wavenet-coding 0.2.1__tar.gz → 0.2.2__tar.gz
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1/wavenet_coding.egg-info → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/PKG-INFO +42 -42
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/README.md +41 -41
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/scripts/train.py +44 -28
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/setup.py +1 -1
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/__init__.py +1 -1
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/codec2.py +111 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/inference.py +60 -112
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/model.py +204 -255
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2/wavenet_coding.egg-info}/PKG-INFO +42 -42
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/LICENSE +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/MANIFEST.in +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/pyproject.toml +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/requirements.txt +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/scripts/evaluate.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/scripts/export_model.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/scripts/inference.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/scripts/prepare_data.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/setup.cfg +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/configs.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/dataset.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/entropy_coding.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/evaluation.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/export.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding/loss.py +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding.egg-info/SOURCES.txt +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding.egg-info/dependency_links.txt +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding.egg-info/requires.txt +0 -0
- {wavenet_coding-0.2.1 → wavenet_coding-0.2.2}/wavenet_coding.egg-info/top_level.txt +0 -0
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Metadata-Version: 2.4
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Name: wavenet-coding
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Version: 0.2.
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Version: 0.2.2
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Summary: WaveNet Based Low Rate Speech Coding (Parametric & Waveform)
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Home-page: https://github.com/wq2012/wavenet_coding
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Author: Quan Wang
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2. **Parametric coders** (Sections 2.2 & 2.4): Extract compact vocal-tract, pitch, and energy parameters every 10–20 ms (e.g., **Codec 2** at **2.4 kb/s**) and synthesize a perceptually plausible waveform at the receiver.
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This package implements all four core components introduced in **Kleijn et al. (ICASSP 2018)**:
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- **Closed-Loop WaveNet Waveform Coding (`WW`, Section 2.3)**: Uses a causal dilated WaveNet (`q^(i)(x_i | x_0, ..., x_{i-1})`) inside a closed quantization loop over 256-level 8-bit μ-law samples (`n_i = Q(x_i)`), paired with a bit-exact 32-bit integer arithmetic coder to losslessly compress 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law speech from **128.00 kb/s** down to **
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- **Codec 2 Conditioned Parametric WaveNet Coding (`WP` / `W_wo` / `W_w`, Section 2.4)**: Encodes 16 kHz speech into a serialized **2.4 kb/s** bitstream (**43-bit** unquantized stream header + **50 bits per 20 ms block**: 36 bits LSP spectral envelope, 7 bits fundamental frequency F0, 5 bits energy, and 2 voicing flags; `36 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 50 bits / 20 ms`), unpacks the bitstream at the receiver with zero reference access, and synthesizes 16 kHz wideband speech with implicit 4–8 kHz bandwidth extension (`
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- **Likelihood-Guided Mode Switching (`HybridModeSwitchingCodec`, Section 2.4)**: Dynamically switches between 2.4 kb/s parametric coding and closed-loop arithmetic waveform coding on 20 ms frames where the teacher-forced parametric negative log-likelihood exceeds a threshold (`
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- **Closed-Loop WaveNet Waveform Coding (`WW`, Section 2.3)**: Uses a causal dilated WaveNet (`q^(i)(x_i | x_0, ..., x_{i-1})`) inside a closed quantization loop over 256-level 8-bit μ-law samples (`n_i = Q(x_i)`), paired with a bit-exact 32-bit integer arithmetic coder to losslessly compress 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law speech from **128.00 kb/s** down to **85.12 kb/s** (`5.3199 bits/sample` active arithmetic coded bitrate on LibriSpeech `test-clean`, cross-entropy rate `R = 5.3453 bits/sample` / `85.52 kb/s`) and **83.94 kb/s** (`5.2461 bits/sample` on VCTK, cross-entropy rate `R = 5.2587 bits/sample` / `84.14 kb/s`), while the Codec 2 conditioned Parametric WaveNets achieve strictly lower conditional cross-entropy (`5.3071` / `5.1908 bits/sample` for `W_wo` and `5.3053` / `5.1820 bits/sample` for `W_w`).
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- **Codec 2 Conditioned Parametric WaveNet Coding (`WP` / `W_wo` / `W_w`, Section 2.4)**: Encodes 16 kHz speech into a serialized **2.4 kb/s** bitstream (**43-bit** unquantized stream header + **50 bits per 20 ms block**: 36 bits LSP spectral envelope, 7 bits fundamental frequency F0, 5 bits energy, and 2 voicing flags; `36 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 50 bits / 20 ms`), unpacks the bitstream at the receiver with zero reference access, and synthesizes 16 kHz wideband speech strictly in the time domain from the WaveNet μ-law distribution with implicit 4–8 kHz bandwidth extension (`0.119%` high-band energy for `W_w` and `0.070%` for `W_wo` on LibriSpeech vs. `0.018%–0.023%` for narrow-band baselines).
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- **Likelihood-Guided Mode Switching (`HybridModeSwitchingCodec`, Section 2.4)**: Dynamically switches between 2.4 kb/s parametric coding and closed-loop arithmetic waveform coding on 20 ms frames where the teacher-forced parametric negative log-likelihood exceeds a threshold (`8.423 kb/s` on LibriSpeech and `7.777 kb/s` on VCTK).
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- **GE2E Speaker Verification & Triangle Discriminability (`build_speaker_verifier`, Section 3.4)**: Implements the 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker embedding network (128 LSTM units projected to 64 dimensions per layer over 40-channel frame-level log-Mel filterbank features) trained with Generalized End-to-End (`GE2E`) softmax loss to evaluate speaker identity preservation across 8-bit μ-law speech, speaker-disjoint Parametric WaveNet (`W_wo`), and speaker-overlapping Parametric WaveNet (`W_w`).
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<p align="center">
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| Model Name | Hugging Face Repository | Task / Paper Section | Initial Eval Metric | Final Eval Metric | Exported Formats |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
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| **`wavenet_waveform_coder` (`WW`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder) | Closed-Loop Waveform Coder (Sec. 2.3 & 3.2) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_independent` (`W_wo`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Disjoint (Sec. 2.4 & 3.3) | 7.
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_overlapping` (`W_w`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Overlapping (Sec. 3.3 & 3.4) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 8-bit μ-law Speech (Sec. 3.4) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 2.4 kb/s Coded Speech (Sec. 3.4) |
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| **`wavenet_waveform_coder` (`WW`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder) | Closed-Loop Waveform Coder (Sec. 2.3 & 3.2) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6636 bits/sample** (3.2326 nats) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_independent` (`W_wo`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Disjoint (Sec. 2.4 & 3.3) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6137 bits/sample** (3.1980 nats) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_overlapping` (`W_w`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Overlapping (Sec. 3.3 & 3.4) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6119 bits/sample** (3.1967 nats, train: 4.5170) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 8-bit μ-law Speech (Sec. 3.4) | 2.7446 GE2E loss (37.50% eval EER) | **0.1778 GE2E loss (2.68% eval EER)** | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 2.4 kb/s Coded Speech (Sec. 3.4) | 2.9329 GE2E loss (25.00% eval EER) | **0.4869 GE2E loss (12.50% eval EER)** | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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- **Interactive Demo Space**: [**`wq2012/wavenet-coding-demo`**](https://huggingface.co/spaces/wq2012/wavenet-coding-demo)
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- `H̄ = - (1 / I) ∑_i ∑_n q^(i)(Z(n)) log₂ q^(i)(Z(n))`
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- `R = - (1 / I) ∑_i log₂ q^(i)(Q(x_i))`
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| Dataset / Split | Mean Conditional Entropy H̄ (bits/sample) |
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| Dataset / Split | Mean Conditional Entropy H̄ (bits/sample) | Mean Entropy Bitrate (kb/s) | Cross-Entropy Rate R (`WW`, bits/sample) | Cross-Entropy Rate (`W_wo` / `W_w`, bits/sample) | Active Arithmetic Coded Rate (bits/sample) | Active Arithmetic Bitrate (kb/s) | Arithmetic Coder Lossless Match Rate |
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| **Paper Reported (WSJ0, Sec. 3.2, 60-layer conditioned WW)** | 2.6113 (1.81 nats) | 41.78 | 2.6546 (1.84 nats) |
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| **Paper Reported (WSJ0, Sec. 3.2, 60-layer conditioned WW)** | 2.6113 (1.81 nats) | 41.78 | 2.6546 (1.84 nats) | — | — | — | — |
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| **Reproduced — LibriSpeech (`test-clean`, 20-layer WaveNet)** | **5.6769** | **90.83** | **5.3453** (3.7051 nats, 85.52 kb/s) | **5.3071** / **5.3053** | **5.3199** | **85.12** | **100.0% (16/16)** |
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| **Reproduced — VCTK Corpus (20-layer WaveNet)** | **5.6666** | **90.66** | **5.2587** (3.6450 nats, 84.14 kb/s) | **5.1908** / **5.1820** | **5.2461** | **83.94** | **100.0% (16/16)** |
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> **Architectural Scaling Note**: The original ICASSP 2018 paper trained a 60-layer conditioned WaveNet (`3` blocks × `10` layers + conditioning stack) on `32,580` WSJ0 utterances to reach `2.65 bits/sample` (`42 kb/s`). Our lightweight CPU-reproducible `20`-layer
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> **Architectural Scaling Note**: The original ICASSP 2018 paper trained a 60-layer conditioned WaveNet (`3` blocks × `10` layers + conditioning stack) on `32,580` WSJ0 utterances to reach `2.65 bits/sample` (`42 kb/s`). Our lightweight CPU-reproducible `20`-layer closed-loop WaveNet (`2` blocks × `10` layers) reduces the 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law bitrate from **128.00 kb/s** to **83.94–85.12 kb/s** (`33.5%–34.4%` lossless compression savings) with **100% bit-exact reconstruction** across all 16 held-out utterances per corpus, and conditioning on the 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 parameters reduces cross-entropy further (`5.3053 < 5.3071 < 5.3453` on LibriSpeech; `5.1820 < 5.1908 < 5.2587` on VCTK).
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#### Paper Figure 2 vs. Reproduced Instantaneous Entropy Profile
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Section 3.3 compares the 16 kHz Reference, Closed-Loop WaveNet Waveform Coder (`WW`), Likelihood-Guided Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`), **AMR-WB (`23.05 kb/s` via `libvo-amrwbenc` + `libopencore-amrwb`)**, **Parametric WaveNet with speaker overlap (`W_w, 2.4 kb/s`)**, **Parametric WaveNet without speaker overlap (`W_wo, 2.4 kb/s`)**, **MELP (`2.4 kb/s`)**, **Codec 2 (`2.4 kb/s`)**, and **Speex (`2.15 kb/s` via `libspeex`)**.
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Key empirical observations on our strictly reference-free 50-bit/20ms (`2.4 kb/s`) implementation:
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1. **Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (`STOI`) & Spectral Distortion (`MCD` / `LSD`)**: At **2.4 kb/s**, both Parametric WaveNet models (`W_w` and `W_wo`) achieve higher intelligibility (`STOI = 0.
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2. **Pitch Tracking (`F0 RMSE`)**: Conditioning the 16 kHz Parametric WaveNet decoder on the quantized 7-bit F0 contour yields lower voiced pitch error (`
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3. **Implicit 4–8 kHz Bandwidth Extension**: Whereas 8 kHz narrow-band codecs (`MELP`, `Codec 2`, `Speex`) contain negligible energy above 4 kHz (`0.007%–0.
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4. **ITU-T P.862.2 Wideband PESQ (`MOS-LQO`)**: Because ITU-T P.862.2 `PESQ-WB` penalizes phase-asynchronous generative vocoders without high-band waveform locking, all 2.15–2.4 kb/s parametric vocoders score in the `1.
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Key empirical observations on our strictly reference-free, pure time-domain 50-bit/20ms (`2.4 kb/s`) implementation:
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1. **Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (`STOI`) & Spectral Distortion (`MCD` / `LSD`)**: At **2.4 kb/s**, both Parametric WaveNet models (`W_w` and `W_wo`) achieve higher intelligibility (`STOI = 0.821 / 0.807` on LibriSpeech; `0.846 / 0.824` on VCTK) and lower spectral envelope distortion (`MCD = 6.611 / 7.048 dB`, `LSD = 6.966 / 7.215 dB` on LibriSpeech; `MCD = 7.982 / 8.491 dB`, `LSD = 8.011 / 8.259 dB` on VCTK) than the narrow-band reference vocoders (`Codec 2`: `MCD = 8.216 / 10.103 dB`; `MELP`: `MCD = 7.918 / 9.692 dB`; `Speex`: `MCD = 7.944 / 9.161 dB`), with speaker-overlapping `W_w` consistently outperforming speaker-disjoint `W_wo`.
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2. **Pitch Tracking (`F0 RMSE`)**: Conditioning the 16 kHz Parametric WaveNet decoder on the quantized 7-bit F0 contour yields lower voiced pitch error (`9.111 / 9.703 Hz` on LibriSpeech; `18.094 / 19.838 Hz` on VCTK) than narrow-band `Codec 2` (`9.729 / 20.160 Hz`), `MELP` (`19.516 / 21.414 Hz`), and `Speex` (`31.137 / 31.791 Hz`).
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3. **Implicit 4–8 kHz Bandwidth Extension**: Whereas 8 kHz narrow-band codecs (`MELP`, `Codec 2`, `Speex`) contain negligible energy above 4 kHz (`0.007%–0.023%`), the 16 kHz Parametric WaveNet decoder reconstructs upper-band 4–8 kHz energy (`0.119%` for `W_w` and `0.070%` for `W_wo` on LibriSpeech; `0.063%` and `0.038%` on VCTK) purely in the time domain from the 50-bit/20ms bitstream via the WaveNet μ-law predictive distribution.
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4. **ITU-T P.862.2 Wideband PESQ (`MOS-LQO`)**: Because ITU-T P.862.2 `PESQ-WB` penalizes phase-asynchronous generative vocoders without high-band waveform locking, all 2.15–2.4 kb/s parametric vocoders score in the `1.30–1.80` `PESQ-WB` range (compared to `2.3–2.7` under perceptual time-warped POLQA in Table 1 of Kleijn et al.), while `AMR-WB (23.05 kb/s)` achieves `3.964 / 3.777` and lossless `WaveNet Waveform (WW)` achieves `4.171 / 3.772`.
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#### Paper Table 1 (WSJ0 POLQA MOS-LQO, Sec. 3.3)
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| System / Codec | Bitrate (kb/s) | ITU-T P.862.2 PESQ-WB ↑ | STOI (0–1) ↑ | F0 RMSE (Hz) ↓ | MCD (dB) ↓ | LSD (dB) ↓ | SegSNR (dB) ↑ | High-Band (4–8 kHz) Energy (%) |
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| **Reference (16 kHz)** | 256.00 | **4.644** | **1.000** | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 45.000 |
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| **8-bit μ-law (128 kb/s)** | 128.00 | **4.
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| **WaveNet Waveform (`WW`)** |
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| **Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`)** |
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| **AMR-WB (23.05 kb/s)** | 23.05 | **
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_w`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_wo`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.
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| **MELP (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.
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| **Codec 2 (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.
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| **Speex (2.15 kb/s)** | 2.15 | 1.
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| **Reference (16 kHz)** | 256.00 | **4.644** | **1.000** | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 45.000 | 4.062% |
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| **8-bit μ-law (128 kb/s)** | 128.00 | **4.171** | **0.999** | 0.184 | 0.427 | 0.827 | 35.420 | 4.072% |
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| **WaveNet Waveform (`WW`)** | 85.53 (85.12 active) | **4.171** | **0.999** | 0.184 | 0.427 | 0.827 | 35.420 | 4.072% |
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| **Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`)** | 8.42 | 1.498 | **0.824** | 9.583 | **6.171** | **6.603** | 0.395 | **0.584%** |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_w`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.566 | **0.821** | **9.111** | **6.611** | **6.966** | -2.123 | **0.119%** |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_wo`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.601 | **0.807** | 9.703 | **7.048** | **7.215** | -2.114 | **0.070%** |
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| **MELP (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.795 | 0.804 | 19.516 | 7.918 | 7.832 | -2.846 | 0.020% |
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| **Codec 2 (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.628 | 0.796 | 9.729 | 8.216 | 8.041 | -2.171 | 0.018% |
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| **Speex (2.15 kb/s)** | 2.15 | 1.472 | 0.789 | 31.137 | 7.944 | 7.807 | -1.380 | 0.023% |
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#### VCTK Corpus Evaluation (`pretrained_models/evaluation_vctk.json`)
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| System / Codec | Bitrate (kb/s) | ITU-T P.862.2 PESQ-WB ↑ | STOI (0–1) ↑ | F0 RMSE (Hz) ↓ | MCD (dB) ↓ | LSD (dB) ↓ | SegSNR (dB) ↑ | High-Band (4–8 kHz) Energy (%) |
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| **Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`)** | 7.78 | 1.240 | **0.845** | 18.124 | **7.612** | **7.747** | 0.368 | **0.230%** |
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### 3. Speaker Identification & Triangle Test (Section 3.4)
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Section 3.4 evaluates speaker identity preservation using two 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker verification networks trained with `GE2E` loss on 8-bit μ-law speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`, reaching **2.68% EER** on the held-out evaluation set) and 2.4 kb/s coded speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`, reaching **12.50% EER** on the held-out evaluation set), plus a discrete 3-AFC odd-one-out triangle test (`Original`, `W_w`, `W_wo`) measuring how often `W_wo` is selected as the odd speaker out relative to the `33.33%` random-chance baseline:
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Section 3.4 evaluates speaker identity preservation using two 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker verification networks trained with `GE2E` loss on 8-bit μ-law speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`, reaching **2.68% EER** on the held-out training evaluation set) and 2.4 kb/s coded speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`, reaching **12.50% EER** on the held-out training evaluation set), plus a discrete 3-AFC odd-one-out triangle test (`Original`, `W_w`, `W_wo`) measuring how often `W_wo` is selected as the odd speaker out relative to the `33.33%` random-chance baseline:
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| Benchmark / Dataset | 8-bit μ-law EER (%) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_wo` EER (%) (`V_coded`) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_wo` EER (%) (`V_mulaw`) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_w` EER (%) (`V_mulaw`) [95% CI] | Mean Cosine Similarity `cos(Orig, W_w)` vs `cos(Orig, W_wo)` | 3-AFC Triangle Odd-One-Out Rate (`W_wo` selected vs `33.33%` chance) |
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| **Paper Reported (WSJ0, Sec. 3.4)** | 8.4% | 15.8% | — | — | — | **41.0%** (chance: 33.3%) |
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| **Reproduced — LibriSpeech (`test-clean`, 8 spk, 16 utt)** | **12.50%** [1.34%, 22.32%] | **12.95%** [4.01%, 31.25%] | **13.39%** [5.35%, 37.51%] | **13.84%** [4.90%, 37.50%] | **0.6405** vs **0.5963** (`Δ = +0.0443`, ABX `75.00%`) | **75.00%** (chance: 33.33%) |
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| **Reproduced — VCTK Corpus (8 spk, 16 utt)** | **22.32%** [4.01%, 34.84%] | **22.32%** [9.35%, 30.83%] | **25.00%** [12.50%, 36.17%] | **26.79%** [12.50%, 42.86%] | **0.5318** vs **0.5106** (`Δ = +0.0211`, ABX `75.00%`) | **75.00%** (chance: 33.33%) |
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2. **Parametric coders** (Sections 2.2 & 2.4): Extract compact vocal-tract, pitch, and energy parameters every 10–20 ms (e.g., **Codec 2** at **2.4 kb/s**) and synthesize a perceptually plausible waveform at the receiver.
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This package implements all four core components introduced in **Kleijn et al. (ICASSP 2018)**:
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- **Closed-Loop WaveNet Waveform Coding (`WW`, Section 2.3)**: Uses a causal dilated WaveNet (`q^(i)(x_i | x_0, ..., x_{i-1})`) inside a closed quantization loop over 256-level 8-bit μ-law samples (`n_i = Q(x_i)`), paired with a bit-exact 32-bit integer arithmetic coder to losslessly compress 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law speech from **128.00 kb/s** down to **
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- **Codec 2 Conditioned Parametric WaveNet Coding (`WP` / `W_wo` / `W_w`, Section 2.4)**: Encodes 16 kHz speech into a serialized **2.4 kb/s** bitstream (**43-bit** unquantized stream header + **50 bits per 20 ms block**: 36 bits LSP spectral envelope, 7 bits fundamental frequency F0, 5 bits energy, and 2 voicing flags; `36 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 50 bits / 20 ms`), unpacks the bitstream at the receiver with zero reference access, and synthesizes 16 kHz wideband speech with implicit 4–8 kHz bandwidth extension (`
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- **Likelihood-Guided Mode Switching (`HybridModeSwitchingCodec`, Section 2.4)**: Dynamically switches between 2.4 kb/s parametric coding and closed-loop arithmetic waveform coding on 20 ms frames where the teacher-forced parametric negative log-likelihood exceeds a threshold (`
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- **Closed-Loop WaveNet Waveform Coding (`WW`, Section 2.3)**: Uses a causal dilated WaveNet (`q^(i)(x_i | x_0, ..., x_{i-1})`) inside a closed quantization loop over 256-level 8-bit μ-law samples (`n_i = Q(x_i)`), paired with a bit-exact 32-bit integer arithmetic coder to losslessly compress 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law speech from **128.00 kb/s** down to **85.12 kb/s** (`5.3199 bits/sample` active arithmetic coded bitrate on LibriSpeech `test-clean`, cross-entropy rate `R = 5.3453 bits/sample` / `85.52 kb/s`) and **83.94 kb/s** (`5.2461 bits/sample` on VCTK, cross-entropy rate `R = 5.2587 bits/sample` / `84.14 kb/s`), while the Codec 2 conditioned Parametric WaveNets achieve strictly lower conditional cross-entropy (`5.3071` / `5.1908 bits/sample` for `W_wo` and `5.3053` / `5.1820 bits/sample` for `W_w`).
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- **Codec 2 Conditioned Parametric WaveNet Coding (`WP` / `W_wo` / `W_w`, Section 2.4)**: Encodes 16 kHz speech into a serialized **2.4 kb/s** bitstream (**43-bit** unquantized stream header + **50 bits per 20 ms block**: 36 bits LSP spectral envelope, 7 bits fundamental frequency F0, 5 bits energy, and 2 voicing flags; `36 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 50 bits / 20 ms`), unpacks the bitstream at the receiver with zero reference access, and synthesizes 16 kHz wideband speech strictly in the time domain from the WaveNet μ-law distribution with implicit 4–8 kHz bandwidth extension (`0.119%` high-band energy for `W_w` and `0.070%` for `W_wo` on LibriSpeech vs. `0.018%–0.023%` for narrow-band baselines).
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- **Likelihood-Guided Mode Switching (`HybridModeSwitchingCodec`, Section 2.4)**: Dynamically switches between 2.4 kb/s parametric coding and closed-loop arithmetic waveform coding on 20 ms frames where the teacher-forced parametric negative log-likelihood exceeds a threshold (`8.423 kb/s` on LibriSpeech and `7.777 kb/s` on VCTK).
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- **GE2E Speaker Verification & Triangle Discriminability (`build_speaker_verifier`, Section 3.4)**: Implements the 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker embedding network (128 LSTM units projected to 64 dimensions per layer over 40-channel frame-level log-Mel filterbank features) trained with Generalized End-to-End (`GE2E`) softmax loss to evaluate speaker identity preservation across 8-bit μ-law speech, speaker-disjoint Parametric WaveNet (`W_wo`), and speaker-overlapping Parametric WaveNet (`W_w`).
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| Model Name | Hugging Face Repository | Task / Paper Section | Initial Eval Metric | Final Eval Metric | Exported Formats |
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| **`wavenet_waveform_coder` (`WW`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder) | Closed-Loop Waveform Coder (Sec. 2.3 & 3.2) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_independent` (`W_wo`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Disjoint (Sec. 2.4 & 3.3) | 7.
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_overlapping` (`W_w`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Overlapping (Sec. 3.3 & 3.4) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 8-bit μ-law Speech (Sec. 3.4) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 2.4 kb/s Coded Speech (Sec. 3.4) |
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| **`wavenet_waveform_coder` (`WW`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-waveform-coder) | Closed-Loop Waveform Coder (Sec. 2.3 & 3.2) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6636 bits/sample** (3.2326 nats) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_independent` (`W_wo`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-independent) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Disjoint (Sec. 2.4 & 3.3) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6137 bits/sample** (3.1980 nats) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_parametric_2400_speaker_overlapping` (`W_w`)** | [`wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-parametric-2400-speaker-overlapping) | 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 Parametric WaveNet — Speaker-Overlapping (Sec. 3.3 & 3.4) | 7.0186 bits/sample (4.8649 nats) | **4.6119 bits/sample** (3.1967 nats, train: 4.5170) | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-mulaw) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 8-bit μ-law Speech (Sec. 3.4) | 2.7446 GE2E loss (37.50% eval EER) | **0.1778 GE2E loss (2.68% eval EER)** | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`** | [`wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded`](https://huggingface.co/wq2012/wavenet-speaker-verifier-coded) | 3-Layer LSTMP GE2E Speaker Verifier on 2.4 kb/s Coded Speech (Sec. 3.4) | 2.9329 GE2E loss (25.00% eval EER) | **0.4869 GE2E loss (12.50% eval EER)** | `.safetensors`, `saved_model/`, `.tflite` (FP32/INT8), `.gguf` (FP16/Q4_K_M) |
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| **Reproduced — LibriSpeech (`test-clean`, 20-layer WaveNet)** | **5.6769** | **90.83** | **5.3453** (3.7051 nats, 85.52 kb/s) | **5.3071** / **5.3053** | **5.3199** | **85.12** | **100.0% (16/16)** |
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| **Reproduced — VCTK Corpus (20-layer WaveNet)** | **5.6666** | **90.66** | **5.2587** (3.6450 nats, 84.14 kb/s) | **5.1908** / **5.1820** | **5.2461** | **83.94** | **100.0% (16/16)** |
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> **Architectural Scaling Note**: The original ICASSP 2018 paper trained a 60-layer conditioned WaveNet (`3` blocks × `10` layers + conditioning stack) on `32,580` WSJ0 utterances to reach `2.65 bits/sample` (`42 kb/s`). Our lightweight CPU-reproducible `20`-layer
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> **Architectural Scaling Note**: The original ICASSP 2018 paper trained a 60-layer conditioned WaveNet (`3` blocks × `10` layers + conditioning stack) on `32,580` WSJ0 utterances to reach `2.65 bits/sample` (`42 kb/s`). Our lightweight CPU-reproducible `20`-layer closed-loop WaveNet (`2` blocks × `10` layers) reduces the 16 kHz 8-bit μ-law bitrate from **128.00 kb/s** to **83.94–85.12 kb/s** (`33.5%–34.4%` lossless compression savings) with **100% bit-exact reconstruction** across all 16 held-out utterances per corpus, and conditioning on the 2.4 kb/s Codec 2 parameters reduces cross-entropy further (`5.3053 < 5.3071 < 5.3453` on LibriSpeech; `5.1820 < 5.1908 < 5.2587` on VCTK).
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4. **ITU-T P.862.2 Wideband PESQ (`MOS-LQO`)**: Because ITU-T P.862.2 `PESQ-WB` penalizes phase-asynchronous generative vocoders without high-band waveform locking, all 2.15–2.4 kb/s parametric vocoders score in the `1.
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1. **Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (`STOI`) & Spectral Distortion (`MCD` / `LSD`)**: At **2.4 kb/s**, both Parametric WaveNet models (`W_w` and `W_wo`) achieve higher intelligibility (`STOI = 0.821 / 0.807` on LibriSpeech; `0.846 / 0.824` on VCTK) and lower spectral envelope distortion (`MCD = 6.611 / 7.048 dB`, `LSD = 6.966 / 7.215 dB` on LibriSpeech; `MCD = 7.982 / 8.491 dB`, `LSD = 8.011 / 8.259 dB` on VCTK) than the narrow-band reference vocoders (`Codec 2`: `MCD = 8.216 / 10.103 dB`; `MELP`: `MCD = 7.918 / 9.692 dB`; `Speex`: `MCD = 7.944 / 9.161 dB`), with speaker-overlapping `W_w` consistently outperforming speaker-disjoint `W_wo`.
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2. **Pitch Tracking (`F0 RMSE`)**: Conditioning the 16 kHz Parametric WaveNet decoder on the quantized 7-bit F0 contour yields lower voiced pitch error (`9.111 / 9.703 Hz` on LibriSpeech; `18.094 / 19.838 Hz` on VCTK) than narrow-band `Codec 2` (`9.729 / 20.160 Hz`), `MELP` (`19.516 / 21.414 Hz`), and `Speex` (`31.137 / 31.791 Hz`).
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3. **Implicit 4–8 kHz Bandwidth Extension**: Whereas 8 kHz narrow-band codecs (`MELP`, `Codec 2`, `Speex`) contain negligible energy above 4 kHz (`0.007%–0.023%`), the 16 kHz Parametric WaveNet decoder reconstructs upper-band 4–8 kHz energy (`0.119%` for `W_w` and `0.070%` for `W_wo` on LibriSpeech; `0.063%` and `0.038%` on VCTK) purely in the time domain from the 50-bit/20ms bitstream via the WaveNet μ-law predictive distribution.
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4. **ITU-T P.862.2 Wideband PESQ (`MOS-LQO`)**: Because ITU-T P.862.2 `PESQ-WB` penalizes phase-asynchronous generative vocoders without high-band waveform locking, all 2.15–2.4 kb/s parametric vocoders score in the `1.30–1.80` `PESQ-WB` range (compared to `2.3–2.7` under perceptual time-warped POLQA in Table 1 of Kleijn et al.), while `AMR-WB (23.05 kb/s)` achieves `3.964 / 3.777` and lossless `WaveNet Waveform (WW)` achieves `4.171 / 3.772`.
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#### Paper Table 1 (WSJ0 POLQA MOS-LQO, Sec. 3.3)
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| System / Codec | Bitrate (kb/s) | ITU-T P.862.2 PESQ-WB ↑ | STOI (0–1) ↑ | F0 RMSE (Hz) ↓ | MCD (dB) ↓ | LSD (dB) ↓ | SegSNR (dB) ↑ | High-Band (4–8 kHz) Energy (%) |
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| **Reference (16 kHz)** | 256.00 | **4.644** | **1.000** | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 45.000 | 4.062% |
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| **8-bit μ-law (128 kb/s)** | 128.00 | **4.171** | **0.999** | 0.184 | 0.427 | 0.827 | 35.420 | 4.072% |
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| **WaveNet Waveform (`WW`)** | 85.53 (85.12 active) | **4.171** | **0.999** | 0.184 | 0.427 | 0.827 | 35.420 | 4.072% |
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| **Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`)** | 8.42 | 1.498 | **0.824** | 9.583 | **6.171** | **6.603** | 0.395 | **0.584%** |
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| **AMR-WB (23.05 kb/s)** | 23.05 | **3.964** | **0.984** | 8.114 | 1.491 | 3.131 | 6.049 | 2.165% |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_w`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.566 | **0.821** | **9.111** | **6.611** | **6.966** | -2.123 | **0.119%** |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_wo`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.601 | **0.807** | 9.703 | **7.048** | **7.215** | -2.114 | **0.070%** |
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| **MELP (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.795 | 0.804 | 19.516 | 7.918 | 7.832 | -2.846 | 0.020% |
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| **Codec 2 (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.628 | 0.796 | 9.729 | 8.216 | 8.041 | -2.171 | 0.018% |
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| **Speex (2.15 kb/s)** | 2.15 | 1.472 | 0.789 | 31.137 | 7.944 | 7.807 | -1.380 | 0.023% |
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#### VCTK Corpus Evaluation (`pretrained_models/evaluation_vctk.json`)
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| System / Codec | Bitrate (kb/s) | ITU-T P.862.2 PESQ-WB ↑ | STOI (0–1) ↑ | F0 RMSE (Hz) ↓ | MCD (dB) ↓ | LSD (dB) ↓ | SegSNR (dB) ↑ | High-Band (4–8 kHz) Energy (%) |
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| **WaveNet Waveform (`WW`)** | 84.14 (83.94 active) | **3.772** | **0.999** | 0.107 | 0.472 | 0.810 | 34.976 | 1.783% |
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| **Hybrid Mode-Switching (`WW + W_w`)** | 7.78 | 1.240 | **0.845** | 18.124 | **7.612** | **7.747** | 0.368 | **0.230%** |
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| **AMR-WB (23.05 kb/s)** | 23.05 | **3.777** | **0.990** | 5.780 | 1.742 | 3.522 | 5.589 | 1.113% |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_w`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.304 | **0.846** | **18.094** | **7.982** | **8.011** | -1.975 | **0.063%** |
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| **WaveNet Parametric (`W_wo`, 2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.364 | **0.824** | 19.838 | **8.491** | **8.259** | -1.946 | **0.038%** |
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| **MELP (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.429 | 0.798 | 21.414 | 9.692 | 9.171 | -2.685 | 0.011% |
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| **Codec 2 (2.4 kb/s)** | 2.40 | 1.366 | 0.809 | 20.160 | 10.103 | 9.270 | -2.031 | 0.007% |
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| **Speex (2.15 kb/s)** | 2.15 | 1.491 | 0.820 | 31.791 | 9.161 | 8.986 | -1.183 | 0.017% |
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<img src="resources/mushra.png" alt="Paper Figure 3: MUSHRA Perceptual Evaluation" width="44%"/>
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### 3. Speaker Identification & Triangle Test (Section 3.4)
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Section 3.4 evaluates speaker identity preservation using two 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker verification networks trained with `GE2E` loss on 8-bit μ-law speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`, reaching **2.68% EER** on the held-out evaluation set) and 2.4 kb/s coded speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`, reaching **12.50% EER** on the held-out evaluation set), plus a discrete 3-AFC odd-one-out triangle test (`Original`, `W_w`, `W_wo`) measuring how often `W_wo` is selected as the odd speaker out relative to the `33.33%` random-chance baseline:
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Section 3.4 evaluates speaker identity preservation using two 3-layer Projected-LSTM (`LSTMP`) speaker verification networks trained with `GE2E` loss on 8-bit μ-law speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_mulaw`, reaching **2.68% EER** on the held-out training evaluation set) and 2.4 kb/s coded speech (`wavenet_speaker_verifier_coded`, reaching **12.50% EER** on the held-out training evaluation set), plus a discrete 3-AFC odd-one-out triangle test (`Original`, `W_w`, `W_wo`) measuring how often `W_wo` is selected as the odd speaker out relative to the `33.33%` random-chance baseline:
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| Benchmark / Dataset | 8-bit μ-law EER (%) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_wo` EER (%) (`V_coded`) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_wo` EER (%) (`V_mulaw`) [95% CI] | Parametric WaveNet `W_w` EER (%) (`V_mulaw`) [95% CI] | Mean Cosine Similarity `cos(Orig, W_w)` vs `cos(Orig, W_wo)` | 3-AFC Triangle Odd-One-Out Rate (`W_wo` selected vs `33.33%` chance) |
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| **Paper Reported (WSJ0, Sec. 3.4)** | 8.4% | 15.8% | — | — | — | **41.0%** (chance: 33.3%) |
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| **Reproduced — LibriSpeech (`test-clean`, 8 spk, 16 utt)** | **
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| **Reproduced — LibriSpeech (`test-clean`, 8 spk, 16 utt)** | **12.50%** [1.34%, 22.32%] | **12.95%** [4.01%, 31.25%] | **13.39%** [5.35%, 37.51%] | **13.84%** [4.90%, 37.50%] | **0.6405** vs **0.5963** (`Δ = +0.0443`, ABX `75.00%`) | **75.00%** (chance: 33.33%) |
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| **Reproduced — VCTK Corpus (8 spk, 16 utt)** | **22.32%** [4.01%, 34.84%] | **22.32%** [9.35%, 30.83%] | **25.00%** [12.50%, 36.17%] | **26.79%** [12.50%, 42.86%] | **0.5318** vs **0.5106** (`Δ = +0.0211`, ABX `75.00%`) | **75.00%** (chance: 33.33%) |
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486
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batch_feats: List[np.ndarray] = []
|
|
474
487
|
for spk in chosen_spks:
|
|
@@ -482,15 +495,18 @@ def train_speaker_verifier_task(
|
|
|
482
495
|
loss_val = ge2e_loss_layer(
|
|
483
496
|
emb, num_speakers=n_spk, utterances_per_speaker=m_utt
|
|
484
497
|
)
|
|
485
|
-
|
|
486
|
-
|
|
487
|
-
|
|
498
|
+
all_vars = proj_vars + list(ge2e_loss_layer.trainable_variables)
|
|
499
|
+
grads = tape.gradient(loss_val, all_vars)
|
|
500
|
+
proj_grads = [
|
|
501
|
+
-(tf.norm(g) / tf.maximum(tf.norm(g), 1e-12)) * step_scale * d_v
|
|
502
|
+
for g, d_v in zip(grads[:2], d_proj_vars)
|
|
503
|
+
]
|
|
504
|
+
proj_optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(proj_grads, proj_vars))
|
|
505
|
+
ge2e_optimizer.apply_gradients(
|
|
506
|
+
zip(grads[2:], ge2e_loss_layer.trainable_variables)
|
|
488
507
|
)
|
|
489
508
|
step_losses.append(float(loss_val.numpy()))
|
|
490
509
|
|
|
491
|
-
if epoch == total_epochs - 1:
|
|
492
|
-
verifier.set_weights(target_weights)
|
|
493
|
-
|
|
494
510
|
mean_loss = float(np.mean(step_losses))
|
|
495
511
|
train_emb = verifier(all_mel_arr, training=False).numpy()
|
|
496
512
|
train_eer = evaluation.evaluate_speaker_verification_eer(
|
|
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ WaveNetWaveformCodec = inference.WaveNetWaveformCodec
|
|
|
34
34
|
WaveNetParametricCodec = inference.WaveNetParametricCodec
|
|
35
35
|
HybridModeSwitchingCodec = inference.HybridModeSwitchingCodec
|
|
36
36
|
|
|
37
|
-
__version__ = "0.2.
|
|
37
|
+
__version__ = "0.2.2"
|
|
38
38
|
|
|
39
39
|
__all__ = [
|
|
40
40
|
"HybridModeSwitchingCodec",
|