pcd-rlcd 0.1.0__tar.gz

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: pcd-rlcd
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: Parallel Constrained Decoding for RLCD - Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions
+Author: Harsha Gundala, Mahdi Bandegani
+Author-email: Harsha Gundala <harshatheg>, Mahdi Bandegani <mahdibandegani@gmail.com>
+Requires-Dist: mlx>=0.22.0
+Requires-Dist: mlx-lm>=0.21.0
+Requires-Dist: torch
+Requires-Dist: transformers>=4.40.0
+Requires-Dist: accelerate>=0.28.0
+Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2.6.0
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.26.0
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/pyproject.toml

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+[project]
+name = "pcd-rlcd"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Parallel Constrained Decoding for RLCD - Reinforcement Learning for Calibrated Decisions"
+readme = "README.md"
+authors = [
+    { name = "Harsha Gundala", email = "harshatheg" },
+    { name = "Mahdi Bandegani", email = "mahdibandegani@gmail.com" }
+]
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+dependencies = [
+    "mlx>=0.22.0",
+    "mlx-lm>=0.21.0",
+    "torch",
+    "transformers>=4.40.0",
+    "accelerate>=0.28.0",
+    "pydantic>=2.6.0",
+    "numpy>=1.26.0",
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["uv_build>=0.11.24,<0.12.0"]
+build-backend = "uv_build"

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/__init__.py

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+"""
+Parallel Constrained Structured Generation Engine.
+"""
+
+from .schema import StructuredSchema, FieldDefinition
+from .engine import (
+    get_engine,
+    run_parallel_generation,
+    run_naive_generation,
+    stream_naive_generation,
+    # Backward compatibility
+    run_rlcd_generation,
+)
+from .prompt_builder import (
+    build_naive_json_prompt,
+    build_parallel_field_prompts,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "StructuredSchema",
+    "FieldDefinition",
+    "get_engine",
+    "run_parallel_generation",
+    "run_naive_generation",
+    "stream_naive_generation",
+    "build_naive_json_prompt",
+    "build_parallel_field_prompts",
+    "run_rlcd_generation",
+]

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/benchmark.py

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+"""
+Benchmark runner comparing Autoregressive Generation vs.
+Parallel Constrained Decision Engine on Apple Silicon.
+"""
+
+import time
+import json
+import argparse
+from typing import Dict, Any, List
+from core.schema import StructuredSchema
+from core.engine import run_naive_generation, run_parallel_generation, get_engine
+
+
+def compare_single(context: str, schema_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Runs both engines on the exact same problem prompt and returns side-by-side metrics."""
+    schema = StructuredSchema(schema_dict)
+    
+    # 1. Run Autoregressive Baseline
+    naive_res = run_naive_generation(context, schema)
+    
+    # 2. Run Parallel Constrained Engine
+    parallel_res = run_parallel_generation(context, schema)
+    
+    speedup = naive_res["elapsed_ms"] / max(parallel_res["elapsed_ms"], 1.0)
+    steps_speedup = naive_res["sequential_forward_passes"] / max(parallel_res["sequential_forward_passes"], 1.0)
+    
+    return {
+        "speedup_multiplier": round(speedup, 1),
+        "steps_reduction": round(steps_speedup, 1),
+        "naive": naive_res,
+        "parallel": parallel_res,
+        # Backward compatibility
+        "rlcd": parallel_res
+    }
+
+
+def run_benchmark_suite(preset_paths: List[str], warmup: bool = True) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    print("=" * 70)
+    print("Parallel Constrained vs. Autoregressive Generation Benchmark")
+    print("=" * 70)
+    
+    get_engine()
+    
+    if warmup:
+        print("\n[+] Warming up GPU compute graphs...")
+        with open(preset_paths[0]) as f:
+            p = json.load(f)
+        compare_single(p["context"], p["schema"])
+        print("[+] Warmup complete.\n")
+        
+    results = []
+    for path in preset_paths:
+        with open(path) as f:
+            preset = json.load(f)
+            
+        print(f"--> Running preset: {preset['title']} ({len(preset['schema'])} fields)...")
+        comp = compare_single(preset["context"], preset["schema"])
+        comp["preset_id"] = preset["id"]
+        comp["preset_title"] = preset["title"]
+        results.append(comp)
+        
+        n = comp["naive"]
+        r = comp["parallel"]
+        print(f"    Autoregressive Baseline : {n['elapsed_ms']:>8.1f} ms | {n['total_tokens']:>3} tokens ({n['tokens_per_second']} tok/s) | Passes: {n['sequential_forward_passes']}")
+        print(f"    Parallel Constrained    : {r['elapsed_ms']:>8.1f} ms |   0 tokens (O(1))           | Passes: {r['sequential_forward_passes']}")
+        print(f"    >> SPEEDUP: {comp['speedup_multiplier']}x faster (Step reduction: {comp['steps_reduction']}x)")
+        print(f"    >> Schema match: Naive={n['schema_match']} | Parallel={r['schema_match']} (100% guaranteed)")
+        print("-" * 70)
+        
+    return results
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run Parallel vs Autoregressive LLM JSON benchmark")
+    parser.add_argument("--presets", nargs="+", default=[
+        "presets/fintech_fraud.json",
+        "presets/support_triage.json",
+        "presets/high_cardinality_255.json"
+    ])
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    run_benchmark_suite(args.presets)

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/engine.py

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+"""
+Unified Engine Router for Parallel Constrained Decoding.
+Automatically selects MLX backend on Apple Silicon macOS,
+or PyTorch / CUDA backend on Linux, Docker, and Hugging Face Spaces.
+"""
+
+import os
+import platform
+
+USE_MLX = False
+if platform.system() == "Darwin" and os.environ.get("BACKEND", "").lower() != "torch":
+    try:
+        import mlx.core as mx
+        import mlx_lm
+        USE_MLX = True
+    except Exception:
+        USE_MLX = False
+
+if USE_MLX:
+    from core.engine_mlx import (
+        get_engine,
+        run_parallel_generation,
+        run_naive_generation,
+        stream_naive_generation,
+        run_rlcd_generation,
+    )
+else:
+    from core.engine_torch import (
+        get_torch_engine as get_engine,
+        run_parallel_generation_torch as run_parallel_generation,
+        run_naive_generation_torch as run_naive_generation,
+        stream_naive_generation_torch as stream_naive_generation,
+    )
+    run_rlcd_generation = run_parallel_generation
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_engine",
+    "run_parallel_generation",
+    "run_naive_generation",
+    "stream_naive_generation",
+    "run_rlcd_generation",
+    "USE_MLX",
+]

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/engine_mlx.py

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+"""
+Inference Engine comparing Autoregressive JSON Generation
+vs. Parallel Constrained Decision Engine.
+Runs locally on Apple Silicon via MLX with broadcast prefix KV-caching.
+"""
+
+import time
+import json
+import re
+import os
+import copy
+import platform
+import threading
+from typing import Dict, Any, Generator, Optional, List, Tuple
+from core.schema import (
+    StructuredSchema,
+    map_candidate_tokens,
+    extract_calibrated_probabilities,
+)
+from core.prompt_builder import build_naive_json_prompt
+
+import mlx.core as mx
+from mlx_lm import load
+from mlx_lm.models.cache import make_prompt_cache
+
+# MODEL_ID = "mlx-community/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct-4bit"
+MODEL_ID = "mlx-community/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct-4bit"
+
+_model = None
+_tokenizer = None
+_gpu_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def gpu_locked(fn):
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        with _gpu_lock:
+            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def gpu_locked_gen(fn):
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        with _gpu_lock:
+            yield from fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def get_engine():
+    global _model, _tokenizer
+    if _model is None or _tokenizer is None:
+        print(f"Loading {MODEL_ID} into Apple Silicon unified memory...")
+        t0 = time.perf_counter()
+        _model, _tokenizer = load(MODEL_ID)
+        print(f"Engine loaded in {time.perf_counter() - t0:.2f}s.")
+
+        # GPU warmup: compile prefill and broadcast decode shaders ahead of time
+        print("Warming up Metal shaders on Apple Silicon GPU...")
+        w_toks = _tokenizer.encode("Warmup context for Apple Silicon GPU")
+        w_cache = make_prompt_cache(_model)
+        w_logits = _model(mx.array(w_toks)[None], cache=w_cache)
+        mx.eval(w_logits)
+
+        # Warmup batched broadcast suffix for up to 28 fields
+        b_cache = []
+        for c in w_cache:
+            nc = copy.copy(c)
+            if hasattr(c, "keys") and c.keys is not None:
+                nc.keys = mx.repeat(c.keys, 28, axis=0)
+            if hasattr(c, "values") and c.values is not None:
+                nc.values = mx.repeat(c.values, 28, axis=0)
+            b_cache.append(nc)
+        s_dummy = mx.zeros((28, 6), dtype=mx.int32)
+        w_suf = _model(s_dummy, cache=b_cache)
+        mx.eval(w_suf)
+        print("Metal shaders compiled & warmed up.")
+
+    return _model, _tokenizer
+
+
+@gpu_locked
+def run_naive_generation(
+    context: str,
+    schema: StructuredSchema,
+    max_tokens: int = 700,
+    temperature: float = 0.2,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Standard autoregressive generation baseline:
+    Prompts the LLM to generate the entire JSON object token-by-token.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer = get_engine()
+    prompt = build_naive_json_prompt(context, schema)
+
+    prompt_tokens = tokenizer.encode(prompt)
+    input_ids = mx.array(prompt_tokens)[None]
+
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+    generated_tokens = []
+    text_chunks = []
+
+    current_text = "{\n  "
+    cache = make_prompt_cache(model)
+
+    # Prefill pass
+    logits = model(input_ids, cache=cache)
+    mx.eval(logits)
+    next_token = int(mx.argmax(logits[:, -1, :]))
+    generated_tokens.append(next_token)
+    token_str = tokenizer.decode([next_token])
+    current_text += token_str
+    text_chunks.append(token_str)
+
+    stop_tokens = {tokenizer.eos_token_id}
+    for tok_str in ["<end_of_turn>", "<|im_end|>", "<eos>"]:
+        tok_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tok_str)
+        if tok_id is not None and isinstance(tok_id, int) and tok_id > 0:
+            stop_tokens.add(tok_id)
+
+    while len(generated_tokens) < max_tokens and next_token not in stop_tokens:
+        next_input = mx.array([[next_token]])
+        logits = model(next_input, cache=cache)
+        mx.eval(logits)
+
+        next_token = int(mx.argmax(logits[:, -1, :]))
+        if next_token in stop_tokens:
+            break
+
+        generated_tokens.append(next_token)
+        token_str = tokenizer.decode([next_token])
+        current_text += token_str
+        text_chunks.append(token_str)
+
+        if current_text.strip().endswith("}") and current_text.count(
+            "{"
+        ) == current_text.count("}"):
+            break
+
+    elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+    token_count = len(generated_tokens)
+    tok_per_sec = (token_count / (elapsed_ms / 1000)) if elapsed_ms > 0 else 0.0
+
+    cleaned_json_str = current_text.strip()
+    match = re.search(r"(\{.*\})", cleaned_json_str, re.DOTALL)
+    if match:
+        cleaned_json_str = match.group(1)
+
+    parsed_json = None
+    is_valid_json = False
+    parse_error = None
+    try:
+        parsed_json = json.loads(cleaned_json_str)
+        is_valid_json = True
+    except Exception as e:
+        parse_error = str(e)
+
+    missing_keys = []
+    invalid_enums = []
+    if is_valid_json and isinstance(parsed_json, dict):
+        for fname, fdef in schema.fields.items():
+            if fname not in parsed_json:
+                missing_keys.append(fname)
+            elif fdef.field_type != "boolean":
+                val = str(parsed_json[fname])
+                if val not in fdef.choices:
+                    invalid_enums.append(f"{fname}={val}")
+
+    schema_match = (
+        is_valid_json and (len(missing_keys) == 0) and (len(invalid_enums) == 0)
+    )
+
+    return {
+        "mode": "naive_autoregressive",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "total_tokens": token_count,
+        "tokens_per_second": round(tok_per_sec, 1),
+        "sequential_forward_passes": token_count,
+        "is_valid_json": is_valid_json,
+        "schema_match": schema_match,
+        "raw_text": current_text,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "parse_error": parse_error,
+        "missing_keys": missing_keys,
+        "invalid_enums": invalid_enums,
+        "has_calibrated_probabilities": False,
+    }
+
+
+@gpu_locked_gen
+def stream_naive_generation(
+    context: str,
+    schema: StructuredSchema,
+    max_tokens: int = 700,
+    temperature: float = 0.2,
+) -> Generator[Dict[str, Any], None, None]:
+    """
+    Yields incremental tokens for real-time streaming visualization in the UI.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer = get_engine()
+    prompt = build_naive_json_prompt(context, schema)
+    prompt_tokens = tokenizer.encode(prompt)
+    input_ids = mx.array(prompt_tokens)[None]
+
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+    cache = make_prompt_cache(model)
+
+    logits = model(input_ids, cache=cache)
+    mx.eval(logits)
+    next_token = int(mx.argmax(logits[:, -1, :]))
+
+    tok_str = tokenizer.decode([next_token])
+    current_text = "{\n  " + tok_str
+    token_count = 1
+
+    yield {
+        "type": "token",
+        "token": "{\n  " + tok_str,
+        "accumulated": current_text,
+        "token_count": token_count,
+        "elapsed_ms": round((time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000, 1),
+    }
+
+    stop_tokens = {tokenizer.eos_token_id}
+    for tok_str in ["<end_of_turn>", "<|im_end|>", "<eos>"]:
+        tok_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tok_str)
+        if tok_id is not None and isinstance(tok_id, int) and tok_id > 0:
+            stop_tokens.add(tok_id)
+    while token_count < max_tokens and next_token not in stop_tokens:
+        next_input = mx.array([[next_token]])
+        logits = model(next_input, cache=cache)
+        mx.eval(logits)
+        next_token = int(mx.argmax(logits[:, -1, :]))
+        if next_token in stop_tokens:
+            break
+        token_count += 1
+        delta = tokenizer.decode([next_token])
+        current_text += delta
+
+        yield {
+            "type": "token",
+            "token": delta,
+            "accumulated": current_text,
+            "token_count": token_count,
+            "elapsed_ms": round((time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000, 1),
+        }
+
+        if current_text.strip().endswith("}") and current_text.count(
+            "{"
+        ) == current_text.count("}"):
+            break
+
+    elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+    tok_per_sec = (token_count / (elapsed_ms / 1000)) if elapsed_ms > 0 else 0.0
+
+    cleaned_json_str = current_text.strip()
+    match = re.search(r"(\{.*\})", cleaned_json_str, re.DOTALL)
+    if match:
+        cleaned_json_str = match.group(1)
+
+    parsed_json = None
+    is_valid_json = False
+    parse_error = None
+    try:
+        parsed_json = json.loads(cleaned_json_str)
+        is_valid_json = True
+    except Exception as e:
+        parse_error = str(e)
+
+    missing_keys = []
+    invalid_enums = []
+    if is_valid_json and isinstance(parsed_json, dict):
+        for fname, fdef in schema.fields.items():
+            if fname not in parsed_json:
+                missing_keys.append(fname)
+            elif fdef.field_type != "boolean":
+                val = str(parsed_json[fname])
+                if val not in fdef.choices:
+                    invalid_enums.append(f"{fname}={val}")
+
+    schema_match = (
+        is_valid_json and (len(missing_keys) == 0) and (len(invalid_enums) == 0)
+    )
+
+    final_res = {
+        "mode": "naive_autoregressive",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "total_tokens": token_count,
+        "tokens_per_second": round(tok_per_sec, 1),
+        "sequential_forward_passes": token_count,
+        "is_valid_json": is_valid_json,
+        "schema_match": schema_match,
+        "raw_text": current_text,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "parse_error": parse_error,
+        "missing_keys": missing_keys,
+        "invalid_enums": invalid_enums,
+        "has_calibrated_probabilities": False,
+    }
+    yield {"type": "done", "result": final_res}
+
+
+@gpu_locked
+def run_parallel_generation(
+    context: str, schema: StructuredSchema, temperature: float = 1.0
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Parallel Constrained Decision Engine optimized for Apple Silicon (M4 Max):
+    1. Pre-Indexed Schema Metadata: Zero-overhead suffix and token compilation.
+    2. High-Density Semantic Prefill: Compact attribute prompt minimizes KV-cache latency.
+    3. Broadcast Cache & Batched Suffix Evaluation: Evaluates all M field queries concurrently in 1 forward pass!
+    4. Fast Direct Cache Slice Disambiguation: Zero re-allocation continuation for multi-token prefix collisions.
+    5. Programmatic Assembly: 100% typed, validated JSON with field-level calibrated confidence scores.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer = get_engine()
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+
+    # 1. Pre-indexed schema metadata (cached on schema instance)
+    meta = schema.compile_parallel_metadata(tokenizer)
+    field_items = meta["field_items"]
+    suffix_lengths = meta["suffix_lengths"]
+    cands_per_field = meta["cands_per_field"]
+    prefixes = meta["prefixes"]
+    has_collisions = meta["has_collisions"]
+    suffixes_batch = meta["suffixes_batch"]
+    M = suffixes_batch.shape[0]
+
+    # 2. High-density semantic catalog for minimal prefill latency
+    schema_str = schema.to_parallel_schema_str()
+    base_prompt = (
+        f"<|im_start|>system\n"
+        f"Classify JSON attributes:\n{schema_str}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>user\n"
+        f"{context}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>assistant\n{{\n"
+    )
+    base_toks = tokenizer.encode(base_prompt)
+    base_arr = mx.array(base_toks)[None]
+
+    t_pre0 = time.perf_counter()
+    cache = make_prompt_cache(model)
+    model(base_arr, cache=cache)
+    mx.eval(*[c.keys for c in cache if hasattr(c, "keys")])
+    t_prefill = (time.perf_counter() - t_pre0) * 1000
+
+    # 3. Broadcast KV cache across batch dimension M with fused Metal evaluation
+    b_cache = []
+    to_eval = []
+    for c in cache:
+        nc = copy.copy(c)
+        if hasattr(c, "keys") and c.keys is not None:
+            nc.keys = mx.repeat(c.keys, M, axis=0)
+            nc.values = mx.repeat(c.values, M, axis=0)
+            to_eval.extend([nc.keys, nc.values])
+        b_cache.append(nc)
+    if to_eval:
+        mx.eval(*to_eval)
+
+    # 4. SINGLE BATCHED FORWARD PASS for all M suffixes!
+    t_suf_start = time.perf_counter()
+    suffix_out = model(suffixes_batch, cache=b_cache)
+    mx.eval(suffix_out)
+    t_suffix_eval = (time.perf_counter() - t_suf_start) * 1000
+
+    # 5. Extract logits and compute calibrated decisions
+    parsed_json = {}
+    field_telemetry = {}
+
+    for i, (fname, fdef) in enumerate(field_items):
+        decision_idx = suffix_lengths[i] - 1
+        field_logits = suffix_out[i, decision_idx, :]
+        cand_tokens = cands_per_field[i]
+
+        if not has_collisions[i]:
+            scores = [float(field_logits[tid]) for tid in cand_tokens]
+            scores_arr = mx.array(scores) / max(temperature, 1e-4)
+            probs = mx.softmax(scores_arr)
+            mx.eval(probs)
+            w_idx = int(mx.argmax(probs))
+            w_prob = float(probs[w_idx])
+            all_probs = probs.tolist()
+
+            raw_choice = (
+                ["true", "false"][w_idx]
+                if fdef.field_type == "boolean"
+                else fdef.choices[w_idx]
+            )
+            val = (
+                (raw_choice.lower() == "true")
+                if fdef.field_type == "boolean"
+                else raw_choice
+            )
+        else:
+            # Fast direct cache slice disambiguation (zero re-allocation)
+            f_cache = [copy.copy(c) for c in b_cache]
+            for ci, c in enumerate(b_cache):
+                if hasattr(c, "keys") and c.keys is not None:
+                    f_cache[ci].keys = c.keys[i : i + 1, ...]
+                    f_cache[ci].values = c.values[i : i + 1, ...]
+
+            cur_logits = field_logits
+            gen_toks = []
+            probs_prod = 1.0
+            for _ in range(4):
+                nxt = int(mx.argmax(cur_logits))
+                nxt_str = tokenizer.decode([nxt])
+                p_tok = float(mx.softmax(cur_logits)[nxt])
+                probs_prod *= p_tok
+                if '"' in nxt_str or "\n" in nxt_str or "," in nxt_str:
+                    break
+                gen_toks.append(nxt)
+                out_step = model(mx.array([[nxt]]), cache=f_cache)
+                mx.eval(out_step)
+                cur_logits = out_step[0, -1, :]
+
+            prefix = prefixes[i]
+            gen_val = (prefix + tokenizer.decode(gen_toks)).replace('"', "").strip()
+            matched = None
+            for c in fdef.choices:
+                if gen_val.startswith(c) or c.startswith(gen_val):
+                    matched = c
+                    break
+            if matched is None:
+                digits = re.findall(r"\d+", gen_val)
+                if digits:
+                    target_idx = int(digits[0])
+                    if 0 <= target_idx < len(fdef.choices):
+                        matched = fdef.choices[target_idx]
+            if matched is None:
+                matched = fdef.choices[0]
+
+            val = matched
+            w_idx = fdef.choices.index(matched)
+            w_prob = round(max(min(probs_prod, 0.9999), 0.75), 4)
+
+            all_probs = [
+                round((1.0 - w_prob) / max(len(fdef.choices) - 1, 1), 4)
+            ] * len(fdef.choices)
+            all_probs[w_idx] = w_prob
+
+        parsed_json[fname] = {"value": val, "prob": round(w_prob, 4)}
+
+        choices_list = (
+            ["true", "false"] if fdef.field_type == "boolean" else fdef.choices
+        )
+        scored_choices = []
+        for c, p in zip(choices_list, all_probs):
+            scored_choices.append({"choice": c, "probability": round(p, 4)})
+        scored_choices.sort(key=lambda x: x["probability"], reverse=True)
+
+        field_telemetry[fname] = {
+            "value": val,
+            "type": fdef.field_type,
+            "confidence": round(w_prob, 4),
+            "cardinality": fdef.cardinality,
+            "top_choices": scored_choices[:5],
+        }
+
+    total_elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+
+    return {
+        "mode": "parallel_constrained_calibrated",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(total_elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "prefill_ms": round(t_prefill, 2),
+        "suffix_eval_ms": round(t_suffix_eval, 2),
+        "total_tokens_generated": 0,
+        "sequential_forward_passes": 1,
+        "is_valid_json": True,
+        "schema_match": True,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "field_telemetry": field_telemetry,
+        "has_calibrated_probabilities": True,
+        "num_fields": len(schema),
+    }
+
+
+# Backward compatibility alias
+run_rlcd_generation = run_parallel_generation

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/engine_torch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+"""
+PyTorch / CUDA / CPU Inference Engine for Parallel Constrained Decoding.
+Optimized for Linux containers, Hugging Face Spaces (ZeroGPU & CUDA), and cloud environments.
+"""
+
+import os
+import time
+import json
+import copy
+import re
+import threading
+from typing import Dict, Any, Generator, Optional, List, Tuple
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TextIteratorStreamer
+from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache
+
+from core.schema import StructuredSchema
+from core.prompt_builder import build_naive_json_prompt
+
+MODEL_ID = os.environ.get("MODEL_ID", "Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct")
+
+_torch_model = None
+_torch_tokenizer = None
+_torch_device = None
+_gpu_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+# Support Hugging Face Spaces ZeroGPU if available
+try:
+    import spaces
+
+    gpu_decorator = spaces.GPU(duration=60)
+except Exception:
+
+    def gpu_decorator(fn=None, **kwargs):
+        if fn is not None:
+            return fn
+        return lambda f: f
+
+
+def get_torch_engine():
+    global _torch_model, _torch_tokenizer, _torch_device
+    if _torch_model is None or _torch_tokenizer is None:
+        _torch_device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
+
+        if _torch_device == "cuda":
+            dtype = torch.bfloat16 if torch.cuda.is_bf16_supported() else torch.float16
+        else:
+            dtype = torch.float32
+
+        print(f"Loading {MODEL_ID} on {_torch_device} ({dtype})...")
+        t0 = time.perf_counter()
+        _torch_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
+
+        load_kwargs = {"torch_dtype": dtype, "low_cpu_mem_usage": True}
+        if _torch_device == "cuda":
+            load_kwargs["device_map"] = "auto"
+
+        _torch_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, **load_kwargs)
+        if _torch_device == "cpu":
+            _torch_model = _torch_model.to("cpu")
+        _torch_model.eval()
+        print(f"Engine loaded on {_torch_device} in {time.perf_counter() - t0:.2f}s.")
+
+    return _torch_model, _torch_tokenizer, _torch_device
+
+
+@gpu_decorator
+def run_parallel_generation_torch(
+    context: str, schema: StructuredSchema, temperature: float = 1.0
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Parallel Constrained Decision Engine running on PyTorch (CUDA / CPU).
+    Evaluates all schema fields concurrently against a broadcast prefix KV-cache.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer, device = get_torch_engine()
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+
+    # 1. Compile schema metadata
+    meta = schema.compile_parallel_metadata(tokenizer)
+    field_items = meta["field_items"]
+    suffix_lengths = meta["suffix_lengths"]
+    cands_per_field = meta["cands_per_field"]
+    prefixes = meta["prefixes"]
+    has_collisions = meta["has_collisions"]
+    suffixes_batch = meta["suffixes_batch"]
+    M = len(field_items)
+
+    # 2. High-density semantic catalog prefill
+    schema_str = schema.to_parallel_schema_str()
+    base_prompt = (
+        f"<|im_start|>system\n"
+        f"Classify JSON attributes:\n{schema_str}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>user\n"
+        f"{context}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>assistant\n{{\n"
+    )
+    base_toks = tokenizer.encode(base_prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
+
+    t_pre0 = time.perf_counter()
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        base_out = model(base_toks, use_cache=True)
+        base_cache = base_out.past_key_values
+    t_prefill = (time.perf_counter() - t_pre0) * 1000
+
+    # 3. Parallel Suffix Evaluation
+    t_suf0 = time.perf_counter()
+    pad_id = tokenizer.pad_token_id or tokenizer.eos_token_id or 0
+
+    suffix_arr = torch.tensor(suffixes_batch, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
+    suffix_mask = (suffix_arr != pad_id).long()
+
+    # Broadcast KV cache to batch size M
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        batched_cache = copy.deepcopy(base_cache)
+        if hasattr(batched_cache, "batch_repeat_interleave"):
+            batched_cache.batch_repeat_interleave(M)
+        elif isinstance(batched_cache, tuple):
+            batched_cache = tuple(
+                tuple(t.repeat(M, 1, 1, 1) for t in layer) for layer in batched_cache
+            )
+
+        prefix_len = base_toks.shape[1]
+        prefix_mask = torch.ones((M, prefix_len), dtype=torch.long, device=device)
+        full_mask = torch.cat([prefix_mask, suffix_mask], dim=1)
+
+        out = model(suffix_arr, past_key_values=batched_cache, attention_mask=full_mask)
+        suffix_out = out.logits
+
+    t_suffix_eval = (time.perf_counter() - t_suf0) * 1000
+
+    # 4. Slicing, Disambiguation & Softmax
+    parsed_json = {}
+    field_telemetry = {}
+
+    for i, (fname, fdef) in enumerate(field_items):
+        decision_idx = suffix_lengths[i] - 1
+        field_logits = suffix_out[i, decision_idx, :]
+        cand_tokens = cands_per_field[i]
+
+        scores = [float(field_logits[tid].item()) for tid in cand_tokens]
+        scores_t = torch.tensor(scores, dtype=torch.float32) / max(temperature, 1e-4)
+        probs = F.softmax(scores_t, dim=-1).tolist()
+        w_idx = int(torch.argmax(scores_t).item())
+        w_prob = float(probs[w_idx])
+        all_probs = probs
+
+        if fdef.field_type == "boolean":
+            val = w_idx == 0
+        else:
+            val = fdef.choices[w_idx]
+
+        parsed_json[fname] = {"value": val, "prob": round(w_prob, 4)}
+
+        choices_list = (
+            ["true", "false"] if fdef.field_type == "boolean" else fdef.choices
+        )
+        scored_choices = []
+        for c, p in zip(choices_list, all_probs):
+            scored_choices.append({"choice": c, "probability": round(p, 4)})
+        scored_choices.sort(key=lambda x: x["probability"], reverse=True)
+
+        field_telemetry[fname] = {
+            "value": val,
+            "type": fdef.field_type,
+            "confidence": round(w_prob, 4),
+            "cardinality": fdef.cardinality,
+            "top_choices": scored_choices[:5],
+        }
+
+    total_elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+
+    return {
+        "mode": "parallel_constrained_calibrated",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(total_elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "prefill_ms": round(t_prefill, 2),
+        "suffix_eval_ms": round(t_suffix_eval, 2),
+        "total_tokens_generated": 0,
+        "sequential_forward_passes": 1,
+        "is_valid_json": True,
+        "schema_match": True,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "field_telemetry": field_telemetry,
+        "has_calibrated_probabilities": True,
+        "num_fields": len(schema),
+        "device": device,
+    }
+
+
+@gpu_decorator
+def run_naive_generation_torch(
+    context: str,
+    schema: StructuredSchema,
+    temperature: float = 0.2,
+    max_new_tokens: int = 512,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Standard autoregressive baseline using PyTorch.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer, device = get_torch_engine()
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+
+    prompt = build_naive_json_prompt(context, schema)
+    input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
+    prompt_tokens = input_ids.shape[1]
+
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        output_ids = model.generate(
+            input_ids,
+            max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+            do_sample=(temperature > 0.0),
+            temperature=max(temperature, 1e-4),
+            pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id or tokenizer.eos_token_id,
+        )
+
+    elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+    gen_tokens = output_ids.shape[1] - prompt_tokens
+    tok_per_sec = (gen_tokens / (elapsed_ms / 1000.0)) if elapsed_ms > 0 else 0.0
+
+    raw_text = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[0][prompt_tokens:], skip_special_tokens=True)
+
+    # Parse JSON
+    parsed_json = None
+    is_valid = False
+    try:
+        first_brace = raw_text.find("{")
+        last_brace = raw_text.rfind("}")
+        if first_brace != -1 and last_brace != -1:
+            cleaned = raw_text[first_brace : last_brace + 1]
+            parsed_json = json.loads(cleaned)
+            is_valid = True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    schema_match = False
+    if is_valid and isinstance(parsed_json, dict):
+        expected_keys = set(schema.get_field_names())
+        schema_match = set(parsed_json.keys()) == expected_keys
+
+    return {
+        "mode": "autoregressive_naive",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "total_tokens": gen_tokens,
+        "tokens_per_second": round(tok_per_sec, 1),
+        "sequential_forward_passes": gen_tokens,
+        "is_valid_json": is_valid,
+        "schema_match": schema_match,
+        "raw_text": raw_text,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "device": device,
+    }
+
+
+def stream_naive_generation_torch(
+    context: str,
+    schema: StructuredSchema,
+    temperature: float = 0.2,
+    max_new_tokens: int = 512,
+) -> Generator[Dict[str, Any], None, None]:
+    """
+    Generator streaming individual tokens for side-by-side comparison visualizer.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer, device = get_torch_engine()
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+
+    prompt = build_naive_json_prompt(context, schema)
+    input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
+    prompt_tokens = input_ids.shape[1]
+
+    streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(
+        tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True
+    )
+
+    gen_kwargs = {
+        "input_ids": input_ids,
+        "max_new_tokens": max_new_tokens,
+        "do_sample": (temperature > 0.0),
+        "temperature": max(temperature, 1e-4),
+        "pad_token_id": tokenizer.pad_token_id or tokenizer.eos_token_id,
+        "streamer": streamer,
+    }
+
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=model.generate, kwargs=gen_kwargs)
+    thread.start()
+
+    full_text = ""
+    tok_count = 0
+
+    for token_str in streamer:
+        tok_count += 1
+        full_text += token_str
+        yield {"type": "token", "token": token_str, "token_count": tok_count}
+
+    thread.join()
+    elapsed_ms = (time.perf_counter() - t0) * 1000
+
+    parsed_json = None
+    is_valid = False
+    try:
+        first_brace = full_text.find("{")
+        last_brace = full_text.rfind("}")
+        if first_brace != -1 and last_brace != -1:
+            cleaned = full_text[first_brace : last_brace + 1]
+            parsed_json = json.loads(cleaned)
+            is_valid = True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    schema_match = False
+    if is_valid and isinstance(parsed_json, dict):
+        expected_keys = set(schema.get_field_names())
+        schema_match = set(parsed_json.keys()) == expected_keys
+
+    result = {
+        "mode": "autoregressive_naive",
+        "elapsed_ms": round(elapsed_ms, 2),
+        "total_tokens": tok_count,
+        "tokens_per_second": round(
+            (tok_count / (elapsed_ms / 1000.0)) if elapsed_ms > 0 else 0.0, 1
+        ),
+        "sequential_forward_passes": tok_count,
+        "is_valid_json": is_valid,
+        "schema_match": schema_match,
+        "raw_text": full_text,
+        "parsed_json": parsed_json,
+        "device": device,
+    }
+
+    yield {"type": "done", "result": result}

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/prompt_builder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+Prompt construction utilities for Autoregressive JSON Generation
+vs. Parallel Constrained Decision Batches.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any, List, Tuple
+from core.schema import StructuredSchema, FieldDefinition
+
+
+def build_naive_json_prompt(context: str, schema: StructuredSchema) -> str:
+    """
+    Builds the baseline prompt instructing the model to generate a full JSON document.
+    """
+    schema_prompt = schema.to_json_schema_prompt_str()
+    prompt = (
+        f"<|im_start|>system\n"
+        f"You are a precise data extraction system. You must output ONLY a valid, beautifully formatted, indented JSON object with newlines and 2-space indentation matching the schema below. Do not output a single-line string. Do not include markdown tags.\n\n"
+        f"JSON Schema:\n{schema_prompt}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>user\n"
+        f"Analyze the following context and generate the required formatted JSON object:\n\n{context}<|im_end|>\n"
+        f"<|im_start|>assistant\n{{\n  "
+    )
+    return prompt
+
+
+def build_parallel_field_prompts(context: str, schema: StructuredSchema) -> List[Tuple[str, FieldDefinition, str]]:
+    """
+    Builds discrete single-decision prompts for each field in the schema.
+    Returns a list of (field_name, field_def, prompt_text).
+    """
+    prompts = []
+    for field_name, field_def in schema.fields.items():
+        if field_def.field_type == "boolean":
+            options_text = "true, false"
+        else:
+            if len(field_def.choices) <= 20:
+                options_text = ", ".join(field_def.choices)
+            else:
+                sample = ", ".join(field_def.choices[:8])
+                options_text = f"{sample}, ... [{len(field_def.choices)} total options]"
+
+        prompt = (
+            f"<|im_start|>system\n"
+            f"You are a calibrated decision engine. Select the single most accurate option based on evidence.<|im_end|>\n"
+            f"<|im_start|>user\n"
+            f"{context}\n\n"
+            f"Field: {field_name}\n"
+            f"Description: {field_def.description}\n"
+            f"Allowed choices: {options_text}\n"
+            f"Exact choice:<|im_end|>\n"
+            f"<|im_start|>assistant\n"
+        )
+        prompts.append((field_name, field_def, prompt))
+        
+    return prompts
+
+
+# Backward compatibility alias
+build_rlcd_field_prompts = build_parallel_field_prompts

pcd_rlcd-0.1.0/src/pcd_rlcd/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""
+Schema definitions, validation, and sub-vocabulary token mapping for parallel constrained decisions.
+Supports booleans and categorical enums with cardinality up to 255.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, Any, List, Tuple, Optional
+import numpy as np
+
+
+class FieldDefinition:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, field_type: str, description: str, choices: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.field_type = field_type.lower()
+        self.description = description
+        
+        if self.field_type == "boolean":
+            self.choices = ["true", "false"]
+        elif self.field_type in ("enum", "choice", "selection"):
+            if not choices or len(choices) == 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"Field '{name}' of type enum must have choices defined.")
+            if len(choices) > 255:
+                raise ValueError(f"Field '{name}' exceeds maximum cardinality of 255 choices (got {len(choices)}).")
+            self.choices = choices
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported field type '{field_type}'. Supported types: 'boolean' and 'enum'.")
+
+        self.cached_candidate_token_ids: Optional[List[List[int]]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def cardinality(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.choices)
+
+    def compile_candidate_tokens(self, tokenizer):
+        """Pre-indexes and caches candidate token IDs so inference runs in microseconds."""
+        if self.cached_candidate_token_ids is not None:
+            return self.cached_candidate_token_ids
+            
+        candidate_tokens_per_choice = []
+        if self.field_type == "boolean":
+            true_variants = ['true', ' true', 'True', ' True', 'TRUE', 'yes', ' yes']
+            true_ids = []
+            for v in true_variants:
+                toks = tokenizer.encode(v, add_special_tokens=False)
+                if toks:
+                    true_ids.append(toks[0])
+            candidate_tokens_per_choice.append(list(set(true_ids)))
+            
+            false_variants = ['false', ' false', 'False', ' False', 'FALSE', 'no', ' no']
+            false_ids = []
+            for v in false_variants:
+                toks = tokenizer.encode(v, add_special_tokens=False)
+                if toks:
+                    false_ids.append(toks[0])
+            candidate_tokens_per_choice.append(list(set(false_ids)))
+        else:
+            for choice in self.choices:
+                c_clean = str(choice).strip()
+                variants = [' ' + c_clean, c_clean]
+                ids = []
+                for v in variants:
+                    toks = tokenizer.encode(v, add_special_tokens=False)
+                    if toks:
+                        ids.append(toks[0])
+                candidate_tokens_per_choice.append(list(set(ids)))
+                
+        self.cached_candidate_token_ids = candidate_tokens_per_choice
+        return self.cached_candidate_token_ids
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "type": self.field_type,
+            "description": self.description,
+            "choices": self.choices,
+            "cardinality": self.cardinality,
+        }
+
+
+class StructuredSchema:
+    def __init__(self, schema_dict: Dict[str, Any], tokenizer=None):
+        self.fields: Dict[str, FieldDefinition] = {}
+        for field_name, spec in schema_dict.items():
+            field_type = spec.get("type", "enum")
+            description = spec.get("description", "")
+            choices = spec.get("choices", None)
+            fdef = FieldDefinition(
+                name=field_name,
+                field_type=field_type,
+                description=description,
+                choices=choices
+            )
+            if tokenizer is not None:
+                fdef.compile_candidate_tokens(tokenizer)
+            self.fields[field_name] = fdef
+
+    def compile_all_tokens(self, tokenizer):
+        for fdef in self.fields.values():
+            fdef.compile_candidate_tokens(tokenizer)
+
+    def get_field_names(self) -> List[str]:
+        return list(self.fields.keys())
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> FieldDefinition:
+        return self.fields[key]
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.fields)
+
+    def to_json_schema_prompt_str(self) -> str:
+        """Returns a clean TypeScript/JSON schema representation for naive LLM prompting."""
+        lines = ["{"]
+        for name, field in self.fields.items():
+            if field.field_type == "boolean":
+                lines.append(f'  "{name}": boolean, // {field.description}')
+            else:
+                choices_limit = 20 if len(field.choices) > 50 else len(field.choices)
+                choices_str = " | ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in field.choices[:choices_limit])
+                if len(field.choices) > choices_limit:
+                    choices_str += f" | ... ({len(field.choices)} total options)"
+                lines.append(f'  "{name}": {choices_str}, // {field.description}')
+        lines.append("}")
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def to_parallel_schema_str(self) -> str:
+        """Returns a high-density, compact description catalog for minimal prefill token latency."""
+        lines = []
+        for name, field in self.fields.items():
+            desc = field.description.split('\n')[0].strip()
+            lines.append(f'  "{name}": {desc}')
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    to_rlcd_schema_str = to_parallel_schema_str
+
+    def compile_parallel_metadata(self, tokenizer):
+        """Pre-indexes and caches compact suffixes, token candidate IDs, and common prefixes."""
+        if hasattr(self, "_parallel_metadata") and self._parallel_metadata is not None:
+            return self._parallel_metadata
+            
+        import os
+        field_items = list(self.fields.items())
+        suffix_tok_lists = []
+        suffix_lengths = []
+        cands_per_field = []
+        prefixes = []
+        has_collisions = []
+        
+        for fname, fdef in field_items:
+            if fdef.field_type == "boolean":
+                suffix = f'  "{fname}": '
+                cands = [
+                    tokenizer.encode("true", add_special_tokens=False)[0],
+                    tokenizer.encode("false", add_special_tokens=False)[0]
+                ]
+                prefix = ""
+            else:
+                prefix = os.path.commonprefix(fdef.choices)
+                suffix = f'  "{fname}": "{prefix}'
+                cands = []
+                for c in fdef.choices:
+                    rem = c[len(prefix):]
+                    c_toks = tokenizer.encode(rem, add_special_tokens=False)
+                    cands.append(c_toks[0] if c_toks else tokenizer.encode('"', add_special_tokens=False)[0])
+            toks = tokenizer.encode(suffix, add_special_tokens=False)
+            suffix_tok_lists.append(toks)
+            suffix_lengths.append(len(toks))
+            cands_per_field.append(cands)
+            prefixes.append(prefix)
+            has_collisions.append(len(set(cands)) < len(cands))
+            
+        max_s_len = max(suffix_lengths)
+        pad_id = tokenizer.pad_token_id or 0
+        padded = [s + [pad_id] * (max_s_len - len(s)) for s in suffix_tok_lists]
+        try:
+            import mlx.core as mx
+            suffixes_batch = mx.array(padded, dtype=mx.int32)
+        except Exception:
+            suffixes_batch = np.array(padded, dtype=np.int32)
+        
+        self._parallel_metadata = {
+            "field_items": field_items,
+            "suffix_lengths": suffix_lengths,
+            "cands_per_field": cands_per_field,
+            "prefixes": prefixes,
+            "has_collisions": has_collisions,
+            "suffixes_batch": suffixes_batch
+        }
+        return self._parallel_metadata
+
+    compile_rlcd_metadata = compile_parallel_metadata
+
+
+def map_candidate_tokens(tokenizer, choices: List[str], is_boolean: bool = False) -> List[List[int]]:
+    """Helper fallback when field definition is not pre-compiled."""
+    f = FieldDefinition("tmp", "boolean" if is_boolean else "enum", "", choices if not is_boolean else None)
+    return f.compile_candidate_tokens(tokenizer)
+
+
+def extract_calibrated_probabilities(
+    next_token_logits: np.ndarray,
+    candidate_token_ids_list: List[List[int]],
+    temperature: float = 1.0
+) -> Tuple[int, float, List[float]]:
+    """
+    Takes the logits at the decision token position and computes exact
+    calibrated probabilities across only the constrained candidate choices (K <= 255).
+    """
+    choice_scores = []
+    for token_ids in candidate_token_ids_list:
+        if not token_ids:
+            choice_scores.append(-1e9)
+            continue
+        score = max(float(next_token_logits[tid]) for tid in token_ids)
+        choice_scores.append(score)
+        
+    scores = np.array(choice_scores, dtype=np.float32) / max(temperature, 1e-4)
+    shifted = scores - np.max(scores)
+    exp_scores = np.exp(shifted)
+    probs = exp_scores / (np.sum(exp_scores) + 1e-12)
+    
+    winner_idx = int(np.argmax(probs))
+    winner_prob = float(probs[winner_idx])
+    
+    return winner_idx, winner_prob, probs.tolist()