piecad 1.0.0__tar.gz

piecad-1.0.0/.gitignore

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+# Created by venv; see https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html
+*

piecad-1.0.0/LICENSE

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+The bulk of the code is covered by this license:
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Brian Sturgill
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+----
+
+The file `piecad/_poly_point_isect.py` has it's own license (located at the top of the file).
+
+----
+
+Fonts are covered by a separate license, see the License files in piecad/fonts for details.

piecad-1.0.0/Makefile

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+
+all: test docs
+
+docs:
+	black piecad/*.py tests/*.py doc_examples/*.example examples/*.py
+	rm -rf docs/*
+	pdoc3 --html piecad --force
+	(cd doc_examples; ./mk_doc_examples)
+	mv html/piecad docs
+	rmdir html
+
+test:
+	pytest tests --benchmark-disable
+
+benchmark:
+	pytest tests --benchmark-only
+
+savebenchmark:
+	(read -p "Benchmark Name: " -r NAME ; pytest tests --benchmark-only --benchmark-save=`date +%F`"$${NAME}" --benchmark-name=short)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f examples/*.obj

piecad-1.0.0/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: piecad
+Version: 1.0.0
+Summary: "Easy as Pie" CAD (Piecad)
+Author-email: Brian Sturgill <codersnext@gmail.com>
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Requires-Dist: trimesh >= 1.26.4
+Requires-Dist: fontPens >= 0.2.4
+Requires-Dist: fontTools >= 4.57.0
+Requires-Dist: manifold3d >= 3.0.1
+Requires-Dist: skia-pathops >= 0.8.0
+Project-URL: Home, https://github.com/briansturgill/Piecad

piecad-1.0.0/README.md

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+# "Easy as Pie" CAD (Piecad)
+
+For many years I used [OpenSCAD](https://www.openscad.org),
+but the functional language it uses was often a hinderance and its speed
+was poor. **Piecad** is my opinionted view of what a good, simple CAD API should look like.
+Its primary focus is the creation of models for 3D printing.
+
+[Documentation](https://briansturgill.github.io/Piecad)
+
+INSTALLATION IS STILL IN PROGRESS -- FINISHED SOON
+
+
+## CREDITS
+
+Piecad is based on [Manifold](https://github.com/elalish/manifold), a 3D CAD package written in C++.
+Manifold incorporates [Clipper2](https://github.com/AngusJohnson/Clipper2) for 2D objects.
+It also uses [`quickhull`](https://github.com/akuukka/quickhull) for 3d convex hulls.
+You can see Manifold's web site for other packages that are used.
+
+Piecad also uses [isect_segments-bentley_ottmann](https://github.com/ideasman42/isect_segments-bentley_ottmann)
+to check for polygon self intersections. Also, [fontTools](https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools) and [fontPens](https://github.com/robotools/fontPens) are used to support text.
+
+We include two fonts: `Hack-Regular.tts` and `Roboto-Regular.tts`, see `piecad/fonts` for the licenses.

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/cone.example

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+out = cone(10, 5, 0, 100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/cube.example

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+out = cube(10)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/cuboid.example

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+out = cube([10, 5, 8])

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/difference2d.example

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+c1 = circle(6)
+c2 = circle(4)
+out = difference(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/difference3d.example

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+c1 = cylinder(10, 6)
+c2 = cylinder(10, 4)
+out = difference(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/ellipsoid.example

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+out = ellipsoid((10, 5, 8), 100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/elliptical_cylinder.example

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+out = elliptical_cylinder(18, (8, 5), 100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/extrude.example

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+out = extrude(star(5, 4), 10)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/extrude_chaining.example

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+def sphere_from_chaining(radius, segs):
+    deg_per_seg = 180.0 / segs
+    hs = (3.141592653589793 * radius) / segs
+    l = []
+    l.append((-radius, circle(0.3, segs)))
+    h_sum = -radius
+    for i in range(1, segs - 1):
+        factor = sin(i * deg_per_seg)
+        r = radius * factor
+        h = hs * factor
+        h_sum += h
+        l.append((h_sum, circle(r, segs)))
+    l.append((radius, circle(0.3, segs)))
+
+    s = extrude_chaining(l, is_convex=True)
+    return s
+
+
+out = sphere_from_chaining(10, 60)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/extrude_transforming.example

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+o2 = difference(
+    rounded_rectangle([10, 9], 2), rounded_rectangle([8, 7], 1).translate([1, 1])
+).translate((-5, -4))
+out = extrude_transforming(o2, 16, num_twist_divisions=100, twist=180, scale=(2, 2))

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/geodesic_sphere.example

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+out = geodesic_sphere(17)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/hull2d.example

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+c1 = circle(3)
+c2 = circle(3).translate((7, 0))
+c3 = circle(3).translate((0, 7))
+out = hull(c1, c2, c3)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/hull3d.example

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+c1 = cylinder(10, 4)
+c2 = cylinder(10, 4).translate((5, 0, 0))
+c3 = cylinder(10, 4).translate((0, 5, 3))
+out = hull(c1, c2, c3)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/intersect2d.example

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+c1 = circle(6)
+c2 = circle(4).translate((6, 0))
+out = intersect(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/intersect3d.example

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+c1 = cylinder(10, 6)
+c2 = cylinder(10, 4).translate((6, 0, 0))
+out = intersect(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/mk_doc_examples

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+#!/bin/sh
+models="../html/piecad/models"
+examples="../html/piecad/examples"
+if [ ! -d $models ]; then
+	mkdir $models
+fi
+if [ ! -d $examples ]; then
+	mkdir $examples
+fi
+if [ ! -d tmp ]; then
+	mkdir tmp
+fi
+if [ ! -L tmp/piecad ]; then
+	ln -s ../../piecad tmp/piecad
+fi
+for f in *.example; do
+	echo $f
+	python process_example.py $f
+	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+		exit $?
+	fi
+done
+mv tmp/*.glb $models
+mv tmp/*.html $examples
+rm tmp/*.py
+rm tmp/piecad

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/polygon.example

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+paths = [
+    [(0.0, 0.0), (10.0, 0.0), (10.0, 10.0), (0.0, 10.0)],
+    [(2.0, 2.0), (8.0, 2.0), (8.0, 8.0), (2.0, 8.0)],
+    [(4.0, 4.0), (6.0, 4.0), (6.0, 6.0), (4.0, 6.0)],
+]
+out = polygon(paths).extrude(10)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/process_example.py

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+import sys
+import os
+
+if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    print("Should have 1 argument.")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+idx = sys.argv[1].rindex(".example")
+example_name=sys.argv[1][:idx]
+
+with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as f:
+    example_code = f.readlines()
+
+example_model = f"tmp/{example_name}.glb"
+example_creator = f"tmp/{example_name}.py"
+example_html = f"tmp/{example_name}.html"
+
+template = f"""
+<html>
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+<head>
+<style>
+body {{
+	background-color: lightblue;
+	color: black;
+}}
+pre {{
+    margin: 0;
+    text-align: left;
+}}
+.cd {{
+	padding-top: 0px;
+}}
+.mv {{
+	display: block;
+	margin-left: auto;
+	margin-right: auto;
+	width: 300px;
+}}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/3.4.0/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
+<!--link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.9.0/styles/default.min.css">-->
+<!--script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.9.0/highlight.min.js"></script>-->
+<!--script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.9.0/languages/python.min.js"></script>-->
+<!--script>hljs.highlightAll();</script>-->
+    <table width="100%">
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cd">
+<code>
+<pre>
+{"".join(example_code)}
+</pre>
+</code>
+    </td>
+		</tr>
+		<tr>
+    <td>
+		<div class="mv">
+    <model-viewer src="../models/{example_name}.glb" ar ar-scale="fixed" interaction-prompt="none" camera-controls touch-action="pan-y" disable-zoom alt="Output of code example." shadow-intensity="2" camera-orbit="0deg 180deg 0" xr-environment></model-viewer>
+		</div>
+    </td>
+    </tr>
+    </table>
+</body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+with open(example_html, "w") as f:
+    f.write(template)
+
+with open(example_creator, "w") as f:
+    f.write("from piecad import *\n")
+    f.write("".join(example_code))
+    f.write("if type(out) == Obj2d: out = out.extrude(0.2)\n")
+    f.write("out = out.color(\"khaki\")\n")
+    f.write(f"save(\"{example_model}\", out)\n")
+
+ret = os.system(f"python {example_creator}")
+sys.exit(0 if ret == 0 else 1)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/pyramid.example

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+out = pyramid(height=15, num_sides=4, radius=10)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/revolve.example

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+out = star(10, 5).translate([10, 0]).revolve(segments=100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/rounded_cuboid.example

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+out = rounded_cuboid((20, 16, 18), rounding_radius=3.0, segments=100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/rounded_cylinder.example

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+out = rounded_cylinder(18, 8, rounding_radius=3.0, segments=100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/sphere.example

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+out = sphere(17, 100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/torus.example

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+out = torus(outer_radius=10, inner_radius=6, segments=100)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/union2d.example

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+c1 = circle(6)
+c2 = circle(4).translate((6, 0))
+out = union(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/doc_examples/union3d.example

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+c1 = cylinder(10, 6)
+c2 = cylinder(10, 4).translate((6, 0, 0))
+out = union(c1, c2)

piecad-1.0.0/docs/bulk_ops.html

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+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1">
+<meta name="generator" content="pdoc3 0.11.6">
+<title>piecad.bulk_ops API documentation</title>
+<meta name="description" content="Miscellaneous bulk operations that work on multiple objects.">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/10up-sanitize.css/13.0.0/sanitize.min.css" integrity="sha512-y1dtMcuvtTMJc1yPgEqF0ZjQbhnc/bFhyvIyVNb9Zk5mIGtqVaAB1Ttl28su8AvFMOY0EwRbAe+HCLqj6W7/KA==" crossorigin>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/10up-sanitize.css/13.0.0/typography.min.css" integrity="sha512-Y1DYSb995BAfxobCkKepB1BqJJTPrOp3zPL74AWFugHHmmdcvO+C48WLrUOlhGMc0QG7AE3f7gmvvcrmX2fDoA==" crossorigin>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.9.0/styles/default.min.css" crossorigin>
+<style>:root{--highlight-color:#fe9}.flex{display:flex !important}body{line-height:1.5em}#content{padding:20px}#sidebar{padding:1.5em;overflow:hidden}#sidebar > *:last-child{margin-bottom:2cm}.http-server-breadcrumbs{font-size:130%;margin:0 0 15px 0}#footer{font-size:.75em;padding:5px 30px;border-top:1px solid #ddd;text-align:right}#footer p{margin:0 0 0 1em;display:inline-block}#footer p:last-child{margin-right:30px}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{font-weight:300}h1{font-size:2.5em;line-height:1.1em}h2{font-size:1.75em;margin:2em 0 .50em 0}h3{font-size:1.4em;margin:1.6em 0 .7em 0}h4{margin:0;font-size:105%}h1:target,h2:target,h3:target,h4:target,h5:target,h6:target{background:var(--highlight-color);padding:.2em 0}a{color:#058;text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s ease-in-out}a:visited{color:#503}a:hover{color:#b62}.title code{font-weight:bold}h2[id^="header-"]{margin-top:2em}.ident{color:#900;font-weight:bold}pre code{font-size:.8em;line-height:1.4em;padding:1em;display:block}code{background:#f3f3f3;font-family:"DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;padding:1px 4px;overflow-wrap:break-word}h1 code{background:transparent}pre{border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:1em 0}#http-server-module-list{display:flex;flex-flow:column}#http-server-module-list div{display:flex}#http-server-module-list dt{min-width:10%}#http-server-module-list p{margin-top:0}.toc ul,#index{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}#index code{background:transparent}#index h3{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd}#index ul{padding:0}#index h4{margin-top:.6em;font-weight:bold}@media (min-width:200ex){#index .two-column{column-count:2}}@media (min-width:300ex){#index .two-column{column-count:3}}dl{margin-bottom:2em}dl dl:last-child{margin-bottom:4em}dd{margin:0 0 1em 3em}#header-classes + dl > dd{margin-bottom:3em}dd dd{margin-left:2em}dd p{margin:10px 0}.name{background:#eee;font-size:.85em;padding:5px 10px;display:inline-block;min-width:40%}.name:hover{background:#e0e0e0}dt:target .name{background:var(--highlight-color)}.name > span:first-child{white-space:nowrap}.name.class > span:nth-child(2){margin-left:.4em}.inherited{color:#999;border-left:5px solid #eee;padding-left:1em}.inheritance em{font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}.desc h2{font-weight:400;font-size:1.25em}.desc h3{font-size:1em}.desc dt code{background:inherit}.source > summary,.git-link-div{color:#666;text-align:right;font-weight:400;font-size:.8em;text-transform:uppercase}.source summary > *{white-space:nowrap;cursor:pointer}.git-link{color:inherit;margin-left:1em}.source pre{max-height:500px;overflow:auto;margin:0}.source pre code{font-size:12px;overflow:visible;min-width:max-content}.hlist{list-style:none}.hlist li{display:inline}.hlist li:after{content:',\2002'}.hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.hlist .hlist{display:inline;padding-left:1em}img{max-width:100%}td{padding:0 .5em}.admonition{padding:.1em 1em;margin:1em 0}.admonition-title{font-weight:bold}.admonition.note,.admonition.info,.admonition.important{background:#aef}.admonition.todo,.admonition.versionadded,.admonition.tip,.admonition.hint{background:#dfd}.admonition.warning,.admonition.versionchanged,.admonition.deprecated{background:#fd4}.admonition.error,.admonition.danger,.admonition.caution{background:lightpink}</style>
+<style media="screen and (min-width: 700px)">@media screen and (min-width:700px){#sidebar{width:30%;height:100vh;overflow:auto;position:sticky;top:0}#content{width:70%;max-width:100ch;padding:3em 4em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}pre code{font-size:1em}.name{font-size:1em}main{display:flex;flex-direction:row-reverse;justify-content:flex-end}.toc ul ul,#index ul ul{padding-left:1em}.toc > ul > li{margin-top:.5em}}</style>
+<style media="print">@media print{#sidebar h1{page-break-before:always}.source{display:none}}@media print{*{background:transparent !important;color:#000 !important;box-shadow:none !important;text-shadow:none !important}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")";font-size:90%}a[href][title]:after{content:none}abbr[title]:after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}.ir a:after,a[href^="javascript:"]:after,a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}pre,blockquote{border:1px solid #999;page-break-inside:avoid}thead{display:table-header-group}tr,img{page-break-inside:avoid}img{max-width:100% !important}@page{margin:0.5cm}p,h2,h3{orphans:3;widows:3}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{page-break-after:avoid}}</style>
+<script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.9.0/highlight.min.js" integrity="sha512-D9gUyxqja7hBtkWpPWGt9wfbfaMGVt9gnyCvYa+jojwwPHLCzUm5i8rpk7vD7wNee9bA35eYIjobYPaQuKS1MQ==" crossorigin></script>
+<script>window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+hljs.configure({languages: ['bash', 'css', 'diff', 'graphql', 'ini', 'javascript', 'json', 'plaintext', 'python', 'python-repl', 'rust', 'shell', 'sql', 'typescript', 'xml', 'yaml']});
+hljs.highlightAll();
+/* Collapse source docstrings */
+setTimeout(() => {
+[...document.querySelectorAll('.hljs.language-python > .hljs-string')]
+.filter(el => el.innerHTML.length > 200 && ['"""', "'''"].includes(el.innerHTML.substring(0, 3)))
+.forEach(el => {
+let d = document.createElement('details');
+d.classList.add('hljs-string');
+d.innerHTML = '<summary>"""</summary>' + el.innerHTML.substring(3);
+el.replaceWith(d);
+});
+}, 100);
+})</script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<main>
+<article id="content">
+<header>
+<h1 class="title">Module <code>piecad.bulk_ops</code></h1>
+</header>
+<section id="section-intro">
+<h2 id="miscellaneous-bulk-operations-that-work-on-multiple-objects">Miscellaneous bulk operations that work on multiple objects.</h2>
+</section>
+<section>
+</section>
+<section>
+</section>
+<section>
+<h2 class="section-title" id="header-functions">Functions</h2>
+<dl>
+<dt id="piecad.bulk_ops.compose"><code class="name flex">
+<span>def <span class="ident">compose</span></span>(<span>*objs: <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a>) ‑> <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a></span>
+</code></dt>
+<dd>
+<details class="source">
+<summary>
+<span>Expand source code</span>
+</summary>
+<pre><code class="python">def compose(*objs: Obj2d | Obj3d) -&gt; Obj2d | Obj3d:
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    Returns a single object containing all the disjoint objects.
+
+    It is important that the objects not overlap.
+    This is for making a scene of a group of objects that can be saved as a single model.
+
+    If you want to combine two models into one model, see `union` below.
+
+    See the `decompose` method on `Obj2d` and `Obj3d` for the inverse operation.
+
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    ty = type(objs[0])
+    _chkGOTY(&#34;objs&#34;, ty)
+    if len(objs) == 0:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection()) if ty == Obj2d else Obj3d(_m.Manifold())
+    for o in objs:
+        if type(o) != ty:
+            raise ValidationError(&#34;Mixed types in parameter: objs.&#34;)
+    l = []
+    for o in objs:
+        l.append(o.mo)
+
+    if ty == Obj2d:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection.compose(l))
+    else:
+        return Obj3d(_m.Manifold.compose(l))</code></pre>
+</details>
+<div class="desc"><p>Returns a single object containing all the disjoint objects.</p>
+<p>It is important that the objects not overlap.
+This is for making a scene of a group of objects that can be saved as a single model.</p>
+<p>If you want to combine two models into one model, see <code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.union" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.union">union()</a></code> below.</p>
+<p>See the <code>decompose</code> method on <code>Obj2d</code> and <code>Obj3d</code> for the inverse operation.</p></div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="piecad.bulk_ops.difference"><code class="name flex">
+<span>def <span class="ident">difference</span></span>(<span>*objs: <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a>) ‑> <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a></span>
+</code></dt>
+<dd>
+<details class="source">
+<summary>
+<span>Expand source code</span>
+</summary>
+<pre><code class="python">def difference(*objs: Obj2d | Obj3d) -&gt; Obj2d | Obj3d:
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    Returns the object removing the second through the last objects from the first object.
+
+    In some packages this function might be called subtract
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/difference2d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/difference3d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    ty = type(objs[0])
+    _chkGOTY(&#34;objs&#34;, ty)
+    if len(objs) == 0:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection()) if ty == Obj2d else Obj3d(_m.Manifold())
+    for o in objs:
+        if type(o) != ty:
+            raise ValidationError(&#34;Mixed types in parameter: objs.&#34;)
+    if ty == Obj2d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Subtract))
+    elif ty == Obj3d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj3d(_m.Manifold.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Subtract))
+    else:
+        raise ValidationError(&#34;All objects must be of one type, Obj2d or Obj3d&#34;)</code></pre>
+</details>
+<div class="desc"><p>Returns the object removing the second through the last objects from the first object.</p>
+<p>In some packages this function might be called subtract</p>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/difference2d.html"></iframe>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/difference3d.html"></iframe></div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="piecad.bulk_ops.hull"><code class="name flex">
+<span>def <span class="ident">hull</span></span>(<span>*objs: <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a>) ‑> <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a></span>
+</code></dt>
+<dd>
+<details class="source">
+<summary>
+<span>Expand source code</span>
+</summary>
+<pre><code class="python">def hull(*objs: Obj2d | Obj3d) -&gt; Obj2d | Obj3d:
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    Return a convex hull of the given objects.
+
+    All objects must be of the same type (Obj2d or Obj3d).
+
+    The corresponding hull that is returned will be of the same type
+    as the input objects.
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/hull2d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/hull3d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    ty = type(objs[0])
+    _chkGOTY(&#34;objs&#34;, ty)
+    if len(objs) == 0:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection()) if ty == Obj2d else Obj3d(_m.Manifold())
+    for o in objs:
+        if type(o) != ty:
+            raise ValidationError(&#34;Mixed types in parameter: objs.&#34;)
+    if ty == Obj2d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection.batch_hull(l))
+    elif ty == Obj3d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj3d(_m.Manifold.batch_hull(l))
+    else:
+        raise ValidationError(&#34;All objects must be of one type, Obj2d or Obj3d&#34;)</code></pre>
+</details>
+<div class="desc"><p>Return a convex hull of the given objects.</p>
+<p>All objects must be of the same type (Obj2d or Obj3d).</p>
+<p>The corresponding hull that is returned will be of the same type
+as the input objects.</p>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/hull2d.html"></iframe>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/hull3d.html"></iframe></div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="piecad.bulk_ops.intersect"><code class="name flex">
+<span>def <span class="ident">intersect</span></span>(<span>*objs: <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a>) ‑> <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a></span>
+</code></dt>
+<dd>
+<details class="source">
+<summary>
+<span>Expand source code</span>
+</summary>
+<pre><code class="python">def intersect(*objs: Obj2d | Obj3d) -&gt; Obj2d | Obj3d:
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    Returns the object made by adding those portions that occur only in all `objs` together.
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/intersect2d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/intersect3d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    ty = type(objs[0])
+    _chkGOTY(&#34;objs&#34;, ty)
+    if len(objs) == 0:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection()) if ty == Obj2d else Obj3d(_m.Manifold())
+    for o in objs:
+        if type(o) != ty:
+            raise ValidationError(&#34;Mixed types in parameter: objs.&#34;)
+    if ty == Obj2d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Intersect))
+    elif ty == Obj3d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj3d(_m.Manifold.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Intersect))
+    else:
+        raise ValidationError(&#34;All objects must be of one type, Obj2d or Obj3d&#34;)</code></pre>
+</details>
+<div class="desc"><p>Returns the object made by adding those portions that occur only in all <code>objs</code> together.</p>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/intersect2d.html"></iframe>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/intersect3d.html"></iframe></div>
+</dd>
+<dt id="piecad.bulk_ops.union"><code class="name flex">
+<span>def <span class="ident">union</span></span>(<span>*objs: <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a>) ‑> <a title="piecad.Obj2d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj2d">Obj2d</a> | <a title="piecad.Obj3d" href="index.html#piecad.Obj3d">Obj3d</a></span>
+</code></dt>
+<dd>
+<details class="source">
+<summary>
+<span>Expand source code</span>
+</summary>
+<pre><code class="python">def union(*objs: Obj2d | Obj3d) -&gt; Obj2d | Obj3d:
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    Returns the object made by adding all the `objs` together.
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/union2d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+
+    &lt;iframe width=&#34;100%&#34; height=&#34;250&#34; src=&#34;examples/union3d.html&#34;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+    &#34;&#34;&#34;
+    ty = type(objs[0])
+    _chkGOTY(&#34;objs&#34;, ty)
+    if len(objs) == 0:
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection()) if ty == Obj2d else Obj3d(_m.Manifold())
+    for o in objs:
+        if type(o) != ty:
+            raise ValidationError(&#34;Mixed types in parameter: objs.&#34;)
+    if ty == Obj2d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj2d(_m.CrossSection.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Add))
+    elif ty == Obj3d:
+        l = []
+        for o in objs:
+            l.append(o.mo)
+        return Obj3d(_m.Manifold.batch_boolean(l, _m.OpType.Add))
+    else:
+        raise ValidationError(&#34;All objects must be of one type, Obj2d or Obj3d&#34;)</code></pre>
+</details>
+<div class="desc"><p>Returns the object made by adding all the <code>objs</code> together.</p>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/union2d.html"></iframe>
+<iframe width="100%" height="250" src="examples/union3d.html"></iframe></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section>
+</section>
+</article>
+<nav id="sidebar">
+<div class="toc">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#miscellaneous-bulk-operations-that-work-on-multiple-objects">Miscellaneous bulk operations that work on multiple objects.</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<ul id="index">
+<li><h3>Super-module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code><a title="piecad" href="index.html">piecad</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><h3><a href="#header-functions">Functions</a></h3>
+<ul class="">
+<li><code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.compose" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.compose">compose</a></code></li>
+<li><code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.difference" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.difference">difference</a></code></li>
+<li><code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.hull" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.hull">hull</a></code></li>
+<li><code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.intersect" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.intersect">intersect</a></code></li>
+<li><code><a title="piecad.bulk_ops.union" href="#piecad.bulk_ops.union">union</a></code></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</nav>
+</main>
+<footer id="footer">
+<p>Generated by <a href="https://pdoc3.github.io/pdoc" title="pdoc: Python API documentation generator"><cite>pdoc</cite> 0.11.6</a>.</p>
+</footer>
+</body>
+</html>