lightphe 0.0.24__tar.gz → 0.0.26__tar.gz

{lightphe-0.0.24 → lightphe-0.0.26}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.1
 Name: lightphe
-Version: 0.0.24
+Version: 0.0.26
 Summary: A Lightweight Partially Homomorphic Encryption Library for Python
 Home-page: https://github.com/serengil/LightPHE
 Author: Sefik Ilkin Serengil
@@ -20,23 +20,14 @@ License-File: LICENSE
 
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-
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-
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+[![DOI](http://img.shields.io/:DOI-10.3390/sym18050832-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/18/5/832)
 
 </div>
 
 <p align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/serengil/LightPHE/master/icons/phi.png" width="200" height="240"></p>
 
-LightPHE is a lightweight homomorphic encryption library for python supporting various partially and somewhat homomorphic encryptions schemes such as [`RSA`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-rsa-in-python/), [`ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Exponential ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Elliptic Curve ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2018/08/21/elliptic-curve-elgamal-encryption/) ([`Weierstrass`](https://sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curve-cryptography/), [`Koblitz`](sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curves-over-binary-field/) and [`Edwards`](https://sefiks.com/2018/12/19/a-gentle-introduction-to-edwards-curves/) forms), [`Paillier`](https://sefiks.com/2023/04/03/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-paillier-in-python/), [`Damgard-Jurik`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-damgard-jurik-in-python/), [`Okamoto–Uchiyama`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-okamoto-uchiyama-in-python/), [`Benaloh`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-benaloh-in-python-from-scratch/), [`Naccache–Stern`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/26/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-naccache-stern-in-python/), [`Goldwasser–Micali`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-goldwasser-micali-in-python/), [`Sander-Young-Yung`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-sander-young-yung-example-in-python/), [`Boneh-Goh-Nissim`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-somewhat-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-boneh-goh-nissim-in-python/).
+LightPHE is a lightweight homomorphic encryption library for python supporting various partially and somewhat homomorphic encryptions schemes such as [`RSA`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-rsa-in-python/), [`ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Exponential ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Elliptic Curve ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2018/08/21/elliptic-curve-elgamal-encryption/) ([`Weierstrass`](https://sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curve-cryptography/), [`Koblitz`](sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curves-over-binary-field/) and [`Edwards`](https://sefiks.com/2018/12/19/a-gentle-introduction-to-edwards-curves/) forms), [`Paillier`](https://sefiks.com/2023/04/03/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-paillier-in-python/), [`Damgard-Jurik`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-damgard-jurik-in-python/), [`Okamoto–Uchiyama`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-okamoto-uchiyama-in-python/), [`Benaloh`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-benaloh-in-python-from-scratch/), [`Naccache–Stern`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/26/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-naccache-stern-in-python/), [`Goldwasser–Micali`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-goldwasser-micali-in-python/), [`Sander-Young-Yung`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-sander-young-yung-example-in-python/), [`Boneh-Goh-Nissim`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-somewhat-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-boneh-goh-nissim-in-python/), `Joye-Libert`, `Castagnos-Laguillaumie`, `Ishai-Paskin`.
 
 # Partially vs Fully Homomorphic Encryption
 
@@ -65,22 +56,25 @@ from lightphe import LightPHE
 
 # Summary of Homomorphic Features of Different Cryptosystems in LightPHE
 
-In summary, LightPHE is covering following algorithms and these are partially homomorphic with respect to the operations mentioned in the following table.
-
-| Algorithm | Multiplicatively<br>Homomorphic | Additively<br>Homomorphic | Scalar Multiplication | Bitwise-XOR Homomorphic | Bitwise-AND Homomorphic | Regeneration<br>of Ciphertext |
-| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| RSA | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-| ElGamal | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Exponential ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Elliptic Curve ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Paillier | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Damgard-Jurik | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Benaloh | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Naccache-Stern | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Okamoto-Uchiyama | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Goldwasser-Micali | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅  |
-| Sander-Young-Yung | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-| Boneh-Goh-Nissim | 1️⃣ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
+In summary, LightPHE is covering following algorithms and these are partially homomorphic and somewhat homomorphic with respect to the operations mentioned in the following table.
+
+| Algorithm | Multiplicatively<br>Homomorphic | Additively<br>Homomorphic | Scalar Multiplication | Bitwise-XOR Homomorphic | Bitwise-AND Homomorphic | Regeneration<br>of Ciphertext | Decision Tree<br>Evaluation |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| RSA | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+| ElGamal | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Exponential ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Elliptic Curve ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Paillier | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Damgard-Jurik | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Benaloh | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Naccache-Stern | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Okamoto-Uchiyama | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Joye-Libert | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Castagnos-Laguillaumie | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Ishai-Paskin | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| Goldwasser-Micali | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅  | ❌ |
+| Sander-Young-Yung | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Boneh-Goh-Nissim | 1️⃣ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 
 # Building cryptosystem
 
@@ -100,6 +94,9 @@ algorithms = [
   "EllipticCurve-ElGamal",
   "Sander-Young-Yung",
   "Boneh-Goh-Nissim",
+  "Joye-Libert",
+  "Castagnos-Laguillaumie",
+  "Ishai-Paskin",
 ]
 
 cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = algorithms[0])
@@ -186,6 +183,58 @@ Each curve in LightPHE has a specific order, which is carefully chosen to balanc
 
 See [`curves`](https://github.com/serengil/LightECC#supported-curves) page for a list of all supported forms, curves and their details.
 
+### Decision Trees
+
+Ishai-Paskin solves a different problem than the algorithms above. Suppose a bank has a secret decision tree that decides a customer's credit limit, and a customer has private yes / no answers. The bank does not want to reveal its tree, and the customer does not want to reveal their answers. With Ishai-Paskin, the customer sends encrypted answers, the bank runs its tree on them without seeing them, and only the customer can decrypt the result. The customer learns the credit limit but not the rest of the tree.
+
+Let the bank's tree be the following, where questions are numbered 0, 1 and 2 and leaves are credit limits in thousand dollars.
+
+```
+                  Q0: has stable income?
+                 /no                    \yes
+     Q2: owns a house?              Q1: has existing debt?
+       /no        \yes               /no           \yes
+      0            5               20         Q2: owns a house?
+                                                /no       \yes
+                                               5          10
+```
+
+Each question is written as a tuple of `(question number, what to do if no, what to do if yes)`, and leaves are plain integers. So, the tree above becomes:
+
+```python
+credit_limit_tree = (0, (2, 0, 5), (1, 20, (2, 5, 10)))
+```
+
+Then, the customer and the bank run the following steps.
+
+```python
+# customer builds the cryptosystem and keeps the private key
+customer_cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = "Ishai-Paskin")
+
+# customer shares only the public key with the bank
+customer_cs.export_keys(target_file = "public.txt", public = True)
+
+# customer's answers: stable income = yes, existing debt = yes, owns a house = no
+answers = [1, 1, 0]
+
+# customer encrypts the answers and sends them to the bank. depth is the maximum
+# number of questions on a path of the tree, the bank should share this value
+encrypted_answers = customer_cs.encrypt_decision_tree_input(bits = answers, depth = 3)
+
+# bank builds its own cryptosystem with the customer's public key
+bank_cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = "Ishai-Paskin", key_file = "public.txt")
+
+# bank runs its tree on encrypted answers and sends the result back to the customer
+encrypted_limit = bank_cs.evaluate_decision_tree(
+  tree = credit_limit_tree, encrypted_input = encrypted_answers
+)
+
+# customer decrypts the result - only the customer has the private key
+assert customer_cs.decrypt(encrypted_limit) == 5
+```
+
+The size of the result grows with the depth of the tree, not with the number of its nodes. Still, each extra level makes the computation noticeably slower, so this is practical for shallow trees.
+
 ### Vector Embeddings
 
 LightPHE supports homomorphic encryption on vector embeddings. This is useful in privacy-preserving machine learning, secure aggregation, and confidential data processing.
@@ -227,6 +276,17 @@ All PRs are more than welcome! If you are planning to contribute a large patch,
 
 You should be able run `make test` and `make lint` commands successfully before committing. Once a PR is created, GitHub test workflow will be run automatically and unit test results will be available in [GitHub actions](https://github.com/serengil/LightPHE/actions/workflows/tests.yml) before approval.
 
+## LightPHE Ecosystem
+
+`LightPHE` is available across multiple programming languages with consistent APIs and native performance for each ecosystem. Choose the port that fits your stack:
+
+| Language | Repository | Ecosystem Focus |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Python** | [`lightphe`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe) | AI, Research & Prototyping |
+| **Go** | [`lightphe-go`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe-go) | Cloud-Native & High-Throughput Microservices |
+| **Java** | [`lightphe4j`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe4j) | Enterprise, Banking & Legacy Systems |
+| **TypeScript** | [`lightphe-ts`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe-ts) | Client-Side Privacy & Node.js Backend |
+
 # Support
 
 There are many ways to support a project - starring⭐️ the GitHub repo is just one 🙏
@@ -248,22 +308,17 @@ Also, your company's logo will be shown on README on GitHub if you become sponso
 Please cite LightPHE in your publications if it helps your research. Here is its BibTex entry:
 
 ```BibTeX
-@article{serengil2024lightphe,
-  title={LightPHE: Integrating Partially Homomorphic Encryption into Python with Extensive Cloud Environment Evaluations},
-  author={Serengil, Sefik Ilkin and Ozpinar, Alper},
-  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.05219},
-  note={doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2408.05219. [Online]. Available: \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05219}},
-  year={2025}
-}
-```
-
-```BibTeX
-@article{serengil2025vectorsimilarity,
-  title={Encrypted Vector Similarity Computations Using Partially Homomorphic Encryption: Applications and Performance Analysis},
-  author={Serengil, Sefik and Ozpinar, Alper},
-  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.05850},
-  note={doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2503.05850. [Online]. Available: \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05850}},
-  year={2025}
+@article{lightphe,
+  title          = {Sustainable Cryptography: Carbon Asymmetry in Partially Homomorphic Encryption in the Cloud},
+  author         = {Ozpinar, Alper and Serengil, Sefik Ilkin},
+  journal        = {Symmetry},
+  volume         = {18},
+  number         = {5},
+  pages          = {832},
+  url            = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/18/5/832},
+  doi            = {10.3390/sym18050832},
+  note           = {Special Issue: Symmetry in Cryptography and Cybersecurity},
+  year           = {2026}
 }
 ```
 

{lightphe-0.0.24 → lightphe-0.0.26}/README.md

@@ -4,23 +4,14 @@
 
 [![PyPI Downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/lightphe?period=total&units=international_system&left_color=grey&right_color=blue&left_text=downloads)](https://pepy.tech/project/lightphe)
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-
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-
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+[![DOI](http://img.shields.io/:DOI-10.3390/sym18050832-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/18/5/832)
 
 </div>
 
 <p align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/serengil/LightPHE/master/icons/phi.png" width="200" height="240"></p>
 
-LightPHE is a lightweight homomorphic encryption library for python supporting various partially and somewhat homomorphic encryptions schemes such as [`RSA`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-rsa-in-python/), [`ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Exponential ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Elliptic Curve ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2018/08/21/elliptic-curve-elgamal-encryption/) ([`Weierstrass`](https://sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curve-cryptography/), [`Koblitz`](sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curves-over-binary-field/) and [`Edwards`](https://sefiks.com/2018/12/19/a-gentle-introduction-to-edwards-curves/) forms), [`Paillier`](https://sefiks.com/2023/04/03/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-paillier-in-python/), [`Damgard-Jurik`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-damgard-jurik-in-python/), [`Okamoto–Uchiyama`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-okamoto-uchiyama-in-python/), [`Benaloh`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-benaloh-in-python-from-scratch/), [`Naccache–Stern`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/26/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-naccache-stern-in-python/), [`Goldwasser–Micali`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-goldwasser-micali-in-python/), [`Sander-Young-Yung`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-sander-young-yung-example-in-python/), [`Boneh-Goh-Nissim`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-somewhat-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-boneh-goh-nissim-in-python/).
+LightPHE is a lightweight homomorphic encryption library for python supporting various partially and somewhat homomorphic encryptions schemes such as [`RSA`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-rsa-in-python/), [`ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Exponential ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2023/03/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-elgamal-in-python/), [`Elliptic Curve ElGamal`](https://sefiks.com/2018/08/21/elliptic-curve-elgamal-encryption/) ([`Weierstrass`](https://sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curve-cryptography/), [`Koblitz`](sefiks.com/2016/03/13/the-math-behind-elliptic-curves-over-binary-field/) and [`Edwards`](https://sefiks.com/2018/12/19/a-gentle-introduction-to-edwards-curves/) forms), [`Paillier`](https://sefiks.com/2023/04/03/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-paillier-in-python/), [`Damgard-Jurik`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-damgard-jurik-in-python/), [`Okamoto–Uchiyama`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/20/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-okamoto-uchiyama-in-python/), [`Benaloh`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/06/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-benaloh-in-python-from-scratch/), [`Naccache–Stern`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/26/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-naccache-stern-in-python/), [`Goldwasser–Micali`](https://sefiks.com/2023/10/27/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-goldwasser-micali-in-python/), [`Sander-Young-Yung`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-partially-homomorphic-sander-young-yung-example-in-python/), [`Boneh-Goh-Nissim`](https://sefiks.com/2026/04/02/a-step-by-step-somewhat-homomorphic-encryption-example-with-boneh-goh-nissim-in-python/), `Joye-Libert`, `Castagnos-Laguillaumie`, `Ishai-Paskin`.
 
 # Partially vs Fully Homomorphic Encryption
 
@@ -49,22 +40,25 @@ from lightphe import LightPHE
 
 # Summary of Homomorphic Features of Different Cryptosystems in LightPHE
 
-In summary, LightPHE is covering following algorithms and these are partially homomorphic with respect to the operations mentioned in the following table.
-
-| Algorithm | Multiplicatively<br>Homomorphic | Additively<br>Homomorphic | Scalar Multiplication | Bitwise-XOR Homomorphic | Bitwise-AND Homomorphic | Regeneration<br>of Ciphertext |
-| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| RSA | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-| ElGamal | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Exponential ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Elliptic Curve ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Paillier | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Damgard-Jurik | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Benaloh | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Naccache-Stern | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Okamoto-Uchiyama | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-| Goldwasser-Micali | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅  |
-| Sander-Young-Yung | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-| Boneh-Goh-Nissim | 1️⃣ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
+In summary, LightPHE is covering following algorithms and these are partially homomorphic and somewhat homomorphic with respect to the operations mentioned in the following table.
+
+| Algorithm | Multiplicatively<br>Homomorphic | Additively<br>Homomorphic | Scalar Multiplication | Bitwise-XOR Homomorphic | Bitwise-AND Homomorphic | Regeneration<br>of Ciphertext | Decision Tree<br>Evaluation |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| RSA | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+| ElGamal | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Exponential ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Elliptic Curve ElGamal | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Paillier | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Damgard-Jurik | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Benaloh | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Naccache-Stern | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Okamoto-Uchiyama | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Joye-Libert | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Castagnos-Laguillaumie | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Ishai-Paskin | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| Goldwasser-Micali | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅  | ❌ |
+| Sander-Young-Yung | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+| Boneh-Goh-Nissim | 1️⃣ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 
 # Building cryptosystem
 
@@ -84,6 +78,9 @@ algorithms = [
   "EllipticCurve-ElGamal",
   "Sander-Young-Yung",
   "Boneh-Goh-Nissim",
+  "Joye-Libert",
+  "Castagnos-Laguillaumie",
+  "Ishai-Paskin",
 ]
 
 cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = algorithms[0])
@@ -170,6 +167,58 @@ Each curve in LightPHE has a specific order, which is carefully chosen to balanc
 
 See [`curves`](https://github.com/serengil/LightECC#supported-curves) page for a list of all supported forms, curves and their details.
 
+### Decision Trees
+
+Ishai-Paskin solves a different problem than the algorithms above. Suppose a bank has a secret decision tree that decides a customer's credit limit, and a customer has private yes / no answers. The bank does not want to reveal its tree, and the customer does not want to reveal their answers. With Ishai-Paskin, the customer sends encrypted answers, the bank runs its tree on them without seeing them, and only the customer can decrypt the result. The customer learns the credit limit but not the rest of the tree.
+
+Let the bank's tree be the following, where questions are numbered 0, 1 and 2 and leaves are credit limits in thousand dollars.
+
+```
+                  Q0: has stable income?
+                 /no                    \yes
+     Q2: owns a house?              Q1: has existing debt?
+       /no        \yes               /no           \yes
+      0            5               20         Q2: owns a house?
+                                                /no       \yes
+                                               5          10
+```
+
+Each question is written as a tuple of `(question number, what to do if no, what to do if yes)`, and leaves are plain integers. So, the tree above becomes:
+
+```python
+credit_limit_tree = (0, (2, 0, 5), (1, 20, (2, 5, 10)))
+```
+
+Then, the customer and the bank run the following steps.
+
+```python
+# customer builds the cryptosystem and keeps the private key
+customer_cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = "Ishai-Paskin")
+
+# customer shares only the public key with the bank
+customer_cs.export_keys(target_file = "public.txt", public = True)
+
+# customer's answers: stable income = yes, existing debt = yes, owns a house = no
+answers = [1, 1, 0]
+
+# customer encrypts the answers and sends them to the bank. depth is the maximum
+# number of questions on a path of the tree, the bank should share this value
+encrypted_answers = customer_cs.encrypt_decision_tree_input(bits = answers, depth = 3)
+
+# bank builds its own cryptosystem with the customer's public key
+bank_cs = LightPHE(algorithm_name = "Ishai-Paskin", key_file = "public.txt")
+
+# bank runs its tree on encrypted answers and sends the result back to the customer
+encrypted_limit = bank_cs.evaluate_decision_tree(
+  tree = credit_limit_tree, encrypted_input = encrypted_answers
+)
+
+# customer decrypts the result - only the customer has the private key
+assert customer_cs.decrypt(encrypted_limit) == 5
+```
+
+The size of the result grows with the depth of the tree, not with the number of its nodes. Still, each extra level makes the computation noticeably slower, so this is practical for shallow trees.
+
 ### Vector Embeddings
 
 LightPHE supports homomorphic encryption on vector embeddings. This is useful in privacy-preserving machine learning, secure aggregation, and confidential data processing.
@@ -211,6 +260,17 @@ All PRs are more than welcome! If you are planning to contribute a large patch,
 
 You should be able run `make test` and `make lint` commands successfully before committing. Once a PR is created, GitHub test workflow will be run automatically and unit test results will be available in [GitHub actions](https://github.com/serengil/LightPHE/actions/workflows/tests.yml) before approval.
 
+## LightPHE Ecosystem
+
+`LightPHE` is available across multiple programming languages with consistent APIs and native performance for each ecosystem. Choose the port that fits your stack:
+
+| Language | Repository | Ecosystem Focus |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Python** | [`lightphe`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe) | AI, Research & Prototyping |
+| **Go** | [`lightphe-go`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe-go) | Cloud-Native & High-Throughput Microservices |
+| **Java** | [`lightphe4j`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe4j) | Enterprise, Banking & Legacy Systems |
+| **TypeScript** | [`lightphe-ts`](https://github.com/serengil/lightphe-ts) | Client-Side Privacy & Node.js Backend |
+
 # Support
 
 There are many ways to support a project - starring⭐️ the GitHub repo is just one 🙏
@@ -232,22 +292,17 @@ Also, your company's logo will be shown on README on GitHub if you become sponso
 Please cite LightPHE in your publications if it helps your research. Here is its BibTex entry:
 
 ```BibTeX
-@article{serengil2024lightphe,
-  title={LightPHE: Integrating Partially Homomorphic Encryption into Python with Extensive Cloud Environment Evaluations},
-  author={Serengil, Sefik Ilkin and Ozpinar, Alper},
-  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.05219},
-  note={doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2408.05219. [Online]. Available: \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05219}},
-  year={2025}
-}
-```
-
-```BibTeX
-@article{serengil2025vectorsimilarity,
-  title={Encrypted Vector Similarity Computations Using Partially Homomorphic Encryption: Applications and Performance Analysis},
-  author={Serengil, Sefik and Ozpinar, Alper},
-  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.05850},
-  note={doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2503.05850. [Online]. Available: \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05850}},
-  year={2025}
+@article{lightphe,
+  title          = {Sustainable Cryptography: Carbon Asymmetry in Partially Homomorphic Encryption in the Cloud},
+  author         = {Ozpinar, Alper and Serengil, Sefik Ilkin},
+  journal        = {Symmetry},
+  volume         = {18},
+  number         = {5},
+  pages          = {832},
+  url            = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/18/5/832},
+  doi            = {10.3390/sym18050832},
+  note           = {Special Issue: Symmetry in Cryptography and Cybersecurity},
+  year           = {2026}
 }
 ```
 

{lightphe-0.0.24 → lightphe-0.0.26}/lightphe/__init__.py

@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ from lightphe.cryptosystems.GoldwasserMicali import GoldwasserMicali
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.EllipticCurveElGamal import EllipticCurveElGamal
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.SanderYoungYung import SanderYoungYung
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.BonehGohNissim import BonehGohNissim
-
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.JoyeLibert import JoyeLibert, FLOAT_NOT_SUPPORTED_MSG
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.CastagnosLaguillaumie import CastagnosLaguillaumie
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.IshaiPaskin import IshaiPaskin
 
 # pylint: disable=eval-used, simplifiable-if-expression, too-few-public-methods
 
 logger = Logger(module="lightphe/__init__.py")
 
-VERSION = "0.0.24"
+VERSION = "0.0.26"
 
 
 class LightPHE:
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ class LightPHE:
             algorithm_name (str): RSA | ElGamal | Exponential-ElGamal | EllipticCurve-ElGamal
                 | Paillier | Damgard-Jurik | Okamoto-Uchiyama | Benaloh | Naccache-Stern
                 | Goldwasser-Micali | Sander-Young-Yung | Boneh-Goh-Nissim
+                | Joye-Libert | Castagnos-Laguillaumie | Ishai-Paskin
             keys (dict): optional private-public key pair
             key_file (str): if keys were exported already, you can load them into cryptosystem
             key_size (int): key size in bits
@@ -79,8 +82,8 @@ class LightPHE:
             plaintext_limit (int, optional): Upper bound for plaintext values.
                 This parameter is only used if `algorithm_name` is 'Benaloh'.
             max_tries (int): maximum attempts to generate keys. Default is 10000.
-                RSA, Benaloh, Naccache-Stern and Goldwasser-Micali algorithms
-                need multiple attempts to generate valid keys. Will be discarded
+                RSA, Benaloh, Naccache-Stern, Goldwasser-Micali, Boneh-Goh-Nissim,
+                Joye-Libert and Castagnos-Laguillaumie algorithms need multiple attempts to generate valid keys. Will be discarded
                 for other algorithms.
         """
         self.algorithm_name = algorithm_name
@@ -124,6 +127,9 @@ class LightPHE:
         EllipticCurveElGamal,
         SanderYoungYung,
         BonehGohNissim,
+        JoyeLibert,
+        CastagnosLaguillaumie,
+        IshaiPaskin,
     ]:
         """
         Build a cryptosystem among partially homomorphic algorithms
@@ -131,6 +137,7 @@ class LightPHE:
             algorithm_name (str): RSA | ElGamal | Exponential-ElGamal | EllipticCurve-ElGamal
                 | Paillier | Damgard-Jurik | Okamoto-Uchiyama | Benaloh | Naccache-Stern
                 | Goldwasser-Micali | Edwards-ElGamal | Sander-Young-Yung | Boneh-Goh-Nissim
+                | Joye-Libert | Castagnos-Laguillaumie | Ishai-Paskin
                 Default is Paillier.
             keys (dict): optional private-public key pair
             key_file (str): if keys are exported, you can load them into cryptosystem
@@ -146,8 +153,8 @@ class LightPHE:
             plaintext_limit (int, optional): Upper bound for plaintext values.
                 This parameter is only used if `algorithm_name` is 'Benaloh'.
             max_tries (int): maximum attempts to generate keys. Default is 10000.
-                RSA, Benaloh, Naccache-Stern and Goldwasser-Micali algorithms
-                need multiple attempts to generate valid keys. Will be discarded
+                RSA, Benaloh, Naccache-Stern, Goldwasser-Micali, Boneh-Goh-Nissim,
+                Joye-Libert and Castagnos-Laguillaumie algorithms need multiple attempts to generate valid keys. Will be discarded
                 for other algorithms.
         Returns
             cryptosystem
@@ -186,6 +193,14 @@ class LightPHE:
             )
         elif algorithm_name == Algorithm.BonehGohNissim:
             cs = BonehGohNissim(keys=keys, key_size=key_size, max_tries=max_tries)
+        elif algorithm_name == Algorithm.JoyeLibert:
+            cs = JoyeLibert(keys=keys, key_size=key_size, max_tries=max_tries)
+        elif algorithm_name == Algorithm.CastagnosLaguillaumie:
+            cs = CastagnosLaguillaumie(
+                keys=keys, key_size=key_size, max_tries=max_tries
+            )
+        elif algorithm_name == Algorithm.IshaiPaskin:
+            cs = IshaiPaskin(keys=keys, key_size=key_size)
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"unimplemented algorithm - {algorithm_name}")
         return cs
@@ -208,6 +223,9 @@ class LightPHE:
             # then encrypt tensors
             return self.__encrypt_tensors(tensor=plaintext, silent=silent)
 
+        if isinstance(plaintext, float) and self.algorithm_name == Algorithm.JoyeLibert:
+            raise ValueError(FLOAT_NOT_SUPPORTED_MSG)
+
         ciphertext = self.cs.encrypt(
             plaintext=phe_utils.normalize_input(
                 value=plaintext, modulo=self.cs.plaintext_modulo
@@ -331,6 +349,53 @@ class LightPHE:
             plain_tensor.append(m)
         return plain_tensor
 
+    def encrypt_decision_tree_input(
+        self, bits: List[int], depth: int
+    ) -> List[List[int]]:
+        """
+        Encrypt input bits (answers to the questions) of a decision tree.
+            Only supported by Ishai-Paskin.
+        Args:
+            bits (list of int): input bits x_0, x_1, ... each 0 or 1
+            depth (int): maximum number of decisions on a path of the decision tree
+        Returns:
+            encrypted input (list of list of int): to be sent to the tree owner
+        """
+        if self.cs.keys.get("public_key") is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must have public key to perform encryption")
+
+        return self.cs.encrypt_decision_tree_input(bits=bits, depth=depth)
+
+    def evaluate_decision_tree(
+        self, tree: Union[int, tuple], encrypted_input: List[List[int]]
+    ) -> Ciphertext:
+        """
+        Evaluate a decision tree on encrypted input.
+            Private key is not required. Only supported by Ishai-Paskin.
+        Args:
+            tree (int or tuple): leaf (int) or decision node
+                (variable_index, tree_if_0, tree_if_1)
+            encrypted_input (list of list of int): output of encrypt_decision_tree_input
+        Returns:
+            ciphertext (Ciphertext): encrypted output of the tree
+        """
+        if self.cs.keys.get("public_key") is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "You must have public key to perform decision tree evaluation"
+            )
+
+        output = self.cs.evaluate_decision_tree(
+            tree=tree, encrypted_input=encrypted_input
+        )
+
+        public_keys = self.cs.keys.copy()
+        if public_keys.get("private_key") is not None:
+            del public_keys["private_key"]
+
+        return Ciphertext(
+            algorithm_name=self.algorithm_name, keys=public_keys, value=output
+        )
+
     def regenerate_ciphertext(self, ciphertext: Ciphertext) -> Ciphertext:
         """
         Generate a different ciphertext belonging to same plaintext

{lightphe-0.0.24 → lightphe-0.0.26}/lightphe/commons/key_validator.py

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from lightphe.cryptosystems.NaccacheStern import NaccacheStern
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.GoldwasserMicali import GoldwasserMicali
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.SanderYoungYung import SanderYoungYung
 from lightphe.cryptosystems.BonehGohNissim import BonehGohNissim
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.JoyeLibert import JoyeLibert
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.CastagnosLaguillaumie import CastagnosLaguillaumie
+from lightphe.cryptosystems.IshaiPaskin import IshaiPaskin
 
 
 # Map user-facing algorithm names to the class that owns the REQUIRED_KEYS spec.
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@ _ALGORITHM_TO_CLASS: Dict[str, Type[Homomorphic]] = {
     Algorithm.GoldwasserMicali: GoldwasserMicali,
     Algorithm.SanderYoungYung: SanderYoungYung,
     Algorithm.BonehGohNissim: BonehGohNissim,
+    Algorithm.JoyeLibert: JoyeLibert,
+    Algorithm.CastagnosLaguillaumie: CastagnosLaguillaumie,
+    Algorithm.IshaiPaskin: IshaiPaskin,
 }