somestuff-dhcpstuff 0.1.1__tar.gz

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
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+

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+GNU Lesser General Public License
+=================================
+
+_Version 3, 29 June 2007_  
+_Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. &lt;<http://fsf.org/>&gt;_
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+### 0. Additional Definitions
+
+As used herein, “this License” refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and the “GNU GPL” refers to version 3 of the GNU
+General Public License.
+
+“The Library” refers to a covered work governed by this License,
+other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+An “Application” is any work that makes use of an interface provided
+by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
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+and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
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+### 1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL
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+### 2. Conveying Modified Versions
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+### 3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files
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somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.5
+Name: somestuff-dhcpstuff
+Version: 0.1.1
+Summary: DHCP Discover sender and response analyzer, including Proxy DHCP / PXE boot server responses (stdlib only)
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff/issues
+Author-email: Henning Thieß <ht@xomox.cc>
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Keywords: dhcp,discover,network-diagnostics,proxy-dhcp,pxe
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v3 (LGPLv3)
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Boot
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.13
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# dhcpstuff
+
+DHCP Discover sender and response analyzer for network diagnostics: broadcasts a
+DHCPDISCOVER and prints every answer, including regular DHCP offers and Proxy DHCP
+responses from PXE boot servers. Standard library only.
+
+## Modules
+
+- **`dhcp_discover.py`** — builds a DHCPDISCOVER packet, broadcasts it to
+  `255.255.255.255:67` from UDP port 68 and collects replies for the given timeout.
+  Only replies matching the transaction ID are shown. Each response is labelled
+  `DHCP <type>` or, if the offered address (`yiaddr`) is `0.0.0.0`, `Proxy DHCP <type>`,
+  followed by offered IP, next server, server name, boot file and all parsed options
+  with human-readable names. With `--arch` the Discover carries PXE client
+  architecture (option 93) and a matching `PXEClient` vendor class (option 60),
+  which Proxy DHCP / PXE boot servers require before they answer.
+- **`__main__.py`** — makes `python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff` run the same CLI.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install somestuff-dhcpstuff
+```
+
+`somestuff` is a PEP 420 namespace; the package is imported as
+`somestuff.dhcpstuff` and shares the namespace with the other `somestuff-*`
+distributions.
+
+## Usage
+
+Console script and module invocation are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+sudo dhcp-discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff
+```
+
+| Flag                | Description                                                            |
+|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `-i`, `--interface` | Bind to a specific interface (e.g. `eth0`)                             |
+| `-t`, `--timeout`   | Seconds to wait for responses (default: 5)                             |
+| `-m`, `--mac`       | MAC address to use (default: random locally-administered MAC)          |
+| `-a`, `--arch`      | PXE client architecture for option 93: `bios`, `efi64` or `efi64-http` |
+
+Examples:
+
+```bash
+# Basic discover on all interfaces
+sudo dhcp-discover
+
+# Specific interface, PXE EFI64 architecture
+sudo dhcp-discover -i eth0 -a efi64
+
+# Custom MAC and longer timeout
+sudo dhcp-discover -m 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -t 10
+```
+
+### Library
+
+```python
+from somestuff.dhcpstuff import build_discover, mac_bytes, parse_response
+
+packet = build_discover(mac_bytes("02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee"), xid=0x12345678)
+```
+
+The package also exports `parse_options`, `print_response`, `format_option`,
+`fmt_ip`, `fmt_mac`, `main` and the constants `DHCP_SERVER_PORT`,
+`DHCP_CLIENT_PORT`, `MAGIC_COOKIE`, `DHCP_MSG_TYPES`, `DHCP_OPTIONS` and
+`PXE_ARCH_TYPES`.
+
+## Privileges
+
+`dhcp-discover` binds UDP port 68 and needs root (or `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`). It
+will not work while another DHCP client holds the port exclusively.
+
+## Notes
+
+- The repository additionally contains `diagnose-dhcp.sh`, a root-only (German)
+  shell script for finding unwanted DHCP on physical interfaces of Ubuntu Server
+  (cloud-init, Netplan, systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, DHCP client processes,
+  lease files, `ip=dhcp` kernel cmdline, udev/dispatcher hooks). It is not part
+  of the installed package:
+  https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff/tree/main/somestuff/dhcpstuff/
+- Requires: no third-party dependencies. Linux only (`SO_BINDTODEVICE`).
+- Licensed under the LGPL, see `LICENSE.md` in the repository root.

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/README.md

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+# dhcpstuff
+
+DHCP Discover sender and response analyzer for network diagnostics: broadcasts a
+DHCPDISCOVER and prints every answer, including regular DHCP offers and Proxy DHCP
+responses from PXE boot servers. Standard library only.
+
+## Modules
+
+- **`dhcp_discover.py`** — builds a DHCPDISCOVER packet, broadcasts it to
+  `255.255.255.255:67` from UDP port 68 and collects replies for the given timeout.
+  Only replies matching the transaction ID are shown. Each response is labelled
+  `DHCP <type>` or, if the offered address (`yiaddr`) is `0.0.0.0`, `Proxy DHCP <type>`,
+  followed by offered IP, next server, server name, boot file and all parsed options
+  with human-readable names. With `--arch` the Discover carries PXE client
+  architecture (option 93) and a matching `PXEClient` vendor class (option 60),
+  which Proxy DHCP / PXE boot servers require before they answer.
+- **`__main__.py`** — makes `python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff` run the same CLI.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install somestuff-dhcpstuff
+```
+
+`somestuff` is a PEP 420 namespace; the package is imported as
+`somestuff.dhcpstuff` and shares the namespace with the other `somestuff-*`
+distributions.
+
+## Usage
+
+Console script and module invocation are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+sudo dhcp-discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff
+```
+
+| Flag                | Description                                                            |
+|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `-i`, `--interface` | Bind to a specific interface (e.g. `eth0`)                             |
+| `-t`, `--timeout`   | Seconds to wait for responses (default: 5)                             |
+| `-m`, `--mac`       | MAC address to use (default: random locally-administered MAC)          |
+| `-a`, `--arch`      | PXE client architecture for option 93: `bios`, `efi64` or `efi64-http` |
+
+Examples:
+
+```bash
+# Basic discover on all interfaces
+sudo dhcp-discover
+
+# Specific interface, PXE EFI64 architecture
+sudo dhcp-discover -i eth0 -a efi64
+
+# Custom MAC and longer timeout
+sudo dhcp-discover -m 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -t 10
+```
+
+### Library
+
+```python
+from somestuff.dhcpstuff import build_discover, mac_bytes, parse_response
+
+packet = build_discover(mac_bytes("02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee"), xid=0x12345678)
+```
+
+The package also exports `parse_options`, `print_response`, `format_option`,
+`fmt_ip`, `fmt_mac`, `main` and the constants `DHCP_SERVER_PORT`,
+`DHCP_CLIENT_PORT`, `MAGIC_COOKIE`, `DHCP_MSG_TYPES`, `DHCP_OPTIONS` and
+`PXE_ARCH_TYPES`.
+
+## Privileges
+
+`dhcp-discover` binds UDP port 68 and needs root (or `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`). It
+will not work while another DHCP client holds the port exclusively.
+
+## Notes
+
+- The repository additionally contains `diagnose-dhcp.sh`, a root-only (German)
+  shell script for finding unwanted DHCP on physical interfaces of Ubuntu Server
+  (cloud-init, Netplan, systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, DHCP client processes,
+  lease files, `ip=dhcp` kernel cmdline, udev/dispatcher hooks). It is not part
+  of the installed package:
+  https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff/tree/main/somestuff/dhcpstuff/
+- Requires: no third-party dependencies. Linux only (`SO_BINDTODEVICE`).
+- Licensed under the LGPL, see `LICENSE.md` in the repository root.

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[project]
+name = "somestuff-dhcpstuff"
+dynamic = ["version"]
+description = "DHCP Discover sender and response analyzer, including Proxy DHCP / PXE boot server responses (stdlib only)"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.13"
+authors = [{ name = "Henning Thieß", email = "ht@xomox.cc" }]
+license-files = ["LICENSE.md"]
+keywords = ["dhcp", "pxe", "proxy-dhcp", "network-diagnostics", "discover"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Topic :: System :: Networking",
+    "Topic :: System :: Boot",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Lesser General Public License v3 (LGPLv3)",
+    "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
+    "Typing :: Typed",
+]
+dependencies = []
+
+[project.scripts]
+dhcp-discover = "somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover:main"
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff"
+Repository = "https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff"
+Issues = "https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff/issues"
+
+[tool.hatch.version]
+path = "somestuff/dhcpstuff/__init__.py"
+
+# Build-level selection governs sdist AND wheel; a wheel-only `packages` leaves the sdist unscoped.
+# A target-level `exclude` replaces the build-level list instead of extending it, so each target carries the full set.
+[tool.hatch.build]
+packages = ["somestuff"]
+exclude = ["**/__pycache__", "**/*.pyc", "**/*.local.*", "**/*_deployment.yml", "**/*_cronjob.yml", "**/*.example", "**/*.example.yaml", "**/*.sh"]
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.sdist]
+exclude = ["**/__pycache__", "**/*.pyc", "**/*.local.*", "**/*_deployment.yml", "**/*_cronjob.yml", "**/*.example", "**/*.example.yaml", "**/*.sh"]
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+exclude = ["**/__pycache__", "**/*.pyc", "**/*.local.*", "**/*_deployment.yml", "**/*_cronjob.yml", "**/*.example", "**/*.example.yaml", "**/*.sh", "**/README.md"]

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/somestuff/dhcpstuff/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# dhcpstuff
+
+DHCP Discover sender and response analyzer for network diagnostics: broadcasts a
+DHCPDISCOVER and prints every answer, including regular DHCP offers and Proxy DHCP
+responses from PXE boot servers. Standard library only.
+
+## Modules
+
+- **`dhcp_discover.py`** — builds a DHCPDISCOVER packet, broadcasts it to
+  `255.255.255.255:67` from UDP port 68 and collects replies for the given timeout.
+  Only replies matching the transaction ID are shown. Each response is labelled
+  `DHCP <type>` or, if the offered address (`yiaddr`) is `0.0.0.0`, `Proxy DHCP <type>`,
+  followed by offered IP, next server, server name, boot file and all parsed options
+  with human-readable names. With `--arch` the Discover carries PXE client
+  architecture (option 93) and a matching `PXEClient` vendor class (option 60),
+  which Proxy DHCP / PXE boot servers require before they answer.
+- **`__main__.py`** — makes `python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff` run the same CLI.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install somestuff-dhcpstuff
+```
+
+`somestuff` is a PEP 420 namespace; the package is imported as
+`somestuff.dhcpstuff` and shares the namespace with the other `somestuff-*`
+distributions.
+
+## Usage
+
+Console script and module invocation are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+sudo dhcp-discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover
+sudo python3 -m somestuff.dhcpstuff
+```
+
+| Flag                | Description                                                            |
+|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `-i`, `--interface` | Bind to a specific interface (e.g. `eth0`)                             |
+| `-t`, `--timeout`   | Seconds to wait for responses (default: 5)                             |
+| `-m`, `--mac`       | MAC address to use (default: random locally-administered MAC)          |
+| `-a`, `--arch`      | PXE client architecture for option 93: `bios`, `efi64` or `efi64-http` |
+
+Examples:
+
+```bash
+# Basic discover on all interfaces
+sudo dhcp-discover
+
+# Specific interface, PXE EFI64 architecture
+sudo dhcp-discover -i eth0 -a efi64
+
+# Custom MAC and longer timeout
+sudo dhcp-discover -m 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -t 10
+```
+
+### Library
+
+```python
+from somestuff.dhcpstuff import build_discover, mac_bytes, parse_response
+
+packet = build_discover(mac_bytes("02:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee"), xid=0x12345678)
+```
+
+The package also exports `parse_options`, `print_response`, `format_option`,
+`fmt_ip`, `fmt_mac`, `main` and the constants `DHCP_SERVER_PORT`,
+`DHCP_CLIENT_PORT`, `MAGIC_COOKIE`, `DHCP_MSG_TYPES`, `DHCP_OPTIONS` and
+`PXE_ARCH_TYPES`.
+
+## Privileges
+
+`dhcp-discover` binds UDP port 68 and needs root (or `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`). It
+will not work while another DHCP client holds the port exclusively.
+
+## Notes
+
+- The repository additionally contains `diagnose-dhcp.sh`, a root-only (German)
+  shell script for finding unwanted DHCP on physical interfaces of Ubuntu Server
+  (cloud-init, Netplan, systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, DHCP client processes,
+  lease files, `ip=dhcp` kernel cmdline, udev/dispatcher hooks). It is not part
+  of the installed package:
+  https://github.com/vroomfondel/somestuff/tree/main/somestuff/dhcpstuff/
+- Requires: no third-party dependencies. Linux only (`SO_BINDTODEVICE`).
+- Licensed under the LGPL, see `LICENSE.md` in the repository root.

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/somestuff/dhcpstuff/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""DHCP discovery and diagnostic tools."""
+
+__version__ = "0.1.1"
+
+from somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover import (
+    DHCP_CLIENT_PORT,
+    DHCP_MSG_TYPES,
+    DHCP_OPTIONS,
+    DHCP_SERVER_PORT,
+    MAGIC_COOKIE,
+    PXE_ARCH_TYPES,
+    build_discover,
+    fmt_ip,
+    fmt_mac,
+    format_option,
+    mac_bytes,
+    main,
+    parse_options,
+    parse_response,
+    print_response,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DHCP_CLIENT_PORT",
+    "DHCP_MSG_TYPES",
+    "DHCP_OPTIONS",
+    "DHCP_SERVER_PORT",
+    "MAGIC_COOKIE",
+    "PXE_ARCH_TYPES",
+    "build_discover",
+    "fmt_ip",
+    "fmt_mac",
+    "format_option",
+    "mac_bytes",
+    "main",
+    "parse_options",
+    "parse_response",
+    "print_response",
+]

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/somestuff/dhcpstuff/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Allow running as `python -m somestuff.dhcpstuff`."""
+
+from somestuff.dhcpstuff.dhcp_discover import main
+
+main()

somestuff_dhcpstuff-0.1.1/somestuff/dhcpstuff/dhcp_discover.py

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Send DHCP Discover and display all responses (DHCP + Proxy DHCP)."""
+
+import argparse
+import random
+import socket
+import struct
+import time
+
+DHCP_SERVER_PORT = 67
+DHCP_CLIENT_PORT = 68
+MAGIC_COOKIE = b"\x63\x82\x53\x63"
+
+DHCP_MSG_TYPES = {
+    1: "DISCOVER",
+    2: "OFFER",
+    3: "REQUEST",
+    4: "DECLINE",
+    5: "ACK",
+    6: "NAK",
+    7: "RELEASE",
+    8: "INFORM",
+}
+
+DHCP_OPTIONS = {
+    1: "Subnet Mask",
+    3: "Router",
+    6: "DNS Server",
+    12: "Hostname",
+    15: "Domain Name",
+    28: "Broadcast Address",
+    43: "Vendor Specific",
+    50: "Requested IP",
+    51: "Lease Time",
+    53: "DHCP Message Type",
+    54: "DHCP Server ID",
+    58: "Renewal Time",
+    59: "Rebinding Time",
+    60: "Vendor Class ID",
+    61: "Client ID",
+    66: "TFTP Server Name",
+    67: "Bootfile Name",
+    93: "Client System Architecture",
+    97: "UUID/GUID",
+    175: "iPXE Encapsulated",
+    255: "End",
+}
+
+
+def mac_bytes(mac_str: str) -> bytes:
+    return bytes(int(b, 16) for b in mac_str.split(":"))
+
+
+def fmt_ip(raw: bytes) -> str:
+    return ".".join(str(b) for b in raw)
+
+
+def fmt_mac(raw: bytes) -> str:
+    return ":".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in raw)
+
+
+PXE_ARCH_TYPES = {
+    "bios": (0, "PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001"),
+    "efi64": (7, "PXEClient:Arch:00007:UNDI:003016"),
+    "efi64-http": (9, "PXEClient:Arch:00009:UNDI:003016"),
+}
+
+
+def build_discover(mac: bytes, xid: int, arch: int | None = None, vendor_class: str | None = None) -> bytes:
+    """Build a DHCPDISCOVER packet."""
+    pkt = struct.pack("!BBBB", 1, 1, 6, 0)  # op, htype, hlen, hops
+    pkt += struct.pack("!I", xid)  # xid
+    pkt += struct.pack("!HH", 0, 0x8000)  # secs, flags (broadcast)
+    pkt += b"\x00" * 4 * 4  # ciaddr, yiaddr, siaddr, giaddr
+    pkt += mac + b"\x00" * 10  # chaddr (16 bytes)
+    pkt += b"\x00" * 64  # sname
+    pkt += b"\x00" * 128  # file
+    pkt += MAGIC_COOKIE
+    # Options
+    pkt += b"\x35\x01\x01"  # 53: DHCPDISCOVER
+    pkt += b"\x37\x08\x01\x03\x06\x0f\x1c\x42\x43\xaf"  # 55: param request list
+    if arch is not None:
+        pkt += struct.pack("!BBH", 93, 2, arch)  # 93: Client System Architecture
+    if vendor_class is not None:
+        vc = vendor_class.encode("ascii")
+        pkt += struct.pack("!BB", 60, len(vc)) + vc  # 60: Vendor Class Identifier
+    pkt += b"\xff"  # end
+    return pkt
+
+
+def parse_options(data: bytes) -> dict:
+    """Parse DHCP options from raw bytes."""
+    opts = {}
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(data):
+        code = data[i]
+        if code == 255:
+            break
+        if code == 0:
+            i += 1
+            continue
+        length = data[i + 1]
+        value = data[i + 2 : i + 2 + length]
+        opts[code] = value
+        i += 2 + length
+    return opts
+
+
+def format_option(code: int, value: bytes) -> str:
+    """Format a DHCP option value for display."""
+    if code == 53:
+        return DHCP_MSG_TYPES.get(value[0], f"Unknown({value[0]})")
+    if code in (1, 3, 6, 28, 50, 54):
+        ips = [fmt_ip(value[j : j + 4]) for j in range(0, len(value), 4)]
+        return ", ".join(ips)
+    if code in (51, 58, 59):
+        return f"{struct.unpack('!I', value)[0]}s"
+    if code in (12, 15, 60, 66, 67):
+        return value.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
+    return value.hex()
+
+
+def parse_response(data: bytes) -> dict | None:
+    """Parse a DHCP response packet."""
+    if len(data) < 240:
+        return None
+    if data[236:240] != MAGIC_COOKIE:
+        return None
+
+    info = {
+        "op": data[0],
+        "yiaddr": fmt_ip(data[16:20]),
+        "siaddr": fmt_ip(data[20:24]),
+        "giaddr": fmt_ip(data[24:28]),
+        "chaddr": fmt_mac(data[28:34]),
+        "sname": data[44:108].rstrip(b"\x00").decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+        "file": data[108:236].rstrip(b"\x00").decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
+        "options": parse_options(data[240:]),
+    }
+    return info
+
+
+def print_response(info: dict, idx: int) -> None:
+    """Print a parsed DHCP response."""
+    msg_type_raw = info["options"].get(53, b"\x00")[0]
+    msg_type = DHCP_MSG_TYPES.get(msg_type_raw, f"Unknown({msg_type_raw})")
+    server_id = fmt_ip(info["options"][54]) if 54 in info["options"] else "?"
+    is_proxy = info["yiaddr"] == "0.0.0.0"
+
+    label = f"Proxy DHCP {msg_type}" if is_proxy else f"DHCP {msg_type}"
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"Response #{idx}: {label} from {server_id}")
+    print(f"{'='*60}")
+
+    if not is_proxy:
+        print(f"  Offered IP:    {info['yiaddr']}")
+    if info["siaddr"] != "0.0.0.0":
+        print(f"  Next Server:   {info['siaddr']}")
+    if info["sname"]:
+        print(f"  Server Name:   {info['sname']}")
+    if info["file"]:
+        print(f"  Boot File:     {info['file']}")
+
+    print(f"  Options:")
+    for code, value in sorted(info["options"].items()):
+        name = DHCP_OPTIONS.get(code, f"Option {code}")
+        print(f"    {name} ({code}): {format_option(code, value)}")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="DHCP Discover - show DHCP and Proxy DHCP responses")
+    parser.add_argument("-i", "--interface", help="Bind to specific interface (e.g. eth0)")
+    parser.add_argument("-t", "--timeout", type=float, default=5.0, help="Seconds to wait for responses (default: 5)")
+    parser.add_argument("-m", "--mac", default=None, help="MAC address to use (default: random)")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-a",
+        "--arch",
+        choices=list(PXE_ARCH_TYPES.keys()),
+        help="PXE client architecture for option 93 (required for Proxy DHCP/PXE boot servers)",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.mac:
+        mac = mac_bytes(args.mac)
+    else:
+        mac = bytes([0x02] + [random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(5)])
+        print(f"Using random MAC: {fmt_mac(mac)}")
+
+    xid = random.randint(1, 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
+    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+    if args.interface:
+        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BINDTODEVICE, args.interface.encode() + b"\0")
+    sock.bind(("", DHCP_CLIENT_PORT))
+    sock.settimeout(1.0)
+
+    if args.arch:
+        arch_code, vendor_class = PXE_ARCH_TYPES[args.arch]
+    else:
+        arch_code, vendor_class = None, None
+    pkt = build_discover(mac, xid, arch=arch_code, vendor_class=vendor_class)
+    sock.sendto(pkt, ("255.255.255.255", DHCP_SERVER_PORT))
+    arch_info = f", arch={args.arch}({arch_code}), vendor={vendor_class}" if arch_code is not None else ""
+    print(f"Sent DHCPDISCOVER (xid=0x{xid:08x}{arch_info}), waiting {args.timeout}s for responses...")
+
+    responses = []
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + args.timeout
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        try:
+            data, addr = sock.recvfrom(4096)
+        except socket.timeout:
+            continue
+        info = parse_response(data)
+        if info and struct.unpack("!I", struct.pack("!I", xid))[0] == struct.unpack("!I", data[4:8])[0]:
+            responses.append((addr, info))
+            print_response(info, len(responses))
+
+    sock.close()
+
+    if not responses:
+        print("\nNo responses received.")
+    else:
+        print(f"\n{len(responses)} response(s) received.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()