ltc-code 0.2.33__tar.gz → 0.2.34__tar.gz

{ltc_code-0.2.33 → ltc_code-0.2.34}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.3
 Name: ltc-code
-Version: 0.2.33
+Version: 0.2.34
 Summary: Add your description here
 Requires-Dist: fastexcel>=0.16,<0.20
 Requires-Dist: polars>=1.36.1,<1.42

{ltc_code-0.2.33 → ltc_code-0.2.34}/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "ltc-code"
-version = "0.2.33"
+version = "0.2.34"
 description = "Add your description here"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.9"
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ requires = ["uv_build>=0.11.16,<0.12.0"]
 build-backend = "uv_build"
 
 [tool.uv.build-backend]
-source-exclude = ["**/.DS_Store", "**/__pycache__/**", "**/*.pyc", "src/ltc_code/nsc/input/**", "src/ltc_code/nsc/output/**"]
-wheel-exclude = ["**/.DS_Store", "**/__pycache__/**", "**/*.pyc", "ltc_code/nsc/input/**", "ltc_code/nsc/output/**"]
+source-exclude = ["**/.DS_Store", "**/__pycache__/**", "**/*.pyc", "src/ltc_code/nsc/input/**", "src/ltc_code/nsc/output/**", "src/ltc_code/tract_covars/inputs/*.csv", "src/ltc_code/tract_covars/outputs/**"]
+wheel-exclude = ["**/.DS_Store", "**/__pycache__/**", "**/*.pyc", "ltc_code/nsc/input/**", "ltc_code/nsc/output/**", "ltc_code/tract_covars/inputs/*.csv", "ltc_code/tract_covars/outputs/**"]

{ltc_code-0.2.33 → ltc_code-0.2.34}/src/ltc_code/nsc/raw/directory.dta

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [diffend] Oversized file quarantined before diffing.
-name: ltc_code-0.2.33/src/ltc_code/nsc/raw/directory.dta
+name: ltc_code-0.2.34/src/ltc_code/nsc/raw/directory.dta
 size: 256195841 bytes
 sha256: 9fe2a62ad77a3a17f5c8f45df08cc2e8daeb46425eeb062a576353aa2bd463d1

ltc_code-0.2.34/src/ltc_code/tract_covars/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Tract poverty covariates
+
+From the repository root, run:
+
+```sh
+uv run --no-project --with pandas python src/ltc_code/tract_covars/build_tract_covars.py
+```
+
+The script reads the two NHGIS CSVs in `inputs` and writes
+`outputs/tract_covars.csv` and `outputs/tract_covars.dta`. Paths are relative
+to the script, so it can also be run from another working directory. Pandas
+is required for Stata export; the command above supplies it. If pandas is
+already installed, the script can be run directly with `python3`.
+The Stata file uses Stata 14+ format, string geographic identifiers (preserving
+leading zeros), double-precision measures, and Stata missing numeric values.
+
+For an installed package, install pandas separately, then run
+`python -m ltc_code.tract_covars.build_tract_covars --inputs-dir /path/to/inputs --output /path/to/outputs/tract_covars.csv`.
+The NHGIS CSV inputs and generated outputs are not bundled in the package.
+
+The output contains one row per tract in the 2020 input, including Puerto Rico,
+with exactly these seven columns:
+
+| Column | Definition |
+| --- | --- |
+| state20 | Two-digit 2020 state FIPS code |
+| county20 | Three-digit 2020 county FIPS code within state |
+| tract20 | Six-digit 2020 tract code within county |
+| poor_share2020 | Poverty share from the 2016–2020 ACS |
+| poor_sharese2020 | Approximate standard error of that share |
+| poor_share2024 | Poverty share from the 2020–2024 ACS |
+| poor_sharese2024 | Approximate standard error of that share |
+
+Import the three geographic columns as strings to retain leading zeros.
+Their concatenation is the 11-digit tract GEOID. Shares and standard errors
+are in proportion units, not percentage points. Blank output fields are missing.
+
+## Calculation
+
+Table B17001 gives the population for whom poverty status is determined
+(`AM63E001` in 2020; `AU77E001` in 2024) and the subset below the poverty
+level (`AM63E002`; `AU77E002`). Let these be `T` and `P`.
+The corresponding `M001` and `M002` fields are 90% margins of error.
+
+```text
+p = P / T
+SE_T = MOE_T / 1.645
+SE_P = MOE_P / 1.645
+SE_p = sqrt(SE_P**2 - p**2 * SE_T**2) / T
+```
+
+If the quantity under the square root is negative, use addition in place of
+subtraction, following the Census ratio fallback. These are approximate SEs
+derived from published margins of error, not replicate-weight SEs. A zero or
+missing denominator makes both outputs missing; missing MOEs make only the
+SE missing. Negative input sentinel values are treated as missing.
+
+Source: [Census ACS worked examples, proportions and ratios, pp. 6–7](https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/accuracy/2023_ACS_Accuracy_Document_Worked_Examples.pdf).
+
+## Geographic vintage and matching
+
+Both the [2020 ACS](https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/geography-acs/geography-boundaries-by-year/2020.html)
+and [2024 ACS](https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/geography-acs/geography-boundaries-by-year/2024.html)
+use 2020 Census tract definitions, with some intervening geographic changes.
+This output uses the **2020 input's tract list and county identifiers** as its
+reference geography. It is a left join onto that list, not an inner join.
+
+Connecticut replaced its counties with planning regions. Its land tract codes
+remain unchanged and are unique statewide in both inputs. The script checks
+these conditions and matches those tracts by state and tract, restoring the
+2020 county codes. The four 2020 Connecticut water tracts remain as rows with
+missing poverty measures. The five 2024 water tracts are not appended or
+matched across altered boundaries; their poverty denominators are all zero.
+See [Census Planning Database documentation, Appendix D](https://www2.census.gov/adrm/PDB/2024/2024_PDB_Documentation.pdf)
+for the Connecticut geography change and water-tract split.
+
+All other tracts are matched on state, county, and tract. In the supplied files,
+14 Suffolk County, New York tracts occur only in 2020; their 2024 measures are
+left missing. The script prints their GEOIDs. It does not impute these values
+or claim that identical identifiers guarantee unchanged boundaries everywhere.
+Unexpected unmatched 2024 land tracts or duplicate keys stop the build.
+
+The supplied inputs produce 85,395 rows. Both outputs are excluded from Git by the
+repository's existing data-file ignore rules and can be regenerated with the
+command above. See the input codebooks for NHGIS attribution and terms.

ltc_code-0.2.34/src/ltc_code/tract_covars/build_tract_covars.py

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+"""Build tract poverty shares and approximate standard errors from NHGIS ACS inputs.
+
+Run with Python 3.9+ and pandas. See README.md
+for the geography handling and Census Bureau sources for the SE formula.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import math
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+INPUTS = {
+    2020: ("nhgis0006_ds250_20205_tract.csv", "AM63"),
+    2024: ("nhgis0006_ds273_20245_tract.csv", "AU77"),
+}
+FIELDS = [
+    "state20", "county20", "tract20",
+    "poor_share2020", "poor_sharese2020",
+    "poor_share2024", "poor_sharese2024",
+]
+Key = Tuple[str, str, str]
+Estimate = Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float]]
+
+
+def nonnegative(value: str) -> Optional[float]:
+    """Treat blank and negative ACS/NHGIS sentinel values as missing."""
+    if not value.strip():
+        return None
+    number = float(value)
+    return number if math.isfinite(number) and number >= 0 else None
+
+
+def poverty_estimate(row: Dict[str, str], prefix: str) -> Estimate:
+    total = nonnegative(row[prefix + "E001"])
+    poor = nonnegative(row[prefix + "E002"])
+    if total is None or total == 0 or poor is None:
+        return None, None
+    if poor > total:
+        raise ValueError("Poverty count exceeds the poverty-status universe.")
+    share = poor / total
+    total_moe = nonnegative(row[prefix + "M001"])
+    poor_moe = nonnegative(row[prefix + "M002"])
+    if total_moe is None or poor_moe is None:
+        return share, None
+    # ACS MOEs use 90% confidence. The numerator is a subset of the denominator.
+    poor_var = (poor_moe / 1.645) ** 2
+    total_term = share ** 2 * (total_moe / 1.645) ** 2
+    variance = poor_var - total_term
+    if variance < 0:
+        # Census recommends the ratio formula if the proportion radicand is negative.
+        variance = poor_var + total_term
+    return share, math.sqrt(variance) / total
+
+
+def read_year(inputs_dir: Path, year: int) -> Dict[Key, Estimate]:
+    filename, prefix = INPUTS[year]
+    estimates = {}
+    with (inputs_dir / filename).open(newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as source:
+        reader = csv.DictReader(source)
+        required = {"STATEA", "COUNTYA", "TRACTA"} | {
+            prefix + suffix for suffix in ("E001", "E002", "M001", "M002")
+        }
+        if not required.issubset(reader.fieldnames or []):
+            raise ValueError(f"Missing required columns in {filename}")
+        for row in reader:
+            key = tuple(row[name].strip() for name in ("STATEA", "COUNTYA", "TRACTA"))
+            if any(not code.isdigit() or len(code) != width
+                   for code, width in zip(key, (2, 3, 6))):
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid geographic identifier: {key}")
+            if key in estimates:
+                raise ValueError(f"Duplicate tract in {year}: {key}")
+            estimates[key] = poverty_estimate(row, prefix)
+    return estimates
+
+
+def ct_land_keys(estimates: Dict[Key, Estimate]) -> Dict[str, Key]:
+    """CT land tract codes are unique statewide and unchanged across these inputs."""
+    lookup = {}
+    for key, values in estimates.items():
+        state, _, tract = key
+        if state != "09":
+            continue
+        if tract.startswith("99"):
+            # Water tracts changed boundaries; never assign them to a land tract.
+            if values != (None, None):
+                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected populated CT water tract: {key}")
+            continue
+        if tract in lookup:
+            raise ValueError(f"Ambiguous Connecticut land tract: {tract}")
+        lookup[tract] = key
+    return lookup
+
+
+def build(inputs_dir: Path, output: Path) -> None:
+    import pandas as pd
+
+    old = read_year(inputs_dir, 2020)
+    new = read_year(inputs_dir, 2024)
+    ct_old, ct_new = ct_land_keys(old), ct_land_keys(new)
+    if ct_old.keys() != ct_new.keys():
+        raise ValueError("Connecticut land tract codes differ; a new crosswalk is needed.")
+
+    rows = []
+    used = set()
+    unmatched = []
+    for key in sorted(old):
+        state, county, tract = key
+        new_key = ct_new.get(tract) if state == "09" else key
+        values = new.get(new_key, (None, None))
+        if new_key in new:
+            used.add(new_key)
+        elif not (state == "09" and tract.startswith("99")):
+            unmatched.append("".join(key))
+        rows.append((state, county, tract, *old[key], *values))
+
+    # Only unpopulated Connecticut water tracts may be excluded from 2024.
+    unexpected = [key for key in new.keys() - used
+                  if not (key[0] == "09" and key[2].startswith("99")
+                          and new[key] == (None, None))]
+    if unexpected:
+        raise ValueError(f"2024 tracts need an explicit mapping to 2020: {unexpected}")
+
+    output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with output.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as target:
+        writer = csv.writer(target)
+        writer.writerow(FIELDS)
+        writer.writerows(rows)
+    stata_output = output.with_suffix(".dta")
+    frame = pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=FIELDS)
+    frame[FIELDS[3:]] = frame[FIELDS[3:]].astype("float64")
+    frame.to_stata(
+        stata_output,
+        write_index=False,
+        version=118,
+        data_label="ACS tract poverty shares, 2020 tract identifiers",
+        variable_labels={
+            "state20": "2020 state FIPS code",
+            "county20": "2020 county FIPS code within state",
+            "tract20": "2020 tract code within county",
+            "poor_share2020": "Poverty share, 2016-2020 ACS (0-1)",
+            "poor_sharese2020": "Approximate SE of poverty share, 2016-2020 ACS",
+            "poor_share2024": "Poverty share, 2020-2024 ACS (0-1)",
+            "poor_sharese2024": "Approximate SE of poverty share, 2020-2024 ACS",
+        },
+    )
+    print(f"Wrote {len(rows):,} unique 2020 tracts to {output}")
+    print(f"Wrote Stata dataset to {stata_output}")
+    print(f"Mapped {len(ct_old):,} Connecticut land tracts to 2020 county codes.")
+    print(f"Tracts without a 2024 match (excluding CT water): {len(unmatched)}")
+    if unmatched:
+        print("  " + ", ".join(unmatched))
+    for index, field in enumerate(FIELDS[3:], start=3):
+        print(f"{field}: {sum(row[index] is None for row in rows):,} missing")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--inputs-dir", type=Path, default=HERE / "inputs")
+    parser.add_argument("--output", type=Path,
+                        default=HERE / "outputs" / "tract_covars.csv")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.output.suffix.lower() != ".csv":
+        parser.error("--output must be a .csv path; a sibling .dta is also written")
+    build(args.inputs_dir, args.output)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

ltc_code-0.2.34/src/ltc_code/tract_covars/inputs/nhgis0006_ds250_20205_tract_codebook.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Codebook for NHGIS data file 'nhgis0006_ds250_20205_tract'
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+Contents
+    - Data Summary
+    - Data Dictionary
+    - Citation and Use
+ 
+Additional documentation on NHGIS data sources is available at: 
+    https://www.nhgis.org/documentation/tabular-data 
+ 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Data Summary
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+Year:             2016-2020
+Geographic level: Census Tract (by State--County)
+Extent:           All areas
+Dataset:          2020 American Community Survey: 5-Year Data [2016-2020, Tracts & Larger Areas]
+   NHGIS code:    2016_2020_ACS5b
+   NHGIS ID:      ds250
+Breakdown(s):     Geographic Component:
+                     Total area (00)
+Data type(s):     (E) Estimates
+                  (M) Margins of error
+ 
+Tables:
+ 
+1. Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
+   Universe:    Population for whom poverty status is determined
+   Source code: B17001
+   NHGIS code:  AM63
+ 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Data Dictionary
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+Context Fields 
+        GISJOIN:     GIS Join Match Code
+        YEAR:        Data File Year
+        STUSAB:      State Postal Abbreviation
+        REGIONA:     Region Code
+        DIVISIONA:   Division Code
+        STATE:       State Name
+        STATEA:      State Code
+        COUNTY:      County Name
+        COUNTYA:     County Code
+        COUSUBA:     County Subdivision Code
+        PLACEA:      Place Code
+        TRACTA:      Census Tract Code
+        CONCITA:     Consolidated City Code
+        AIANHHA:     American Indian Area/Alaska Native Area/Hawaiian Home Land Code
+        RES_ONLYA:   American Indian Area/Alaska Native Area (Reservation or Statistical Entity Only) Code
+        TRUSTA:      American Indian Area (Off-Reservation Trust Land Only)/Hawaiian Home Land Code
+        AIHHTLI:     American Indian Trust Land/ Hawaiian Home Land Indicator
+        AITSCEA:     Tribal Subdivision/Remainder Code
+        ANRCA:       Alaska Native Regional Corporation Code
+        CBSAA:       Metropolitan Statistical Area/Micropolitan Statistical Area Code
+        CSAA:        Combined Statistical Area Code
+        METDIVA:     Metropolitan Division Code
+        NECTAA:      New England City and Town Area Code
+        CNECTAA:     Combined New England City and Town Area Code
+        NECTADIVA:   New England City and Town Area Division Code
+        UAA:         Urban Area Code
+        CDCURRA:     Congressional District (2019-2021, 116th Congress) Code
+        SLDUA:       State Legislative District (Upper Chamber) Code
+        SLDLA:       State Legislative District (Lower Chamber) Code
+        ZCTA5A:      5-Digit ZIP Code Tabulation Area Code
+        SUBMCDA:     Subminor Civil Division Code
+        SDELMA:      School District (Elementary)/Remainder Code
+        SDSECA:      School District (Secondary)/Remainder Code
+        SDUNIA:      School District (Unified)/Remainder Code
+        PCI:         Principal City Indicator
+        PUMAA:       Public Use Microdata Area Code
+        GEOID:       Census Geographic Identifier
+        BTTRA:       Tribal Census Tract Code
+ 
+Data Type (E):
+    Estimates
+ 
+        NAME_E:      Area Name
+ 
+    Table 1:     Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
+    Universe:    Population for whom poverty status is determined
+    Source code: B17001
+    NHGIS code:  AM63
+        AM63E001:    Total
+        AM63E002:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level
+        AM63E003:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male
+        AM63E004:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: Under 5 years
+        AM63E005:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 5 years
+        AM63E006:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63E007:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63E008:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 15 years
+        AM63E009:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63E010:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63E011:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63E012:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63E013:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63E014:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63E015:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63E016:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 75 years and over
+        AM63E017:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female
+        AM63E018:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: Under 5 years
+        AM63E019:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 5 years
+        AM63E020:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63E021:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63E022:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 15 years
+        AM63E023:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63E024:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63E025:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63E026:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63E027:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63E028:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63E029:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63E030:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 75 years and over
+        AM63E031:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level
+        AM63E032:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male
+        AM63E033:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: Under 5 years
+        AM63E034:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 5 years
+        AM63E035:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63E036:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63E037:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 15 years
+        AM63E038:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63E039:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63E040:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63E041:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63E042:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63E043:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63E044:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63E045:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 75 years and over
+        AM63E046:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female
+        AM63E047:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: Under 5 years
+        AM63E048:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 5 years
+        AM63E049:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63E050:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63E051:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 15 years
+        AM63E052:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63E053:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63E054:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63E055:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63E056:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63E057:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63E058:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63E059:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 75 years and over
+ 
+Data Type (M):
+    Margins of error
+ 
+        NAME_M:      Area Name
+ 
+    Table 1:     Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex by Age
+    Universe:    Population for whom poverty status is determined
+    Source code: B17001
+    NHGIS code:  AM63
+        AM63M001:    Total
+        AM63M002:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level
+        AM63M003:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male
+        AM63M004:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: Under 5 years
+        AM63M005:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 5 years
+        AM63M006:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63M007:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63M008:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 15 years
+        AM63M009:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63M010:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63M011:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63M012:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63M013:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63M014:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63M015:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63M016:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Male: 75 years and over
+        AM63M017:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female
+        AM63M018:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: Under 5 years
+        AM63M019:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 5 years
+        AM63M020:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63M021:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63M022:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 15 years
+        AM63M023:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63M024:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63M025:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63M026:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63M027:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63M028:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63M029:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63M030:    Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: Female: 75 years and over
+        AM63M031:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level
+        AM63M032:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male
+        AM63M033:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: Under 5 years
+        AM63M034:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 5 years
+        AM63M035:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63M036:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63M037:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 15 years
+        AM63M038:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63M039:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63M040:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63M041:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63M042:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63M043:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63M044:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63M045:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Male: 75 years and over
+        AM63M046:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female
+        AM63M047:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: Under 5 years
+        AM63M048:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 5 years
+        AM63M049:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 6 to 11 years
+        AM63M050:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 12 to 14 years
+        AM63M051:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 15 years
+        AM63M052:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 16 and 17 years
+        AM63M053:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 18 to 24 years
+        AM63M054:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 25 to 34 years
+        AM63M055:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 35 to 44 years
+        AM63M056:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 45 to 54 years
+        AM63M057:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 55 to 64 years
+        AM63M058:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 65 to 74 years
+        AM63M059:    Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: Female: 75 years and over
+ 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Citation and Use of NHGIS Data
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 
+All persons are granted a limited license to use this documentation and the
+accompanying data, subject to the following conditions:
+
+* REDISTRIBUTION: You will not redistribute the data without permission.
+
+  You may publish a subset of the data to meet journal requirements for accessing 
+  data related to a particular publication. Contact us for permission for any other 
+  redistribution; we will consider requests for free and commercial redistribution.
+
+* CITATION: You will cite NHGIS appropriately.
+
+    * Publications and research reports employing NHGIS data (either tabular or GIS) 
+      should include the following citation:
+
+        Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Steven Manson, Grace Cooper, Zachary Krause, Tracy Kugler, Tsu Zhu, and Steven Ruggles. 
+        IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 21.0 
+        [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2026. 
+        http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V21.0
+
+    * For policy briefs, online resources, or articles in the popular press, we 
+      recommend that you cite the use of NHGIS data as follows:
+
+        IPUMS NHGIS, University of Minnesota, www.nhgis.org.
+
+These terms of use are a legally binding agreement. You can use the data only in 
+accordance with these terms, and any other use is a violation of the agreement. 
+Violations may result in revocation of the agreement and prohibition from using other 
+IPUMS data. If IPUMS or our partners are harmed from your violation, you are 
+responsible for all damages, including reasonable attorney's fees and expenses.
+        
+In addition, we request that users send us a copy of any publications, research
+reports, or educational material making use of the data or documentation.
+
+Send electronic material to: nhgis@umn.edu
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+Printed matter should be sent to:
+
+    IPUMS NHGIS
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+    University of Minnesota
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