sglang 0.4.6__tar.gz → 0.4.6.post1__tar.gz

{sglang-0.4.6/sglang.egg-info → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: sglang
-Version: 0.4.6
+Version: 0.4.6.post1
 Summary: SGLang is yet another fast serving framework for large language models and vision language models.
 License:                                  Apache License
                                    Version 2.0, January 2004
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Requires-Dist: uvloop; extra == "runtime-common"
 Requires-Dist: xgrammar==0.1.17; extra == "runtime-common"
 Provides-Extra: srt
 Requires-Dist: sglang[runtime_common]; extra == "srt"
-Requires-Dist: sgl-kernel==0.0.9.post2; extra == "srt"
+Requires-Dist: sgl-kernel==0.1.0; extra == "srt"
 Requires-Dist: flashinfer_python==0.2.3; extra == "srt"
 Requires-Dist: torch==2.6.0; extra == "srt"
 Requires-Dist: torchvision==0.21.0; extra == "srt"

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "sglang"
-version = "0.4.6"
+version = "0.4.6.post1"
 description = "SGLang is yet another fast serving framework for large language models and vision language models."
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.8"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ runtime_common = [
 
 srt = [
     "sglang[runtime_common]",
-    "sgl-kernel==0.0.9.post2",
+    "sgl-kernel==0.1.0",
     "flashinfer_python==0.2.3",
     "torch==2.6.0",
     "torchvision==0.21.0",

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/disaggregation/decode.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from torch.distributed import ProcessGroup
 from sglang.srt.disaggregation.base import BaseKVManager, BaseKVReceiver, KVArgs, KVPoll
 from sglang.srt.disaggregation.utils import (
     DisaggregationMode,
+    FakeBootstrapHost,
     KVClassType,
     ReqToMetadataIdxAllocator,
     TransferBackend,
@@ -133,8 +134,13 @@ class DecodePreallocQueue:
 
     def add(self, req: Req) -> None:
         """Add a request to the pending queue."""
-
-        kv_receiver_class = get_kv_class(self.transfer_backend, KVClassType.RECEIVER)
+        if req.bootstrap_host == FakeBootstrapHost:
+            # Fake transfer for warmup reqs
+            kv_receiver_class = get_kv_class(TransferBackend.FAKE, KVClassType.RECEIVER)
+        else:
+            kv_receiver_class = get_kv_class(
+                self.transfer_backend, KVClassType.RECEIVER
+            )
         kv_receiver = kv_receiver_class(
             mgr=self.kv_manager,
             bootstrap_addr=f"{req.bootstrap_host}:{req.bootstrap_port}",

sglang-0.4.6.post1/sglang/srt/disaggregation/fake/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .conn import FakeKVReceiver, FakeKVSender

sglang-0.4.6.post1/sglang/srt/disaggregation/fake/conn.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.typing as npt
+
+from sglang.srt.disaggregation.base.conn import (
+    BaseKVManager,
+    BaseKVReceiver,
+    BaseKVSender,
+    KVArgs,
+    KVPoll,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# For warmup reqs, we don't kv transfer, we use the fake sender and receiver
+class FakeKVSender(BaseKVSender):
+    def __init__(self, mgr: BaseKVManager, bootstrap_addr: str, bootstrap_room: int):
+        self.has_sent = False
+
+    def poll(self) -> KVPoll:
+        if self.has_sent is False:
+            # Assume handshake completed instantly
+            return KVPoll.WaitingForInput
+        else:
+            # Assume transfer completed instantly
+            logger.info("FakeKVSender poll success")
+            return KVPoll.Success
+
+    def init(
+        self,
+        kv_indices: list[int],
+        aux_index: Optional[int] = None,
+        dest_ranks: Optional[list[int]] = None,
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f"FakeKVSender init with kv_indices: {kv_indices}, aux_index: {aux_index}, dest_ranks: {dest_ranks}"
+        )
+        pass
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        kv_indices: npt.NDArray[np.int64],
+        index_slice: slice,
+        is_last: bool,
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f"FakeKVSender send with kv_indices: {kv_indices}, index_slice: {index_slice}, is_last: {is_last}"
+        )
+        if is_last:
+            self.has_sent = True
+            logger.info(f"FakeKVSender send success")
+        else:
+            self.has_sent = False
+            logger.info(f"FakeKVSender send fake transfering")
+
+    def failure_exception(self):
+        raise Exception("Fake KVSender Exception")
+
+
+class FakeKVReceiver(BaseKVReceiver):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mgr: BaseKVManager,
+        bootstrap_addr: str,
+        bootstrap_room: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        self.has_init = False
+
+    def poll(self) -> KVPoll:
+        if self.has_init is False:
+            # Assume handshake completed instantly
+            return KVPoll.WaitingForInput
+        else:
+            # Assume transfer completed instantly
+            logger.info("FakeKVReceiver poll success")
+            return KVPoll.Success
+
+    def init(self, kv_indices: list[int], aux_index: Optional[int] = None):
+        self.has_init = True
+        logger.info(
+            f"FakeKVReceiver init with kv_indices: {kv_indices}, aux_index: {aux_index}"
+        )
+
+    def failure_exception(self):
+        raise Exception("Fake KVReceiver Exception")

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/disaggregation/prefill.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Life cycle of a request in the prefill server
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
+import threading
 from collections import deque
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import torch
 from sglang.srt.disaggregation.base import BaseKVManager, KVArgs, KVPoll
 from sglang.srt.disaggregation.utils import (
     DisaggregationMode,
+    FakeBootstrapHost,
     KVClassType,
     ReqToMetadataIdxAllocator,
     TransferBackend,
@@ -115,7 +117,11 @@ class PrefillBootstrapQueue:
         return kv_manager
 
     def add(self, req: Req) -> None:
-        kv_sender_class = get_kv_class(self.transfer_backend, KVClassType.SENDER)
+        if req.bootstrap_host == FakeBootstrapHost:
+            # Fake transfer for warmup reqs
+            kv_sender_class = get_kv_class(TransferBackend.FAKE, KVClassType.SENDER)
+        else:
+            kv_sender_class = get_kv_class(self.transfer_backend, KVClassType.SENDER)
         req.disagg_kv_sender = kv_sender_class(
             mgr=self.kv_manager,
             bootstrap_addr=f"{req.bootstrap_host}:{self.bootstrap_port}",
@@ -256,7 +262,10 @@ class SchedulerDisaggregationPrefillMixin:
             self.running_batch.batch_is_full = False
 
     def process_batch_result_disagg_prefill(
-        self: Scheduler, batch: ScheduleBatch, result: GenerationBatchResult
+        self: Scheduler,
+        batch: ScheduleBatch,
+        result: GenerationBatchResult,
+        launch_done: Optional[threading.Event] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Transfer kv for prefill completed requests and add it into disagg_prefill_inflight_queue
@@ -280,7 +289,7 @@ class SchedulerDisaggregationPrefillMixin:
         # Transfer kv for prefill completed requests and add it into disagg_prefill_infight_queue
         if self.enable_overlap:
             # wait
-            _, next_token_ids = self.tp_worker.resolve_batch_result(bid)
+            _, next_token_ids = self.tp_worker.resolve_last_batch_result(launch_done)
         else:
             next_token_ids = result.next_token_ids.tolist()
 

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/disaggregation/utils.py

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ class DisaggregationMode(Enum):
     DECODE = "decode"
 
 
+FakeBootstrapHost = "2.2.2.2"
+
+
 def poll_and_all_reduce(pollers, gloo_group):
     polls = [int(poller.poll()) for poller in pollers]
     tensor_to_reduce = torch.tensor(polls, dtype=torch.uint8, device="cpu")
@@ -59,6 +62,8 @@ class KVClassType(Enum):
 
 
 def get_kv_class(transfer_backend: TransferBackend, class_type: KVClassType):
+    from sglang.srt.disaggregation.fake import FakeKVReceiver, FakeKVSender
+
     if transfer_backend == TransferBackend.MOONCAKE:
         from sglang.srt.disaggregation.mooncake import (
             MooncakeKVBootstrapServer,
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ def get_kv_class(transfer_backend: TransferBackend, class_type: KVClassType):
         class_mapping = {
             KVClassType.MANAGER: MooncakeKVManager,
             KVClassType.SENDER: MooncakeKVSender,
-            KVClassType.RECEIVER: MooncakeKVReceiver,
+            KVClassType.RECEIVER: (MooncakeKVReceiver),
             KVClassType.BOOTSTRAP_SERVER: MooncakeKVBootstrapServer,
         }
         return class_mapping.get(class_type)
@@ -85,10 +90,19 @@ def get_kv_class(transfer_backend: TransferBackend, class_type: KVClassType):
         class_mapping = {
             KVClassType.MANAGER: NixlKVManager,
             KVClassType.SENDER: NixlKVSender,
-            KVClassType.RECEIVER: NixlKVReceiver,
+            KVClassType.RECEIVER: (NixlKVReceiver),
             KVClassType.BOOTSTRAP_SERVER: NixlKVBootstrapServer,
         }
         return class_mapping.get(class_type)
+    if transfer_backend == TransferBackend.FAKE:
+        from sglang.srt.disaggregation.fake import FakeKVReceiver, FakeKVSender
+
+        class_mapping = {
+            KVClassType.SENDER: FakeKVSender,
+            KVClassType.RECEIVER: (FakeKVReceiver),
+        }
+        return class_mapping.get(class_type)
+
     raise ValueError(f"Unsupported transfer backend: {transfer_backend}")
 
 

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/entrypoints/engine.py

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ from sglang.srt.utils import (
     assert_pkg_version,
     configure_logger,
     get_zmq_socket,
+    is_cuda,
     kill_process_tree,
     launch_dummy_health_check_server,
     maybe_set_triton_cache_manager,
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ from sglang.version import __version__
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
 
+_is_cuda = is_cuda()
+
 
 class Engine(EngineBase):
     """
@@ -452,6 +455,12 @@ def _set_envs_and_config(server_args: ServerArgs):
             "reinstall the latest version by following the instructions "
             "at https://docs.flashinfer.ai/installation.html.",
         )
+    if _is_cuda:
+        assert_pkg_version(
+            "sgl-kernel",
+            "0.1.0",
+            "Please reinstall the latest version with `pip install sgl-kernel --force-reinstall`",
+        )
 
     def sigchld_handler(signum, frame):
         pid, exitcode = os.waitpid(0, os.WNOHANG)

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/entrypoints/http_server.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, Request, UploadFile
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse, Response, StreamingResponse
 
+from sglang.srt.disaggregation.utils import FakeBootstrapHost
 from sglang.srt.entrypoints.engine import _launch_subprocesses
 from sglang.srt.function_call_parser import FunctionCallParser
 from sglang.srt.managers.io_struct import (
@@ -821,8 +822,32 @@ def _wait_and_warmup(
             )
             assert res.status_code == 200, f"{res}"
         else:
-            # Warmup request currently hangs in disaggregation mode, so we skip it.
-            logger.info("Skipping warmup request in disaggregation mode")
+            logger.info(f"Start of prefill warmup ...")
+            json_data = {
+                "sampling_params": {
+                    "temperature": 0.0,
+                    "max_new_tokens": 8,
+                    "ignore_eos": True,
+                },
+                "bootstrap_host": [FakeBootstrapHost] * server_args.dp_size,
+                # This is a hack to ensure fake transfer is enabled during prefill warmup
+                # ensure each dp rank has a unique bootstrap_room during prefill warmup
+                "bootstrap_room": [
+                    i * (2**63 // server_args.dp_size) + (i % server_args.tp_size)
+                    for i in range(server_args.dp_size)
+                ],
+                "input_ids": [[0, 1, 2, 3]] * server_args.dp_size,
+            }
+            res = requests.post(
+                url + request_name,
+                json=json_data,
+                headers=headers,
+                timeout=1800,  # because of deep gemm precache is very long if not precache.
+            )
+            logger.info(
+                f"End of prefill warmup with status {res.status_code}, resp: {res.json()}"
+            )
+
     except Exception:
         last_traceback = get_exception_traceback()
         if pipe_finish_writer is not None:

sglang-0.4.6.post1/sglang/srt/layers/attention/cutlass_mla_backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+"""
+Support attention backend for Cutlass MLA.
+
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
+
+import torch
+import triton
+
+from sglang.global_config import global_config
+from sglang.srt.layers.attention.base_attn_backend import AttentionBackend
+from sglang.srt.layers.attention.flashinfer_mla_backend import FlashInferMLAAttnBackend
+from sglang.srt.layers.attention.utils import create_flashmla_kv_indices_triton
+from sglang.srt.layers.dp_attention import get_attention_tp_size
+from sglang.srt.model_executor.forward_batch_info import ForwardBatch, ForwardMode
+from sglang.srt.utils import is_cuda
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sglang.srt.layers.radix_attention import RadixAttention
+    from sglang.srt.model_executor.model_runner import ModelRunner
+    from sglang.srt.speculative.eagle_utils import EagleDraftInput, EagleVerifyInput
+    from sglang.srt.speculative.spec_info import SpecInfo
+
+_is_cuda = is_cuda()
+if _is_cuda:
+    from sgl_kernel import cutlass_mla_decode, cutlass_mla_get_workspace_size
+
+
+# Cutlass MLA only supports pagesize=128
+PAGE_SIZE = 128
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CutlassMLADecodeMetadata:
+    workspace: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
+    block_kv_indices: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        workspace: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        block_kv_indices: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        self.workspace = workspace
+        self.block_kv_indices = block_kv_indices
+
+
+class CutlassMLABackend(FlashInferMLAAttnBackend):
+    """Cutlass attention kernels."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_runner: ModelRunner,
+        skip_prefill: bool = False,
+        kv_indptr_buf: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        kv_last_page_len_buf: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            model_runner, skip_prefill, kv_indptr_buf, kv_last_page_len_buf
+        )
+
+        self.num_q_heads = (
+            model_runner.model_config.num_attention_heads // get_attention_tp_size()
+        )
+        self.num_kv_heads = model_runner.model_config.get_num_kv_heads(
+            get_attention_tp_size()
+        )
+        self.req_to_token = model_runner.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token
+        self.num_local_heads = (
+            model_runner.model_config.num_attention_heads // get_attention_tp_size()
+        )
+        self.forward_metadata: Union[CutlassMLADecodeMetadata] = None
+        self.kv_lora_rank = model_runner.model_config.kv_lora_rank
+        self.qk_nope_head_dim = model_runner.model_config.qk_nope_head_dim
+        self.qk_rope_head_dim = model_runner.model_config.qk_rope_head_dim
+        self.v_head_dim = model_runner.model_config.v_head_dim
+        self.scaling = model_runner.model_config.scaling
+        self.data_type = model_runner.kv_cache_dtype
+        self.q_data_type = model_runner.dtype
+        self.kv_cache_dim = self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim
+
+    def init_forward_metadata(self, forward_batch: ForwardBatch):
+
+        bs = forward_batch.batch_size
+        spec_info = forward_batch.spec_info
+        if forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode_or_idle():
+            if spec_info is None:
+                max_seqlen_pad = triton.cdiv(
+                    forward_batch.seq_lens_cpu.max().item(), PAGE_SIZE
+                )
+                block_kv_indices = torch.full(
+                    (bs, max_seqlen_pad),
+                    -1,
+                    dtype=torch.int32,
+                    device=forward_batch.seq_lens.device,
+                )
+                create_flashmla_kv_indices_triton[(bs,)](
+                    self.req_to_token,
+                    forward_batch.req_pool_indices,
+                    forward_batch.seq_lens,
+                    None,
+                    block_kv_indices,
+                    self.req_to_token.stride(0),
+                    max_seqlen_pad,
+                    PAGE_SIZE,
+                )
+                workspace_size = cutlass_mla_get_workspace_size(
+                    max_seqlen_pad * PAGE_SIZE, bs
+                )
+                workspace = torch.empty(
+                    workspace_size, device="cuda", dtype=torch.uint8
+                )
+                self.forward_metadata = CutlassMLADecodeMetadata(
+                    workspace,
+                    block_kv_indices,
+                )
+            else:
+                super().init_forward_metadata(forward_batch)
+        else:
+            super().init_forward_metadata(forward_batch)
+
+    def init_cuda_graph_state(
+        self,
+        max_bs: int,
+        block_kv_indices: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        if block_kv_indices is None:
+            cuda_graph_kv_indices = torch.full(
+                (max_bs, (self.max_context_len + PAGE_SIZE) // PAGE_SIZE),
+                1,
+                dtype=torch.int32,
+                device="cuda",
+            )
+        else:
+            cuda_graph_kv_indices = block_kv_indices
+
+        workspace_size = cutlass_mla_get_workspace_size(
+            cuda_graph_kv_indices.shape[1] * PAGE_SIZE, max_bs
+        )
+        self.cuda_graph_mla_workspace = torch.empty(
+            workspace_size, device="cuda", dtype=torch.uint8
+        )
+        self.cuda_graph_kv_indices = cuda_graph_kv_indices
+
+    def init_forward_metadata_capture_cuda_graph(
+        self,
+        bs: int,
+        num_tokens: int,
+        req_pool_indices: torch.Tensor,
+        seq_lens: torch.Tensor,
+        encoder_lens: Optional[torch.Tensor],
+        forward_mode: ForwardMode,
+        spec_info: Optional[SpecInfo],
+    ):
+        if forward_mode.is_decode_or_idle():
+            if spec_info is None:
+                max_seqlen_pad = triton.cdiv(seq_lens.max().item(), PAGE_SIZE)
+
+                create_flashmla_kv_indices_triton[(bs,)](
+                    self.req_to_token,
+                    req_pool_indices,
+                    seq_lens,
+                    None,
+                    self.cuda_graph_kv_indices,
+                    self.req_to_token.stride(0),
+                    self.cuda_graph_kv_indices.stride(0),
+                    PAGE_SIZE,
+                )
+                workspace_size = cutlass_mla_get_workspace_size(
+                    max_seqlen_pad * PAGE_SIZE, bs
+                )
+                self.cuda_graph_mla_workspace = torch.empty(
+                    workspace_size, device="cuda", dtype=torch.uint8
+                )
+                self.forward_metadata = CutlassMLADecodeMetadata(
+                    self.cuda_graph_mla_workspace,
+                    self.cuda_graph_kv_indices[:bs, :max_seqlen_pad],
+                )
+        else:
+            super().init_forward_metadata_capture_cuda_graph(
+                bs,
+                num_tokens,
+                req_pool_indices,
+                seq_lens,
+                encoder_lens,
+                forward_mode,
+                spec_info,
+            )
+
+    def init_forward_metadata_replay_cuda_graph(
+        self,
+        bs: int,
+        req_pool_indices: torch.Tensor,
+        seq_lens: torch.Tensor,
+        seq_lens_sum: int,
+        encoder_lens: Optional[torch.Tensor],
+        forward_mode: ForwardMode,
+        spec_info: Optional[SpecInfo],
+        seq_lens_cpu: Optional[torch.Tensor],
+    ):
+
+        if forward_mode.is_decode_or_idle():
+            assert seq_lens_cpu is not None
+            seq_lens = seq_lens[:bs]
+            seq_lens_cpu = seq_lens_cpu[:bs]
+            max_seqlen_pad = triton.cdiv(seq_lens_cpu.max().item(), PAGE_SIZE)
+            create_flashmla_kv_indices_triton[(bs,)](
+                self.req_to_token,
+                req_pool_indices[:bs],
+                seq_lens,
+                None,
+                self.cuda_graph_kv_indices,
+                self.req_to_token.stride(0),
+                self.cuda_graph_kv_indices.stride(0),
+                PAGE_SIZE,
+            )
+            workspace_size = cutlass_mla_get_workspace_size(
+                max_seqlen_pad * PAGE_SIZE, bs
+            )
+            self.cuda_graph_mla_workspace = torch.empty(
+                workspace_size, device="cuda", dtype=torch.uint8
+            )
+            self.forward_metadata.workspace = self.cuda_graph_mla_workspace
+            self.forward_metadata.block_kv_indices = self.cuda_graph_kv_indices[
+                :bs, :max_seqlen_pad
+            ]
+        else:
+            super().init_forward_metadata_replay_cuda_graph(
+                bs,
+                req_pool_indices,
+                seq_lens,
+                seq_lens_sum,
+                encoder_lens,
+                forward_mode,
+                spec_info,
+                seq_lens_cpu,
+            )
+
+    def get_cuda_graph_seq_len_fill_value(self):
+        return 1
+
+    def forward_decode(
+        self,
+        q: torch.Tensor,
+        k: torch.Tensor,
+        v: torch.Tensor,
+        layer: RadixAttention,
+        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
+        save_kv_cache: bool = True,
+    ):
+        cache_loc = forward_batch.out_cache_loc
+
+        if k is not None:
+            assert v is not None
+            if save_kv_cache:
+                forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.set_kv_buffer(
+                    layer,
+                    cache_loc,
+                    k,
+                    v,
+                )
+        bs = forward_batch.batch_size
+        k_cache = forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.get_key_buffer(layer.layer_id)
+
+        reshape_q = q.view(-1, layer.tp_q_head_num, layer.head_dim)
+
+        o = cutlass_mla_decode(
+            q_nope_and_q_pe=reshape_q,
+            kv_c_and_k_pe_cache=k_cache.view(-1, PAGE_SIZE, self.kv_cache_dim),
+            seq_lens=forward_batch.seq_lens.to(torch.int32),
+            page_table=self.forward_metadata.block_kv_indices,
+            workspace=self.forward_metadata.workspace,
+        )
+
+        return o.view(-1, layer.tp_q_head_num * layer.v_head_dim)

{sglang-0.4.6 → sglang-0.4.6.post1}/sglang/srt/layers/attention/utils.py

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ def create_flashmla_kv_indices_triton(
     kv_indices_ptr,
     req_to_token_ptr_stride: tl.constexpr,
     kv_indices_ptr_stride: tl.constexpr,
+    PAGED_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 64,
 ):
-    PAGED_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 64
     BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 4096
     NUM_PAGE_PER_BLOCK: tl.constexpr = 64
     pid = tl.program_id(axis=0)