tina4-python 3.13.15__tar.gz → 3.13.19__tar.gz

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: tina4-python
-Version: 3.13.15
+Version: 3.13.19
 Summary: Tina4 Python v3 — Zero-dependency, lightweight web framework
 Author-email: Andre van Zuydam <andrevanzuydam@gmail.com>
 License: MIT

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "tina4-python"
-version = "3.13.15"
+version = "3.13.19"
 description = "Tina4 Python v3 — Zero-dependency, lightweight web framework"
 authors = [
     {name = "Andre van Zuydam", email = "andrevanzuydam@gmail.com"}

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/CLAUDE.md

@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ Rules:
 ```python
 # app.py
 from tina4_python.core import run
-from tina4_python.orm import orm_bind
+from tina4_python.orm import bind_database
 from tina4_python.frond import Frond
 from tina4_python.database import Database
 
 # 1. Database & ORM
 db = Database("sqlite:///app.db")
-orm_bind(db)
+bind_database(db)
 
 # 2. Custom Twig filters
 Frond.add_filter("money", lambda v: f"{float(v or 0):,.2f}")
@@ -282,8 +282,9 @@ Queue(topic="tasks").push({"action": "send_email"})
     - **Macro imports**: `{% from "macros/forms.twig" import field_group %}` — macros do NOT inherit parent context, pass variables explicitly
 4. **DatabaseResult**: `dba.fetch()` returns a `DatabaseResult` object, NOT a plain list
     - Use `.records` to get list of dicts: `result.records`
-    - Use `.count` for row count (no `len()` support)
+    - Use `.count` for total row count; `len(result)` also works
     - Iteration works: `for row in result` or `list(result)`
+    - Index/slice access works: `result[0]`, `result[1:3]`
     - Other methods: `.to_json()`, `.to_array()`, `.to_csv()`, `.to_paginate()`
 4. **fetch_one()**: Returns a plain dict (or None), NOT a DatabaseResult
 5. **Dict access**: All query results use dict access `row["column"]` not attribute access `row.column`
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ tina4_python/               # Core framework package (v3.0.0)
 │   ├── connection.py       # Database class (URL-based connection)
 │   ├── adapter.py          # DatabaseAdapter, DatabaseResult, SQLTranslator
 │   ├── sqlite.py, postgres.py, mysql.py, mssql.py, firebird.py, odbc.py
-├── orm/                    # Active Record ORM (ORM, Field, orm_bind)
+├── orm/                    # Active Record ORM (ORM, Field, bind_database)
 │   ├── model.py            # ORM base class
 │   └── fields.py           # IntegerField, StringField, etc.
 ├── frond/                  # Template engine (Frond — Jinja2/Twig-compatible)
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ tina4_python/               # Core framework package (v3.0.0)
 ├── dotenv/                 # .env file loader
 ├── cli/                    # CLI commands
 ├── HtmlElement.py          # Programmatic HTML builder (HTMLElement, add_html_helpers)
-├── Testing.py              # Inline testing framework (tests, assert_equal, run_all_tests)
+├── Testing.py              # Inline testing framework (tests, assert_equal, run_all)
 ├── templates/              # Built-in framework templates (Twig)
 ├── public/                 # Built-in static assets
 └── scss/                   # Built-in SCSS
@@ -478,6 +479,9 @@ request.session     # Session object — use .get(key) and .set(key, value)
 
 ```python
 return response({"data": []})              # JSON (auto-detected from dict/list)
+return response(User.find(1))              # ORM model -> JSON object
+return response(User.all())                # list of models -> JSON array
+return response(db.fetch("SELECT * FROM users"))  # DatabaseResult -> JSON array
 return response("<h1>Hello</h1>")          # HTML
 return response("Not found", 404)          # With status code
 return response.redirect("/login")         # Redirect
@@ -486,6 +490,8 @@ return response.file("doc.pdf")            # Serve a file
 return response.stream(generator)          # SSE/streaming response (text/event-stream)
 ```
 
+`response()` auto-serializes a domain object — an ORM model, a list of models, or a `DatabaseResult` — to JSON with no manual `to_dict()` / `to_json()`. A single model becomes a JSON object; a list of models or a `DatabaseResult` becomes a JSON array. Dicts, lists and strings behave exactly as before (purely additive).
+
 Add custom headers before returning:
 ```python
 from tina4_python.core.response import Response
@@ -820,19 +826,37 @@ class User(ORM):
     email = StringField()
 ```
 
-Initialize in `app.py`:
+**Binding the database:**
+
+- **`.env` default (no call needed)** — models auto-bind to `TINA4_DATABASE_URL` when it is set, so most apps need no binding call at all.
+- **`bind_database(db)`** — override the default explicitly; assigns the connection to all ORM subclasses that don't select a named one.
+- **`bind_database(db, name="analytics")` + `_db = "analytics"`** — register a named/secondary connection and point a model at it. A missing named connection raises a clear error.
+
 ```python
-from tina4_python.orm import orm_bind
+from tina4_python.orm import bind_database
 from tina4_python.database import Database
 
-orm_bind(Database("sqlite:///app.db"))  # Assigns DB to all ORM subclasses
+# Most apps: nothing to do — the .env default (TINA4_DATABASE_URL) is auto-bound.
+
+# Override the default explicitly:
+bind_database(Database("sqlite:///app.db"))  # Assigns DB to all ORM subclasses
+
+# Register a NAMED connection and point a model at it:
+bind_database(Database("postgres://…/analytics", "u", "p"), name="analytics")
+
+class Visit(ORM):
+    _db = "analytics"   # this model uses the analytics connection
 ```
 
 ### ORM operations
 
+The constructor accepts a dict, a JSON object string, or keyword args. Passing a list/array raises a clear `TypeError` (map over the list to build many records).
+
 ```python
 # Create
-user = User({"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"})
+user = User({"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"})    # dict
+user = User('{"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}')  # JSON object string
+user = User(name="Alice", email="alice@example.com")            # keyword args
 user.save()
 
 # Load — alias for select_one (class method, returns instance or None)
@@ -853,17 +877,17 @@ user.save()
 user.delete()
 
 # Query
-result = User().select(filter="name = ?", params=["Alice"], limit=10)
+result = User().select(sql="name = ?", params=["Alice"], limit=10)
 
 # Convert to dict
 user.to_dict()
 
-# NoSQL support: to_mongo() generates MongoDB query documents from the same fluent API
-result.to_mongo()
+# NoSQL support: to_mongo() lives on QueryBuilder and generates MongoDB query documents from the same fluent API
+User.query().where("name = ?", ["Alice"]).to_mongo()
 ```
 
 ### Available field types
-`IntegerField`, `StringField`, `TextField`, `DateTimeField`, `NumericField`, `BlobField`, `JSONBField`, `ForeignKeyField`
+`IntegerField`, `StringField`, `TextField`, `DateTimeField`, `NumericField`, `BlobField`, `BooleanField`, `FloatField`, `ForeignKeyField`
 
 Import from `tina4_python` or `tina4_python.orm.fields`.
 
@@ -1187,7 +1211,8 @@ from tina4_python.graphql import GraphQL
 gql = GraphQL()
 gql.schema.from_orm(User)
 gql.schema.from_orm(Product)
-gql.register_route("/graphql")  # POST = queries, GET = GraphiQL IDE
+# The engine serves HTTP at gql.endpoint (default "/graphql", set via TINA4_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT).
+# To wire it manually, call gql.execute_json(...) from a @post route.
 ```
 
 `from_orm()` creates: type, single query (`user(id: ID)`), list query (`users(limit, offset)`), create/update/delete mutations.
@@ -1196,16 +1221,18 @@ gql.register_route("/graphql")  # POST = queries, GET = GraphiQL IDE
 
 ```python
 gql.schema.add_type("Widget", {"id": "ID", "name": "String", "price": "Float"})
-gql.schema.add_query("widget", {
-    "type": "Widget",
-    "args": {"id": "ID"},
-    "resolve": lambda root, args, ctx: {"id": args["id"], "name": "Cog", "price": 5.0},
-})
-gql.schema.add_mutation("deleteWidget", {
-    "type": "Boolean",
-    "args": {"id": "ID!"},
-    "resolve": lambda root, args, ctx: True,
-})
+gql.schema.add_query(
+    "widget",
+    args={"id": "ID"},
+    return_type="Widget",
+    resolver=lambda root, args, ctx: {"id": args["id"], "name": "Cog", "price": 5.0},
+)
+gql.schema.add_mutation(
+    "deleteWidget",
+    args={"id": "ID!"},
+    return_type="Boolean",
+    resolver=lambda root, args, ctx: True,
+)
 ```
 
 ### Programmatic usage (no HTTP)
@@ -1322,8 +1349,8 @@ uv run tina4python test                     # Discovers @tests in src/**/*.py
 
 Or programmatically:
 ```python
-from tina4_python.Testing import run_all_tests
-run_all_tests(quiet=False, failfast=False)
+from tina4_python.Testing import run_all
+run_all(quiet=False, failfast=False)
 ```
 
 ## Events — Decoupled Communication
@@ -1374,7 +1401,7 @@ clear()                      # remove all listeners for all events
 Detect AI coding tools in a project and install Tina4-aware context files so any assistant understands the framework.
 
 ```python
-from tina4_python.ai import detect_ai, detect_ai_names, install_context, install_all, status_report
+from tina4_python.ai import detect_ai, detect_ai_names, install_context, install_selected, status_report
 
 # Detect which AI tools are present
 tools = detect_ai(".")
@@ -1383,12 +1410,15 @@ tools = detect_ai(".")
 # Just the names of detected tools
 names = detect_ai_names(".")   # ["claude-code", "cursor"]
 
-# Install context files for detected tools
-created = install_context(".", tools=None, force=False)
+# Install context for ALL known AI tools (tools=None default)
+created = install_context(".")
 # ["CLAUDE.md", ".cursorules"]
 
-# Install context for ALL known AI tools (not just detected)
-created = install_all(".", force=False)
+# Install context for specific tools only
+created = install_context(".", tools=["claude-code", "cursor"])
+
+# Or select by CSV/"all" string
+created = install_selected(".", "all")
 
 # Human-readable status report
 print(status_report("."))
@@ -1511,7 +1541,7 @@ HTMLElement("img", {"src": "/logo.png"})  # <img src="/logo.png">
 Attach test assertions directly to functions with the `@tests` decorator. Tests are registered globally and run via CLI or programmatically.
 
 ```python
-from tina4_python.Testing import tests, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_true, assert_false, run_all_tests
+from tina4_python.Testing import tests, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_true, assert_false, run_all
 
 @tests(
     assert_equal((5, 3), 8),           # add(5, 3) == 8
@@ -1534,7 +1564,7 @@ uv run tina4python test                  # Discovers @tests in src/**/*.py
 
 ```python
 # Programmatic execution
-results = run_all_tests(quiet=False, failfast=False)
+results = run_all(quiet=False, failfast=False)
 # {"passed": 5, "failed": 0, "errors": 0, "details": [...]}
 ```
 
@@ -1769,7 +1799,7 @@ async def invite(request, response):
 queue = Queue(topic="emails")
 for job in queue.consume("emails"):
     email = job.data
-    html = Template.render(f"emails/{email['template']}.twig", email["data"])
+    html = Frond().render(f"emails/{email['template']}.twig", email["data"])
     # ... send via SMTP
     job.complete()
 ```
@@ -1806,7 +1836,7 @@ async def dashboard(request, response):
 ## v3 Features Summary
 
 - **55 built-in features**, zero third-party dependencies
-- **2,299 tests** passing across all modules
+- **2,852 tests** passing across all modules
 - **Production server auto-detect**: `tina4python serve --production` auto-installs uvicorn
 - **`tina4python generate`**: model, route, migration, middleware scaffolding
 - **Database**: 5 engines (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, Firebird), query caching (`TINA4_DB_CACHE=true`, `cache_stats()`, `cache_clear()`)

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Tina4 Python v3.0 — Zero-dependency, lightweight web framework.
 
 One import, everything works.
 """
-__version__ = "3.13.15"
+__version__ = "3.13.19"
 
 # ── Route decorators ──
 from tina4_python.core.router import (  # noqa: E402, F401
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from tina4_python.database import Database  # noqa: E402, F401
 
 # ── ORM ──
 from tina4_python.orm import (  # noqa: E402, F401
-    ORM, orm_bind, Field,
+    ORM, bind_database, Field,
     IntegerField, StringField, BooleanField, FloatField,
     DateTimeField, TextField, BlobField, NumericField,
     ForeignKeyField,

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/core/response.py

@@ -70,6 +70,34 @@ def set_frond(engine):
     _global_frond = engine
 
 
+def _to_jsonable(data):
+    """Normalise domain objects into JSON-serialisable structures.
+
+    Lets a route hand domain objects straight to ``response(...)`` /
+    ``response.json(...)`` without calling ``.to_dict()``/``.to_json()`` by hand:
+
+        return response(user)            # ORM model       -> dict
+        return response(User.all())      # list[ORM]        -> list[dict]
+        return response(db.fetch(sql))   # DatabaseResult   -> list[dict]
+
+    Plain ``dict`` / ``str`` / ``bytes`` / ``None`` pass through unchanged, so
+    existing handlers behave exactly as before.
+    """
+    if data is None or isinstance(data, (dict, str, bytes)):
+        return data
+    # Query result (DatabaseResult): exposes both a ``records`` list and a
+    # ``to_array`` method — the pair distinguishes it from a plain {"records": …} dict.
+    if isinstance(getattr(data, "records", None), list) and callable(getattr(data, "to_array", None)):
+        return data.records
+    # ORM model: duck-typed on a callable ``to_dict``.
+    if callable(getattr(data, "to_dict", None)):
+        return data.to_dict()
+    # Collections: normalise each element (list of models -> list of dicts).
+    if isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
+        return [_to_jsonable(item) for item in data]
+    return data
+
+
 class Response:
     """HTTP response builder with compression and ETag support."""
 
@@ -107,6 +135,10 @@ class Response:
             for k, v in headers.items():
                 self._headers.append((k, v))
 
+        # Normalise ORM models / collections / query results so handlers can
+        # `return response(model)` without serialising by hand.
+        data = _to_jsonable(data)
+
         if content_type:
             # Explicit content type provided
             self.content_type = content_type
@@ -232,7 +264,7 @@ class Response:
         if status_code:
             self.status_code = status_code
         self.content_type = "application/json"
-        self.content = json.dumps(data, default=str, separators=(",", ":")).encode()
+        self.content = json.dumps(_to_jsonable(data), default=str, separators=(",", ":")).encode()
         return self
 
     def html(self, content: str, status_code: int = None) -> "Response":

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/database/adapter.py

@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ class DatabaseResult:
     def __len__(self):
         return self.count
 
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        """Index / slice access into the result rows.
+
+        v3.13.16: ``result[0]`` (and slicing) are documented (book ch5 §4
+        "Index Access") but used to raise ``TypeError: 'DatabaseResult'
+        object is not subscriptable``. Delegate to the materialised rows so
+        index and slice access behave like a list.
+        """
+        return self.records[index]
+
     def __bool__(self):
         return self.error is None
 

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/database/postgres.py

@@ -535,7 +535,12 @@ class PostgreSQLAdapter(DatabaseAdapter):
         """
         sql = SQLTranslator.placeholder_style(sql, "%s")
         sql = SQLTranslator.auto_increment_syntax(sql, "postgresql")
-        sql = SQLTranslator.boolean_to_int(sql)
+        # v3.13.16: do NOT run boolean_to_int on PostgreSQL — PG has a native
+        # BOOLEAN type, so TRUE/FALSE are valid literals and 1/0 are NOT
+        # interchangeable with them. Converting (e.g. `DEFAULT FALSE` -> `DEFAULT 0`,
+        # or `WHERE active = TRUE` -> `= 1`) raises "column is of type boolean but
+        # expression is of type integer" / "operator does not exist: boolean = integer".
+        # boolean_to_int stays for INTEGER/BIT-backed engines (SQLite, Firebird, MSSQL).
         return sql
 
     def _supports_returning(self) -> bool:

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/orm/__init__.py

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ from tina4_python.orm.fields import (
     IntField, StrField, BoolField,  # short aliases
     has_many, has_one, belongs_to,  # relationship descriptors
 )
-from tina4_python.orm.model import ORM, orm_bind
+from tina4_python.orm.model import ORM, bind_database
 
 __all__ = [
-    "ORM", "orm_bind",
+    "ORM", "bind_database",
     "Field",
     # Verbose (preferred)
     "IntegerField", "StringField", "BooleanField", "FloatField",

{tina4_python-3.13.15 → tina4_python-3.13.19}/tina4_python/orm/model.py

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ from tina4_python.core.cache import Cache
 # Module-level query cache — shared across all ORM models
 _query_cache = Cache(default_ttl=0, max_size=500)
 
-# Global database reference — set via orm_bind()
+# Global database reference — set via bind_database()
 _database = None
 # Named database connections registry
 _databases: dict[str, object] = {}
 
 
-def orm_bind(db, name: str = None):
+def bind_database(db, name: str = None):
     """Bind a Database instance to ORM models.
 
     Args:
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ def orm_bind(db, name: str = None):
               If None, sets the global default used by all models without _db.
 
     Usage:
-        orm_bind(db_main)                    # default for all models
-        orm_bind(db_audit, name="audit")     # named connection
+        bind_database(db_main)                    # default for all models
+        bind_database(db_audit, name="audit")     # named connection
 
         # Decorator style — class is returned unchanged:
-        @orm_bind(db)
+        @bind_database(db)
         class User(ORM):
             ...
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def orm_bind(db, name: str = None):
     else:
         _databases[name] = db
 
-    # Return a pass-through decorator so @orm_bind(db) syntax works.
+    # Return a pass-through decorator so @bind_database(db) syntax works.
     # Without this the decorator would set the class to None.
     def _decorator(cls):
         return cls
@@ -191,6 +191,16 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
             import json
             data = json.loads(data)
 
+        # A single model is one record — reject a list/array with a clear
+        # message instead of a cryptic "'list' object has no attribute 'items'".
+        if data is not None and not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{type(self).__name__}() expects a dict, a JSON object string, or "
+                f"keyword args for one record — got {type(data).__name__}. To build "
+                f"many records, map over the list: "
+                f"[{type(self).__name__}(row) for row in rows]."
+            )
+
         # Populate from dict or kwargs
         if data:
             self._populate(data)
@@ -269,7 +279,7 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
         Resolution order:
         1. cls._db as a Database instance (direct assignment)
         2. cls._db as a string name → look up in _databases registry
-        3. Global _database (set via orm_bind(db))
+        3. Global _database (set via bind_database(db))
         """
         if cls._db is not None:
             if isinstance(cls._db, str):
@@ -277,7 +287,7 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
                 if db is None:
                     raise RuntimeError(
                         f"Named database '{cls._db}' not found. "
-                        f"Call orm_bind(db, name='{cls._db}') first."
+                        f"Call bind_database(db, name='{cls._db}') first."
                     )
                 return db
             return cls._db  # Direct Database instance
@@ -291,10 +301,10 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
                 username = os.environ.get("TINA4_DATABASE_USERNAME", "")
                 password = os.environ.get("TINA4_DATABASE_PASSWORD", "")
                 db = Database(url, username, password)
-                orm_bind(db)
+                bind_database(db)
                 return db
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "No database bound. Call orm_bind(db) or set TINA4_DATABASE_URL in .env"
+                "No database bound. Call bind_database(db) or set TINA4_DATABASE_URL in .env"
             )
         return _database
 
@@ -748,7 +758,10 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
         # where it's reliable. SQLite and Firebird stay on INTEGER —
         # SQLite has no native bool, and Firebird's driver round-trip
         # for native BOOLEAN is uneven across versions.
-        if engine == "postgres":
+        # v3.13.16: db.get_database_type() returns "postgresql" (with the -ql),
+        # so the old `== "postgres"` check never matched and BooleanField got
+        # INTEGER on PG — which then can't accept a Python bool on insert.
+        if engine in ("postgres", "postgresql"):
             bool_sql = "BOOLEAN"
         elif engine == "mysql":
             bool_sql = "BOOLEAN"  # MySQL alias for TINYINT(1)
@@ -758,6 +771,16 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
             # sqlite, firebird, odbc, anything else
             bool_sql = "INTEGER"
 
+        # v3.13.16: DateTimeField was emitted as "DATETIME" unconditionally,
+        # but PostgreSQL and Firebird have no DATETIME type — CREATE TABLE blew
+        # up with `type "datetime" does not exist`. Emit each engine's real
+        # timestamp type. (MySQL/MSSQL/SQLite keep DATETIME: it's valid there,
+        # and on MySQL it avoids TIMESTAMP's auto-update + 2038 surprises.)
+        if engine in ("postgres", "postgresql", "firebird"):
+            datetime_sql = "TIMESTAMP"
+        else:
+            datetime_sql = "DATETIME"
+
         # Don't recreate if table already exists
         if db.table_exists(table):
             return True
@@ -781,7 +804,7 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
             elif kind == "BooleanField":
                 sql_type = bool_sql
             elif kind == "DateTimeField":
-                sql_type = "DATETIME"
+                sql_type = datetime_sql
             elif kind == "BlobField":
                 sql_type = "BLOB"
             else:
@@ -809,7 +832,14 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
                 if isinstance(default_val, str):
                     parts.append(f"DEFAULT '{default_val}'")
                 elif isinstance(default_val, bool):
-                    parts.append(f"DEFAULT {1 if default_val else 0}")
+                    # v3.13.16: a native BOOLEAN column (PG/MySQL) needs
+                    # TRUE/FALSE; INTEGER- and BIT-backed bools (SQLite,
+                    # Firebird, MSSQL) need 1/0. `DEFAULT 0` on a PG BOOLEAN
+                    # raises "default expression is of type integer".
+                    if bool_sql == "BOOLEAN":
+                        parts.append(f"DEFAULT {'TRUE' if default_val else 'FALSE'}")
+                    else:
+                        parts.append(f"DEFAULT {1 if default_val else 0}")
                 else:
                     parts.append(f"DEFAULT {default_val}")
 
@@ -821,8 +851,16 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
         engine = db.get_database_type()
         sql = SQLTranslator.auto_increment_syntax(sql, engine)
 
-        db.execute(sql)
+        # v3.13.16: don't claim success when the DDL failed. db.execute()
+        # swallows the driver error into get_error() and returns False, so a
+        # bad type (or any DDL error) used to leave create_table() returning
+        # True while no table was actually created — a silent, misleading pass.
+        ok = db.execute(sql)
         db.commit()
+        if ok is False:
+            from tina4_python.debug import Log
+            Log.error(f"create_table failed for {table}: {db.get_error()}", sql=sql)
+            return False
         return True
 
     # ── Cached Queries ────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -862,7 +900,7 @@ class ORM(metaclass=ORMMeta):
         Resolution order matches _get_db():
         1. cls._db as a Database instance
         2. cls._db as a named string → registry lookup
-        3. Global default set via orm_bind()
+        3. Global default set via bind_database()
         """
         return cls._get_db()