tectonic-utils 0.1.2__tar.gz

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/LICENSE.md

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Kathryn Materna
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: tectonic-utils
+Version: 0.1.2
+Summary: A small package of useful geophysics utilities
+Home-page: https://github.com/kmaterna/Tectonic_Utils
+License: MIT
+Author: Kathryn Materna
+Author-email: kmaterna@berkeley.edu
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Requires-Dist: netCDF4
+Requires-Dist: numpy (>=1.20,<2.0)
+Requires-Dist: scipy
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/kmaterna/Tectonic_Utils
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Tectonic Utils
+
+A simple library with utility functions for "everyday use" in active tectonics research. 
+There are geodesy and seismology utility functions in Python, 
+some originally from libraries in Matlab or other languages. 
+There are read-write functions to access commonly used formats. 
+Please explore and let me know if you'd like to contribute! 
+
+Functions in this library that I use regularly:
+* Haversine formula
+* Euler Pole rotations
+* Geographic to XYZ Earth-centered coordinates
+* InSAR look vectors (Fialko et al., 2001)
+* Fault vector operations (Aki and Richards, 1980)
+* Moment magnitude conversions (Hanks and Kanamori, 1979)
+* Earthquake magnitude scaling (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994)
+* Reading GMT multi-segment files into Python
+
+![cover](https://github.com/kmaterna/Tectonic_Utils/blob/master/Tectonic_Utils/cover_picture.png)
+
+## Dependencies
+* Python 3
+* numpy
+* scipy 
+* netCDF4 (pip install netCDF4)
+
+
+## Installation
+On Unix (other systems not tested yet), install from PyPI using: 
+
+```pip install Tectonic-Utils```
+
+To test that it works, import a utility in Python. I use an import structure like: 
+```
+$ python
+>>> from Tectonic_Utils.geodesy import haversine
+```
+
+## Documentation
+The preliminary sphinx html docs can be found here: https://kmaterna.github.io/Tectonic_Utils/index.html
+
+## Additional Thoughts
+I wrote this library for my own research because (**in theory**) 
+putting all my Python utility functions 
+into one unit-tested repository reduces bugs, increases code reproducibility, and allows for faster experimentation. 
+The library is open source and available on Pip in case it would help others too. 
+
+Disclaimer: Completely bug-free code can never be guaranteed. As things come up, I occasionally fix and update the package on Pip/PyPI.    
+
+If you're using this package and you'd like to contribute or you find bugs, please let me know!  
+
+## References
+
+* Aki, K., and P. G. Richards (1980), Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods, W. H. Freeman, New York.
+* Fialko, Y., Simons, M., & Agnew, D. (2001). The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(16), 3063–3066.
+* Hanks, T., & Kanamori, H. (1979). A moment magnitude scale. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84(B5), 2348–2350.
+* Wells, D. L., & Coppersmith, K. J. (1994). New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4), 974–1002. 
+

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/README.md

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+# Tectonic Utils
+
+A simple library with utility functions for "everyday use" in active tectonics research. 
+There are geodesy and seismology utility functions in Python, 
+some originally from libraries in Matlab or other languages. 
+There are read-write functions to access commonly used formats. 
+Please explore and let me know if you'd like to contribute! 
+
+Functions in this library that I use regularly:
+* Haversine formula
+* Euler Pole rotations
+* Geographic to XYZ Earth-centered coordinates
+* InSAR look vectors (Fialko et al., 2001)
+* Fault vector operations (Aki and Richards, 1980)
+* Moment magnitude conversions (Hanks and Kanamori, 1979)
+* Earthquake magnitude scaling (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994)
+* Reading GMT multi-segment files into Python
+
+![cover](https://github.com/kmaterna/Tectonic_Utils/blob/master/Tectonic_Utils/cover_picture.png)
+
+## Dependencies
+* Python 3
+* numpy
+* scipy 
+* netCDF4 (pip install netCDF4)
+
+
+## Installation
+On Unix (other systems not tested yet), install from PyPI using: 
+
+```pip install Tectonic-Utils```
+
+To test that it works, import a utility in Python. I use an import structure like: 
+```
+$ python
+>>> from Tectonic_Utils.geodesy import haversine
+```
+
+## Documentation
+The preliminary sphinx html docs can be found here: https://kmaterna.github.io/Tectonic_Utils/index.html
+
+## Additional Thoughts
+I wrote this library for my own research because (**in theory**) 
+putting all my Python utility functions 
+into one unit-tested repository reduces bugs, increases code reproducibility, and allows for faster experimentation. 
+The library is open source and available on Pip in case it would help others too. 
+
+Disclaimer: Completely bug-free code can never be guaranteed. As things come up, I occasionally fix and update the package on Pip/PyPI.    
+
+If you're using this package and you'd like to contribute or you find bugs, please let me know!  
+
+## References
+
+* Aki, K., and P. G. Richards (1980), Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods, W. H. Freeman, New York.
+* Fialko, Y., Simons, M., & Agnew, D. (2001). The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(16), 3063–3066.
+* Hanks, T., & Kanamori, H. (1979). A moment magnitude scale. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84(B5), 2348–2350.
+* Wells, D. L., & Coppersmith, K. J. (1994). New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4), 974–1002. 

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/pyproject.toml

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+[tool.poetry]
+name = "tectonic-utils"
+version = "0.1.2"
+description = "A small package of useful geophysics utilities"
+authors = ["Kathryn Materna <kmaterna@berkeley.edu>"]
+license = "MIT"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/kmaterna/Tectonic_Utils"
+classifiers = [
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = ">=3.7"
+numpy = "^1.20"
+scipy = "*"
+netCDF4 = "*"
+
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/tectonic_utils/__init__.py

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+from . import read_write
+from . import seismo
+from . import geodesy

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/tectonic_utils/geodesy/.ruff_cache/.gitignore

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+*

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/tectonic_utils/geodesy/.ruff_cache/CACHEDIR.TAG

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/tectonic_utils/geodesy/datums.py

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+"""
+Convert between local enu, local llh, and global xyz coordinates
+Translated from the Matlab toolkit of the Stanford lab.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+
+# Datum list --------------------------------------------------------------------
+data = {
+    'ABINDAN              ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -162,   -12,   206],
+    'AFGOOYE              ': [-1.080000e+002,  4.807955e-007,   -43,  -163,    45],
+    'AIN EL ABD 1970      ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -150,  -251,    -2],
+    'ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965    ': [-2.300000e+001, -8.120449e-008,  -491,   -22,   435],
+    'ARC 1950             ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -143,   -90,  -294],
+    'ARC 1960             ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -160,    -8,  -300],
+    'ASCENSION ISLAND 1958': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -207,   107,    52],
+    'ASTRO B4 SOROL ATOLL ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   114,  -116,  -333],
+    'ASTRO BEACON "E"     ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   145,    75,  -272],
+    'ASTRO DOS 71/4       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -320,   550,  -494],
+    'ASTRONOMIC STN 1952  ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   124,  -234,   -25],
+    'AUSTRALIAN GEOD 1966 ': [-2.300000e+001, -8.120449e-008,  -133,   -48,   148],
+    'AUSTRALIAN GEOD 1984 ': [-2.300000e+001, -8.120449e-008,  -134,   -48,   149],
+    'BD 72                ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -126,    80,  -101],
+    'BELLEVUE (IGN)       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -127,  -769,   472],
+    'BERMUDA 1957         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,   -73,   213,   296],
+    'BOGOTA OBSRVATRY     ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   307,   304,  -318],
+    'CAMPO INCHAUSPE      ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -148,   136,    90],
+    'CANTON ASTRO 1966    ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   298,  -304,  -375],
+    'CAPE                 ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -136,  -108,  -292],
+    'CAPE CANAVERAL       ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -2,   150,   181],
+    'CARTHAGE             ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -263,     6,   431],
+    'CH-1903              ': [07.398450e+002,  1.003748e-005,   674,    15,   405],
+    'CHATHAM 1971         ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   175,   -38,   113],
+    'CHUA ASTRO           ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -134,   229,   -29],
+    'CORREGO ALEGRE       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -206,   172,    -6],
+    'DJAKARTA (BATAVIA)   ': [07.398450e+002,  1.003748e-005,  -377,   681,   -50],
+    'DOS 1968             ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   230,  -199,  -752],
+    'EASTER ISLAND 1967   ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   211,   147,   111],
+    'EUROPEAN 1950        ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   -87,   -98,  -121],
+    'EUROPEAN 1979        ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   -86,   -98,  -119],
+    'FINLAND HAYFORD      ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   -78,  -231,   -97],
+    'GANDAJIKA BASE       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -133,  -321,    50],
+    'GEODETIC DATUM 1949  ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,    84,   -22,   209],
+    'GUAM 1963            ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,  -100,  -248,   259],
+    'GUX 1 ASTRO          ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   252,  -209,  -751],
+    'HJORSEY 1955         ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   -73,    46,   -86],
+    'HONG KONG 1963       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -156,  -271,  -189],
+    'HU-TZU-SHAN          ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -637,  -549,  -203],
+    'INDIAN BANGLADESH    ': [08.606550e+002,  2.836137e-005,   289,   734,   257],
+    'INDIAN THAILAND      ': [08.606550e+002,  2.836137e-005,   214,   836,   303],
+    'IRELAND 1965         ': [07.968110e+002,  1.196002e-005,   506,  -122,   611],
+    'ISRAEL               ': [-1.637890e+002, -5.473908e-005,  -235,   -85,   264],
+    'ISTS 073 ASTRO 1969  ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   208,  -435,  -229],
+    'JOHNSTON ISLAND      ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   191,   -77,  -204],
+    'KANDAWALA            ': [08.606550e+002,  2.836137e-005,   -97,   787,    86],
+    'KERGUELEN ISLAND     ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   145,  -187,   103],
+    'KERTAU 1948          ': [08.329370e+002,  2.836137e-005,   -11,   851,     5],
+    'L.C. 5 ASTRO         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    42,   124,   147],
+    'LIBERIA 1964         ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,   -90,    40,    88],
+    'LUZON MINDANAO       ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,  -133,   -79,   -72],
+    'LUZON PHILIPPINES    ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,  -133,   -77,   -51],
+    'MAHE 1971            ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,    41,  -220,  -134],
+    'MARCO ASTRO          ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -289,  -124,    60],
+    'MASSAWA              ': [07.398450e+002,  1.003748e-005,   639,   405,    60],
+    'MERCHICH             ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,    31,   146,    47],
+    'MICHELIN             ': [01.614000e+003,  1.127918e-004,  1118,    23,    66],
+    'MIDWAY ASTRO 1961    ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   912,   -58,  1227],
+    'MINNA                ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,   -92,   -93,   122],
+    'NAD27 ALASKA         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -5,   135,   172],
+    'NAD27 BAHAMAS        ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -4,   154,   178],
+    'NAD27 CANADA         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,   -10,   158,   187],
+    'NAD27 CANAL ZONE     ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,     0,   125,   201],
+    'NAD27 CARIBBEAN      ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -7,   152,   178],
+    'NAD27 CENTRAL        ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,     0,   125,   194],
+    'NAD27 CONUS          ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -8,   160,   176],
+    'NAD27 CUBA           ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    -9,   152,   178],
+    'NAD27 GREENLAND      ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    11,   114,   195],
+    'NAD27 MEXICO         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,   -12,   130,   190],
+    'NAD27 SAN SALVADOR   ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,     1,   140,   165],
+    'NAD83                ': [00.000000e+000, -1.643484e-011,     0,     0,     0],
+    'NAHRWN MASIRAH ILND  ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -247,  -148,   369],
+    'NAHRWN SAUDI ARABIA  ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.575071e-005,  -231,  -196,   482],
+    'NAHRWN UNITED ARAB   ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -249,  -156,   381],
+    'NAPARIMA BWI         ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,    -2,   374,   172],
+    'NETHERLANDS          ': [07.400000e+002,  1.003748e-005,   593,    26,   478],
+    'OBSERVATORIO 1966    ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -425,  -169,    81],
+    'OLD EGYPTIAN         ': [-6.300000e+001,  4.807955e-007,  -130,   110,   -13],
+    'OLD HAWAIIAN         ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    61,  -285,  -181],
+    'OMAN                 ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,  -346,    -1,   224],
+    'ORD SRVY GRT BRITN   ': [05.736040e+002,  1.196002e-005,   375,  -111,   431],
+    'PICO DE LAS NIEVES   ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -307,   -92,   127],
+    'PITCAIRN ASTRO 1967  ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   185,   165,    42],
+    'POTSDAM              ': [07.398000e+002,  1.003748e-005,   587,    16,   393],
+    'PROV SO AMRICN 1956  ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -288,   175,  -376],
+    'PROV SO CHILEAN 1963 ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,    16,   196,    93],
+    'PUERTO RICO          ': [-6.940000e+001, -3.726464e-005,    11,    72,  -101],
+    'QATAR NATIONAL       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -128,  -283,    22],
+    'QORNOQ               ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   164,   138,  -189],
+    'REUNION              ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,    94,  -948, -1262],
+    'ROME 1940            ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -225,   -65,     9],
+    'RT 90                ': [07.398450e+002,  1.003748e-005,   498,   -36,   568],
+    'S-42                 ': [-1.080000e+002,  4.807600e-007,    23,  -124,   -84],
+    'SANTO (DOS)          ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   170,    42,    84],
+    'SAO BRAZ             ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -203,   141,    53],
+    'SAPPER HILL 1943     ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -355,    16,    74],
+    'SCHWARZECK           ': [06.531350e+002,  1.003748e-005,   616,    97,  -251],
+    'SOUTH AMERICAN 1969  ': [-2.300000e+001, -8.120449e-008,   -57,     1,   -41],
+    'SOUTH ASIA           ': [-1.800000e+001,  4.807955e-007,     7,   -10,   -26],
+    'SOUTHEAST BASE       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -499,  -249,   314],
+    'SOUTHWEST BASE       ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -104,   167,   -38],
+    'TIMBALAI 1948        ': [08.606550e+002,  2.836137e-005,  -689,   691,   -46],
+    'TOKYO                ': [07.398450e+002,  1.003748e-005,  -128,   481,   664],
+    'TRISTAN ASTRO 1968   ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -632,   438,  -609],
+    'VITI LEVU 1916       ': [-1.121450e+002, -5.475071e-005,    51,   391,   -36],
+    'WAKE-ENIWETOK 1960   ': [-1.330000e+002, -1.419270e-005,   101,    52,   -39],
+    'WGS 72               ': [02.000000e+000,  3.121058e-008,     0,     0,     5],
+    'WGS 84               ': [00.000000e+000,  0.000000e+000,     0,     0,     0],
+    'ZANDERIJ             ': [-2.510000e+002, -1.419270e-005,  -265,   120,  -358]
+}
+
+
+def get_datums(names=None):
+    """
+    Returns da, df, dX, dY, dZ given a specific datum.
+    DATUMVALUE=data(DATUMNAMES) returns the datum parameters for datum specified by string array DATUMNAMES.
+    These parameters are defined as differences to the WGS-84 ellipsoid:
+    * da = WGS-84 equatorial radius minus the specified datum equatorial radius (meters)
+    * df = WGS-84 flattening minus the specified datum flattening
+    * dX = X-coordinate of WGS-84 geocenter minus the specified datum X-coordinate (meters)
+    * dY = Y-coordinate of WGS-84 geocenter minus the specified datum Y-coordinate (meters)
+    * dZ = Z-coordinate of WGS-84 geocenter minus the specified datum Z-coordinate (meters)
+
+    For reference:
+    * WGS-84 Equatorial Radius (a) = 6378137.0
+    * WGS-84 Flattening (f) = 1/298.257223563
+
+    Calling the function without input arguments returns a list of available datums.
+    Unmatched datums return NaNs.
+
+    :param names: string
+    :type names: string
+    :returns: 5 floats representing the chosen datum relative to WGS-84
+    :rtype: array
+    """
+
+    if not names:    # Return list of available datums if called with no input arguments.
+        return data.keys()
+    # Read the database. Match requested datums with those available.
+    all_keys = data.keys()            # collect keys
+    value = np.zeros((1, 5))   # initialize return vaule
+    modified_name = "{:<21}".format(names.upper())
+    if modified_name in all_keys:
+        value[0, :] = data[modified_name]
+    else:
+        value[0, :] = [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]
+    return value

tectonic_utils-0.1.2/tectonic_utils/geodesy/euler_pole.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+Functions to rotate a point by a known Euler pole.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+from . import fault_vector_functions, utilities
+
+
+def point_rotation_by_Euler_Pole(Point, Euler_Pole):
+    """
+    Compute the velocity of rotation of a point about an Euler pole on a spherical earth.
+    This function is useful for computing the velocity of a stationary point in one reference frame
+    with respect to another reference frame.
+    The resulting velocity is assumed to be horizontal.
+
+    :param Point: [longitude, latitude] of observation point, in degrees
+    :type Point: array_like
+    :param Euler_Pole: [longitude, latitude, omega] of Euler Pole, in degrees and degrees/Ma
+    :type Euler_Pole: array_like
+    :returns: [e_velocity, n_velocity, u_velocity] of point in rotated reference frame, in mm/yr
+    :rtype: [float, float, float]
+    """
+    R_point = get_r(Point[0], Point[1])
+    R_ep = get_r(Euler_Pole[0], Euler_Pole[1])
+    unit_ep = fault_vector_functions.get_unit_vector(R_ep)
+    omega_raw = degma2radyr(Euler_Pole[2])
+    omega = omega_raw * unit_ep  # in radians per year
+
+    velocity_of_transformation = np.cross(omega, R_point)  # velocity at the station from the euler pole rotation
+    velocity_of_transformation = velocity_of_transformation * 1000  # mm/yr in x, y, z
+
+    xvel = velocity_of_transformation[0]
+    yvel = velocity_of_transformation[1]
+    zvel = velocity_of_transformation[2]
+    [east_transform, north_transform] = xyz2en(xvel, yvel, zvel, Point[0])
+    up_transform = 0  # by definition the velocity will be horizontal
+
+    return [east_transform, north_transform, up_transform]
+
+
+def degma2radyr(omega):
+    """
+    Convert omega from degrees/Ma to radians/yr.
+
+    :param omega: rotation rate in degrees per million years
+    :type omega: float
+    :returns: rotation rate in radians per year
+    :rtype: float
+    """
+    radyr = omega * (np.pi / 180) * 1e-6
+    return radyr
+
+
+def get_r(lon, lat):
+    """
+    Vector from center of earth to the point in question assuming a spherical earth.
+    The XYZ coordinate system has x=0 at longitude=0 and z=0 at the equator with positive to the north.
+
+    :param lon: Longitude of initial point, in degrees
+    :type lon: float
+    :param lat: Latitude of initial point, in degrees
+    :type lat: float
+    :returns: [X, Y, Z] coordinates in meters.
+    :rtype: [float, float, float]
+    """
+    R_fixed = 6378000  # In meters
+    R_equatorial_disk = R_fixed * np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat))
+    T_equatorial_disk = np.deg2rad(lon)
+    X = R_equatorial_disk * np.cos(T_equatorial_disk)
+    Y = R_equatorial_disk * np.sin(T_equatorial_disk)
+    Z = np.sqrt(R_fixed * R_fixed - X * X - Y * Y)
+    if lat < 0:
+        Z = Z * -1
+    return [X, Y, Z]
+
+
+def euler_vector_to_euler_pole(euler_vector):
+    """
+    Convert a three-component vector representing an Euler Pole into a lon/lat/rate representation of the Euler Pole.
+
+    :param euler_vector: [ev_x, ev_y, ev_z] in deg/ma, where longitude 0 is along the positive east axis
+    :type euler_vector: array_like
+    :returns: lon, lat, rate
+    :rtype: float, float, float
+    """
+    lon = np.rad2deg(np.arctan2(euler_vector[1], euler_vector[0]))
+    horiz_mag = fault_vector_functions.get_vector_magnitude([euler_vector[0], euler_vector[1], 0])
+    lat = np.rad2deg(np.arctan(np.abs(euler_vector[2])/horiz_mag))
+    if euler_vector[2] < 0:  # if negative z-coordinate, it should be in the southern hemisphere.
+        lat = -lat
+    magnitude = fault_vector_functions.get_vector_magnitude(euler_vector)
+    return lon, lat, magnitude
+
+
+def euler_pole_to_euler_vector(euler_pole):
+    """
+    Convert a lon/lat/rate representing an Euler Pole into a vector representation of the Euler Pole.
+
+    :param euler_pole: [lon, lat, rate]
+    :type euler_pole: array_like
+    :returns: ev_x, ev_y, ev_z in same units as `rate`, where longitude 0 is along the positive east axis.
+    :rtype: float, float, float
+    """
+    direction_vector = get_r(euler_pole[0], euler_pole[1])
+    unit_vector = fault_vector_functions.get_unit_vector(direction_vector)
+    scaled_vector = np.multiply(unit_vector, euler_pole[2])
+    return scaled_vector[0], scaled_vector[1], scaled_vector[2]
+
+
+def get_opposite_ep(euler_pole):
+    """
+    Get opposite pole on other side of the Earth.
+
+    :param euler_pole: [lon, lat, rate]
+    :type euler_pole: array_like
+    :returns: opposite euler pole, -180 <= lon <= 180
+    :rtype: [float, float, float]
+    """
+    return [utilities.wrap_lon(euler_pole[0]+180), -euler_pole[1], -euler_pole[2]]
+
+
+def get_unit_east(lon):
+    """
+    Unit east vector from a point on earth's surface in XYZ coordinates.
+    The XYZ coordinate system has x=0 at longitude=0 and z=0 at the equator with positive to the north.
+    The return value of Z is zero for eastward motion.
+
+    :param lon: Longitude of initial point, in degrees
+    :type lon: float
+    :returns: [X, Y, Z] components
+    :rtype: [float, float, float]
+    """
+    T_equatorial_disk = np.deg2rad(lon)
+    x = -np.sin(T_equatorial_disk)
+    y = np.cos(T_equatorial_disk)
+    return [x, y, 0]
+
+
+def xyz2en(x, y, z, lon):
+    """
+    Convert velocities from xyz to horizontal east and north, assuming spherical earth and no vertical motion.
+    We take the dot product of the velocity with the unit east vector and the north component is the remainder.
+    A more complex function xyz2enu(X, Y, Z, lon, lat) could be written later.
+
+    :param x: x velocity at observation point
+    :type x: float
+    :param y: y velocity at observation point
+    :type y: float
+    :param z: z velocity at observation point
+    :type z: float
+    :param lon: Longitude of observation point, in degrees
+    :type lon: float
+    :returns: [east_vel, north_vel]
+    :rtype: [float, float]
+    """
+    vel_vector = [x, y, z]
+    unit_east = get_unit_east(lon)
+    e = np.dot(vel_vector, unit_east)
+    n = np.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z - e * e)
+    if z < 0:
+        n = n * -1
+    return [e, n]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    Euler_Pole = [69.9, -12.3, 0.55]  # Lon, Lat, Deg/Ma
+    Point = [-124, 40.5]  # Lon, Lat
+    [east_transform, north_transform, up_transform] = point_rotation_by_Euler_Pole(Point, Euler_Pole)
+    total = np.sqrt(east_transform * east_transform + north_transform * north_transform)
+    print("%.2f east, %.2f north, %.2f up, %.2f mm/yr total" % (east_transform, north_transform, up_transform, total))