streamcast 0.1.0__tar.gz

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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
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+ streamcast
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+ Copyright 2026 nhobin219
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+
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+ This product includes software developed by nhobin219.
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+ Metadata-Version: 2.4
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+ Name: streamcast
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+ Version: 0.1.0
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+ Summary: A replayable WebSocket multicaster. One stream in, logged to an Iceberg table, broadcast to many.
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+ Keywords: websocket,multicast,broadcast,tickerplant,market-data
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+ Author: Nico Bautista Hobin
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+ Author-email: Nico Bautista Hobin <nico@penca.io>
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+ License-Expression: Apache-2.0
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+ License-File: LICENSE
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+ License-File: NOTICE
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+ Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
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+ Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
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+ Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
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+ Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
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+ Classifier: Typing :: Typed
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+ Requires-Dist: websockets>=14
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+ Requires-Dist: litelink>=0.4.0
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+ Requires-Dist: msgspec>=0.18
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+ Requires-Python: >=3.11, <3.14
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+ Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/nhobin219/streamcast
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+ Project-URL: Specification, https://github.com/nhobin219/streamcast/blob/main/docs/SPEC.md
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+ Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
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+
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+ # streamcast
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+
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+ A replayable WebSocket multicaster. One upstream stream in, appended to a
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+ [litelink](https://github.com/nhobin219/litelink) log — an Iceberg table on disk — and
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+ broadcast to any number of downstream subscribers. Each message carries the offset it was
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+ written at, so a subscriber that stops can reconnect and ask for the rest.
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+
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+ [![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache%20v2-blue)](LICENSE)
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+ [![Python](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.11%20%7C%203.12%20%7C%203.13-blue)](pyproject.toml)
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+
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+ ```
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+ upstream ws feed
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+ │ one connection
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+ ▼
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+ streamcast server ──► litelink log durable BEFORE any subscriber sees it
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+ │ fan-out
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+ ├──► strategy offset 1861
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+ ├──► dashboard offset 1861
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+ └──► recorder offset 1861
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+ ```
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+
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+ Every subscriber receives the same bytes in the same order, from one `encode` call.
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+ The API is `websockets` with two deliberate differences, listed below.
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+
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+ A streamcast server is a Python WebSocket
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+ [tickerplant](https://code.kx.com/q/architecture/): a process that captures a feed,
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+ optionally writes it to a log, and publishes it to registered subscribers.
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+
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+ **Status: early.** 0.1.0 is the first release. Read [what it is not](#what-it-is-not)
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+ and [not implemented yet](#not-implemented-yet) first.
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+
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+ ## Install
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ uv add streamcast
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## API
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+
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+ **It is the `websockets` API.** `serve` and `connect` have the same shapes and pass every
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+ keyword through, so `ssl`, `ping_interval`, `process_request`, `max_queue` and the rest
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+ behave exactly as they do there, and `serve` returns an object that proxies
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+ `websockets.Server` — `sockets`, `serve_forever`, `connections`, `is_serving`. If you know
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+ `websockets`, you know this.
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+
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+ ```python
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+ streamcast.Stream(name="", *, log=None, owns_log=False,
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+ max_backlog=8192, max_replay=100_000)
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+ streamcast.Stream.new(name="", *, root, schema, sort_by=None, config=None,
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+ archive=None, s3=None, replay_archive=False,
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+ max_backlog=8192, max_replay=100_000) # None = no bound
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+ await stream.send(row) -> int | None # durable, then fan out
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+ await stream.send_many(rows) -> list # ONE fsync for the group
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+ stream.end_offset · stream.subscribers · stream.durable · stream.schema
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+
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+ streamcast.serve(streams, host, port, *, maintain=True, replicate=True, ...) -> Server
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+ streamcast.connect(uri, *, offset=<unset>, cursor=None, cursor_uri=None,
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+ catch_up=False, ...) -> Subscription
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+ streamcast.to_arrow · streamcast.from_arrow · streamcast.Cursor · streamcast.EARLIEST
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+ ```
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+
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+ Three deliberate exceptions:
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+
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+ - **Iterating yields `(offset, msg)`**, not `message`. The offset is what makes a reconnect
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+ a resume rather than a restart, and a subscriber that has to ask for it separately will
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+ forget to.
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+ - **A subscription is read-only.** It has no `send`, rather than a `send` that raises.
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+ Publishing is `Stream.send`, in the server's own process.
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+ - **`compression` defaults to `None`**, where `websockets` defaults to `"deflate"`.
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+ Not a LAN-versus-WAN judgement: permessage-deflate is **per connection** while the
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+ encode is shared. `send` encodes a frame once and hands the same bytes to every
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+ subscriber; deflate then compresses those identical bytes once per subscriber.
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+ *Measured* on a six-column trade row — encode 0.564 µs once, deflate 3.454 µs each,
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+ so CPU per message is 4 µs at one subscriber and 691 µs at 200. At 50 subscribers and
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+ 30,000 msg/s that is 1.5M compressions/s against roughly 290k a core can do, and the
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+ symptom is subscribers hitting `max_backlog` and being dropped.
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+
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+ It compresses well when you want it — **5.8× smaller**, 112 bytes to 19, or 26.9 down
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+ to 4.6 Mbit/s per subscriber at 30,000 msg/s. Pass `compression="deflate"` when
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+ bandwidth costs more than CPU, which is a WAN with few subscribers. There is no middle
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+ setting: without context takeover the same frames compress 1.1×, so "compress once and
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+ share" is not available.
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+
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+ Routing is by `Stream.name`: `trades` is served at `/trades`, an unnamed stream at `/`.
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+ `serve([trades, quotes])` serves both on one port.
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+
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+ Full reference in [`docs/API.md`](docs/API.md).
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+
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+ ## The wire
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+
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+ Every frame is JSON text: a greeting, then an `[offset, msg]` pair per message.
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+
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+ ```
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+ {"streamcast":1,"stream":"trades","end_offset":1861,"replay":[1200,1861],"durable":true}
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+ [1861,{"event_ts":1790038800123456,"price":85565.0,"amount":0.015,"side":0}]
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+ ```
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+
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+ The offset is positional, so `const [offset, msg] = JSON.parse(frame)` is a client in
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+ another language and `wscat ws://localhost:8765/trades?offset=0` is a working subscriber
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+ with none at all. Key order comes from the log's schema, so a replayed message is
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+ byte-identical to the live one it repeats.
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+
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+ Encoding is [msgspec](https://github.com/jcrist/msgspec): 0.285 µs for a six-column row
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+ against 5.815 µs for stdlib `json`.
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+
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+ `offset` is `null` on a stream with no log — nothing assigned one, and a per-process
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+ counter would look like a resume cursor until the server restarted.
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+
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+ ## Server
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+
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+ The schema is yours, declared in JSON Schema. `streamcast` is the only import a durable
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+ stream needs.
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import asyncio, json, streamcast, websockets
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+
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+ SCHEMA = {
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+ "type": "object",
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+ "properties": {
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+ "event_ts": {"type": "integer"},
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+ "price": {"type": "number"},
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+ "amount": {"type": "number"},
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+ "side": {"type": "integer", "format": "int32"},
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+ },
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+ "required": ["event_ts", "price", "amount", "side"],
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+ }
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+
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+ async def main():
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+ # Creates the log at data/trades, or opens it if it is already there.
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+ stream = streamcast.Stream.new("trades", root="data", schema=SCHEMA,
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+ sort_by=("event_ts",))
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+
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+ # Fan-out, sealing, compaction and WAL shipping: one call.
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+ async with streamcast.serve(stream, "localhost", 8765):
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+ async with websockets.connect("wss://ws.bitstamp.net") as feed:
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+ await feed.send(SUBSCRIBE)
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+ async for message in feed:
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+ trade = json.loads(message)["data"]
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+ await stream.send({ # a row, durable, then fanned out
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+ "event_ts": int(trade["microtimestamp"]),
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+ "price": float(trade["price"]),
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+ "amount": float(trade["amount"]),
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+ "side": int(trade["type"]),
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+ })
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+
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+ asyncio.run(main())
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+ ```
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+
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+ `serve` starts everything the stream needs: a maintainer subprocess per stream with a log,
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+ and litestream if the log has `wal_replication` on. Both are opt-out (`maintain=False`,
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+ `replicate=False`). Without a maintainer nothing ever seals — litelink is explicit that
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+ *"a maintainer is not optional"*.
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+
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+ `Stream.new` creates or opens the log; `Stream(log=handle)` takes one you opened yourself
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+ and does no I/O. `streamcast.to_arrow(SCHEMA)` is the `pa.schema` if you want it.
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+
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+ What it captures is a table, queryable without streamcast:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ log.sql("SELECT count(*), max(price), sum(amount) FROM log").read_all()
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+ log.scan(columns=["litelink_offset", "price"], where="side = 1") # prunes on statistics
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Surviving a feed that changes
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+
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+ `send` validates the row against the schema, so a feed that changes shape breaks capture —
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+ a missing field, an unexpected type or a new key all raise, and that message is lost:
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+
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+ ```
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+ ValueError: row leaves non-nullable columns NULL: ['price']
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+ ValueError: row names columns this log does not have: ['surprise']
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+ ```
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+
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+ If keeping every message matters more than strictness, declare the columns nullable, add
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+ one for the raw message, and parse best-effort:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ SCHEMA = {
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+ "type": "object",
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+ "properties": {
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+ "event_ts": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
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+ "price": {"type": ["number", "null"]},
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+ "raw": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
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+ },
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+ "required": ["event_ts", "price", "raw"],
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+ }
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+
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+ def number(value): # whatever the feed sent, or nothing
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+ try:
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+ return float(value)
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+ except (TypeError, ValueError):
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+ return None
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+
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+ def row(message: str) -> dict:
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+ """Best effort: take what parses, keep the whole message either way."""
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+ try:
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+ data = json.loads(message)["data"]
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+ except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
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+ data = {}
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+
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+ return {
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+ "event_ts": number(data.get("microtimestamp")),
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+ "price": number(data.get("price")),
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+ "raw": message,
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+ }
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+
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+ await stream.send(row(message))
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+ ```
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+
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+ The row and its source land in **one append**, so a message is never captured without the
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+ bytes it came from, and whatever the parse missed can be backfilled from the log later.
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+ Run against a feed that drops a field, sends a non-trade event, and then sends invalid
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+ JSON, all four rows are captured with the typed columns null and `raw` intact.
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+
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+ `required` still names every column, because in JSON Schema `required` is about the key
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+ being present and `["number", "null"]` is what makes the value nullable — see
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+ [`docs/API.md`](docs/API.md). Every column is nullable here precisely because best-effort
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+ extraction means any of them can be missing.
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+
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+ Two costs, both real. A raw string column roughly doubles the log and compresses worse than
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+ typed columns, which is [`SPEC.md`](docs/SPEC.md) §5's argument running the other way — this
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+ is a deliberate trade, not a default. And subscribers receive the column too, since the wire
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+ carries every declared column.
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+
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+ streamcast does not do the extraction for you. Feeds nest their payloads differently — the
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+ example above reaches through `["data"]` — so a general extractor needs per-field paths, at
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+ which point it is a feed-handler layer rather than a flag. It belongs in your feed handler,
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+ where it already knows the feed.
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+
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+ ### Serving the whole history
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+
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+ `replay_archive=True` with `max_replay=None` makes the server a complete gateway to the
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+ log: no subscribe is refused for reaching too far back, and the server reads the archive on
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+ the subscriber's behalf.
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+
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+ ```python
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+ stream = streamcast.Stream.new("trades", root="data", schema=SCHEMA,
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+ archive="s3://bucket/prefix",
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+ replay_archive=True, max_replay=None)
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+ ```
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+
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+ Every frame is still JSON over a plain WebSocket, so **a client in any language replays the
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+ entire stream from offset 1** — no litelink, no Iceberg reader, no object-storage
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+ credentials, nothing from this repo. `catch_up` exists because the default is the opposite;
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+ this is the setting that makes it unnecessary.
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+
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+ It is not the default because of `max_backlog`. A replay is served before the live queue,
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+ which fills behind it, so a subscriber reading ten million rows out of S3 accumulates live
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+ messages for as long as that takes and is dropped the moment it catches up if it passed the
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+ backlog on the way. Size the two together, or run it on a stream quiet enough that the
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+ arithmetic does not bite. Each replay also holds a worker from the `to_thread` pool
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+ (`min(32, cpu + 4)`) for its whole scan.
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+
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+ ### Backpressure
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+
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+ `Stream.send` never awaits a consumer: it encodes the frame once and does one non-blocking
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+ queue insert per subscriber. A consumer that stops reading fills its own queue, hits
281
+ `max_backlog`, and is **dropped**:
282
+
283
+ ```
284
+ streamcast.TooSlow: the server dropped this subscriber for falling more than
285
+ 8192 messages behind; resume at offset 20481
286
+ ```
287
+
288
+ Dropping rather than buffering bounds the server's memory. Dropping rather than evicting
289
+ the oldest keeps what the subscriber received a contiguous prefix, so on a durable stream
290
+ the drop costs a reconnect and nothing else.
291
+
292
+ ## Client
293
+
294
+ ```python
295
+ async with streamcast.connect("ws://localhost:8765/trades") as stream:
296
+ async for offset, msg in stream:
297
+ print(offset, msg["price"], msg["amount"])
298
+ ```
299
+
300
+ `msg` is exactly the row that was published — no offset key, nothing injected — so it can
301
+ be logged, forwarded, or appended to another stream whole. The parse happens once, at the
302
+ publisher.
303
+
304
+ ### Resuming
305
+
306
+ The server records its frontier when a subscriber attaches, replays `[requested, frontier)`
307
+ from the log, then switches it to the live queue. Everything below the frontier is already
308
+ durable; everything above is already in the subscriber's queue. The two partition the
309
+ stream exactly — no gap, no duplicate.
310
+
311
+ ```python
312
+ async with streamcast.connect(uri, cursor=".trades.offset") as stream:
313
+ async for offset, msg in stream:
314
+ handle(msg)
315
+ ```
316
+
317
+ | keyword | what it does |
318
+ |---|---|
319
+ | `offset=N` | resume from `N` inclusive; `streamcast.EARLIEST` for everything the log holds |
320
+ | `cursor=path` | keep the resume point on disk — loaded at connect, saved as the loop runs |
321
+ | `cursor_uri=s3://…` | ship that cursor to object storage, so another box can resume |
322
+ | `catch_up=True` | read the gap from the archive when the server will not replay that far |
323
+
324
+ The cursor advances when you ask for the *next* message, and is not saved if the block
325
+ exits with an exception — so a crash re-delivers rather than skips. `sub.commit()` forces
326
+ it for a consumer that batches.
327
+
328
+ `catch_up` reads the archive with **nothing connected**, then opens the socket where the
329
+ archive ended, looping if the server moved on. Holding a socket through a long catch-up
330
+ would get the subscriber dropped for falling behind.
331
+
332
+ An offset the server cannot serve is refused, never silently rounded:
333
+
334
+ ```
335
+ NotReplayable: offset 100 is below 5000, the earliest offset this stream's log
336
+ still serves. Reconnect with catch_up=True to read the rows between from the
337
+ archive if it still holds them — it will say so if it does not — or with
338
+ offset=streamcast.EARLIEST to take what is left and accept the gap.
339
+ ```
340
+
341
+ Five `why` values — `not_durable`, `empty`, `ahead`, `too_old`, `evicted` — because the
342
+ caller's next move differs for each.
343
+
344
+ ## Chaining
345
+
346
+ Each stage is a server, so a pipeline is servers end to end and every hop is independently
347
+ resumable:
348
+
349
+ ```
350
+ market feed ─► streamcast ─► live runner ─► streamcast ─► dashboard
351
+ │ │
352
+ litelink litelink
353
+ ```
354
+
355
+ Offsets are per server and are not translated between hops.
356
+
357
+ ## What it is not
358
+
359
+ - **Not a message broker.** No fan-in: nothing publishes into a stream over the wire. No
360
+ topics beyond a name, no consumer groups, no acknowledgements. A subscriber needing
361
+ at-least-once with acks wants a queue.
362
+ - **Not tuned for high fan-out across a WAN.** `compression` defaults off because deflate
363
+ costs CPU per subscriber while the encode is shared — see the API section for the
364
+ numbers. Turn it on for few subscribers over a WAN; it is the wrong trade at fan-out.
365
+ - **Not a query interface.** `catch_up` covers resuming from further back than
366
+ `max_replay`; querying history is litelink directly, or any Iceberg engine.
367
+ - **Not a place for frames that are not rows.** A typed log has nowhere to put a
368
+ subscription ack or a heartbeat; the feed handler drops them.
369
+
370
+ ## Not implemented yet
371
+
372
+ **Remote publishers.** `Stream.send` runs in the server's process; a client cannot publish
373
+ into a stream. **Registered intent** — one designated publisher and many read-only nodes —
374
+ is designed and unbuilt. **Arrow IPC as a negotiated wire format** would make a bulk
375
+ replay 492x cheaper to encode and 2.4x smaller, at the cost of the `wscat` affordance.
376
+ See [`docs/SPEC.md`](docs/SPEC.md) §9.
377
+
378
+ ## Documentation
379
+
380
+ - [`docs/API.md`](docs/API.md) — every public call, on one page
381
+ - [`docs/SPEC.md`](docs/SPEC.md) — the design, the protocol, and the invariants
382
+ - [`examples/`](examples/) — a live public feed through a server, and a resuming consumer
383
+ - [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md) — setup, the gates, and what a good PR looks like
384
+
385
+ ## Development
386
+
387
+ ```bash
388
+ just bootstrap # uv sync + git hooks
389
+ just check # lint + format-check + typecheck + tests
390
+ just --list # the rest
391
+ ```
392
+
393
+ Most of the suite needs no network, container or credentials. The replication and
394
+ catch-up tiers do: `just rustfs` starts a local S3 endpoint and `just check-all` runs
395
+ every gate against it. Without one those tests skip, and a skip is not a pass.
396
+
397
+ ## License
398
+
399
+ Apache License 2.0 — see [LICENSE](LICENSE) and [NOTICE](NOTICE).