langfun 0.1.2.dev202504170804__tar.gz → 0.1.2.dev202504190803__tar.gz

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: langfun
-Version: 0.1.2.dev202504170804
+Version: 0.1.2.dev202504190803
 Summary: Langfun: Language as Functions.
 Home-page: https://github.com/google/langfun
 Author: Langfun Authors

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/agentic/action.py

@@ -199,6 +199,11 @@ class ExecutionTrace(pg.Object, pg.views.html.HtmlTreeView.Extension):
     """Returns all queries from current trace and its child execution items."""
     return self._all_child_items(lf_structured.QueryInvocation)
 
+  @property
+  def all_actions(self) -> list['ActionInvocation']:
+    """Returns all actions from current trace and its child execution items."""
+    return self._all_child_items(ActionInvocation)
+
   @property
   def all_logs(self) -> list[lf.logging.LogEntry]:
     """Returns all logs from current trace and its child execution items."""
@@ -221,7 +226,7 @@ class ExecutionTrace(pg.Object, pg.views.html.HtmlTreeView.Extension):
     for item in self.items:
       if isinstance(item, item_cls):
         child_items.append(item)
-      elif isinstance(item, ActionInvocation):
+      if isinstance(item, ActionInvocation):
         child_items.extend(item.execution._all_child_items(item_cls))  # pylint: disable=protected-access
       elif isinstance(item, ExecutionTrace):
         child_items.extend(item._all_child_items(item_cls))  # pylint: disable=protected-access
@@ -582,6 +587,11 @@ class ActionInvocation(pg.Object, pg.views.html.HtmlTreeView.Extension):
     """Returns all queries made by the action and its child execution items."""
     return self.execution.all_queries
 
+  @property
+  def all_actions(self) -> list['ActionInvocation']:
+    """Returns all actions made by the action and its child execution items."""
+    return self.execution.all_actions
+
   @property
   def all_logs(self) -> list[lf.logging.LogEntry]:
     """Returns all logs made by the action and its child execution items."""

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/agentic/action_test.py

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ class SessionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(len(list(root.logs)), 0)
     # 1 query from Bar, 2 from Foo and 3 from parallel executions.
     self.assertEqual(len(list(root.all_queries)), 6)
+    # 2 actions: Foo and Bar.
+    self.assertEqual(len(list(root.all_actions)), 2)
     # 1 log from Bar and 1 from Foo.
     self.assertEqual(len(list(root.all_logs)), 2)
     self.assertEqual(root.usage_summary.total.num_requests, 6)

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/eval/base_test.py

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class EvaluationTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(s.dir, os.path.join(s.root_dir, s.id))
     self.assertEqual(s.hash, s.clone().hash)
     # Test persistent hash.
-    self.assertEqual(s.hash, '31a1c20a')
+    self.assertEqual(s.hash, 'e43392e4')
     self.assertEqual(
         s.hash, s.clone(override={'max_workers': 2, 'lm.timeout': 20}).hash
     )
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class EvaluationTest(unittest.TestCase):
         s.result,
         dict(
             experiment_setup=dict(
-                id='Evaluation@e06b5967',
+                id='Evaluation@2fbf1b05',
                 dir=s.dir,
                 model='StaticSequence',
                 prompt_template='{{example.question}}',
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ class EvaluationTest(unittest.TestCase):
         s.children[0].dir, os.path.join(s.root_dir, s.children[0].id)
     )
     # Test persistent hash.
-    self.assertEqual(s.hash, '9f4bc85b')
+    self.assertEqual(s.hash, 'de23bf31')
 
     summary = s.run(verbose=True)
     self.assertEqual(len(summary.evaluations), 2)
@@ -526,10 +526,10 @@ class SuiteTest(unittest.TestCase):
         lm=lm
     )
     # Test for persistent hash.
-    self.assertEqual(s.hash, '2910c323')
+    self.assertEqual(s.hash, '1c42f93e')
     s.run()
     expected = {
-        'Evaluation@e06b5967': dict(
+        s.children[0].id: dict(
             experiment_setup=dict(
                 id=s.children[0].id,
                 dir=s.children[0].dir,
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ class SuiteTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
             usage=s.children[0].result.usage,
         ),
-        'Evaluation@31a1c20a': dict(
+        s.children[1].children[0].id: dict(
             experiment_setup=dict(
                 id=s.children[1].children[0].id,
                 dir=s.children[1].children[0].dir,

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/eval/matching_test.py

@@ -99,11 +99,12 @@ class MatchingTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     s = eval_set('match_run_test', 'query', schema_fn=answer_schema(), lm=lm)
     s.run()
+    result_without_id = s.result.copy()
+    result_without_id['experiment_setup'].pop('id')
     self.assertEqual(
-        s.result,
+        result_without_id,
         dict(
             experiment_setup=dict(
-                id='MyTask@a98a284d',
                 dir=s.dir,
                 model='StaticSequence',
                 prompt_template='{{example.question}}',

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/eval/scoring_test.py

@@ -77,11 +77,12 @@ class ScoringTest(unittest.TestCase):
     s = eval_set(lm=lm)
     self.assertEqual(s.avg_score, 0.0)
     s.run()
+    result_copy = s.result.copy()
+    del result_copy['experiment_setup']['id']
     self.assertEqual(
-        s.result,
+        result_copy,
         dict(
             experiment_setup=dict(
-                id='ConstraintFollowing@90671d5e',
                 dir=s.dir,
                 model='StaticSequence',
                 prompt_template='{{example}}',
@@ -89,10 +90,7 @@ class ScoringTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 schema_fn='float_list()',
             ),
             cache_stats=dict(
-                use_cache=True,
-                num_queries=2,
-                num_hits=0,
-                num_updates=2,
+                use_cache=True, num_queries=2, num_hits=0, num_updates=2
             ),
             metrics=dict(
                 total=2,

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/langfunc_test.py

@@ -107,9 +107,10 @@ class LangFuncCallTest(unittest.TestCase):
         ' lm=ExcitedEchoer(sampling_options=LMSamplingOptions(temperature=None,'
         ' max_tokens=None, n=1, top_k=40, top_p=None, stop=None,'
         ' random_seed=None, logprobs=False, top_logprobs=None,'
-        ' max_thinking_tokens=None), cache=None, max_concurrency=None,'
-        ' timeout=120.0, max_attempts=5, retry_interval=(5, 60),'
-        ' exponential_backoff=True, max_retry_interval=300, debug=False))',
+        ' max_thinking_tokens=None, reasoning_effort=None), cache=None,'
+        ' max_concurrency=None, timeout=120.0, max_attempts=5,'
+        ' retry_interval=(5, 60), exponential_backoff=True,'
+        ' max_retry_interval=300, debug=False))',
     )
 
     l = LangFunc('Hello')

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/language_model.py

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ class LMSamplingUsage(pg.Object):
       ),
   ] = None
   retry_stats: RetryStats = RetryStats()
+  completion_tokens_details: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
   def __bool__(self) -> bool:
     return self.num_requests > 0
@@ -572,6 +573,15 @@ class LMSamplingOptions(component.Component):
       int | None, 'Number of max thinking tokens.'
   ] = None
 
+  reasoning_effort: Annotated[
+      Literal['low', 'medium', 'high'] | None,
+      (
+          'This parameter is used by OpenAI reasoning models (e.g. O3, O4 mini)'
+          ' to guides how many reasoning tokens to generate before creating a'
+          ' response to the prompt.'
+      ),
+  ] = None
+
   def cache_key(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
     """Returns a tuple of current values as cache key."""
     return (

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/llms/__init__.py

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ VertexAIGeminiFlash1_5 = VertexAIGemini15Flash
 # OpenAI models.
 from langfun.core.llms.openai import OpenAI
 
+from langfun.core.llms.openai import GptO3
+from langfun.core.llms.openai import GptO4Mini
 from langfun.core.llms.openai import Gpt45Preview_20250227
 from langfun.core.llms.openai import GptO3Mini
 from langfun.core.llms.openai import GptO1

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/llms/openai.py

@@ -49,6 +49,54 @@ class OpenAIModelInfo(lf.ModelInfo):
 #
 
 SUPPORTED_MODELS = [
+    # o3 models.
+    OpenAIModelInfo(
+        model_id='o3',
+        alias_for='o3-2025-04-16',
+        in_service=True,
+        model_type='thinking',
+        description='GPT O3 model.',
+        url='https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/o3',
+        input_modalities=OpenAIModelInfo.INPUT_IMAGE_TYPES,
+        context_length=lf.ModelInfo.ContextLength(
+            max_input_tokens=200_000,
+            max_output_tokens=100_000,
+        ),
+        pricing=lf.ModelInfo.Pricing(
+            cost_per_1m_cached_input_tokens=2.5,
+            cost_per_1m_input_tokens=10.0,
+            cost_per_1m_output_tokens=40.0,
+        ),
+        # Set to 1/3 of Tier 5 rate limits.
+        rate_limits=lf.ModelInfo.RateLimits(
+            max_requests_per_minute=3_000,
+            max_tokens_per_minute=10_000_000,
+        ),
+    ),
+    # o4-mini models.
+    OpenAIModelInfo(
+        model_id='o4-mini',
+        alias_for='o4-mini-2025-04-16',
+        in_service=True,
+        model_type='thinking',
+        description='GPT O4-mini model.',
+        url='https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/o4-mini',
+        input_modalities=OpenAIModelInfo.INPUT_IMAGE_TYPES,
+        context_length=lf.ModelInfo.ContextLength(
+            max_input_tokens=200_000,
+            max_output_tokens=100_000,
+        ),
+        pricing=lf.ModelInfo.Pricing(
+            cost_per_1m_cached_input_tokens=0.275,
+            cost_per_1m_input_tokens=1.1,
+            cost_per_1m_output_tokens=4.4,
+        ),
+        # Set to 1/3 of Tier 5 rate limits.
+        rate_limits=lf.ModelInfo.RateLimits(
+            max_requests_per_minute=10_000,
+            max_tokens_per_minute=50_000_000,
+        ),
+    ),
     # GPT-4.5 models
     OpenAIModelInfo(
         model_id='gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27',
@@ -997,6 +1045,20 @@ class OpenAI(openai_compatible.OpenAICompatible):
     return super()._request_args(options)
 
 
+class GptO4Mini(OpenAI):
+  """GPT O4 mini."""
+
+  model = 'o4-mini'
+  timeout = None
+
+
+class GptO3(OpenAI):
+  """GPT O3."""
+
+  model = 'o3'
+  timeout = None
+
+
 class Gpt45Preview_20250227(OpenAI):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
   """Gpt-4.5 Preview 2025-02-27."""
 

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/llms/openai_compatible.py

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ class OpenAICompatible(rest.REST):
       args['stop'] = options.stop
     if options.random_seed is not None:
       args['seed'] = options.random_seed
+    if options.reasoning_effort is not None:
+      args['reasoning_effort'] = options.reasoning_effort
     return args
 
   def request(
@@ -156,7 +158,9 @@ class OpenAICompatible(rest.REST):
             prompt_tokens=usage['prompt_tokens'],
             completion_tokens=usage['completion_tokens'],
             total_tokens=usage['total_tokens'],
-
+            completion_tokens_details=usage.get(
+                'completion_tokens_details', None
+            ),
         ),
     )
 

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun/core/message_test.py

@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assert_html_content(
         ai_message.to_html(enable_summary_tooltip=False),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">x<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">1</span></details><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">y<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">2</span></details><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">z<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-name">a<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></div><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div></details></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div></details></div></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">x<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">1</span></details><details open class="pyglove int"><summary><div class="summary-name">y<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></div><div class="summary-title">int</div></summary><span class="simple-value int">2</span></details><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">z<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-name">a<span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></div><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div></details></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><details open class="pyglove str"><summary><div class="summary-name">content<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></div><div class="summary-title">str</div></summary><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></details></div></details></div></details></div></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
     self.assert_html_content(
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
         ),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details open class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details open class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
     self.assert_html_content(
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
         ),
         """
-        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
+        <details open class="pyglove ai-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-title lf-message">AIMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-response</span><span>lm-output</span></div><div class="message-text">My name is Gemini</div><div class="message-result"><details open class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-name">result<span class="tooltip">metadata.result</span></div><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">x</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.x</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">y</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.y</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">z</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">a</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a</span></td><td><details class="pyglove list"><summary><div class="summary-title">List(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value list"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key int">0</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[0]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key int">1</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.result.z.a[1]</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">323</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-usage"><details open class="pyglove lm-sampling-usage"><summary><div class="summary-name">llm usage<span class="tooltip">metadata.usage</span></div><div class="summary-title">LMSamplingUsage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value lm-sampling-usage"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">prompt_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.prompt_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">10</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">2</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_tokens</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.total_tokens</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">12</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_requests</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.num_requests</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">1</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">estimated_cost</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.estimated_cost</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">retry_stats</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats</span></td><td><details class="pyglove retry-stats"><summary><div class="summary-title">RetryStats(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value retry-stats"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">num_occurences</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.num_occurences</span></td><td><span class="simple-value int">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_wait_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_wait_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">total_call_interval</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.total_call_interval</span></td><td><span class="simple-value float">0.0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">errors</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.retry_stats.errors</span></td><td><details class="pyglove dict"><summary><div class="summary-title">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr><tr><td><span class="object-key str">completion_tokens_details</span><span class="tooltip">metadata.usage.completion_tokens_details</span></td><td><span class="simple-value none-type">None</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"><span>lm-input</span></div><div class="message-text">What is in this image?<div class="modality-in-text"><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-name">image<span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></div><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></div>this is a test</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">image</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image</span></td><td><details class="pyglove custom-modality"><summary><div class="summary-title">CustomModality(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value custom-modality"><table><tr><td><span class="object-key str">content</span><span class="tooltip">source.metadata.image.content</span></td><td><span class="simple-value str">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span></td></tr></table></div></details></td></tr></table></div></details></div><details open class="pyglove user-message lf-message"><summary><div class="summary-name lf-message">source<span class="tooltip lf-message">source.source</span></div><div class="summary-title lf-message">UserMessage(...)</div></summary><div class="complex_value"><div class="message-tags"></div><div class="message-text">User input</div><div class="message-metadata"><details open class="pyglove dict message-metadata"><summary><div class="summary-name message-metadata">metadata<span class="tooltip message-metadata">source.source.metadata</span></div><div class="summary-title message-metadata">Dict(...)</div></summary><div class="complex-value dict"><span class="empty-container"></span></div></details></div></div></details></div></details></div></details>
         """
     )
 

{langfun-0.1.2.dev202504170804 → langfun-0.1.2.dev202504190803}/langfun.egg-info/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: langfun
-Version: 0.1.2.dev202504170804
+Version: 0.1.2.dev202504190803
 Summary: Langfun: Language as Functions.
 Home-page: https://github.com/google/langfun
 Author: Langfun Authors