unpaywall-mcp-server 1.0.0__tar.gz

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/.env.example

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+# Your email address — required by the Unpaywall API as an identifier
+# See https://unpaywall.org/products/api
+UNPAYWALL_EMAIL=your-email@example.com

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/.gitignore

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+venv/
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+.env
+.claude/
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+src/*.egg-info/

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 SMABoundless
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: unpaywall-mcp-server
+Version: 1.0.0
+Summary: MCP server for the Unpaywall API — open-access availability for 120M+ scholarly articles
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/SMABoundless/unpaywall-mcp-server
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/SMABoundless/unpaywall-mcp-server
+Author: SMABoundless
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: doi,mcp,open-access,scholarly,unpaywall
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: httpx>=0.27.0
+Requires-Dist: mcp[cli]>=1.0.0
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Unpaywall MCP Server
+
+An MCP (Model Context Protocol) server for the [Unpaywall](https://unpaywall.org/) API — open-access availability for 120M+ scholarly articles.
+
+Built with [FastMCP](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk).
+
+## Tools
+
+| Tool | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| `unpaywall_lookup` | Look up open-access availability by DOI — returns OA status, PDF/landing page URLs, license, all OA locations |
+| `unpaywall_search` | Search 120M+ article titles with OA filtering and pagination |
+| `unpaywall_export_ris` | Export results as RIS (for Zotero, EndNote, etc.) |
+| `unpaywall_export_bibtex` | Export results as BibTeX |
+
+## What you get
+
+- Open-access status and OA type (gold, green, hybrid, bronze)
+- Best OA location with direct PDF link
+- All OA locations across repositories and publishers
+- Journal OA status, ISSN, publisher info
+- Author lists, publication dates, DOIs
+- License information per location
+
+## Setup
+
+### 1. Get your email ready
+
+Unpaywall requires an email address as your API identifier (no API key needed). See the [Unpaywall API docs](https://unpaywall.org/products/api).
+
+### 2. Install
+
+```bash
+pip install unpaywall-mcp-server
+```
+
+Or install from source:
+
+```bash
+cd unpaywall-mcp-server
+python3 -m venv venv
+source venv/bin/activate
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+### 3. Add to Claude Desktop
+
+Add this to your `claude_desktop_config.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "unpaywall": {
+      "command": "uvx",
+      "args": ["unpaywall-mcp-server"],
+      "env": {
+        "UNPAYWALL_EMAIL": "your-email@example.com"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Or if using Claude Code CLI:
+
+```bash
+claude mcp add unpaywall \
+  uvx unpaywall-mcp-server \
+  -e UNPAYWALL_EMAIL=your-email@example.com
+```
+
+## Usage examples
+
+- "Is there an open-access version of DOI 10.1038/nature12373?"
+- "Search Unpaywall for open-access papers on CRISPR gene editing"
+- "Export these results as RIS for Zotero"
+- "Find OA articles about climate change mitigation"
+
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+<!-- mcp-name: io.github.smaboundless/unpaywall -->

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/README.md

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+# Unpaywall MCP Server
+
+An MCP (Model Context Protocol) server for the [Unpaywall](https://unpaywall.org/) API — open-access availability for 120M+ scholarly articles.
+
+Built with [FastMCP](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk).
+
+## Tools
+
+| Tool | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| `unpaywall_lookup` | Look up open-access availability by DOI — returns OA status, PDF/landing page URLs, license, all OA locations |
+| `unpaywall_search` | Search 120M+ article titles with OA filtering and pagination |
+| `unpaywall_export_ris` | Export results as RIS (for Zotero, EndNote, etc.) |
+| `unpaywall_export_bibtex` | Export results as BibTeX |
+
+## What you get
+
+- Open-access status and OA type (gold, green, hybrid, bronze)
+- Best OA location with direct PDF link
+- All OA locations across repositories and publishers
+- Journal OA status, ISSN, publisher info
+- Author lists, publication dates, DOIs
+- License information per location
+
+## Setup
+
+### 1. Get your email ready
+
+Unpaywall requires an email address as your API identifier (no API key needed). See the [Unpaywall API docs](https://unpaywall.org/products/api).
+
+### 2. Install
+
+```bash
+pip install unpaywall-mcp-server
+```
+
+Or install from source:
+
+```bash
+cd unpaywall-mcp-server
+python3 -m venv venv
+source venv/bin/activate
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+### 3. Add to Claude Desktop
+
+Add this to your `claude_desktop_config.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "unpaywall": {
+      "command": "uvx",
+      "args": ["unpaywall-mcp-server"],
+      "env": {
+        "UNPAYWALL_EMAIL": "your-email@example.com"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Or if using Claude Code CLI:
+
+```bash
+claude mcp add unpaywall \
+  uvx unpaywall-mcp-server \
+  -e UNPAYWALL_EMAIL=your-email@example.com
+```
+
+## Usage examples
+
+- "Is there an open-access version of DOI 10.1038/nature12373?"
+- "Search Unpaywall for open-access papers on CRISPR gene editing"
+- "Export these results as RIS for Zotero"
+- "Find OA articles about climate change mitigation"
+
+## License
+
+MIT
+
+<!-- mcp-name: io.github.smaboundless/unpaywall -->

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/pyproject.toml

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+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[project]
+name = "unpaywall-mcp-server"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "MCP server for the Unpaywall API — open-access availability for 120M+ scholarly articles"
+readme = "README.md"
+license = "MIT"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+authors = [
+    { name = "SMABoundless" },
+]
+keywords = ["mcp", "unpaywall", "open-access", "scholarly", "doi"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "mcp[cli]>=1.0.0",
+    "httpx>=0.27.0",
+]
+
+[project.scripts]
+unpaywall-mcp-server = "unpaywall_mcp_server:main"
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/SMABoundless/unpaywall-mcp-server"
+Repository = "https://github.com/SMABoundless/unpaywall-mcp-server"

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/requirements.txt

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+mcp[cli]>=1.0.0
+httpx>=0.27.0

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/server.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Unpaywall MCP Server for Claude Desktop
+
+Provides Claude Desktop with tools to look up open-access availability
+for scholarly articles, search by title, and export citations.
+
+Unpaywall API docs: https://unpaywall.org/products/api
+"""
+
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
+import httpx
+
+# ── Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+EMAIL = os.environ.get("UNPAYWALL_EMAIL", "")
+BASE_URL = "https://api.unpaywall.org/v2"
+
+mcp = FastMCP("Unpaywall")
+
+
+# ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async def _get(url: str, params: dict = None) -> dict:
+    """Make a GET request to the Unpaywall API."""
+    p = params or {}
+    p["email"] = EMAIL
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30) as client:
+        resp = await client.get(url, params=p)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.json()
+
+
+def _get_authors(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Extract author names from an Unpaywall record."""
+    authors = data.get("z_authors") or []
+    names = []
+    for a in authors:
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            names.append(name)
+    return "; ".join(names) if names else "Unknown"
+
+
+def _format_location(loc: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a single OA location."""
+    host = loc.get("host_type", "")
+    url = loc.get("url_for_pdf") or loc.get("url_for_landing_page") or loc.get("url", "")
+    version = loc.get("version", "")
+    license_ = loc.get("license", "")
+    source = loc.get("evidence", "")
+
+    line = f"  - [{host}]"
+    if version:
+        line += f" {version}"
+    if license_:
+        line += f" ({license_})"
+    if url:
+        line += f"\n    {url}"
+    if source:
+        line += f"\n    Evidence: {source}"
+    return line
+
+
+def _format_result(i: int, data: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a single Unpaywall record as readable text."""
+    title = data.get("title", "Untitled")
+    authors = _get_authors(data)
+    year = data.get("year", "")
+    doi = data.get("doi", "")
+    journal = data.get("journal_name", "")
+    publisher = data.get("publisher", "")
+    is_oa = data.get("is_oa", False)
+    oa_status = data.get("oa_status", "")
+
+    line = f"{i}. {title}"
+    line += f"\n   Authors: {authors}"
+    if journal:
+        line += f"\n   Journal: {journal}"
+    if year:
+        line += f"\n   Year: {year}"
+    if publisher:
+        line += f"\n   Publisher: {publisher}"
+    if doi:
+        line += f"\n   DOI: https://doi.org/{doi}"
+    line += f"\n   Open Access: {'Yes' if is_oa else 'No'}"
+    if oa_status:
+        line += f" ({oa_status})"
+
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location")
+    if best:
+        pdf = best.get("url_for_pdf", "")
+        landing = best.get("url_for_landing_page", "")
+        license_ = best.get("license", "")
+        if pdf:
+            line += f"\n   PDF: {pdf}"
+        elif landing:
+            line += f"\n   URL: {landing}"
+        if license_:
+            line += f"\n   License: {license_}"
+
+    return line
+
+
+def _format_lookup(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a full DOI lookup response."""
+    title = data.get("title", "Untitled")
+    authors = _get_authors(data)
+    year = data.get("year", "")
+    doi = data.get("doi", "")
+    journal = data.get("journal_name", "")
+    publisher = data.get("publisher", "")
+    is_oa = data.get("is_oa", False)
+    oa_status = data.get("oa_status", "")
+    genre = data.get("genre", "")
+    published_date = data.get("published_date", "")
+    journal_is_oa = data.get("journal_is_oa", False)
+    journal_issns = data.get("journal_issns", "")
+
+    output = f"Title: {title}\n"
+    output += f"Authors: {authors}\n"
+    if journal:
+        output += f"Journal: {journal}"
+        if journal_issns:
+            output += f" (ISSN: {journal_issns})"
+        output += "\n"
+        if journal_is_oa:
+            output += "Journal is fully OA: Yes\n"
+    if year:
+        output += f"Year: {year}\n"
+    if published_date:
+        output += f"Published: {published_date}\n"
+    if genre:
+        output += f"Type: {genre}\n"
+    if publisher:
+        output += f"Publisher: {publisher}\n"
+    if doi:
+        output += f"DOI: https://doi.org/{doi}\n"
+
+    output += f"\nOpen Access: {'Yes' if is_oa else 'No'}"
+    if oa_status:
+        output += f" (status: {oa_status})"
+    output += "\n"
+
+    # Best OA location
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location")
+    if best:
+        output += f"\nBest OA Location:\n{_format_location(best)}\n"
+
+    # All OA locations
+    locations = data.get("oa_locations") or []
+    if len(locations) > 1:
+        output += f"\nAll OA Locations ({len(locations)}):\n"
+        for loc in locations:
+            output += f"{_format_location(loc)}\n"
+
+    return output
+
+
+def _result_to_ris(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Convert an Unpaywall record to RIS format."""
+    genre = (data.get("genre") or "").lower()
+    ris_type = "JOUR" if "journal" in genre else "GEN"
+    lines = [f"TY  - {ris_type}"]
+
+    if data.get("title"):
+        lines.append(f"TI  - {data['title']}")
+
+    for a in (data.get("z_authors") or []):
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            lines.append(f"AU  - {name}")
+
+    if data.get("journal_name"):
+        lines.append(f"JO  - {data['journal_name']}")
+    if data.get("year"):
+        lines.append(f"PY  - {data['year']}")
+    if data.get("doi"):
+        lines.append(f"DO  - {data['doi']}")
+    if data.get("publisher"):
+        lines.append(f"PB  - {data['publisher']}")
+    if data.get("journal_issns"):
+        lines.append(f"SN  - {data['journal_issns']}")
+
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location") or {}
+    url = best.get("url_for_pdf") or best.get("url_for_landing_page") or ""
+    if url:
+        lines.append(f"UR  - {url}")
+
+    lines.append("ER  - ")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def _result_to_bibtex(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Convert an Unpaywall record to BibTeX format."""
+    genre = (data.get("genre") or "").lower()
+    bib_type = "article" if "journal" in genre else "misc"
+
+    authors_raw = data.get("z_authors") or []
+    first_family = "unknown"
+    if authors_raw and authors_raw[0].get("family"):
+        first_family = authors_raw[0]["family"].replace(" ", "")
+    year = data.get("year", "nd")
+    key = f"{first_family}{year}"
+
+    author_names = []
+    for a in authors_raw:
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            author_names.append(name)
+
+    lines = [f"@{bib_type}{{{key},"]
+    if data.get("title"):
+        lines.append(f"  title = {{{data['title']}}},")
+    if author_names:
+        lines.append(f"  author = {{{' and '.join(author_names)}}},")
+    if data.get("journal_name"):
+        lines.append(f"  journal = {{{data['journal_name']}}},")
+    if year != "nd":
+        lines.append(f"  year = {{{year}}},")
+    if data.get("doi"):
+        lines.append(f"  doi = {{{data['doi']}}},")
+    if data.get("publisher"):
+        lines.append(f"  publisher = {{{data['publisher']}}},")
+    lines.append("}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+# ── Store last results for export ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_last_results: list = []
+
+
+# ── Tools ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_lookup(doi: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Look up open-access availability for a scholarly article by DOI.
+
+    Returns OA status, best OA location (PDF/landing page URL, license),
+    all OA locations, journal info, authors, and publication details.
+
+    Args:
+        doi: The DOI to look up (e.g. "10.1038/nature12373")
+    """
+    global _last_results
+    try:
+        data = await _get(f"{BASE_URL}/{doi}")
+        _last_results = [data]
+        return _format_lookup(data)
+    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+        if e.response.status_code == 404:
+            return f"DOI not found: {doi}"
+        return f"Unpaywall API error: {e.response.status_code} — {e.response.text}"
+    except Exception as e:
+        return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_search(
+    query: str,
+    is_oa: Optional[bool] = None,
+    page: int = 1,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Search Unpaywall for scholarly articles by title.
+
+    Searches across 120M+ article titles. Supports AND (default),
+    quoted phrases, OR, and negation (-term). Returns up to 50 results per page.
+
+    Args:
+        query: Search terms for article titles (e.g. "machine learning")
+        is_oa: Filter by open-access status (true = OA only, false = closed only, omit for all)
+        page: Page number for pagination (50 results per page, default 1)
+    """
+    global _last_results
+    params = {"query": query, "page": page}
+    if is_oa is not None:
+        params["is_oa"] = str(is_oa).lower()
+
+    try:
+        data = await _get(f"{BASE_URL}/search/", params)
+        results = data.get("results", [])
+        elapsed = data.get("elapsed_seconds", "")
+
+        docs = [r.get("response", {}) for r in results]
+        _last_results = docs
+
+        if not docs:
+            return f"No results found for: {query}"
+
+        header = f"Unpaywall Search: {len(docs)} results (page {page})"
+        if elapsed:
+            header += f" in {elapsed:.2f}s"
+        header += f"\nQuery: {query}\n"
+        header += "=" * 60 + "\n\n"
+
+        formatted = "\n\n".join(
+            _format_result(i, doc) for i, doc in enumerate(docs, 1)
+        )
+        return header + formatted
+    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+        return f"Unpaywall API error: {e.response.status_code} — {e.response.text}"
+    except Exception as e:
+        return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_export_ris() -> str:
+    """
+    Export the most recent unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search results as RIS format.
+    Save output as a .ris file and import into Zotero: File -> Import.
+    """
+    if not _last_results:
+        return "No results to export. Run unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search first."
+    records = [_result_to_ris(doc) for doc in _last_results]
+    count = len(records)
+    return f"RIS Export ({count} records) — Save as .ris and import into Zotero:\n\n" + "\n\n".join(records)
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_export_bibtex() -> str:
+    """
+    Export the most recent unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search results as BibTeX format.
+    """
+    if not _last_results:
+        return "No results to export. Run unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search first."
+    records = [_result_to_bibtex(doc) for doc in _last_results]
+    count = len(records)
+    return f"BibTeX Export ({count} records):\n\n" + "\n\n".join(records)
+
+
+# ── Run ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    mcp.run()

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/src/unpaywall_mcp_server/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .server import mcp
+
+def main():
+    mcp.run()

unpaywall_mcp_server-1.0.0/src/unpaywall_mcp_server/server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Unpaywall MCP Server for Claude Desktop
+
+Provides Claude Desktop with tools to look up open-access availability
+for scholarly articles, search by title, and export citations.
+
+Unpaywall API docs: https://unpaywall.org/products/api
+"""
+
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
+import httpx
+
+# ── Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+EMAIL = os.environ.get("UNPAYWALL_EMAIL", "")
+BASE_URL = "https://api.unpaywall.org/v2"
+
+mcp = FastMCP("Unpaywall")
+
+
+# ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async def _get(url: str, params: dict = None) -> dict:
+    """Make a GET request to the Unpaywall API."""
+    p = params or {}
+    p["email"] = EMAIL
+    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=30) as client:
+        resp = await client.get(url, params=p)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.json()
+
+
+def _get_authors(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Extract author names from an Unpaywall record."""
+    authors = data.get("z_authors") or []
+    names = []
+    for a in authors:
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            names.append(name)
+    return "; ".join(names) if names else "Unknown"
+
+
+def _format_location(loc: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a single OA location."""
+    host = loc.get("host_type", "")
+    url = loc.get("url_for_pdf") or loc.get("url_for_landing_page") or loc.get("url", "")
+    version = loc.get("version", "")
+    license_ = loc.get("license", "")
+    source = loc.get("evidence", "")
+
+    line = f"  - [{host}]"
+    if version:
+        line += f" {version}"
+    if license_:
+        line += f" ({license_})"
+    if url:
+        line += f"\n    {url}"
+    if source:
+        line += f"\n    Evidence: {source}"
+    return line
+
+
+def _format_result(i: int, data: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a single Unpaywall record as readable text."""
+    title = data.get("title", "Untitled")
+    authors = _get_authors(data)
+    year = data.get("year", "")
+    doi = data.get("doi", "")
+    journal = data.get("journal_name", "")
+    publisher = data.get("publisher", "")
+    is_oa = data.get("is_oa", False)
+    oa_status = data.get("oa_status", "")
+
+    line = f"{i}. {title}"
+    line += f"\n   Authors: {authors}"
+    if journal:
+        line += f"\n   Journal: {journal}"
+    if year:
+        line += f"\n   Year: {year}"
+    if publisher:
+        line += f"\n   Publisher: {publisher}"
+    if doi:
+        line += f"\n   DOI: https://doi.org/{doi}"
+    line += f"\n   Open Access: {'Yes' if is_oa else 'No'}"
+    if oa_status:
+        line += f" ({oa_status})"
+
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location")
+    if best:
+        pdf = best.get("url_for_pdf", "")
+        landing = best.get("url_for_landing_page", "")
+        license_ = best.get("license", "")
+        if pdf:
+            line += f"\n   PDF: {pdf}"
+        elif landing:
+            line += f"\n   URL: {landing}"
+        if license_:
+            line += f"\n   License: {license_}"
+
+    return line
+
+
+def _format_lookup(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Format a full DOI lookup response."""
+    title = data.get("title", "Untitled")
+    authors = _get_authors(data)
+    year = data.get("year", "")
+    doi = data.get("doi", "")
+    journal = data.get("journal_name", "")
+    publisher = data.get("publisher", "")
+    is_oa = data.get("is_oa", False)
+    oa_status = data.get("oa_status", "")
+    genre = data.get("genre", "")
+    published_date = data.get("published_date", "")
+    journal_is_oa = data.get("journal_is_oa", False)
+    journal_issns = data.get("journal_issns", "")
+
+    output = f"Title: {title}\n"
+    output += f"Authors: {authors}\n"
+    if journal:
+        output += f"Journal: {journal}"
+        if journal_issns:
+            output += f" (ISSN: {journal_issns})"
+        output += "\n"
+        if journal_is_oa:
+            output += "Journal is fully OA: Yes\n"
+    if year:
+        output += f"Year: {year}\n"
+    if published_date:
+        output += f"Published: {published_date}\n"
+    if genre:
+        output += f"Type: {genre}\n"
+    if publisher:
+        output += f"Publisher: {publisher}\n"
+    if doi:
+        output += f"DOI: https://doi.org/{doi}\n"
+
+    output += f"\nOpen Access: {'Yes' if is_oa else 'No'}"
+    if oa_status:
+        output += f" (status: {oa_status})"
+    output += "\n"
+
+    # Best OA location
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location")
+    if best:
+        output += f"\nBest OA Location:\n{_format_location(best)}\n"
+
+    # All OA locations
+    locations = data.get("oa_locations") or []
+    if len(locations) > 1:
+        output += f"\nAll OA Locations ({len(locations)}):\n"
+        for loc in locations:
+            output += f"{_format_location(loc)}\n"
+
+    return output
+
+
+def _result_to_ris(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Convert an Unpaywall record to RIS format."""
+    genre = (data.get("genre") or "").lower()
+    ris_type = "JOUR" if "journal" in genre else "GEN"
+    lines = [f"TY  - {ris_type}"]
+
+    if data.get("title"):
+        lines.append(f"TI  - {data['title']}")
+
+    for a in (data.get("z_authors") or []):
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            lines.append(f"AU  - {name}")
+
+    if data.get("journal_name"):
+        lines.append(f"JO  - {data['journal_name']}")
+    if data.get("year"):
+        lines.append(f"PY  - {data['year']}")
+    if data.get("doi"):
+        lines.append(f"DO  - {data['doi']}")
+    if data.get("publisher"):
+        lines.append(f"PB  - {data['publisher']}")
+    if data.get("journal_issns"):
+        lines.append(f"SN  - {data['journal_issns']}")
+
+    best = data.get("best_oa_location") or {}
+    url = best.get("url_for_pdf") or best.get("url_for_landing_page") or ""
+    if url:
+        lines.append(f"UR  - {url}")
+
+    lines.append("ER  - ")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def _result_to_bibtex(data: dict) -> str:
+    """Convert an Unpaywall record to BibTeX format."""
+    genre = (data.get("genre") or "").lower()
+    bib_type = "article" if "journal" in genre else "misc"
+
+    authors_raw = data.get("z_authors") or []
+    first_family = "unknown"
+    if authors_raw and authors_raw[0].get("family"):
+        first_family = authors_raw[0]["family"].replace(" ", "")
+    year = data.get("year", "nd")
+    key = f"{first_family}{year}"
+
+    author_names = []
+    for a in authors_raw:
+        given = a.get("given", "")
+        family = a.get("family", "")
+        name = f"{family}, {given}".strip(", ") if family else given
+        if name:
+            author_names.append(name)
+
+    lines = [f"@{bib_type}{{{key},"]
+    if data.get("title"):
+        lines.append(f"  title = {{{data['title']}}},")
+    if author_names:
+        lines.append(f"  author = {{{' and '.join(author_names)}}},")
+    if data.get("journal_name"):
+        lines.append(f"  journal = {{{data['journal_name']}}},")
+    if year != "nd":
+        lines.append(f"  year = {{{year}}},")
+    if data.get("doi"):
+        lines.append(f"  doi = {{{data['doi']}}},")
+    if data.get("publisher"):
+        lines.append(f"  publisher = {{{data['publisher']}}},")
+    lines.append("}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+# ── Store last results for export ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_last_results: list = []
+
+
+# ── Tools ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_lookup(doi: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Look up open-access availability for a scholarly article by DOI.
+
+    Returns OA status, best OA location (PDF/landing page URL, license),
+    all OA locations, journal info, authors, and publication details.
+
+    Args:
+        doi: The DOI to look up (e.g. "10.1038/nature12373")
+    """
+    global _last_results
+    try:
+        data = await _get(f"{BASE_URL}/{doi}")
+        _last_results = [data]
+        return _format_lookup(data)
+    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+        if e.response.status_code == 404:
+            return f"DOI not found: {doi}"
+        return f"Unpaywall API error: {e.response.status_code} — {e.response.text}"
+    except Exception as e:
+        return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_search(
+    query: str,
+    is_oa: Optional[bool] = None,
+    page: int = 1,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Search Unpaywall for scholarly articles by title.
+
+    Searches across 120M+ article titles. Supports AND (default),
+    quoted phrases, OR, and negation (-term). Returns up to 50 results per page.
+
+    Args:
+        query: Search terms for article titles (e.g. "machine learning")
+        is_oa: Filter by open-access status (true = OA only, false = closed only, omit for all)
+        page: Page number for pagination (50 results per page, default 1)
+    """
+    global _last_results
+    params = {"query": query, "page": page}
+    if is_oa is not None:
+        params["is_oa"] = str(is_oa).lower()
+
+    try:
+        data = await _get(f"{BASE_URL}/search/", params)
+        results = data.get("results", [])
+        elapsed = data.get("elapsed_seconds", "")
+
+        docs = [r.get("response", {}) for r in results]
+        _last_results = docs
+
+        if not docs:
+            return f"No results found for: {query}"
+
+        header = f"Unpaywall Search: {len(docs)} results (page {page})"
+        if elapsed:
+            header += f" in {elapsed:.2f}s"
+        header += f"\nQuery: {query}\n"
+        header += "=" * 60 + "\n\n"
+
+        formatted = "\n\n".join(
+            _format_result(i, doc) for i, doc in enumerate(docs, 1)
+        )
+        return header + formatted
+    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+        return f"Unpaywall API error: {e.response.status_code} — {e.response.text}"
+    except Exception as e:
+        return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_export_ris() -> str:
+    """
+    Export the most recent unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search results as RIS format.
+    Save output as a .ris file and import into Zotero: File -> Import.
+    """
+    if not _last_results:
+        return "No results to export. Run unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search first."
+    records = [_result_to_ris(doc) for doc in _last_results]
+    count = len(records)
+    return f"RIS Export ({count} records) — Save as .ris and import into Zotero:\n\n" + "\n\n".join(records)
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def unpaywall_export_bibtex() -> str:
+    """
+    Export the most recent unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search results as BibTeX format.
+    """
+    if not _last_results:
+        return "No results to export. Run unpaywall_lookup or unpaywall_search first."
+    records = [_result_to_bibtex(doc) for doc in _last_results]
+    count = len(records)
+    return f"BibTeX Export ({count} records):\n\n" + "\n\n".join(records)
+
+
+# ── Run ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    mcp.run()