itables 2.5.2.dev0__tar.gz → 2.6.0__tar.gz

{itables-2.5.2.dev0 → itables-2.6.0}/.gitignore

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 .idea
 .vscode
 
+# Pixi
+.pixi/
+
 # Python
 *.egg-info
 *.pyc
+
+# Build artifacts
 build
 dist
+conda-dist
 
 # Notebooks
 *.ipynb

{itables-2.5.2.dev0 → itables-2.6.0}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: itables
-Version: 2.5.2.dev0
-Summary: Pandas and Polar DataFrames as interactive DataTables
+Version: 2.6.0
+Summary: Python DataFrames as interactive DataTables
 Project-URL: Homepage, https://mwouts.github.io/itables/
 Project-URL: Documentation, https://mwouts.github.io/itables
 Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/mwouts/itables.git
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ License: MIT License
         OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
         SOFTWARE.
 License-File: LICENSE
-Keywords: DataTables,Interactive,Javascript,Pandas,Polars
+Keywords: DataTables,Interactive,Javascript,Narwhals,Pandas,Polars
 Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
 Classifier: Framework :: Dash
 Classifier: Framework :: Jupyter
@@ -45,15 +45,18 @@ Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
 Classifier: Typing :: Typed
 Requires-Python: >=3.9
-Requires-Dist: ipython
-Requires-Dist: numpy
-Requires-Dist: pandas
 Provides-Extra: all
 Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: ipython; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: marimo; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: modin[dask]; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: narwhals; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: pandas; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: platformdirs; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: polars; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'all'
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ Requires-Dist: streamlit; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: tomli; (python_version < '3.11') and extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: typeguard>=4.4.1; extra == 'all'
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == 'all'
 Requires-Dist: world-bank-data; extra == 'all'
 Provides-Extra: check-type
 Requires-Dist: typeguard>=4.4.1; extra == 'check-type'
@@ -72,20 +76,28 @@ Requires-Dist: platformdirs; extra == 'config'
 Requires-Dist: tomli; (python_version < '3.11') and extra == 'config'
 Provides-Extra: dash
 Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'dash'
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == 'dash'
 Provides-Extra: dev
 Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: ipykernel; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: ipython; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: jupyterlab; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: jupytext; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: marimo; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: modin[dask]; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: narwhals; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: nbconvert; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: pandas; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: pandas-stubs; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: platformdirs; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: polars; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: pyright; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: pytz; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: shiny; extra == 'dev'
@@ -94,11 +106,23 @@ Requires-Dist: streamlit; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: tomli; (python_version < '3.11') and extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: typeguard>=4.4.1; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: watchfiles; extra == 'dev'
 Requires-Dist: world-bank-data; extra == 'dev'
+Provides-Extra: marimo
+Requires-Dist: marimo; extra == 'marimo'
+Provides-Extra: narwhals
+Requires-Dist: narwhals; extra == 'narwhals'
+Provides-Extra: notebook
+Requires-Dist: ipython; extra == 'notebook'
+Provides-Extra: other-dataframes
+Requires-Dist: modin[dask]; extra == 'other-dataframes'
+Requires-Dist: narwhals; extra == 'other-dataframes'
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'other-dataframes'
+Provides-Extra: pandas
+Requires-Dist: pandas; extra == 'pandas'
 Provides-Extra: polars
 Requires-Dist: polars; extra == 'polars'
-Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'polars'
 Provides-Extra: samples
 Requires-Dist: pytz; extra == 'samples'
 Requires-Dist: world-bank-data; extra == 'samples'
@@ -109,28 +133,56 @@ Provides-Extra: streamlit
 Requires-Dist: streamlit; extra == 'streamlit'
 Provides-Extra: style
 Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == 'style'
-Provides-Extra: test
-Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: ipykernel; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: jupytext; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: marimo; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: nbconvert; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: platformdirs; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: polars; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: pytz; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: shiny; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: shinywidgets; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: streamlit; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: tomli; (python_version < '3.11') and extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: typeguard>=4.4.1; extra == 'test'
-Requires-Dist: world-bank-data; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pandas; extra == 'style'
+Provides-Extra: test-all
+Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: ipykernel; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: ipython; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: jupytext; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: marimo; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: modin[dask]; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: narwhals; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: nbconvert; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pandas; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: platformdirs; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: polars; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: pytz; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: shiny; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: shinywidgets; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: streamlit; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: tomli; (python_version < '3.11') and extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: typeguard>=4.4.1; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == 'test-all'
+Requires-Dist: world-bank-data; extra == 'test-all'
+Provides-Extra: test-base
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test-base'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test-base'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == 'test-base'
+Provides-Extra: test-dash
+Requires-Dist: dash; extra == 'test-dash'
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test-dash'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test-dash'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == 'test-dash'
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions; extra == 'test-dash'
+Provides-Extra: test-notebook
+Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: ipykernel; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: ipython; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: jupytext; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: nbconvert; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'test-notebook'
+Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'test-notebook'
 Provides-Extra: widget
 Requires-Dist: anywidget; extra == 'widget'
 Requires-Dist: traitlets; extra == 'widget'
@@ -150,16 +202,14 @@ Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
 [![Dash Component](https://img.shields.io/badge/Dash-Plotly-1098F7.svg?style=flat&logo=Plotly)](https://mwouts.github.io/itables/apps/dash.html)
 [![Streamlit App](https://static.streamlit.io/badges/streamlit_badge_black_red.svg)](https://itables.streamlit.app)
 
-This packages changes how Pandas and Polars DataFrames are rendered in Python notebooks and applications.
+This package changes how Pandas and Polars DataFrames are rendered in Python notebooks and applications.
 With `itables` you can display your tables as interactive [DataTables](https://datatables.net/)
 that you can sort, paginate, scroll or filter.
 
 ITables is just about how tables are displayed. You can turn it on and off in just two lines,
 with no other impact on your data workflow.
 
-The `itables` package only depends on `numpy`, `pandas` and `IPython`
-which you must already have if you work with Pandas in Jupyter (add `polars`, `pyarrow` if you
-work with Polars DataFrames).
+Since v2.6.0, ITables has no dependencies. It works out of the box with Pandas or Polars in Jupyter, Dash, Streamlit, or Marimo—you only need these packages installed. The Jupyter Widget is the sole exception, requiring `anywidget`. With Narwhals installed, ITables can also display DataFrames from other libraries like cuDF, Modin or PyArrow.
 
 ## Documentation
 
@@ -210,7 +260,7 @@ ITables is also available as
 ## Licence
 
 ITables is developed by [Marc Wouts](https://github.com/mwouts) on [GitHub](https://github.com/mwouts/itables),
-under a MIT license.
+under an MIT license.
 
 ITables is a wrapper for [datatables.net](https://datatables.net/) which is developed by Allan Jardine
-[(sponsor him!)](https://github.com/sponsors/AllanJard), also under a MIT license.
+[(sponsor him!)](https://github.com/sponsors/AllanJard), also under an MIT license.

{itables-2.5.2.dev0 → itables-2.6.0}/README.md

@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@
 [![Dash Component](https://img.shields.io/badge/Dash-Plotly-1098F7.svg?style=flat&logo=Plotly)](https://mwouts.github.io/itables/apps/dash.html)
 [![Streamlit App](https://static.streamlit.io/badges/streamlit_badge_black_red.svg)](https://itables.streamlit.app)
 
-This packages changes how Pandas and Polars DataFrames are rendered in Python notebooks and applications.
+This package changes how Pandas and Polars DataFrames are rendered in Python notebooks and applications.
 With `itables` you can display your tables as interactive [DataTables](https://datatables.net/)
 that you can sort, paginate, scroll or filter.
 
 ITables is just about how tables are displayed. You can turn it on and off in just two lines,
 with no other impact on your data workflow.
 
-The `itables` package only depends on `numpy`, `pandas` and `IPython`
-which you must already have if you work with Pandas in Jupyter (add `polars`, `pyarrow` if you
-work with Polars DataFrames).
+Since v2.6.0, ITables has no dependencies. It works out of the box with Pandas or Polars in Jupyter, Dash, Streamlit, or Marimo—you only need these packages installed. The Jupyter Widget is the sole exception, requiring `anywidget`. With Narwhals installed, ITables can also display DataFrames from other libraries like cuDF, Modin or PyArrow.
 
 ## Documentation
 
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ ITables is also available as
 ## Licence
 
 ITables is developed by [Marc Wouts](https://github.com/mwouts) on [GitHub](https://github.com/mwouts/itables),
-under a MIT license.
+under an MIT license.
 
 ITables is a wrapper for [datatables.net](https://datatables.net/) which is developed by Allan Jardine
-[(sponsor him!)](https://github.com/sponsors/AllanJard), also under a MIT license.
+[(sponsor him!)](https://github.com/sponsors/AllanJard), also under an MIT license.

{itables-2.5.2.dev0 → itables-2.6.0}/itables/__init__.py

@@ -10,6 +10,16 @@ from .typing import (
 )
 from .version import __version__
 
+try:
+    from itables import sample_pandas_dfs
+except ImportError:
+    sample_pandas_dfs = None
+
+try:
+    from itables import sample_polars_dfs
+except ImportError:
+    sample_polars_dfs = None
+
 __all__ = [
     "__version__",
     "to_html_datatable",
@@ -24,4 +34,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "options",
     "downsample",
     "sample_dfs",
+    "sample_pandas_dfs",
+    "sample_polars_dfs",
 ]

itables-2.6.0/itables/datatables_format.py

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence
+
+from .typing import DataFrameOrSeries, get_dataframe_module_name
+
+
+def _format_pandas_series(x, escape_html: bool) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    dtype_kind = x.dtype.kind
+    if dtype_kind in ["b", "i"]:
+        return x
+
+    if dtype_kind == "s":
+        if escape_html:
+            return x
+        return [escape_html_chars(i) for i in x]
+
+    import pandas.io.formats.format as fmt
+
+    try:
+        x = fmt.format_array(x._values, None, justify="all", leading_space=False)  # type: ignore
+    except TypeError:
+        # Older versions of Pandas don't have 'leading_space'
+        x = fmt.format_array(x._values, None, justify="all")  # type: ignore
+
+    y: Sequence[Any] = x
+    if dtype_kind == "f":
+        np = sys.modules["numpy"]
+        try:
+            z = np.array(x).astype(float)
+        except ValueError:
+            z = x
+            pass
+
+        y = [escape_non_finite_float(f) for f in z]
+
+    if escape_html:
+        return [escape_html_chars(i) for i in y]
+
+    return y
+
+
+def _format_polars_series(x, escape_html: bool) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    """Format a Polars Series for DataTables display"""
+    pl = sys.modules["polars"]
+    dtype = x.dtype
+
+    # Boolean and integer types - return as-is
+    if dtype in (
+        pl.Boolean,
+        pl.Int8,
+        pl.Int16,
+        pl.Int32,
+        pl.Int64,
+        pl.UInt8,
+        pl.UInt16,
+        pl.UInt32,
+        pl.UInt64,
+    ):
+        return x.to_list()
+
+    # Float types - format and handle non-finite values
+    if dtype in (pl.Float32, pl.Float64):
+        # Round floats according to Polars config
+        precision = pl.Config.state().get("set_float_precision")
+        if precision is None:
+            values = x.to_list()
+        else:
+            values = x.round(precision).to_list()
+        return [escape_non_finite_float(v) for v in values]
+
+    # Any other type: convert to string
+    try:
+        formatted = x.cast(str).to_list()
+    except pl.exceptions.InvalidOperationError:
+        formatted = [str(i) if i is not None else None for i in x.to_list()]
+
+    if escape_html:
+        return [escape_html_chars(i) for i in formatted]
+    return formatted
+
+
+def _format_narwhals_series(x, escape_html: bool) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    """Format a Narwhals Series for DataTables display"""
+    nw = sys.modules["narwhals"]
+    dtype = x.dtype
+
+    # Boolean and integer types - return as-is
+    if dtype in (
+        nw.Boolean,
+        nw.Int8,
+        nw.Int16,
+        nw.Int32,
+        nw.Int64,
+        nw.UInt8,
+        nw.UInt16,
+        nw.UInt32,
+        nw.UInt64,
+    ):
+        return [v for v in x]
+
+    # Float types - format and handle non-finite values
+    if dtype in (nw.Float32, nw.Float64):
+        return [escape_non_finite_float(v) for v in x]
+
+    formatted = [str(v) for v in x]
+    if escape_html:
+        return [escape_html_chars(i) for i in formatted]
+    return formatted
+
+
+def escape_non_finite_float(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Encode non-finite float values to strings that will be parsed by parseJSON"""
+    if not isinstance(value, float):
+        return value
+    if math.isnan(value):
+        return "___NaN___"
+    if value == math.inf:
+        return "___Infinity___"
+    if value == -math.inf:
+        return "___-Infinity___"
+    return value
+
+
+def escape_html_chars(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Escape HTML special characters"""
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return value.replace("&", r"&amp;").replace("<", r"&lt;").replace(">", r"&gt;")
+    return value
+
+
+def generate_encoder(warn_on_unexpected_types: bool = True) -> Any:
+    """Generate a JSON encoder that can handle special types like numpy"""
+
+    class TableValuesEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+        def default(self, o):
+            if isinstance(o, (bool, int, float, str)):
+                return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
+            module = type(o).__module__
+            if module == "numpy":
+                import numpy as np
+
+                if isinstance(o, np.bool_):
+                    return bool(o)
+                if isinstance(o, np.integer):
+                    return int(o)
+                if isinstance(o, np.floating):
+                    return float(o)
+            pd = sys.modules.get("pandas", None)
+            if pd is not None and o is pd.NA:
+                return str(o)
+
+            if warn_on_unexpected_types:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Unexpected type '{type(o)}' for '{o}'.\n"
+                    "You can report this warning at https://github.com/mwouts/itables/issues\n"
+                    "To silence this warning, please run:\n"
+                    "    itables.options.warn_on_unexpected_types = False",
+                    category=RuntimeWarning,
+                )
+            return str(o)
+
+    return TableValuesEncoder
+
+
+def datatables_rows(
+    df: DataFrameOrSeries,
+    column_count: Optional[int] = None,
+    warn_on_unexpected_types: bool = False,
+    escape_html: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Format the values in the table and return the data, row by row, as requested by DataTables"""
+    # We iterate over columns using an index rather than the column name
+    # to avoid an issue in case of duplicated column names #89
+    if column_count is None or len(df.columns) == column_count:
+        empty_columns = []
+    else:
+        # When the header requires more columns (#141), we append empty columns on the left
+        missing_columns = column_count - len(df.columns)
+        assert missing_columns > 0
+        empty_columns = [[None] * len(df)] * missing_columns
+
+    df_module = get_dataframe_module_name(df)
+    if df_module == "pandas":
+        formatted_columns = [
+            _format_pandas_series(x, escape_html) for _, x in df.items()
+        ]
+    elif df_module == "polars":
+        formatted_columns = [
+            _format_polars_series(df[col], escape_html) for col in df.columns
+        ]
+    else:
+        # Other DataFrame types are handled via Narwhals, and are expected
+        # to have been converted to Narwhals already (except in tests)
+        import narwhals as nw
+
+        df = nw.from_native(df, eager_only=True, allow_series=True)
+
+        formatted_columns = [
+            _format_narwhals_series(df[col], escape_html) for col in df.columns
+        ]
+
+    data = list(zip(*(empty_columns + formatted_columns)))
+
+    return json.dumps(
+        data,
+        cls=generate_encoder(warn_on_unexpected_types),
+        allow_nan=False,
+    )

{itables-2.5.2.dev0 → itables-2.6.0}/itables/downsample.py

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 import math
 from typing import Union
 
-import pandas as pd
+from itables.typing import (
+    DataFrameModuleName,
+    DataFrameOrSeries,
+    get_dataframe_module_name,
+)
 
-from itables.typing import DataFrameOrSeries
 
+def nbytes(df: DataFrameOrSeries, df_module_name: DataFrameModuleName = None) -> int:
+    """Return an estimate for number of bytes used by the dataframe"""
+    if df_module_name is None:
+        df_module_name = get_dataframe_module_name(df)
+        assert df_module_name is not None
 
-def nbytes(df: DataFrameOrSeries) -> int:
-    try:
+    if df_module_name in ["pandas", "numpy"]:
         return sum(x.values.nbytes for _, x in df.items())
-    except AttributeError:
-        # Polars DataFrame
+    else:
+        # Polars or Narwhalified DataFrame
         return df.estimated_size()
 
 
@@ -34,19 +41,31 @@ def as_nbytes(mem: Union[int, float, str]) -> int:
 
 def downsample(
     df: DataFrameOrSeries,
+    df_module_name: DataFrameModuleName = None,
     max_rows: int = 0,
     max_columns: int = 0,
     max_bytes: Union[int, str] = 0,
 ) -> tuple[DataFrameOrSeries, str]:
     """Return a subset of the dataframe that fits the limits"""
-    org_rows, org_columns, org_bytes = len(df), len(df.columns), nbytes(df)
+    if df_module_name is None:
+        df_module_name = get_dataframe_module_name(df)
+
+    org_rows, org_columns, org_bytes = (
+        len(df),
+        len(df.columns),
+        nbytes(df, df_module_name),
+    )
     max_bytes_numeric = as_nbytes(max_bytes)
     df = _downsample(
-        df, max_rows=max_rows, max_columns=max_columns, max_bytes=max_bytes_numeric
+        df,
+        df_module_name,
+        max_rows=max_rows,
+        max_columns=max_columns,
+        max_bytes=max_bytes_numeric,
     )
 
     if len(df) < org_rows or len(df.columns) < org_columns:
-        link = '<a href="https://mwouts.github.io/itables/downsampling.html">downsampled</a>'
+        downsampled = '<a href="https://mwouts.github.io/itables/downsampling.html">downsampled</a>'
         reasons = []
         if org_rows > max_rows > 0:
             reasons.append("maxRows={}".format(max_rows))
@@ -55,16 +74,14 @@ def downsample(
         if org_bytes > max_bytes_numeric > 0:
             reasons.append("maxBytes={}".format(max_bytes))
 
-        warning = "{} from {:,d}x{:,d} to {:,d}x{:,d} as {}".format(
-            link,
-            org_rows,
-            org_columns,
-            len(df),
-            len(df.columns),
-            " and ".join(reasons),
-        )
+        if len(df.columns) < org_columns:
+            downsampled_warning = f"{downsampled} from {org_rows:,d}x{org_columns:,d} to {len(df):,d}x{len(df.columns):,d} as {' and '.join(reasons)}"
+        else:
+            downsampled_warning = (
+                f"{downsampled} from {org_rows:,d} rows as {' and '.join(reasons)}"
+            )
 
-        return df, warning
+        return df, downsampled_warning
 
     return df, ""
 
@@ -98,41 +115,42 @@ def shrink_towards_target_aspect_ratio(
     return int(rows * row_shrink_factor), int(columns * column_shrink_factor)
 
 
-def _downsample(df, max_rows=0, max_columns=0, max_bytes=0, target_aspect_ratio=None):
+def _downsample(
+    df,
+    df_module_name: DataFrameModuleName,
+    max_rows=0,
+    max_columns=0,
+    max_bytes=0,
+    target_aspect_ratio=None,
+):
     """Implementation of downsample - may be called recursively"""
     if len(df) > max_rows > 0:
         second_half = max_rows // 2
         first_half = max_rows - second_half
         assert first_half >= second_half
-        if second_half:
-            try:
-                df = pd.concat((df.iloc[:first_half], df.iloc[-second_half:]))
-            except AttributeError:
-                df = df.head(first_half).vstack(df.tail(second_half))
+        rows = list(range(first_half)) + list(range(len(df) - second_half, len(df)))
+        if df_module_name == "pandas":
+            df = df.iloc[rows]
+        elif df_module_name == "polars":
+            df = df[rows]
         else:
-            try:
-                df = df.iloc[:first_half]
-            except AttributeError:
-                df = df.head(first_half)
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported DataFrame type: {df_module_name}")
 
     if len(df.columns) > max_columns > 0:
         second_half = max_columns // 2
         first_half = max_columns - second_half
         assert first_half >= second_half
-        if second_half:
-            if isinstance(df, pd.DataFrame):
-                df = pd.concat(
-                    (df.iloc[:, :first_half], df.iloc[:, -second_half:]), axis=1
-                )
-            else:
-                df = df[df.columns[:first_half]].hstack(df[df.columns[-second_half:]])
+        columns = list(range(first_half)) + list(
+            range(len(df.columns) - second_half, len(df.columns))
+        )
+        if df_module_name == "pandas":
+            df = df.iloc[:, columns]
+        elif df_module_name == "polars":
+            df = df[[df.columns[i] for i in columns]]
         else:
-            if isinstance(df, pd.DataFrame):
-                df = df.iloc[:, :first_half]
-            else:
-                df = df[df.columns[:first_half]]
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported DataFrame type: {df_module_name}")
 
-    df_nbytes = nbytes(df)
+    df_nbytes = nbytes(df, df_module_name)
     if df_nbytes > max_bytes > 0:
         if target_aspect_ratio is None:
             if max_rows > 0 and max_columns > 0:
@@ -149,19 +167,16 @@ def _downsample(df, max_rows=0, max_columns=0, max_bytes=0, target_aspect_ratio=
 
         if max_rows > 0 and max_columns > 0:
             return _downsample(
-                df, max_rows, max_columns, max_bytes, target_aspect_ratio
+                df,
+                df_module_name,
+                max_rows,
+                max_columns,
+                max_bytes,
+                target_aspect_ratio,
             )
 
         # max_bytes is smaller than the average size of one cell
-        if isinstance(df, pd.DataFrame):
-            return pd.DataFrame("...", index=df.index[:1], columns=df.columns[:1])
-
-        else:
-            import polars as pl  # noqa
-
-            assert isinstance(df, pl.DataFrame)
-
-            df = pl.DataFrame({df.columns[0]: ["..."]})
-        return df
+        # return a single cell with "..."
+        return type(df)({df.columns[0]: ["..."]})
 
     return df