, [:lit, 1]]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:until, s(:true),
+                                s(:call, s(:lit, 1), :+,
+                                  s(:arglist, s(:lit, 1))), true),
+            "Ruby2Ruby"    => "until true do\n  (1 + 1)\nend") # FIX
+
+  add_tests("xstr",
+            "Ruby"         => "`touch 5`",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:xstr, 'touch 5'],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:xstr, 'touch 5'))
+
+  add_tests("yield_0",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield))
+
+  add_tests("yield_1",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield(42)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield, [:lit, 42]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield, s(:lit, 42)))
+
+  add_tests("yield_n",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield(42, 24)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield, [:array, [:lit, 42], [:lit, 24]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield, s(:lit, 42), s(:lit, 24)))
+
+  add_tests("yield_splat",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield(*ary)",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield, [:splat, [:vcall, :ary]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield, s(:splat, s(:call, nil, :ary, s(:arglist)))))
+
+  add_tests("yield_array",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield([42, 24])",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield, [:array, [:lit, 42], [:lit, 24]], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield, s(:array, s(:lit, 42), s(:lit, 24))))
+
+  add_tests("yield_zarray",
+            "Ruby"         => "yield([])",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:yield, [:zarray], true],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:yield, s(:array)))
+
+  add_tests("zarray",
+            "Ruby"         => "a = []",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:lasgn, :a, [:zarray]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:lasgn, :a, s(:array)))
+
+  add_tests("zsuper",
+            "Ruby"         => "def x\n  super\nend",
+            "RawParseTree" => [:defn, :x,
+                               [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:zsuper]]]],
+            "ParseTree"    => s(:defn, :x, s(:args),
+                                s(:scope, s(:block, s(:zsuper)))))
+end