qadence 1.5.2__tar.gz → 1.6.1__tar.gz

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v1.9.0
     hooks:
       - id: mypy
+        args: [--install-types, --non-interactive]
         exclude: examples|docs
 
 -   repo: https://github.com/DanielNoord/pydocstringformatter

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.3
 Name: qadence
-Version: 1.5.2
+Version: 1.6.1
 Summary: Pasqal interface for circuit-based quantum computing SDKs
 Author-email: Aleksander Wennersteen <aleksander.wennersteen@pasqal.com>, Gert-Jan Both <gert-jan.both@pasqal.com>, Niklas Heim <niklas.heim@pasqal.com>, Mario Dagrada <mario.dagrada@pasqal.com>, Vincent Elfving <vincent.elfving@pasqal.com>, Dominik Seitz <dominik.seitz@pasqal.com>, Roland Guichard <roland.guichard@pasqal.com>, "Joao P. Moutinho" <joao.moutinho@pasqal.com>, Vytautas Abramavicius <vytautas.abramavicius@pasqal.com>, Gergana Velikova <gergana.velikova@pasqal.com>, Eduardo Maschio <eduardo.maschio@pasqal.com>
 License: Apache 2.0
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
-Requires-Python: <3.13,>=3.9
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
 Requires-Dist: arpeggio==2.0.2
 Requires-Dist: deepdiff
 Requires-Dist: jsonschema
@@ -21,20 +22,24 @@ Requires-Dist: matplotlib
 Requires-Dist: nevergrad
 Requires-Dist: numpy
 Requires-Dist: openfermion
-Requires-Dist: pyqtorch==1.1.0
+Requires-Dist: pyqtorch==1.1.2
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml
 Requires-Dist: rich
 Requires-Dist: scipy
 Requires-Dist: sympytorch>=0.1.2
 Requires-Dist: tensorboard>=2.12.0
 Requires-Dist: torch
 Provides-Extra: all
-Requires-Dist: amazon-braket-sdk==1.71.0; extra == 'all'
-Requires-Dist: graphviz; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: braket; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: libs; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: protocols; extra == 'all'
-Requires-Dist: pulser>=0.15.2; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: pulser; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: visualization; extra == 'all'
 Provides-Extra: braket
-Requires-Dist: amazon-braket-sdk==1.71.0; extra == 'braket'
+Requires-Dist: amazon-braket-sdk<1.71.2; extra == 'braket'
+Provides-Extra: dlprof
+Requires-Dist: nvidia-dlprof[pytorch]; extra == 'dlprof'
+Requires-Dist: nvidia-pyindex; extra == 'dlprof'
 Provides-Extra: horqrux
 Requires-Dist: einops; extra == 'horqrux'
 Requires-Dist: flax; extra == 'horqrux'
@@ -48,8 +53,9 @@ Requires-Dist: qadence-libs; extra == 'libs'
 Provides-Extra: protocols
 Requires-Dist: qadence-protocols; extra == 'protocols'
 Provides-Extra: pulser
-Requires-Dist: pasqal-cloud>=0.3.5; extra == 'pulser'
-Requires-Dist: pulser>=v0.15.2; extra == 'pulser'
+Requires-Dist: pasqal-cloud==0.8.1; extra == 'pulser'
+Requires-Dist: pulser-core==0.18.1; extra == 'pulser'
+Requires-Dist: pulser-simulation==0.18.1; extra == 'pulser'
 Provides-Extra: visualization
 Requires-Dist: graphviz; extra == 'visualization'
 Description-Content-Type: text/markdown

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/mkdocs.yml

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ nav:
       - Quantum circuits differentiation: tutorials/advanced_tutorials/differentiability.md
       - Custom quantum models: tutorials/advanced_tutorials/custom-models.md
       - Projector blocks: tutorials/advanced_tutorials/projectors.md
+      - Profiling and debugging on CUDA devices: tutorials/advanced_tutorials/profiling-and-debugging.md
 
     - Realistic simulations:
       - tutorials/realistic_sims/index.md
@@ -80,7 +81,6 @@ nav:
     - Backends:
       - Abstract backend: api/backends/backend.md
       - PyQTorch: api/backends/pyqtorch.md
-      - Amazon Braket: api/backends/braket.md
       - Pulser: api/backends/pulser.md
       - DifferentiableBackend: api/backends/differentiable.md
 

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/pyproject.toml

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ authors = [
     { name = "Gergana Velikova", email = "gergana.velikova@pasqal.com" },
     { name = "Eduardo Maschio", email = "eduardo.maschio@pasqal.com" },
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9,<3.13"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 license = {text = "Apache 2.0"}
-version = "1.5.2"
+version = "1.6.1"
 classifiers=[
     "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ classifiers=[
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
 ]
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "jsonschema",
     "nevergrad",
     "scipy",
-    "pyqtorch==1.1.0",
+    "pyqtorch==1.1.2",
+    "pyyaml",
     "matplotlib",
     "Arpeggio==2.0.2",
 ]
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@ allow-direct-references = true
 allow-ambiguous-features = true
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-pulser = ["pulser>=v0.15.2", "pasqal-cloud>=0.3.5"]
-braket = ["amazon-braket-sdk==1.71.0"]
+pulser = ["pulser-core==0.18.1", "pulser-simulation==0.18.1","pasqal-cloud==0.8.1"]
+braket = ["amazon-braket-sdk<1.71.2"]
 visualization = [
   "graphviz",
   # FIXME: will be needed once we support latex labels
@@ -71,15 +73,13 @@ horqrux = [
     "sympy2jax"]
 protocols = ["qadence-protocols"]
 libs = ["qadence-libs"]
+dlprof = ["nvidia-pyindex", "nvidia-dlprof[pytorch]"]
 all = [
-  "pulser>=0.15.2",
-  "amazon-braket-sdk==1.71.0",
-  "graphviz",
+  "pulser",
+  "braket",
+  "visualization",
   "protocols",
   "libs",
-  # FIXME: will be needed once we support latex labels
-  # "latex2svg @ git+https://github.com/Moonbase59/latex2svg.git#egg=latex2svg",
-  # "scour",
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.default]
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "pytest-cov",
   "pytest-mypy",
   "pytest-xdist",
+  "types-PyYAML",
   "ipykernel",
   "pre-commit",
   "black",
@@ -181,9 +182,10 @@ line-length = 100
 required-imports = ["from __future__ import annotations"]
 
 [tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
-"__init__.py" = ["F401"]
+"__init__.py" = ["F401", "E402"]
 "qadence/operations/primitive.py" = ["E742"]  # Avoid ambiguous class name warning for identity.
 "qadence/backends/horqrux/convert_ops.py" = ["E741"]  # Avoid ambiguous class name warning for 0.
+"examples/*" = ["E402"] # Allow torch seed to be set before qadence imports
 
 [tool.ruff.mccabe]
 max-complexity = 15

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/__init__.py

@@ -1,10 +1,43 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import os
 from importlib import import_module
+from pathlib import Path
 
+import yaml
 from torch import cdouble, set_default_dtype
 from torch import float64 as torchfloat64
 
+DEFAULT_FLOAT_DTYPE = torchfloat64
+DEFAULT_COMPLEX_DTYPE = cdouble
+set_default_dtype(DEFAULT_FLOAT_DTYPE)
+
+logging_levels = {
+    "DEBUG": logging.DEBUG,
+    "INFO": logging.INFO,
+    "WARNING": logging.WARNING,
+    "ERROR": logging.ERROR,
+    "CRITICAL": logging.CRITICAL,
+}
+LOG_CONFIG_PATH = os.environ.get("QADENCE_LOG_CONFIG", f"{Path(__file__).parent}/log_config.yaml")
+LOG_BASE_LEVEL = os.environ.get("QADENCE_LOG_LEVEL", "").upper()
+
+with open(LOG_CONFIG_PATH, "r") as stream:
+    log_config = yaml.load(stream, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
+logging.config.dictConfig(log_config)
+
+logger: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+LOG_LEVEL = logging_levels.get(LOG_BASE_LEVEL, logging.INFO)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+logger.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
+[
+    h.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+    for h in logger.handlers
+    if h.get_name() == "console"
+]
+logger.debug(f"Qadence logger successfully setup with log level {LOG_LEVEL}")
+
 from .analog import *
 from .backend import *
 from .backends import *
@@ -28,11 +61,6 @@ from .transpile import *
 from .types import *
 from .utils import *
 
-DEFAULT_FLOAT_DTYPE = torchfloat64
-DEFAULT_COMPLEX_DTYPE = cdouble
-set_default_dtype(DEFAULT_FLOAT_DTYPE)
-
-
 """Fetch the functions defined in the __all__ of each sub-module.
 
 Import to the qadence name space. Make sure each added submodule has the respective definition:

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backend.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from collections import Counter
 from dataclasses import dataclass, fields
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, Tuple
 
 from openfermion import QubitOperator
@@ -20,14 +21,13 @@ from qadence.blocks import (
 )
 from qadence.blocks.analog import ConstantAnalogRotation, InteractionBlock
 from qadence.circuit import QuantumCircuit
-from qadence.logger import get_logger
 from qadence.measurements import Measurements
 from qadence.mitigations import Mitigations
 from qadence.noise import Noise
 from qadence.parameters import stringify
 from qadence.types import ArrayLike, BackendName, DiffMode, Endianness, Engine, ParamDictType
 
-logger = get_logger(__file__)
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 @dataclass

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/adjoint.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from pyqtorch.circuit import QuantumCircuit as PyQCircuit
 from pyqtorch.parametric import Parametric as PyQParametric
 from pyqtorch.primitive import Primitive as PyQPrimitive
 from pyqtorch.utils import inner_prod, param_dict
-from torch import Tensor, no_grad, tensor
+from torch import Tensor, no_grad, zeros
 from torch.autograd import Function
 from torch.nn import Module
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class AdjointExpectation(Function):
                     ctx.projected_state, op.dagger(values), op.qubit_support
                 )
             elif isinstance(op, PyQCircuit):
-                grads = [g for sub_op in op.reverse() for g in _apply_adjoint(ctx, sub_op)]
+                grads = [g for sub_op in op.operations[::-1] for g in _apply_adjoint(ctx, sub_op)]
             elif isinstance(op, PyQPrimitive):
                 ctx.out_state = apply_operator(ctx.out_state, op.dagger(values), op.qubit_support)
                 if isinstance(op, PyQParametric) and values[op.param_name].requires_grad:
@@ -147,13 +147,17 @@ class AdjointExpectation(Function):
 
         grads = list(
             reversed(
-                [grad_out * g for op in ctx.circuit.reverse() for g in _apply_adjoint(ctx, op)]
+                [
+                    grad_out * g
+                    for op in ctx.circuit.operations[::-1]
+                    for g in _apply_adjoint(ctx, op)
+                ]
             )
         )
         num_grads = len(grads)
         num_params = len(ctx.saved_tensors)
         diff = num_params - num_grads
-        grads = grads + [tensor([0]) for _ in range(diff)]
+        grads = grads + [zeros(1, device=ctx.circuit.device) for _ in range(diff)]
         # Set observable grads to 0
         ctx.save_for_backward(*grads)
         return (None, None, None, None, *grads)

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/braket/backend.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import Counter
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ from qadence.backend import ConvertedCircuit, ConvertedObservable
 from qadence.backends.utils import to_list_of_dicts
 from qadence.blocks import AbstractBlock, block_to_tensor
 from qadence.circuit import QuantumCircuit
-from qadence.logger import get_logger
 from qadence.measurements import Measurements
 from qadence.mitigations import Mitigations
 from qadence.mitigations.protocols import apply_mitigation
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from qadence.utils import Endianness
 from .config import Configuration, default_passes
 from .convert_ops import convert_block
 
-logger = get_logger(__file__)
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def promote_parameters(parameters: dict[str, Tensor | float]) -> dict[str, float]:
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
     native_endianness: Endianness = Endianness.BIG
     config: Configuration = field(default_factory=Configuration)
     engine: Engine = Engine.TORCH
+    logger.debug("Initialised")
 
     # braket specifics
     # TODO: include it in the configuration?

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/braket/config.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Callable
 
 from qadence.backend import BackendConfiguration
-from qadence.logger import get_logger
 from qadence.transpile import digitalize, fill_identities
 
-logger = get_logger(__name__)
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
 
 default_passes: list[Callable] = [fill_identities, digitalize]
 

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/gpsr.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def general_psr(spectrum: Tensor, n_eqs: int | None = None, shift_prefac: float
     sorted_unique_spectral_gaps = torch.tensor(list(sorted_unique_spectral_gaps))
 
     if n_eqs == 1:
-        return partial(single_gap_psr, spectral_gap=sorted_unique_spectral_gaps.item())
+        return single_gap_psr
     else:
         return partial(
             multi_gap_psr,

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/horqrux/backend.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import Counter
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Any
 
 import jax
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ from qadence.utils import int_to_basis
 from .config import Configuration, default_passes
 from .convert_ops import HorqruxCircuit, convert_block, convert_observable
 
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True, eq=True)
 class Backend(BackendInterface):
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
     native_endianness: Endianness = Endianness.BIG
     config: Configuration = field(default_factory=Configuration)
     engine: Engine = Engine.JAX
+    logger.debug("Initialised")
 
     def circuit(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> ConvertedCircuit:
         passes = self.config.transpilation_passes
@@ -191,28 +195,6 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
         if n_shots < 1:
             raise ValueError("You can only call sample with n_shots>0.")
 
-        def _sample(
-            _probs: ArrayLike, n_shots: int, endianness: Endianness, n_qubits: int
-        ) -> Counter:
-            _logits = jax.vmap(lambda _p: jnp.log(_p / (1 - _p)))(_probs)
-
-            def _smple(accumulator: ArrayLike, i: int) -> tuple[ArrayLike, None]:
-                accumulator = accumulator.at[i].set(
-                    jax.random.categorical(jax.random.PRNGKey(i), _logits)
-                )
-                return accumulator, None
-
-            samples = jax.lax.scan(
-                _smple, jnp.empty_like(jnp.arange(n_shots)), jnp.arange(n_shots)
-            )[0]
-            return Counter(
-                {
-                    int_to_basis(k=k, n_qubits=n_qubits, endianness=endianness): count.item()
-                    for k, count in enumerate(jnp.bincount(samples))
-                    if count > 0
-                }
-            )
-
         wf = self.run(
             circuit=circuit,
             param_values=param_values,
@@ -221,16 +203,26 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
             unhorqify_state=False,
         )
         probs = jnp.abs(jnp.float_power(wf, 2.0)).ravel()
-        samples = [
-            _sample(
-                _probs=probs,
-                n_shots=n_shots,
-                endianness=endianness,
-                n_qubits=circuit.abstract.n_qubits,
-            ),
-        ]
+        key = jax.random.PRNGKey(0)
+        # JAX handles pseudo random number generation by tracking an explicit state via a random key
+        # For more details, see https://jax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/random-numbers.html
+        samples = jax.vmap(
+            lambda subkey: jax.random.choice(
+                key=subkey, a=jnp.arange(0, 2**circuit.abstract.n_qubits), p=probs
+            )
+        )(jax.random.split(key, n_shots))
 
-        return samples
+        return [
+            Counter(
+                {
+                    int_to_basis(
+                        k=k, n_qubits=circuit.abstract.n_qubits, endianness=endianness
+                    ): count.item()
+                    for k, count in enumerate(jnp.bincount(samples))
+                    if count > 0
+                }
+            )
+        ]
 
     def assign_parameters(self, circuit: ConvertedCircuit, param_values: ParamDictType) -> Any:
         raise NotImplementedError

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/horqrux/config.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Callable
 
 from qadence.analog import add_background_hamiltonian
 from qadence.backend import BackendConfiguration
-from qadence.logger import get_logger
 from qadence.transpile import (
     blockfn_to_circfn,
     flatten,
     scale_primitive_blocks_only,
 )
 
-logger = get_logger(__name__)
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def default_passes(config: Configuration) -> list[Callable]:

{qadence-1.5.2 → qadence-1.6.1}/qadence/backends/pulser/backend.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import Counter
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from logging import getLogger
 from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ import torch
 from pulser import Register as PulserRegister
 from pulser import Sequence
 from pulser_simulation import SimConfig
-from pulser_simulation.simresults import SimulationResults
+from pulser_simulation.simresults import CoherentResults, SimulationResults
 from pulser_simulation.simulation import QutipEmulator
 from torch import Tensor
 
@@ -19,7 +21,6 @@ from qadence.backend import ConvertedCircuit, ConvertedObservable
 from qadence.backends.utils import to_list_of_dicts
 from qadence.blocks import AbstractBlock
 from qadence.circuit import QuantumCircuit
-from qadence.logger import get_logger
 from qadence.measurements import Measurements
 from qadence.mitigations import Mitigations
 from qadence.mitigations.protocols import apply_mitigation
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ from .convert_ops import convert_observable
 from .devices import IdealDevice, RealisticDevice
 from .pulses import add_addressing_pattern, add_pulses
 
-logger = get_logger(__file__)
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def _convert_init_state(state: Tensor) -> np.ndarray:
@@ -70,27 +71,6 @@ def make_sequence(circ: QuantumCircuit, config: Configuration) -> Sequence:
             f"Specified device of type {device_specs.type} is not supported by the pulser backend."
         )
 
-    ########
-    # FIXME: Remove the block below in V1.5.0
-    if config.spacing is not None:
-        logger.warning(
-            "Passing register spacing in the backend configuration is deprecated. "
-            "Please pass it in the register directly, as detailed in the register tutorial."
-        )
-        # Rescales the register coordinates, as was done with the previous "spacing" argument.
-        qadence_register = qadence_register.rescale_coords(scaling=config.spacing)
-    else:
-        if qadence_register.min_distance < 4.0:
-            # Throws warning for minimum distance below 4 because the typical values used
-            # for the standard pulser device parameters is ~7-8, so this likely means the user
-            # forgot to set the spacing at register creation.
-            logger.warning(
-                "Register with distance between atoms smaller than 4µm detected. "
-                "Pulser backend no longer has a default spacing of 8µm applied to the register. "
-                "Make sure you set the desired spacing as detailed in the register tutorial."
-            )
-    ########
-
     pulser_register = create_register(qadence_register)
 
     sequence = Sequence(pulser_register, device)
@@ -160,6 +140,7 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
     native_endianness: Endianness = Endianness.BIG
     config: Configuration = field(default_factory=Configuration)
     engine: Engine = Engine.TORCH
+    logger.debug("Initialised")
 
     def circuit(self, circ: QuantumCircuit) -> Sequence:
         passes = self.config.transpilation_passes
@@ -250,30 +231,52 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
         self,
         circuit: ConvertedCircuit,
         noise: Noise,
-        param_values: dict[str, Tensor] = {},
+        param_values: dict[str, Tensor] = dict(),
         state: Tensor | None = None,
         endianness: Endianness = Endianness.BIG,
-    ) -> list:
+    ) -> Tensor:
         vals = to_list_of_dicts(param_values)
         noise_probs = noise.options.get("noise_probs", None)
         if noise_probs is None:
-            KeyError(f"A range of noise probabilies should be passed. Got {noise_probs}.")
-
-        noisy_batched_dm = []
+            KeyError("A `noise probs` option should be passed to the <class QuantumModel>.")
+        if not (isinstance(noise_probs, float) or isinstance(noise_probs, Iterable)):
+            KeyError(
+                "A single or a range of noise probabilities"
+                " should be passed. Got {type(noise_probs)}."
+            )
 
-        # Pulser requires numpy types.
-        for noise_prob in noise_probs.numpy():
-            batched_dm = []
-            sim_config = {"noise": noise.protocol, noise.protocol + "_prob": noise_prob}
+        def run_noisy_sim(noise_prob: float) -> Tensor:
+            batched_dm = np.zeros(
+                (len(vals), 2**circuit.abstract.n_qubits, 2**circuit.abstract.n_qubits),
+                dtype=np.complex128,
+            )
+            sim_config = {"noise": noise.protocol, noise.protocol + "_rate": noise_prob}
             self.config.sim_config = SimConfig(**sim_config)
 
             for i, param_values_el in enumerate(vals):
                 sequence = self.assign_parameters(circuit, param_values_el)
-                sim_result = simulate_sequence(sequence, self.config, state)
-                batched_dm.append(sim_result)
-            noisy_batched_dm.append(batched_dm)
+                sim_result: CoherentResults = simulate_sequence(sequence, self.config, state)
+                final_state = sim_result.get_final_state().data.toarray()
+                batched_dm[i] = np.flip(final_state)
+            return torch.from_numpy(batched_dm)
 
-        return noisy_batched_dm
+        # Pulser requires numpy types.
+        if isinstance(noise_probs, Iterable):
+            noisy_batched_dms = []
+            for noise_prob in noise_probs:
+                noisy_sim = run_noisy_sim(noise_prob)
+                if not param_values:
+                    noisy_sim = noisy_sim[0]
+                noisy_batched_dms.append(noisy_sim)
+            noisy_batched_dms = torch.stack(noisy_batched_dms)
+        else:
+            noisy_batched_dms = run_noisy_sim(noise_probs)
+
+        if endianness != self.native_endianness:
+            from qadence.transpile import invert_endianness
+
+            noisy_batched_dms = invert_endianness(noisy_batched_dms)
+        return noisy_batched_dms
 
     def sample(
         self,
@@ -327,14 +330,48 @@ class Backend(BackendInterface):
     ) -> Tensor:
         observable = observable if isinstance(observable, list) else [observable]
         if mitigation is None:
-            state = self.run(circuit, param_values=param_values, state=state, endianness=endianness)
-            support = sorted(list(circuit.abstract.register.support))
-            res_list = [
-                obs.native(state, param_values, qubit_support=support) for obs in observable
-            ]
-            res = torch.transpose(torch.stack(res_list), 0, 1)
-            res = res if len(res.shape) > 0 else res.reshape(1)
-            return res.real
+            if noise is None:
+                state = self.run(
+                    circuit, param_values=param_values, state=state, endianness=endianness
+                )
+                support = sorted(list(circuit.abstract.register.support))
+                res_list = [
+                    obs.native(state, param_values, qubit_support=support) for obs in observable
+                ]
+                res = torch.transpose(torch.stack(res_list), 0, 1)
+                res = res if len(res.shape) > 0 else res.reshape(1)
+                return res.real
+            elif noise is not None:
+                dms = self.run_dm(
+                    circuit=circuit,
+                    noise=noise,
+                    param_values=param_values,
+                    state=state,
+                    endianness=endianness,
+                )
+                support = sorted(list(circuit.abstract.register.support))
+                # TODO: There should be a better check for batched density matrices.
+                if dms.size()[0] > 1:
+                    res_list = [
+                        [
+                            obs.native(
+                                dm.squeeze(), param_values, qubit_support=support, noise=noise
+                            )
+                            for dm in dms
+                        ]
+                        for obs in observable
+                    ]
+                    res = torch.stack(
+                        [torch.transpose(torch.stack(res), 0, -1) for res in res_list]
+                    )
+
+                else:
+                    res_list = [
+                        obs.native(dms, param_values, qubit_support=support) for obs in observable
+                    ]
+                    res = torch.transpose(torch.stack(res_list), 0, 1)
+                res = res if len(res.shape) > 0 else res.reshape(1)
+                return res.real
         elif mitigation is not None:
             logger.warning(
                 "Mitigation protocol is deprecated. Use qadence-protocols instead.",