jentic-openapi-transformer 1.0.0a18__tar.gz

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/NOTICE

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+Jentic OpenAPI Tools
+Copyright (c) 2025 Jentic
+Jentic OpenAPI Tools is licensed under Apache 2.0 license.
+Copy of the Apache 2.0 license can be found in `LICENSE` file.

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: jentic-openapi-transformer
+Version: 1.0.0a18
+Summary: Jentic OpenAPI Transformer
+Author: Jentic
+Author-email: Jentic <hello@jentic.com>
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: NOTICE
+Requires-Dist: jentic-openapi-common~=1.0.0a18
+Requires-Dist: jentic-openapi-parser~=1.0.0a18
+Requires-Dist: jentic-openapi-traverse~=1.0.0a18
+Requires-Dist: jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly~=1.0.0a18 ; extra == 'redocly'
+Requires-Python: >=3.11
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/jentic/jentic-openapi-tools
+Provides-Extra: redocly
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# jentic-openapi-transformer
+
+A Python library for transforming and bundling OpenAPI documents. This package is part of the Jentic OpenAPI Tools ecosystem and provides a flexible, extensible architecture for OpenAPI document transformation with support for pluggable backends.
+
+## Features
+
+- **Pluggable Backend Architecture**: Support for multiple bundling strategies via entry points
+- **Multiple Input Formats**: Accept OpenAPI documents as file paths, URIs, or Python dictionaries
+- **Flexible Output Types**: Return bundled documents as JSON strings or Python dictionaries
+- **Type Safety**: Full type hints with overloaded methods for precise return types
+- **Extensible Design**: Easy integration of third-party bundling backends
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install jentic-openapi-transformer
+```
+
+**Prerequisites:**
+- Python 3.11+
+
+**Optional Backends:**
+
+For advanced bundling with external reference resolution:
+
+```bash
+pip install jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly
+```
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Basic Bundling
+
+```python
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.core import OpenAPIBundler
+
+# Create a bundler with the default backend
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler()
+
+# Bundle from a file URI and return as dictionary
+result = bundler.bundle("file:///path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+print(result["info"]["title"])
+
+# Bundle from a file URI and return as JSON string
+json_result = bundler.bundle("file:///path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=str)
+print(json_result)
+```
+
+### Bundle from Dictionary
+
+```python
+# Bundle an OpenAPI document from a Python dictionary
+openapi_doc = {
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "info": {"title": "My API", "version": "1.0.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/users": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Get users",
+                "responses": {"200": {"description": "Success"}}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+result = bundler.bundle(openapi_doc, return_type=dict)
+```
+
+### Using Different Backends
+
+```python
+# Use the default backend (no external reference resolution)
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("default")
+result = bundler.bundle("/path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+
+# Use the Redocly backend (requires jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly)
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("redocly")
+result = bundler.bundle("/path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+```
+
+## Configuration Options
+
+### Backend Selection
+
+```python
+# Use default backend by name
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("default")
+
+# Pass a backend instance directly
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends.default import DefaultBundlerBackend
+backend = DefaultBundlerBackend()
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(backend=backend)
+
+# Pass a backend class
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(backend=DefaultBundlerBackend)
+```
+
+### Custom Parser
+
+```python
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.parser.core import OpenAPIParser
+
+# Use a custom parser instance
+parser = OpenAPIParser()
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(parser=parser)
+```
+
+### Return Type Control
+
+```python
+# Return as dictionary (typed)
+dict_result: dict = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=dict)
+
+# Return as JSON string (typed)
+str_result: str = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=str)
+
+# Return as plain (auto-detected type)
+plain_result = bundler.bundle(document)
+```
+
+### Strict Mode
+
+```python
+# Enable strict type checking for return type
+try:
+    result = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=dict, strict=True)
+except TypeError as e:
+    print(f"Type mismatch: {e}")
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+Run the test suite:
+
+```bash
+uv run --package jentic-openapi-transformer pytest packages/jentic-openapi-transformer -v
+```
+
+### Integration Tests
+
+The package includes integration tests for backend discovery and bundling. Tests requiring external backends (like Redocly) will be automatically skipped if the backend package is not installed.
+
+## API Reference
+
+### OpenAPIBundler
+
+```python
+class OpenAPIBundler:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        backend: str | BaseBundlerBackend | Type[BaseBundlerBackend] | None = None,
+        parser: OpenAPIParser | None = None,
+    ) -> None
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+- `backend`: Backend name, instance, or class. Defaults to "default"
+- `parser`: Custom OpenAPIParser instance (optional)
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `bundle(document: str | dict, base_url: str | None = None, *, return_type: type[T] | None = None, strict: bool = False) -> T`
+  - Bundles an OpenAPI document with specified return type
+  - `document`: File path, URI, JSON/YAML string, or dictionary
+  - `base_url`: Optional base URL for resolving relative references
+  - `return_type`: Desired output type (str, dict, or None for auto)
+  - `strict`: Enable strict return type validation
+
+## Available Backends
+
+### base
+Abstract base class for custom bundler backends. Not for direct use.
+
+### default
+Basic bundling backend without external reference resolution. Suitable for single-file OpenAPI documents.
+
+### redocly (Optional)
+Advanced bundling backend using Redocly CLI with full reference resolution across multiple files.
+
+Install: `pip install jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly`

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# jentic-openapi-transformer
+
+A Python library for transforming and bundling OpenAPI documents. This package is part of the Jentic OpenAPI Tools ecosystem and provides a flexible, extensible architecture for OpenAPI document transformation with support for pluggable backends.
+
+## Features
+
+- **Pluggable Backend Architecture**: Support for multiple bundling strategies via entry points
+- **Multiple Input Formats**: Accept OpenAPI documents as file paths, URIs, or Python dictionaries
+- **Flexible Output Types**: Return bundled documents as JSON strings or Python dictionaries
+- **Type Safety**: Full type hints with overloaded methods for precise return types
+- **Extensible Design**: Easy integration of third-party bundling backends
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install jentic-openapi-transformer
+```
+
+**Prerequisites:**
+- Python 3.11+
+
+**Optional Backends:**
+
+For advanced bundling with external reference resolution:
+
+```bash
+pip install jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly
+```
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Basic Bundling
+
+```python
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.core import OpenAPIBundler
+
+# Create a bundler with the default backend
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler()
+
+# Bundle from a file URI and return as dictionary
+result = bundler.bundle("file:///path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+print(result["info"]["title"])
+
+# Bundle from a file URI and return as JSON string
+json_result = bundler.bundle("file:///path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=str)
+print(json_result)
+```
+
+### Bundle from Dictionary
+
+```python
+# Bundle an OpenAPI document from a Python dictionary
+openapi_doc = {
+    "openapi": "3.1.0",
+    "info": {"title": "My API", "version": "1.0.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/users": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Get users",
+                "responses": {"200": {"description": "Success"}}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+result = bundler.bundle(openapi_doc, return_type=dict)
+```
+
+### Using Different Backends
+
+```python
+# Use the default backend (no external reference resolution)
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("default")
+result = bundler.bundle("/path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+
+# Use the Redocly backend (requires jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly)
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("redocly")
+result = bundler.bundle("/path/to/openapi.yaml", return_type=dict)
+```
+
+## Configuration Options
+
+### Backend Selection
+
+```python
+# Use default backend by name
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler("default")
+
+# Pass a backend instance directly
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends.default import DefaultBundlerBackend
+backend = DefaultBundlerBackend()
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(backend=backend)
+
+# Pass a backend class
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(backend=DefaultBundlerBackend)
+```
+
+### Custom Parser
+
+```python
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.parser.core import OpenAPIParser
+
+# Use a custom parser instance
+parser = OpenAPIParser()
+bundler = OpenAPIBundler(parser=parser)
+```
+
+### Return Type Control
+
+```python
+# Return as dictionary (typed)
+dict_result: dict = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=dict)
+
+# Return as JSON string (typed)
+str_result: str = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=str)
+
+# Return as plain (auto-detected type)
+plain_result = bundler.bundle(document)
+```
+
+### Strict Mode
+
+```python
+# Enable strict type checking for return type
+try:
+    result = bundler.bundle(document, return_type=dict, strict=True)
+except TypeError as e:
+    print(f"Type mismatch: {e}")
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+Run the test suite:
+
+```bash
+uv run --package jentic-openapi-transformer pytest packages/jentic-openapi-transformer -v
+```
+
+### Integration Tests
+
+The package includes integration tests for backend discovery and bundling. Tests requiring external backends (like Redocly) will be automatically skipped if the backend package is not installed.
+
+## API Reference
+
+### OpenAPIBundler
+
+```python
+class OpenAPIBundler:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        backend: str | BaseBundlerBackend | Type[BaseBundlerBackend] | None = None,
+        parser: OpenAPIParser | None = None,
+    ) -> None
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+- `backend`: Backend name, instance, or class. Defaults to "default"
+- `parser`: Custom OpenAPIParser instance (optional)
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `bundle(document: str | dict, base_url: str | None = None, *, return_type: type[T] | None = None, strict: bool = False) -> T`
+  - Bundles an OpenAPI document with specified return type
+  - `document`: File path, URI, JSON/YAML string, or dictionary
+  - `base_url`: Optional base URL for resolving relative references
+  - `return_type`: Desired output type (str, dict, or None for auto)
+  - `strict`: Enable strict return type validation
+
+## Available Backends
+
+### base
+Abstract base class for custom bundler backends. Not for direct use.
+
+### default
+Basic bundling backend without external reference resolution. Suitable for single-file OpenAPI documents.
+
+### redocly (Optional)
+Advanced bundling backend using Redocly CLI with full reference resolution across multiple files.
+
+Install: `pip install jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly`

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[project]
+name = "jentic-openapi-transformer"
+version = "1.0.0-alpha.18"
+description = "Jentic OpenAPI Transformer"
+readme = "README.md"
+authors = [{ name = "Jentic", email = "hello@jentic.com" }]
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+license-files = ["LICENSE", "NOTICE"]
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+dependencies = [
+  "jentic-openapi-common~=1.0.0-alpha.18",
+  "jentic-openapi-parser~=1.0.0-alpha.18",
+  "jentic-openapi-traverse~=1.0.0-alpha.18",
+]
+
+[tool.uv]
+package = true
+
+[tool.uv.build-backend]
+namespace = true
+module-name = "jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer"
+module-root = "src/"
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+redocly = ["jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly~=1.0.0-alpha.18"]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/jentic/jentic-openapi-tools"
+
+[tool.uv.sources]
+jentic-openapi-common = { workspace = true }
+jentic-openapi-parser = { workspace = true }
+jentic-openapi-traverse = { workspace = true }
+jentic-openapi-transformer-redocly = { workspace = true }
+
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["uv_build~=0.8.15"]
+build-backend = "uv_build"
+
+[project.entry-points."jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends"]
+default = "jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends.default:DefaultBundlerBackend"

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/bundler/backends/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
+
+
+__all__ = ["BaseBundlerBackend"]
+
+
+class BaseBundlerBackend(ABC):
+    """
+    Base interface that all bundler backends must implement.
+
+    Bundler backends are responsible for taking OpenAPI documents and transforming
+    them through various operations like bundling, reference resolution, component
+    extraction, etc.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def bundle(self, document: str | dict, *, base_url: str | None = None) -> Any:
+        """
+        Bundle an OpenAPI document.
+
+        Args:
+            document: The OpenAPI document to bundle. Can be a string (JSON/YAML)
+                     or a dict representation.
+            base_url: Optional base URI for resolving relative references.
+
+        Returns:
+            The bundled OpenAPI document. Type conversion is handled by the main bundler class.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If bundling fails for any reason.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def accepts() -> Sequence[str]:
+        """
+        Return a sequence of input formats this backend can handle.
+
+        Returns:
+            Sequence of supported input formats. Common values:
+            - "dict": Accepts dictionary/object representation
+            - "text": Accepts string (JSON/YAML) representation
+            - "uri": Accepts URI/file path references
+        """
+        ...

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/bundler/backends/default.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Literal
+
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends.base import BaseBundlerBackend
+
+
+__all__ = ["DefaultBundlerBackend"]
+
+
+class DefaultBundlerBackend(BaseBundlerBackend):
+    """
+    Default bundler backend that performs basic pass-through bundling.
+
+    This is a placeholder implementation that returns the document unchanged.
+    In a production implementation, this would perform actual bundling operations
+    like reference resolution, component extraction, etc.
+    """
+
+    def bundle(self, document: str | dict, *, base_url: str | None = None) -> dict:
+        """
+        Bundle an OpenAPI document using the default backend.
+
+        Currently, performs no actual bundling - just validates the input
+        and returns it unchanged.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(document, dict):
+            raise TypeError(f"Default bundler expects dict input, got {type(document).__name__}")
+        return document
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def accepts() -> Sequence[Literal["dict"]]:
+        """Return supported input formats.
+
+        Returns:
+            Sequence of supported document format identifiers:
+            - "dict": Python dictionary containing OpenAPI Document data
+        """
+        return ["dict"]

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/bundler/core/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .bundler import OpenAPIBundler
+
+
+__all__ = ["OpenAPIBundler"]

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/bundler/core/bundler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import importlib.metadata
+import json
+import logging
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence, Type, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.parser.core import OpenAPIParser
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends.base import BaseBundlerBackend
+
+
+__all__ = ["OpenAPIBundler"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Cache entry points at module level for performance
+try:
+    _BUNDLER_BACKENDS = {
+        ep.name: ep
+        for ep in importlib.metadata.entry_points(
+            group="jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends"
+        )
+    }
+except Exception as e:
+    warnings.warn(f"Failed to load bundler backend entry points: {e}", RuntimeWarning)
+    _BUNDLER_BACKENDS = {}
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class OpenAPIBundler:
+    """
+    Provides a bundler for OpenAPI specifications using customizable backends.
+
+    This class is designed to facilitate the bundling of OpenAPI documents.
+    It supports one backend at a time and can be extended through backends.
+
+    Attributes:
+        backend: Backend used by the parser implementing the BaseBundlerBackend interface.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        backend: str | BaseBundlerBackend | Type[BaseBundlerBackend] | None = None,
+        parser: OpenAPIParser | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.parser = parser if parser else OpenAPIParser()
+        backend = backend if backend else "default"
+
+        if isinstance(backend, str):
+            if backend in _BUNDLER_BACKENDS:
+                backend_class = _BUNDLER_BACKENDS[backend].load()  # loads the class
+                self.backend = backend_class()
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"No bundler backend named '{backend}' found")
+        elif isinstance(backend, BaseBundlerBackend):
+            self.backend = backend
+        elif isinstance(backend, type) and issubclass(backend, BaseBundlerBackend):
+            # if a class (not instance) is passed
+            self.backend = backend()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Invalid backend type: must be name or backend class/instance")
+
+    @overload
+    def bundle(
+        self,
+        document: str | dict,
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        return_type: type[str],
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def bundle(
+        self,
+        document: str | dict,
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        return_type: type[dict[str, Any]],
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def bundle(
+        self,
+        document: str | dict,
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        return_type: type[T],
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> T: ...
+
+    def bundle(
+        self,
+        document: str | dict,
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        return_type: type[T] | None = None,
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        raw = self._bundle(document, base_url)
+
+        if return_type is None:
+            return self._to_plain(raw)
+
+        # Handle conversion to a string type
+        if return_type is str and not isinstance(raw, str):
+            if isinstance(raw, (dict, list)):
+                return cast(T, json.dumps(raw))
+            else:
+                return cast(T, str(raw))
+
+        # Handle conversion from string to dict type
+        if return_type is dict and isinstance(raw, str):
+            try:
+                return cast(T, json.loads(raw))
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                if strict:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse string as JSON: {raw}")
+                return cast(T, raw)
+
+        if strict:
+            if not isinstance(raw, return_type):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Expected {getattr(return_type, '__name__', return_type)}, "
+                    f"got {type(raw).__name__}"
+                )
+
+        return cast(T, raw)
+
+    def _bundle(self, document: str | dict, base_url: str | None = None) -> Any:
+        text = document
+        data = None
+        result = None
+
+        if isinstance(document, str):
+            is_uri = self.parser.is_uri_like(document)
+            is_text = not is_uri
+
+            if is_text:
+                data = self.parser.parse(document)
+
+            if is_uri and self.has_non_uri_backend():
+                text = self.parser.load_uri(document)
+                if not data or data is None:
+                    data = self.parser.parse(text)
+        else:
+            is_uri = False
+
+        data = text if not data or data is None else data
+
+        backend_document = None
+        if is_uri and "uri" in self.backend.accepts():
+            backend_document = document
+        elif is_uri and "text" in self.backend.accepts():
+            backend_document = text
+        elif is_uri and "dict" in self.backend.accepts():
+            backend_document = data
+        elif not is_uri and "text" in self.backend.accepts():
+            backend_document = text
+        elif not is_uri and "dict" in self.backend.accepts():
+            backend_document = data
+
+        if backend_document is not None:
+            try:
+                result = self.backend.bundle(backend_document)
+            except Exception:
+                # TODO(fracensco@jentic.com): Add to parser/validation chain result
+                logger.exception("Error bundling document")
+                raise
+
+        if result is None:
+            raise ValueError("No valid document found")
+        return result
+
+    def has_non_uri_backend(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if any backend accepts 'text' or 'dict' but not 'uri'."""
+        accepted = self.backend.accepts()
+        return ("text" in accepted or "dict" in accepted) and "uri" not in accepted
+
+    def _to_plain(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+        # Mapping
+        if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+            return {k: self._to_plain(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+
+        # Sequence but NOT str/bytes
+        if isinstance(value, Sequence) and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+            return [self._to_plain(x) for x in value]
+
+        # Scalar
+        return value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def list_backends() -> list[str]:
+        """
+        List all available bundler backends registered via entry points.
+
+        This static method discovers and returns the names of all bundler backends
+        that have been registered in the 'jentic.apitools.openapi.transformer.bundler.backends'
+        entry point group.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of backend names that can be used when initializing OpenAPIBundler.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> backends = OpenAPIBundler.list_backends()
+            >>> print(backends)
+            ['default', 'redocly']
+        """
+        return list(_BUNDLER_BACKENDS.keys())

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/core/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .normalize import normalize
+
+
+__all__ = ["normalize"]

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/core/normalize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.parser.core import OpenAPIParser
+
+
+def normalize(document: str) -> dict:
+    """
+    Parse and perform a trivial 'normalization' to prove the flow works.
+    Later: real bundling, $ref deref, component hoisting, etc.
+    """
+    parse_result = dict(OpenAPIParser().parse(document))
+    parse_result.setdefault("x-jentic", {})["transformed"] = True
+
+    return parse_result

jentic_openapi_transformer-1.0.0a18/src/jentic/apitools/openapi/transformer/core/references.py

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterator, List, MutableMapping, Tuple, cast
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.common.uri import (
+    is_absolute_uri,
+    is_fragment_only_uri,
+    is_http_https_url,
+    is_scheme_relative_uri,
+)
+from jentic.apitools.openapi.traverse.json import JSONPath, traverse
+
+
+# TODO(vladimir@jentic.com): this needs to be refactored when we have OpenAPI datamodel available
+
+__all__ = [
+    "find_relative_urls",
+    "find_absolute_http_urls",
+    "RewriteOptions",
+    "rewrite_urls_inplace",
+    "iter_url_fields",
+    "count_references",
+]
+
+
+def count_references(root: Any) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+    """
+    Counts the number of references in a given data structure based on their type.
+
+    This function iterates through the provided structure to analyze and classify
+    different kinds of references. The classification includes relative references,
+    absolute HTTP/HTTPS references, local references, and the total number of
+    references.
+
+    Args:
+        root: Any
+            The root data structure containing references to be analyzed.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[int, int, int, int]: A tuple containing the following counts:
+            - Total references count
+            - Local references count
+            - Relative references count
+            - Absolute HTTP/HTTPS references count
+    """
+    relative_refs_count = 0
+    absolute_http_refs_count = 0
+    total_refs_count = 0
+    local_refs_count = 0
+
+    for path, _parent, key, value in iter_url_fields(root):
+        assert isinstance(key, str)
+        total_refs_count += 1
+        if key == "$ref" and is_fragment_only_uri(value):
+            local_refs_count += 1
+            continue
+        if _is_relative_like(value):
+            relative_refs_count += 1
+        elif not _is_relative_like(value) and is_http_https_url(value):
+            absolute_http_refs_count += 1
+    return total_refs_count, local_refs_count, relative_refs_count, absolute_http_refs_count
+
+
+def find_relative_urls(root: Any) -> List[Tuple[JSONPath, str, str]]:
+    """
+    Return a list of (json_path, key, value) for any URL-like field
+    (including $ref) whose value is relative (e.g., 'schemas/a.yaml', '../b', '/c')
+    and not a pure fragment '#/...' .
+    """
+    out: List[Tuple[JSONPath, str, str]] = []
+    for path, _parent, key, value in iter_url_fields(root):
+        assert isinstance(key, str)
+        if key == "$ref" and is_fragment_only_uri(value):
+            continue
+        if _is_relative_like(value):
+            new_path = cast(JSONPath, (*path, key))
+            out.append((new_path, key, value))
+    return out
+
+
+def find_absolute_http_urls(root: Any) -> List[Tuple[JSONPath, str, str]]:
+    """
+    Return a list of (json_path, key, value) for any URL-like field
+    (including $ref) whose value is absolute and http
+    """
+    out: List[Tuple[JSONPath, str, str]] = []
+    for path, _parent, key, value in iter_url_fields(root):
+        assert isinstance(key, str)
+        if key == "$ref" and is_fragment_only_uri(value):
+            continue
+        if not _is_relative_like(value) and is_http_https_url(value):
+            new_path = cast(JSONPath, (*path, key))
+            out.append((new_path, key, value))
+    return out
+
+
+class RewriteOptions:
+    """
+    Options for rewrite_urls_inplace.
+    - base_url:           New base for *relative* refs/URLs.
+    - original_base_url:  If provided together with include_absolute_urls=True, we'll
+                          retarget absolute URLs that begin with original_base_url to base_url.
+    - include_absolute_urls: If True (and original_base_url given), retarget absolute URLs too.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("base_url", "original_base_url", "include_absolute_urls")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base_url: str,
+        original_base_url: str | None = None,
+        include_absolute_urls: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.base_url = base_url
+        self.original_base_url = original_base_url
+        self.include_absolute_urls = include_absolute_urls
+
+
+def rewrite_urls_inplace(root: Any, opts: RewriteOptions) -> int:
+    """
+    Rewrite $ref and other URL-bearing fields in-place.
+    Rules:
+    - Relative values (except fragment-only) are absolutized against opts.base_url.
+    - If opts.include_absolute_urls and opts.original_base_url are set,
+      then any absolute URL beginning with original_base_url gets retargeted
+      to opts.base_url (prefix replacement).
+    Returns the number of fields changed.
+    """
+    changed = 0
+    for _path, parent, key, value in iter_url_fields(root):
+        # value is str by iter_url_fields contract
+        if key == "$ref" and is_fragment_only_uri(value):
+            continue  # keep pure fragments
+
+        new_value = value
+        if _is_relative_like(value):
+            new_value = _absolutize(value, opts.base_url)
+        elif opts.include_absolute_urls and opts.original_base_url and is_absolute_uri(value):
+            new_value = _retarget_absolute(value, opts.original_base_url, opts.base_url)
+
+        if new_value != value:
+            parent[key] = new_value  # parent is a mapping; key is str
+            changed += 1
+
+    return changed
+
+
+def iter_url_fields(root: Any) -> Iterator[Tuple[JSONPath, MutableMapping[str, Any], str, str]]:
+    """
+    Iterate over all places that likely carry URL/URI/Reference strings,
+    including $ref and common OpenAPI URL-bearing keys.
+    """
+    for node in traverse(root):
+        if (
+            isinstance(node.parent, MutableMapping)
+            and isinstance(node.segment, str)
+            and isinstance(node.value, str)
+            and node.segment in _URL_KEYS_EXPLICIT
+        ):
+            yield node.path, node.parent, node.segment, node.value
+
+
+# Keys that *by spec* or convention carry URL/URI references (OpenAPI 3.0/3.1).
+_URL_KEYS_EXPLICIT: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {
+        # JSON Reference
+        "$ref",
+        # JSON Schema / examples / links
+        "externalValue",
+        "operationRef",
+        # Info/Contact/License
+        "termsOfService",
+        "url",  # Contact.url, License.url, ExternalDocs.url, Server.url, etc.
+        # OAuth/OpenID
+        "authorizationUrl",
+        "tokenUrl",
+        "refreshUrl",
+        "openIdConnectUrl",
+        # Server Variable namespace can influence URLs, but we avoid touching variables.*.default
+        # Add more as needed (e.g., "namespace" in XML Object).
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _looks_like_uri(s: str) -> bool:
+    # Heuristic: treat strings with ':' before any slash as potentially absolute
+    # but we also want to catch relative paths like './x', '../x', 'a/b', '/a'
+    # We'll consider *any* non-empty string that isn't pure fragment as a URI candidate,
+    # and then rely on absolute/relative checks above.
+    return isinstance(s, str) and s != "" and not s.isspace()
+
+
+def _has_prefix(url: str, base: str) -> bool:
+    # Normalize both and compare prefix; use straightforward string prefix
+    # because urljoin/urlparse can recompose differently. Assumes base ends
+    # at a directory or resource boundary that you control.
+    return url.startswith(base)
+
+
+def _retarget_absolute(url: str, original_base_url: str, new_base_url: str) -> str:
+    """If url starts with original_base_url, replace with new_base_url."""
+    if _has_prefix(url, original_base_url):
+        return new_base_url + url[len(original_base_url) :]
+    return url
+
+
+def _absolutize(url: str, base_url: str) -> str:
+    """Make a relative URL absolute against base_url."""
+    return urljoin(base_url, url)
+
+
+def _is_relative_like(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Relative (incl. root-relative '/x') and not fragment-only or scheme-relative."""
+    if not _looks_like_uri(s):
+        return False
+    if is_fragment_only_uri(s) or is_scheme_relative_uri(s) or is_absolute_uri(s):
+        return False
+    # At this point treat anything else as relative: './x', '../x', 'x', 'x/y', '/x'
+    return True