Mxx_ru 1.3.0 → 1.3.1

data/tests/c/pcre/study.c

@@ -1,472 +1,472 @@
-/*************************************************
-*      Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions       *
-*************************************************/
-
-/*
-This is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax
-and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language. See
-the file Tech.Notes for some information on the internals.
-
-Written by: Philip Hazel <ph10@cam.ac.uk>
-
-           Copyright (c) 1997-2003 University of Cambridge
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any
-computer system, and to redistribute it freely, subject to the following
-restrictions:
-
-1. This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by
-   explicit claim or by omission.
-
-3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
-   misrepresented as being the original software.
-
-4. If PCRE is embedded in any software that is released under the GNU
-   General Purpose Licence (GPL), then the terms of that licence shall
-   supersede any condition above with which it is incompatible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-*/
-
-
-/* Include the internals header, which itself includes Standard C headers plus
-the external pcre header. */
-
-#include "internal.h"
-
-
-
-/*************************************************
-*      Set a bit and maybe its alternate case    *
-*************************************************/
-
-/* Given a character, set its bit in the table, and also the bit for the other
-version of a letter if we are caseless.
-
-Arguments:
-  start_bits    points to the bit map
-  c             is the character
-  caseless      the caseless flag
-  cd            the block with char table pointers
-
-Returns:        nothing
-*/
-
-static void
-set_bit(uschar *start_bits, int c, BOOL caseless, compile_data *cd)
-{
-start_bits[c/8] |= (1 << (c&7));
-if (caseless && (cd->ctypes[c] & ctype_letter) != 0)
-  start_bits[cd->fcc[c]/8] |= (1 << (cd->fcc[c]&7));
-}
-
-
-
-/*************************************************
-*          Create bitmap of starting chars       *
-*************************************************/
-
-/* This function scans a compiled unanchored expression and attempts to build a
-bitmap of the set of initial characters. If it can't, it returns FALSE. As time
-goes by, we may be able to get more clever at doing this.
-
-Arguments:
-  code         points to an expression
-  start_bits   points to a 32-byte table, initialized to 0
-  caseless     the current state of the caseless flag
-  utf8         TRUE if in UTF-8 mode
-  cd           the block with char table pointers
-
-Returns:       TRUE if table built, FALSE otherwise
-*/
-
-static BOOL
-set_start_bits(const uschar *code, uschar *start_bits, BOOL caseless,
-  BOOL utf8, compile_data *cd)
-{
-register int c;
-
-/* This next statement and the later reference to dummy are here in order to
-trick the optimizer of the IBM C compiler for OS/2 into generating correct
-code. Apparently IBM isn't going to fix the problem, and we would rather not
-disable optimization (in this module it actually makes a big difference, and
-the pcre module can use all the optimization it can get). */
-
-volatile int dummy;
-
-do
-  {
-  const uschar *tcode = code + 1 + LINK_SIZE;
-  BOOL try_next = TRUE;
-
-  while (try_next)
-    {
-    /* If a branch starts with a bracket or a positive lookahead assertion,
-    recurse to set bits from within them. That's all for this branch. */
-
-    if ((int)*tcode >= OP_BRA || *tcode == OP_ASSERT)
-      {
-      if (!set_start_bits(tcode, start_bits, caseless, utf8, cd))
-        return FALSE;
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      }
-
-    else switch(*tcode)
-      {
-      default:
-      return FALSE;
-
-      /* Skip over callout */
-
-      case OP_CALLOUT:
-      tcode += 2;
-      break;
-
-      /* Skip over extended extraction bracket number */
-
-      case OP_BRANUMBER:
-      tcode += 3;
-      break;
-
-      /* Skip over lookbehind and negative lookahead assertions */
-
-      case OP_ASSERT_NOT:
-      case OP_ASSERTBACK:
-      case OP_ASSERTBACK_NOT:
-      do tcode += GET(tcode, 1); while (*tcode == OP_ALT);
-      tcode += 1+LINK_SIZE;
-      break;
-
-      /* Skip over an option setting, changing the caseless flag */
-
-      case OP_OPT:
-      caseless = (tcode[1] & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0;
-      tcode += 2;
-      break;
-
-      /* BRAZERO does the bracket, but carries on. */
-
-      case OP_BRAZERO:
-      case OP_BRAMINZERO:
-      if (!set_start_bits(++tcode, start_bits, caseless, utf8, cd))
-        return FALSE;
-      dummy = 1;
-      do tcode += GET(tcode,1); while (*tcode == OP_ALT);
-      tcode += 1+LINK_SIZE;
-      break;
-
-      /* Single-char * or ? sets the bit and tries the next item */
-
-      case OP_STAR:
-      case OP_MINSTAR:
-      case OP_QUERY:
-      case OP_MINQUERY:
-      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[1], caseless, cd);
-      tcode += 2;
-#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-      if (utf8) while ((*tcode & 0xc0) == 0x80) tcode++;
-#endif
-      break;
-
-      /* Single-char upto sets the bit and tries the next */
-
-      case OP_UPTO:
-      case OP_MINUPTO:
-      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[3], caseless, cd);
-      tcode += 4;
-#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
-      if (utf8) while ((*tcode & 0xc0) == 0x80) tcode++;
-#endif
-      break;
-
-      /* At least one single char sets the bit and stops */
-
-      case OP_EXACT:       /* Fall through */
-      tcode++;
-
-      case OP_CHARS:       /* Fall through */
-      tcode++;
-
-      case OP_PLUS:
-      case OP_MINPLUS:
-      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[1], caseless, cd);
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      /* Single character type sets the bits and stops */
-
-      case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_DIGIT:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_WHITESPACE:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_WORDCHAR:
-      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
-      try_next = FALSE;
-      break;
-
-      /* One or more character type fudges the pointer and restarts, knowing
-      it will hit a single character type and stop there. */
-
-      case OP_TYPEPLUS:
-      case OP_TYPEMINPLUS:
-      tcode++;
-      break;
-
-      case OP_TYPEEXACT:
-      tcode += 3;
-      break;
-
-      /* Zero or more repeats of character types set the bits and then
-      try again. */
-
-      case OP_TYPEUPTO:
-      case OP_TYPEMINUPTO:
-      tcode += 2;               /* Fall through */
-
-      case OP_TYPESTAR:
-      case OP_TYPEMINSTAR:
-      case OP_TYPEQUERY:
-      case OP_TYPEMINQUERY:
-      switch(tcode[1])
-        {
-        case OP_ANY:
-        return FALSE;
-
-        case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
-        break;
-
-        case OP_DIGIT:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
-        break;
-
-        case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
-        break;
-
-        case OP_WHITESPACE:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
-        break;
-
-        case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
-        break;
-
-        case OP_WORDCHAR:
-        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
-          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
-        break;
-        }
-
-      tcode += 2;
-      break;
-
-      /* Character class where all the information is in a bit map: set the
-      bits and either carry on or not, according to the repeat count. If it was
-      a negative class, and we are operating with UTF-8 characters, any byte
-      with a value >= 0xc4 is a potentially valid starter because it starts a
-      character with a value > 255. */
-
-      case OP_NCLASS:
-      if (utf8)
-        {
-        start_bits[24] |= 0xf0;              /* Bits for 0xc4 - 0xc8 */
-        memset(start_bits+25, 0xff, 7);      /* Bits for 0xc9 - 0xff */
-        }
-      /* Fall through */
-
-      case OP_CLASS:
-        {
-        tcode++;
-
-        /* In UTF-8 mode, the bits in a bit map correspond to character
-        values, not to byte values. However, the bit map we are constructing is
-        for byte values. So we have to do a conversion for characters whose
-        value is > 127. In fact, there are only two possible starting bytes for
-        characters in the range 128 - 255. */
-
-        if (utf8)
-          {
-          for (c = 0; c < 16; c++) start_bits[c] |= tcode[c];
-          for (c = 128; c < 256; c++)
-            {
-            if ((tcode[c/8] && (1 << (c&7))) != 0)
-              {
-              int d = (c >> 6) | 0xc0;            /* Set bit for this starter */
-              start_bits[d/8] |= (1 << (d&7));    /* and then skip on to the */
-              c = (c & 0xc0) + 0x40 - 1;          /* next relevant character. */
-              }
-            }
-          }
-
-        /* In non-UTF-8 mode, the two bit maps are completely compatible. */
-
-        else
-          {
-          for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) start_bits[c] |= tcode[c];
-          }
-
-        /* Advance past the bit map, and act on what follows */
-
-        tcode += 32;
-        switch (*tcode)
-          {
-          case OP_CRSTAR:
-          case OP_CRMINSTAR:
-          case OP_CRQUERY:
-          case OP_CRMINQUERY:
-          tcode++;
-          break;
-
-          case OP_CRRANGE:
-          case OP_CRMINRANGE:
-          if (((tcode[1] << 8) + tcode[2]) == 0) tcode += 5;
-            else try_next = FALSE;
-          break;
-
-          default:
-          try_next = FALSE;
-          break;
-          }
-        }
-      break; /* End of bitmap class handling */
-
-      }      /* End of switch */
-    }        /* End of try_next loop */
-
-  code += GET(code, 1);   /* Advance to next branch */
-  }
-while (*code == OP_ALT);
-return TRUE;
-}
-
-
-
-/*************************************************
-*          Study a compiled expression           *
-*************************************************/
-
-/* This function is handed a compiled expression that it must study to produce
-information that will speed up the matching. It returns a pcre_extra block
-which then gets handed back to pcre_exec().
-
-Arguments:
-  re        points to the compiled expression
-  options   contains option bits
-  errorptr  points to where to place error messages;
-            set NULL unless error
-
-Returns:    pointer to a pcre_extra block, with study_data filled in and the
-              appropriate flag set;
-            NULL on error or if no optimization possible
-*/
-
-EXPORT pcre_extra *
-pcre_study(const pcre *external_re, int options, const char **errorptr)
-{
-uschar start_bits[32];
-pcre_extra *extra;
-pcre_study_data *study;
-const real_pcre *re = (const real_pcre *)external_re;
-uschar *code = (uschar *)re + sizeof(real_pcre) +
-  (re->name_count * re->name_entry_size);
-compile_data compile_block;
-
-*errorptr = NULL;
-
-if (re == NULL || re->magic_number != MAGIC_NUMBER)
-  {
-  *errorptr = "argument is not a compiled regular expression";
-  return NULL;
-  }
-
-if ((options & ~PUBLIC_STUDY_OPTIONS) != 0)
-  {
-  *errorptr = "unknown or incorrect option bit(s) set";
-  return NULL;
-  }
-
-/* For an anchored pattern, or an unanchored pattern that has a first char, or
-a multiline pattern that matches only at "line starts", no further processing
-at present. */
-
-if ((re->options & (PCRE_ANCHORED|PCRE_FIRSTSET|PCRE_STARTLINE)) != 0)
-  return NULL;
-
-/* Set the character tables in the block which is passed around */
-
-compile_block.lcc = re->tables + lcc_offset;
-compile_block.fcc = re->tables + fcc_offset;
-compile_block.cbits = re->tables + cbits_offset;
-compile_block.ctypes = re->tables + ctypes_offset;
-
-/* See if we can find a fixed set of initial characters for the pattern. */
-
-memset(start_bits, 0, 32 * sizeof(uschar));
-if (!set_start_bits(code, start_bits, (re->options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0,
-  (re->options & PCRE_UTF8) != 0, &compile_block)) return NULL;
-
-/* Get a pcre_extra block and a pcre_study_data block. The study data is put in
-the latter, which is pointed to by the former, which may also get additional
-data set later by the calling program. At the moment, the size of
-pcre_study_data is fixed. We nevertheless save it in a field for returning via
-the pcre_fullinfo() function so that if it becomes variable in the future, we
-don't have to change that code. */
-
-extra = (pcre_extra *)(pcre_malloc)
-  (sizeof(pcre_extra) + sizeof(pcre_study_data));
-
-if (extra == NULL)
-  {
-  *errorptr = "failed to get memory";
-  return NULL;
-  }
-
-study = (pcre_study_data *)((char *)extra + sizeof(pcre_extra));
-extra->flags = PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA;
-extra->study_data = study;
-
-study->size = sizeof(pcre_study_data);
-study->options = PCRE_STUDY_MAPPED;
-memcpy(study->start_bits, start_bits, sizeof(start_bits));
-
-return extra;
-}
-
-/* End of study.c */
+/*************************************************
+*      Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions       *
+*************************************************/
+
+/*
+This is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax
+and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language. See
+the file Tech.Notes for some information on the internals.
+
+Written by: Philip Hazel <ph10@cam.ac.uk>
+
+           Copyright (c) 1997-2003 University of Cambridge
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any
+computer system, and to redistribute it freely, subject to the following
+restrictions:
+
+1. This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by
+   explicit claim or by omission.
+
+3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+   misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+4. If PCRE is embedded in any software that is released under the GNU
+   General Purpose Licence (GPL), then the terms of that licence shall
+   supersede any condition above with which it is incompatible.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
+
+
+/* Include the internals header, which itself includes Standard C headers plus
+the external pcre header. */
+
+#include "internal.h"
+
+
+
+/*************************************************
+*      Set a bit and maybe its alternate case    *
+*************************************************/
+
+/* Given a character, set its bit in the table, and also the bit for the other
+version of a letter if we are caseless.
+
+Arguments:
+  start_bits    points to the bit map
+  c             is the character
+  caseless      the caseless flag
+  cd            the block with char table pointers
+
+Returns:        nothing
+*/
+
+static void
+set_bit(uschar *start_bits, int c, BOOL caseless, compile_data *cd)
+{
+start_bits[c/8] |= (1 << (c&7));
+if (caseless && (cd->ctypes[c] & ctype_letter) != 0)
+  start_bits[cd->fcc[c]/8] |= (1 << (cd->fcc[c]&7));
+}
+
+
+
+/*************************************************
+*          Create bitmap of starting chars       *
+*************************************************/
+
+/* This function scans a compiled unanchored expression and attempts to build a
+bitmap of the set of initial characters. If it can't, it returns FALSE. As time
+goes by, we may be able to get more clever at doing this.
+
+Arguments:
+  code         points to an expression
+  start_bits   points to a 32-byte table, initialized to 0
+  caseless     the current state of the caseless flag
+  utf8         TRUE if in UTF-8 mode
+  cd           the block with char table pointers
+
+Returns:       TRUE if table built, FALSE otherwise
+*/
+
+static BOOL
+set_start_bits(const uschar *code, uschar *start_bits, BOOL caseless,
+  BOOL utf8, compile_data *cd)
+{
+register int c;
+
+/* This next statement and the later reference to dummy are here in order to
+trick the optimizer of the IBM C compiler for OS/2 into generating correct
+code. Apparently IBM isn't going to fix the problem, and we would rather not
+disable optimization (in this module it actually makes a big difference, and
+the pcre module can use all the optimization it can get). */
+
+volatile int dummy;
+
+do
+  {
+  const uschar *tcode = code + 1 + LINK_SIZE;
+  BOOL try_next = TRUE;
+
+  while (try_next)
+    {
+    /* If a branch starts with a bracket or a positive lookahead assertion,
+    recurse to set bits from within them. That's all for this branch. */
+
+    if ((int)*tcode >= OP_BRA || *tcode == OP_ASSERT)
+      {
+      if (!set_start_bits(tcode, start_bits, caseless, utf8, cd))
+        return FALSE;
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      }
+
+    else switch(*tcode)
+      {
+      default:
+      return FALSE;
+
+      /* Skip over callout */
+
+      case OP_CALLOUT:
+      tcode += 2;
+      break;
+
+      /* Skip over extended extraction bracket number */
+
+      case OP_BRANUMBER:
+      tcode += 3;
+      break;
+
+      /* Skip over lookbehind and negative lookahead assertions */
+
+      case OP_ASSERT_NOT:
+      case OP_ASSERTBACK:
+      case OP_ASSERTBACK_NOT:
+      do tcode += GET(tcode, 1); while (*tcode == OP_ALT);
+      tcode += 1+LINK_SIZE;
+      break;
+
+      /* Skip over an option setting, changing the caseless flag */
+
+      case OP_OPT:
+      caseless = (tcode[1] & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0;
+      tcode += 2;
+      break;
+
+      /* BRAZERO does the bracket, but carries on. */
+
+      case OP_BRAZERO:
+      case OP_BRAMINZERO:
+      if (!set_start_bits(++tcode, start_bits, caseless, utf8, cd))
+        return FALSE;
+      dummy = 1;
+      do tcode += GET(tcode,1); while (*tcode == OP_ALT);
+      tcode += 1+LINK_SIZE;
+      break;
+
+      /* Single-char * or ? sets the bit and tries the next item */
+
+      case OP_STAR:
+      case OP_MINSTAR:
+      case OP_QUERY:
+      case OP_MINQUERY:
+      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[1], caseless, cd);
+      tcode += 2;
+#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+      if (utf8) while ((*tcode & 0xc0) == 0x80) tcode++;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+      /* Single-char upto sets the bit and tries the next */
+
+      case OP_UPTO:
+      case OP_MINUPTO:
+      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[3], caseless, cd);
+      tcode += 4;
+#ifdef SUPPORT_UTF8
+      if (utf8) while ((*tcode & 0xc0) == 0x80) tcode++;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+      /* At least one single char sets the bit and stops */
+
+      case OP_EXACT:       /* Fall through */
+      tcode++;
+
+      case OP_CHARS:       /* Fall through */
+      tcode++;
+
+      case OP_PLUS:
+      case OP_MINPLUS:
+      set_bit(start_bits, tcode[1], caseless, cd);
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      /* Single character type sets the bits and stops */
+
+      case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_DIGIT:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_WHITESPACE:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_WORDCHAR:
+      for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+        start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
+      try_next = FALSE;
+      break;
+
+      /* One or more character type fudges the pointer and restarts, knowing
+      it will hit a single character type and stop there. */
+
+      case OP_TYPEPLUS:
+      case OP_TYPEMINPLUS:
+      tcode++;
+      break;
+
+      case OP_TYPEEXACT:
+      tcode += 3;
+      break;
+
+      /* Zero or more repeats of character types set the bits and then
+      try again. */
+
+      case OP_TYPEUPTO:
+      case OP_TYPEMINUPTO:
+      tcode += 2;               /* Fall through */
+
+      case OP_TYPESTAR:
+      case OP_TYPEMINSTAR:
+      case OP_TYPEQUERY:
+      case OP_TYPEMINQUERY:
+      switch(tcode[1])
+        {
+        case OP_ANY:
+        return FALSE;
+
+        case OP_NOT_DIGIT:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
+        break;
+
+        case OP_DIGIT:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_digit];
+        break;
+
+        case OP_NOT_WHITESPACE:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
+        break;
+
+        case OP_WHITESPACE:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_space];
+        break;
+
+        case OP_NOT_WORDCHAR:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= ~cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
+        break;
+
+        case OP_WORDCHAR:
+        for (c = 0; c < 32; c++)
+          start_bits[c] |= cd->cbits[c+cbit_word];
+        break;
+        }
+
+      tcode += 2;
+      break;
+
+      /* Character class where all the information is in a bit map: set the
+      bits and either carry on or not, according to the repeat count. If it was
+      a negative class, and we are operating with UTF-8 characters, any byte
+      with a value >= 0xc4 is a potentially valid starter because it starts a
+      character with a value > 255. */
+
+      case OP_NCLASS:
+      if (utf8)
+        {
+        start_bits[24] |= 0xf0;              /* Bits for 0xc4 - 0xc8 */
+        memset(start_bits+25, 0xff, 7);      /* Bits for 0xc9 - 0xff */
+        }
+      /* Fall through */
+
+      case OP_CLASS:
+        {
+        tcode++;
+
+        /* In UTF-8 mode, the bits in a bit map correspond to character
+        values, not to byte values. However, the bit map we are constructing is
+        for byte values. So we have to do a conversion for characters whose
+        value is > 127. In fact, there are only two possible starting bytes for
+        characters in the range 128 - 255. */
+
+        if (utf8)
+          {
+          for (c = 0; c < 16; c++) start_bits[c] |= tcode[c];
+          for (c = 128; c < 256; c++)
+            {
+            if ((tcode[c/8] && (1 << (c&7))) != 0)
+              {
+              int d = (c >> 6) | 0xc0;            /* Set bit for this starter */
+              start_bits[d/8] |= (1 << (d&7));    /* and then skip on to the */
+              c = (c & 0xc0) + 0x40 - 1;          /* next relevant character. */
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+        /* In non-UTF-8 mode, the two bit maps are completely compatible. */
+
+        else
+          {
+          for (c = 0; c < 32; c++) start_bits[c] |= tcode[c];
+          }
+
+        /* Advance past the bit map, and act on what follows */
+
+        tcode += 32;
+        switch (*tcode)
+          {
+          case OP_CRSTAR:
+          case OP_CRMINSTAR:
+          case OP_CRQUERY:
+          case OP_CRMINQUERY:
+          tcode++;
+          break;
+
+          case OP_CRRANGE:
+          case OP_CRMINRANGE:
+          if (((tcode[1] << 8) + tcode[2]) == 0) tcode += 5;
+            else try_next = FALSE;
+          break;
+
+          default:
+          try_next = FALSE;
+          break;
+          }
+        }
+      break; /* End of bitmap class handling */
+
+      }      /* End of switch */
+    }        /* End of try_next loop */
+
+  code += GET(code, 1);   /* Advance to next branch */
+  }
+while (*code == OP_ALT);
+return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+
+/*************************************************
+*          Study a compiled expression           *
+*************************************************/
+
+/* This function is handed a compiled expression that it must study to produce
+information that will speed up the matching. It returns a pcre_extra block
+which then gets handed back to pcre_exec().
+
+Arguments:
+  re        points to the compiled expression
+  options   contains option bits
+  errorptr  points to where to place error messages;
+            set NULL unless error
+
+Returns:    pointer to a pcre_extra block, with study_data filled in and the
+              appropriate flag set;
+            NULL on error or if no optimization possible
+*/
+
+EXPORT pcre_extra *
+pcre_study(const pcre *external_re, int options, const char **errorptr)
+{
+uschar start_bits[32];
+pcre_extra *extra;
+pcre_study_data *study;
+const real_pcre *re = (const real_pcre *)external_re;
+uschar *code = (uschar *)re + sizeof(real_pcre) +
+  (re->name_count * re->name_entry_size);
+compile_data compile_block;
+
+*errorptr = NULL;
+
+if (re == NULL || re->magic_number != MAGIC_NUMBER)
+  {
+  *errorptr = "argument is not a compiled regular expression";
+  return NULL;
+  }
+
+if ((options & ~PUBLIC_STUDY_OPTIONS) != 0)
+  {
+  *errorptr = "unknown or incorrect option bit(s) set";
+  return NULL;
+  }
+
+/* For an anchored pattern, or an unanchored pattern that has a first char, or
+a multiline pattern that matches only at "line starts", no further processing
+at present. */
+
+if ((re->options & (PCRE_ANCHORED|PCRE_FIRSTSET|PCRE_STARTLINE)) != 0)
+  return NULL;
+
+/* Set the character tables in the block which is passed around */
+
+compile_block.lcc = re->tables + lcc_offset;
+compile_block.fcc = re->tables + fcc_offset;
+compile_block.cbits = re->tables + cbits_offset;
+compile_block.ctypes = re->tables + ctypes_offset;
+
+/* See if we can find a fixed set of initial characters for the pattern. */
+
+memset(start_bits, 0, 32 * sizeof(uschar));
+if (!set_start_bits(code, start_bits, (re->options & PCRE_CASELESS) != 0,
+  (re->options & PCRE_UTF8) != 0, &compile_block)) return NULL;
+
+/* Get a pcre_extra block and a pcre_study_data block. The study data is put in
+the latter, which is pointed to by the former, which may also get additional
+data set later by the calling program. At the moment, the size of
+pcre_study_data is fixed. We nevertheless save it in a field for returning via
+the pcre_fullinfo() function so that if it becomes variable in the future, we
+don't have to change that code. */
+
+extra = (pcre_extra *)(pcre_malloc)
+  (sizeof(pcre_extra) + sizeof(pcre_study_data));
+
+if (extra == NULL)
+  {
+  *errorptr = "failed to get memory";
+  return NULL;
+  }
+
+study = (pcre_study_data *)((char *)extra + sizeof(pcre_extra));
+extra->flags = PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA;
+extra->study_data = study;
+
+study->size = sizeof(pcre_study_data);
+study->options = PCRE_STUDY_MAPPED;
+memcpy(study->start_bits, start_bits, sizeof(start_bits));
+
+return extra;
+}
+
+/* End of study.c */