vars-client 0.1.0__tar.gz

vars_client-0.1.0/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

vars_client-0.1.0/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: vars-client
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: Python client library unifying access to MBARI's VARS microservice stack
+Keywords: vars,mbari,oceanography,video-annotation,marine-biology,kiota,openapi-client
+Author: Kevin Barnard
+Author-email: Kevin Barnard <kbarnard@mbari.org>
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: httpx>=0.28.1
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-abstractions>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-http>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-serialization-form>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-serialization-json>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-serialization-multipart>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: microsoft-kiota-serialization-text>=1.11.7
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=6.0.3
+Maintainer: Kevin Barnard
+Maintainer-email: Kevin Barnard <kbarnard@mbari.org>
+Requires-Python: >=3.14
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/issues
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# vars-client
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Documentation](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/docs.yml/badge.svg)](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/)
+[![License: Apache-2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![Python 3.14+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.14%2B-blue.svg)](pyproject.toml)
+
+Python client library unifying access to MBARI's [VARS](https://www.mbari.org/technology/video-annotation-and-reference-system-vars/)
+microservice stack:
+
+| Service        | Purpose                                   |
+| -------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| Annosaurus     | Annotations                                |
+| Vampire Squid  | Video assets                               |
+| Oni            | Taxonomy / knowledge base                  |
+| Panoptes       | Image upload / archive                     |
+| Beholder       | On-demand video frame extraction           |
+| Skimmer        | ROI cropping                               |
+| Raziel         | Service configuration / discovery          |
+
+VARS is used by multiple institutions, so this library is built so each one
+can supply its own service URLs and credentials without touching code, and
+so read-only use works even with no credentials at all.
+
+**[Full documentation →](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/)**
+
+## Features
+
+- **Unified client.** [`VARSClient`](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/client/)
+  wires up all seven services from a single config object.
+- **Pluggable endpoint discovery.** Bootstrap from a running
+  [Raziel](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/config/#razielconfigprovider)
+  instance, or supply endpoints directly via dict, YAML, or environment
+  variables — no institution-specific code required.
+- **Handles VARS' four auth schemes** (JWT exchange, Raziel's two-stage
+  bootstrap, static API keys, and no auth) uniformly, including token
+  caching, proactive refresh, and retry-on-401. See
+  [Auth](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/auth/).
+- **Works with zero credentials.** Every read endpoint on Annosaurus, Vampire
+  Squid, Oni, and Panoptes is unauthenticated — omit a secret and you still
+  get a fully read-capable client.
+- **Generated, not hand-maintained.** Five of the six OpenAPI-backed services
+  are wrapped by [Kiota](https://learn.microsoft.com/openapi/kiota/)-generated
+  clients kept current with `just fetch-specs && just generate`; the
+  [API reference](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/exploring-the-api/)
+  is itself generated from those specs, cross-referenced against the actual
+  generated code.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+uv add vars-client
+```
+
+## Quick start
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+
+from vars_client.client import VARSClient
+from vars_client.config import RazielConfigProvider
+
+
+async def main():
+    config = RazielConfigProvider("https://vars.example.org/raziel")  # anonymous, read-only
+    client = await VARSClient(config).connect()
+
+    health = await client.annosaurus.v1.health.get()
+    print(health.application)
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+See [Client](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/client/) for the full
+usage guide and [Configuration](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/config/)
+for institution-specific setups.
+
+## Development
+
+This project uses [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) and a
+[`justfile`](justfile) for common tasks:
+
+```sh
+just sync    # install dependencies
+just check   # lint + typecheck + test
+just build   # build the sdist/wheel
+```
+
+See [Development](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/development/) for
+the full contributor workflow, including regenerating the Kiota clients from
+upstream OpenAPI specs.
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under the [Apache License, Version 2.0](LICENSE).

vars_client-0.1.0/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# vars-client
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Documentation](https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/actions/workflows/docs.yml/badge.svg)](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/)
+[![License: Apache-2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![Python 3.14+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.14%2B-blue.svg)](pyproject.toml)
+
+Python client library unifying access to MBARI's [VARS](https://www.mbari.org/technology/video-annotation-and-reference-system-vars/)
+microservice stack:
+
+| Service        | Purpose                                   |
+| -------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| Annosaurus     | Annotations                                |
+| Vampire Squid  | Video assets                               |
+| Oni            | Taxonomy / knowledge base                  |
+| Panoptes       | Image upload / archive                     |
+| Beholder       | On-demand video frame extraction           |
+| Skimmer        | ROI cropping                               |
+| Raziel         | Service configuration / discovery          |
+
+VARS is used by multiple institutions, so this library is built so each one
+can supply its own service URLs and credentials without touching code, and
+so read-only use works even with no credentials at all.
+
+**[Full documentation →](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/)**
+
+## Features
+
+- **Unified client.** [`VARSClient`](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/client/)
+  wires up all seven services from a single config object.
+- **Pluggable endpoint discovery.** Bootstrap from a running
+  [Raziel](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/config/#razielconfigprovider)
+  instance, or supply endpoints directly via dict, YAML, or environment
+  variables — no institution-specific code required.
+- **Handles VARS' four auth schemes** (JWT exchange, Raziel's two-stage
+  bootstrap, static API keys, and no auth) uniformly, including token
+  caching, proactive refresh, and retry-on-401. See
+  [Auth](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/auth/).
+- **Works with zero credentials.** Every read endpoint on Annosaurus, Vampire
+  Squid, Oni, and Panoptes is unauthenticated — omit a secret and you still
+  get a fully read-capable client.
+- **Generated, not hand-maintained.** Five of the six OpenAPI-backed services
+  are wrapped by [Kiota](https://learn.microsoft.com/openapi/kiota/)-generated
+  clients kept current with `just fetch-specs && just generate`; the
+  [API reference](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/exploring-the-api/)
+  is itself generated from those specs, cross-referenced against the actual
+  generated code.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+uv add vars-client
+```
+
+## Quick start
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+
+from vars_client.client import VARSClient
+from vars_client.config import RazielConfigProvider
+
+
+async def main():
+    config = RazielConfigProvider("https://vars.example.org/raziel")  # anonymous, read-only
+    client = await VARSClient(config).connect()
+
+    health = await client.annosaurus.v1.health.get()
+    print(health.application)
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+See [Client](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/client/) for the full
+usage guide and [Configuration](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/config/)
+for institution-specific setups.
+
+## Development
+
+This project uses [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) and a
+[`justfile`](justfile) for common tasks:
+
+```sh
+just sync    # install dependencies
+just check   # lint + typecheck + test
+just build   # build the sdist/wheel
+```
+
+See [Development](https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/development/) for
+the full contributor workflow, including regenerating the Kiota clients from
+upstream OpenAPI specs.
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under the [Apache License, Version 2.0](LICENSE).

vars_client-0.1.0/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+[project]
+name = "vars-client"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Python client library unifying access to MBARI's VARS microservice stack"
+readme = "README.md"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+license-files = ["LICENSE"]
+authors = [
+    { name = "Kevin Barnard", email = "kbarnard@mbari.org" },
+]
+maintainers = [
+    { name = "Kevin Barnard", email = "kbarnard@mbari.org" },
+]
+keywords = [
+    "vars",
+    "mbari",
+    "oceanography",
+    "video-annotation",
+    "marine-biology",
+    "kiota",
+    "openapi-client",
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
+    "Typing :: Typed",
+]
+requires-python = ">=3.14"
+dependencies = [
+    "httpx>=0.28.1",
+    "microsoft-kiota-abstractions>=1.11.7",
+    "microsoft-kiota-http>=1.11.7",
+    "microsoft-kiota-serialization-form>=1.11.7",
+    "microsoft-kiota-serialization-json>=1.11.7",
+    "microsoft-kiota-serialization-multipart>=1.11.7",
+    "microsoft-kiota-serialization-text>=1.11.7",
+    "pyyaml>=6.0.3",
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/"
+Documentation = "https://mbari-org.github.io/vars-client/"
+Repository = "https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client"
+Issues = "https://github.com/mbari-org/vars-client/issues"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["uv_build>=0.9.0,<0.10.0"]
+build-backend = "uv_build"
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    "pytest>=9.1.1",
+    "pytest-asyncio>=1.4.0",
+    "respx>=0.23.1",
+    "ruff>=0.15.20",
+    "ty>=0.0.56",
+]
+docs = [
+    "zensical>=0.0.47",
+]
+release = [
+    "python-semantic-release>=10.6.1",
+]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+asyncio_mode = "auto"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+extend-exclude = ["src/vars_client/generated"]
+
+[tool.ty.src]
+exclude = ["src/vars_client/generated"]
+
+[tool.semantic_release]
+assets = []
+commit_message = "{version}\n\nAutomatically generated by python-semantic-release"
+commit_parser = "conventional"
+logging_use_named_masks = false
+major_on_zero = true
+allow_zero_version = true
+tag_format = "v{version}"
+version_toml = [
+    "pyproject.toml:project.version",
+]
+version_variables = [
+    "src/vars_client/__init__.py:__version__",
+]
+
+[tool.semantic_release.branches.main]
+match = "(main|master)"
+prerelease_token = "rc"
+prerelease = false
+
+[tool.semantic_release.branches.develop]
+match = "develop"
+prerelease_token = "rc"
+prerelease = true
+
+[tool.semantic_release.changelog]
+exclude_commit_patterns = []
+
+[tool.semantic_release.changelog.default_templates]
+changelog_file = "CHANGELOG.md"
+
+[tool.semantic_release.changelog.environment]
+block_start_string = "{%"
+block_end_string = "%}"
+variable_start_string = "{{"
+variable_end_string = "}}"
+comment_start_string = "{#"
+comment_end_string = "#}"
+trim_blocks = false
+lstrip_blocks = false
+newline_sequence = "\n"
+keep_trailing_newline = false
+extensions = []
+autoescape = true
+
+[tool.semantic_release.commit_author]
+env = "GIT_COMMIT_AUTHOR"
+default = "semantic-release <semantic-release>"
+
+[tool.semantic_release.commit_parser_options]
+allowed_tags = ["build", "chore", "ci", "docs", "feat", "fix", "perf", "style", "refactor", "test"]
+minor_tags = ["feat"]
+patch_tags = ["fix", "perf"]
+
+[tool.semantic_release.remote]
+name = "origin"
+type = "github"
+ignore_token_for_push = false
+
+[tool.semantic_release.remote.token]
+env = "GH_TOKEN"
+
+[tool.semantic_release.publish]
+dist_glob_patterns = ["dist/*"]
+upload_to_vcs_release = true

vars_client-0.1.0/src/vars_client/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+__version__ = "0.1.0"
+
+
+def hello() -> str:
+    return "Hello from vars-client!"

vars_client-0.1.0/src/vars_client/auth/jwt_bootstrap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Shared machinery for auth schemes that exchange a credential for a
+short-lived Bearer JWT (the pattern used by Annosaurus/VampireSquid/Oni/
+Panoptes' `/auth` endpoint and Raziel's `/config/auth` endpoint).
+
+Subclasses only need to say *what* credential to send and *where* to send
+it; caching, proactive refresh, and concurrency-safe re-exchange are handled
+here.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Any
+
+import httpx
+from kiota_abstractions.authentication import AuthenticationProvider
+from kiota_abstractions.request_information import RequestInformation
+
+AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization"
+
+DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIFETIME = timedelta(hours=24)
+DEFAULT_REFRESH_BUFFER = timedelta(minutes=5)
+
+
+class JWTBootstrapAuthProvider(AuthenticationProvider):
+    """Exchanges a credential for a Bearer JWT, caches it, and refreshes it
+    proactively before expiry. Call `invalidate()` to force re-exchange on
+    the next request (e.g. after a 401 from the resource server).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base_url: str,
+        exchange_path: str,
+        token_field: str = "token",
+        *,
+        token_lifetime: timedelta = DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIFETIME,
+        refresh_buffer: timedelta = DEFAULT_REFRESH_BUFFER,
+        http_client: httpx.AsyncClient | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._exchange_url = base_url.rstrip("/") + exchange_path
+        self._token_field = token_field
+        self._token_lifetime = token_lifetime
+        self._refresh_buffer = refresh_buffer
+        self._http_client = http_client or httpx.AsyncClient()
+        self._token: str | None = None
+        self._issued_at: datetime | None = None
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _exchange_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Headers carrying the initial credential for the exchange request."""
+
+    def invalidate(self) -> None:
+        """Discard the cached token, forcing a fresh exchange on next use."""
+        self._token = None
+        self._issued_at = None
+
+    def _is_stale(self) -> bool:
+        if self._token is None or self._issued_at is None:
+            return True
+        age = datetime.now() - self._issued_at
+        return age >= self._token_lifetime - self._refresh_buffer
+
+    async def _refresh(self) -> None:
+        async with self._lock:
+            if not self._is_stale():
+                return  # another waiter already refreshed
+            response = await self._http_client.post(
+                self._exchange_url, headers=self._exchange_headers()
+            )
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            self._token = response.json()[self._token_field]
+            self._issued_at = datetime.now()
+
+    async def get_token(self) -> str:
+        if self._is_stale():
+            await self._refresh()
+        assert self._token is not None
+        return self._token
+
+    async def authenticate_request(
+        self,
+        request: RequestInformation,
+        additional_authentication_context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if request.headers.contains(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER):
+            request.headers.remove(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER)
+        token = await self.get_token()
+        request.headers.add(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, f"Bearer {token}")