iotables 0.1.0__tar.gz
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- iotables-0.1.0/LICENSE +7 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/PKG-INFO +311 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/README.md +282 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/pyproject.toml +53 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/setup.cfg +4 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/__init__.py +43 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/base_io.py +339 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/config.py +195 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/exiobase.py +194 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/figaro.py +163 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/globals.py +10 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/mappings.py +409 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/matrix.py +84 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/oecd.py +181 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/py.typed +0 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables/utils.py +156 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables.egg-info/PKG-INFO +311 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables.egg-info/SOURCES.txt +24 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables.egg-info/dependency_links.txt +1 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables.egg-info/requires.txt +9 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/src/iotables.egg-info/top_level.txt +1 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/tests/test_exiobase.py +13 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/tests/test_figaro.py +149 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/tests/test_iotables.py +135 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/tests/test_matrix.py +51 -0
- iotables-0.1.0/tests/test_oecd.py +156 -0
iotables-0.1.0/LICENSE
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Copyright 2023 Wouter Wakker
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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iotables-0.1.0/PKG-INFO
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Metadata-Version: 2.4
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Name: iotables
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Version: 0.1.0
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Summary: A Python package to easily load and work with inter-country input-output data
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Author-email: Wouter Wakker <wouter.wakker@outlook.com>
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License-Expression: MIT
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Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/WWakker/iotables
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Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/WWakker/iotables
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Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/WWakker/iotables/blob/main/CHANGELOG.MD
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
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Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
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Requires-Python: >=3.9
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Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
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License-File: LICENSE
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Requires-Dist: curl_cffi>=0.5
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Requires-Dist: numpy<3,>=1.21
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Requires-Dist: pandas>=1.3
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Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.4
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Requires-Dist: tqdm>=4.0
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Provides-Extra: dev
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Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == "dev"
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Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == "dev"
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Dynamic: license-file
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# iotables
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## Description
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This repository contains Python codes to easily load inter-country input-output data and give access to convenient attributes and methods
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to deal with these data, for example to run demand or supply shocks using Leontief or Ghosh models.
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Baldwin, Freeman & Theodorakopoulos (2022) is recommended as an introduction to input-output tables
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and Miller & Blair (2022) is recommended for background on the theory, but the basics are explained below.
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Currently the following databases are supported:
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- [OECD](http://oe.cd/icio)
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- [Figaro](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-supply-use-input-tables)
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- [ExioBase](https://www.exiobase.eu/)
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## Installation
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```bash
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pip install iotables
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```
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## Structure of input-output data
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Input-output tables model the economy in matrix form. Here, we explain input-output data using OECD data as an example.
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The OECD input-output tables contain inputs and outputs in current million USD for a set of sectors and countries (the
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exact counts depend on the edition; see `config.py`) as well as rest-of-world. China and Mexico data are split into CN1,
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CN2, MX1, and MX2.
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*Source*: OECD
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**Z** contains the intermediate inputs and outputs between industries. Rows represent outputs and
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columns represent inputs. Of course, not all outputs serve as input for other industries, as some products are final
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products for household consumption, government investment etc. These products are represented in final demand (**FD**) at
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country and category level, where the categories are Household Final Consumption Expenditure; Non-Profit Institutions Serving
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Households; General Government Final Consumption; Gross Fixed Capital Formation; Changes in Inventories and Valuables;
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Direct purchases abroad by residents.
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The sum of intermediate outputs and final demand is equal to the total country-sector output, which also is equal to total
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country-sector input (**X**). The difference between intermediate inputs and total inputs is gross value added, which is split
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up into taxes less subsidies (**TLS**) and net value added (**V**).
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## Theory
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### Leontief model
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Let
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```math
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x = \begin{bmatrix}
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x_{1}\\ \vdots\\ x_{n}
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\end{bmatrix},\:
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Z = \begin{bmatrix}
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z_{11} & \dots & z_{1n}\\
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\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
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z_{n1} & \dots & z_{nn}\\
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\end{bmatrix},\:
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f = \begin{bmatrix}
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f_{1}\\ \vdots\\ f_{n}
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\end{bmatrix}
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```
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where **x** is a column vector representing total output with the total output of each sector, **Z** is a matrix of
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intermediate use of inputs, with columns (*j*) representing inputs and rows (*i*) representing outputs, and **f** is a
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column vector representing final demand for each sector. Total output equals the sum of intermediate output (*Zi*, where
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*i* is a column vector of 1's) and final demand as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x = Zi + f
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\end{equation}
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```
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We define a matrix A by dividing each column in Z by the total input, such that $a_{ij} = z_{ij}/x_{j}$, as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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A = Z\hat{x}^{-1}
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\end{equation}
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```
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Each entry in **A** represents the share of sector *j*'s input that comes from sector *i*, which is needed to produce a unit of sector *j*'s output. These coefficients are called technical coefficients. Combining (1) and (2), and given that sector inputs are equal to sector outputs, output can be represented as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x = Ax + f
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\end{equation}
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```
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It follows that
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```math
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f = x - Ax = (I - A)x \Rightarrow x = (I - A)^{-1}f
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```
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Here, $(I - A)^{-1}$ is the so-called Leontief inverse **L**, so the equation can be written as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x = Lf
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\end{equation}
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```
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This is the Leontief equation, which defines the relation between output and final demand, and can be used to assess how output changes in each sector following a change in demand in specified sectors. The equation can be specified in levels as in (4), or in differences as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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\Delta x = L \Delta f
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\end{equation}
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```
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### Ghosh model
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Where Leontief relates sectoral outputs to the amount of final product, or products leaving the system,
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Ghosh (1958) relates sectoral production to the primary inputs $v'$, or value entering the system. Instead of (1),
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output is then expressed as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x' = i'Z + v'
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\end{equation}
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```
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where v' is the primary inputs or value added.
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In the demand side equation, **A** is obtained by dividing each column entry by the total output of that sector. For Ghosh's supply side equation, **B** is obtained by dividing each row entry by the total sector output. Instead of technical coefficients these are called allocation coefficients, which represent the shares of sector *i*'s output and their distribution across sectors *j*.
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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B = \hat{x}^{-1} Z
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\end{equation}
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```
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In a similar fashion as done above
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x' = x'B + v'
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\end{equation}
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```
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then
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```math
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v' = x' - x'B = (I - B)x' \Rightarrow x' = v'(I - B)^{-1}
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```
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Similarly, $(I - B)^{-1}$ is called the Ghosh inverse **G**, so the equation can be written as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x' = v'G
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\end{equation}
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```
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This is equivalent to
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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x = G'v
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\end{equation}
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```
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which can also be written in changes as
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```math
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\begin{equation}
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\Delta x = G' \Delta v
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\end{equation}
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```
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This is the Ghosh equation, which defines the relation between production output and primary inputs or value added.
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## How to use
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### Create an instance of the OECD class
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Creating an instance of the OECD class loads the OECD data and gives access to convenient attributes and methods.
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An instance can be created as follows, specifying an available year for the chosen version (e.g. 1995-2018 for the
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`2021` version, up to 2022 for the `2025` versions).
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```python
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import iotables
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oecd = iotables.OECD(version='2025', year=2022, refresh=False)
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```
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Similary, an instance can be created for other data, for example Figaro and ExioBase as
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```python
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import iotables
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figaro = iotables.Figaro(version='2025', year=2022, kind='industry-by-industry')
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exio = iotables.ExioBase(version='3.81', year=2022, kind='industry-by-industry')
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```
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Creating an instance of a database class downloads and loads the data into memory, creates standard input-output matrices, and gives access to the following attributes and methods:
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| Attribute or method | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| `version` | Specified version |
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| `year` | Specified year |
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| `df` | Raw input-output data as pandas dataframe |
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| `regions` | List of regions |
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| `sectors` | List of sectors |
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| `unit` | Unit of datapoints |
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| `rs` | `len(regions)` * `len(sectors)` |
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| `Z` | Intermediate use |
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| `V` | Gross value added |
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| `FD` | Final demand |
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| `X` | Output |
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| `A` | Technical coefficients |
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| `L` | Leontief inverse |
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| `B` | Allocation coefficients |
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| `G` | Ghosh inverse |
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| `FD_REGION` | Region breakdown of final demand |
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| `FD_GRAN` | Granular breakdown of final demand |
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| `ADD` | A dictionary of any granular breakdowns of sub-items that are available in the raw data |
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| `sector_name_mapping` | Sector to name mapping |
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| `demand_items` | Demand items included in the granular final demand matrix |
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| `reference` | Reference |
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| `contact` | Contact |
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| `leontief_demand_shock` | Method to run a Leontief demand shock |
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| `ghosh_supply_shock` | Method to run a Ghosh supply shock |
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| `get_imports_exports` | Method to get imports and exports between regions/sectors
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| `remove_downloaded_files` | Remove the downloaded files saved on the hard drive |
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All matrices are extended `numpy.ndarray`'s with attributes `info`, `rows` and `columns`, and property `I` for inversion.
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When running a Leontief or Ghosh shock, the percentage shock to final demand/primary inputs in countries and sectors can be specified as
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```python
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import iotables
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oecd = iotables.OECD(version='2025', year=2022)
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df_l = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'])
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df_g = oecd.ghosh_supply_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'])
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```
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This will return a pandas dataframe with regions, sectors, original output and shocked output. It is also possible to provide
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a custom shock vector if more flexibility is needed. In case this is supplied it will override the other shock parameters.
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```python
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import numpy as np
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custom_shock_vector = np.random.uniform(size=oecd.rs, low=-10, high=10).reshape(-1, 1)
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df = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(custom_shock_vector=custom_shock_vector)
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```
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In addition, it is possible to aggregate and plot the results by country or sector. In this case the methods
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will return a matplotlib figure and axis to do post-formatting if needed.
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```python
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fig, ax = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'],
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plot=True, plot_regions=['FR', 'DE'], plot_by='region', show=True)
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fig, ax = oecd.ghosh_supply_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'],
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plot=True, plot_regions=['FR', 'DE'], plot_by='sector', show=True)
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```
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## Issues
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In case you get an error when loading the data caused by `pandas`, it might be that the downloading of the file got interrupted
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and therefore the file is corrupted. To solve this, try downloading the data again with `refresh=True`.
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## References
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Baldwin, R., Freeman, R., & Theodorakopoulos, A. (2022). [Horses for courses: measuring foreign supply chain exposure](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w30525/w30525.pdf), NBER Working Papers 30525, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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+
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Ghosh, A. (1958). [Input-Output approach in an allocation system](https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2550694.pdf), Economica, 25 (97), 58-64.
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+
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Miller, R., & Blair, P. (2022). [Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions](https://www.cambridge.org/de/academic/subjects/economics/econometrics-statistics-and-mathematical-economics/input-output-analysis-foundations-and-extensions-3rd-edition?format=HB&isbn=9781108484763), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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OECD (2021). OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database. http://oe.cd/icio
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Oosterhaven, J. (1988). [On the plausibility of the supply-driven input-output model](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01208.x), Journal of Regional Science, 28, 203-217.
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## Contributors
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[Simone Boldrini](https://github.com/simoboldrini), 2022
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## Author
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[Wouter Wakker](https://github.com/WWakker), 2022
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[](#)
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iotables-0.1.0/README.md
ADDED
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# iotables
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## Description
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This repository contains Python codes to easily load inter-country input-output data and give access to convenient attributes and methods
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to deal with these data, for example to run demand or supply shocks using Leontief or Ghosh models.
|
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Baldwin, Freeman & Theodorakopoulos (2022) is recommended as an introduction to input-output tables
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and Miller & Blair (2022) is recommended for background on the theory, but the basics are explained below.
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Currently the following databases are supported:
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- [OECD](http://oe.cd/icio)
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- [Figaro](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-supply-use-input-tables)
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- [ExioBase](https://www.exiobase.eu/)
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## Installation
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```bash
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pip install iotables
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```
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## Structure of input-output data
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Input-output tables model the economy in matrix form. Here, we explain input-output data using OECD data as an example.
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The OECD input-output tables contain inputs and outputs in current million USD for a set of sectors and countries (the
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exact counts depend on the edition; see `config.py`) as well as rest-of-world. China and Mexico data are split into CN1,
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CN2, MX1, and MX2.
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*Source*: OECD
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**Z** contains the intermediate inputs and outputs between industries. Rows represent outputs and
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columns represent inputs. Of course, not all outputs serve as input for other industries, as some products are final
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products for household consumption, government investment etc. These products are represented in final demand (**FD**) at
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country and category level, where the categories are Household Final Consumption Expenditure; Non-Profit Institutions Serving
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Households; General Government Final Consumption; Gross Fixed Capital Formation; Changes in Inventories and Valuables;
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Direct purchases abroad by residents.
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The sum of intermediate outputs and final demand is equal to the total country-sector output, which also is equal to total
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country-sector input (**X**). The difference between intermediate inputs and total inputs is gross value added, which is split
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up into taxes less subsidies (**TLS**) and net value added (**V**).
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## Theory
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### Leontief model
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Let
|
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```math
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x = \begin{bmatrix}
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x_{1}\\ \vdots\\ x_{n}
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\end{bmatrix},\:
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Z = \begin{bmatrix}
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z_{11} & \dots & z_{1n}\\
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\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
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+
z_{n1} & \dots & z_{nn}\\
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\end{bmatrix},\:
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f = \begin{bmatrix}
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+
f_{1}\\ \vdots\\ f_{n}
|
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|
+
\end{bmatrix}
|
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|
+
```
|
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|
+
|
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61
|
+
where **x** is a column vector representing total output with the total output of each sector, **Z** is a matrix of
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62
|
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intermediate use of inputs, with columns (*j*) representing inputs and rows (*i*) representing outputs, and **f** is a
|
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63
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column vector representing final demand for each sector. Total output equals the sum of intermediate output (*Zi*, where
|
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*i* is a column vector of 1's) and final demand as
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+
|
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66
|
+
```math
|
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\begin{equation}
|
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68
|
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x = Zi + f
|
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\end{equation}
|
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```
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+
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72
|
+
We define a matrix A by dividing each column in Z by the total input, such that $a_{ij} = z_{ij}/x_{j}$, as
|
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|
+
|
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74
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+
```math
|
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75
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
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76
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A = Z\hat{x}^{-1}
|
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|
+
\end{equation}
|
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78
|
+
```
|
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79
|
+
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Each entry in **A** represents the share of sector *j*'s input that comes from sector *i*, which is needed to produce a unit of sector *j*'s output. These coefficients are called technical coefficients. Combining (1) and (2), and given that sector inputs are equal to sector outputs, output can be represented as
|
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81
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+
|
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82
|
+
```math
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83
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+
\begin{equation}
|
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84
|
+
x = Ax + f
|
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85
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
86
|
+
```
|
|
87
|
+
|
|
88
|
+
It follows that
|
|
89
|
+
|
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90
|
+
```math
|
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91
|
+
f = x - Ax = (I - A)x \Rightarrow x = (I - A)^{-1}f
|
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92
|
+
```
|
|
93
|
+
|
|
94
|
+
Here, $(I - A)^{-1}$ is the so-called Leontief inverse **L**, so the equation can be written as
|
|
95
|
+
|
|
96
|
+
```math
|
|
97
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
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98
|
+
x = Lf
|
|
99
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
100
|
+
```
|
|
101
|
+
|
|
102
|
+
This is the Leontief equation, which defines the relation between output and final demand, and can be used to assess how output changes in each sector following a change in demand in specified sectors. The equation can be specified in levels as in (4), or in differences as
|
|
103
|
+
|
|
104
|
+
```math
|
|
105
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
106
|
+
\Delta x = L \Delta f
|
|
107
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
108
|
+
```
|
|
109
|
+
|
|
110
|
+
### Ghosh model
|
|
111
|
+
|
|
112
|
+
Where Leontief relates sectoral outputs to the amount of final product, or products leaving the system,
|
|
113
|
+
Ghosh (1958) relates sectoral production to the primary inputs $v'$, or value entering the system. Instead of (1),
|
|
114
|
+
output is then expressed as
|
|
115
|
+
|
|
116
|
+
```math
|
|
117
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
118
|
+
x' = i'Z + v'
|
|
119
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
120
|
+
```
|
|
121
|
+
|
|
122
|
+
where v' is the primary inputs or value added.
|
|
123
|
+
|
|
124
|
+
In the demand side equation, **A** is obtained by dividing each column entry by the total output of that sector. For Ghosh's supply side equation, **B** is obtained by dividing each row entry by the total sector output. Instead of technical coefficients these are called allocation coefficients, which represent the shares of sector *i*'s output and their distribution across sectors *j*.
|
|
125
|
+
|
|
126
|
+
```math
|
|
127
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
128
|
+
B = \hat{x}^{-1} Z
|
|
129
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
130
|
+
```
|
|
131
|
+
|
|
132
|
+
In a similar fashion as done above
|
|
133
|
+
|
|
134
|
+
```math
|
|
135
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
136
|
+
x' = x'B + v'
|
|
137
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
138
|
+
```
|
|
139
|
+
|
|
140
|
+
then
|
|
141
|
+
|
|
142
|
+
```math
|
|
143
|
+
v' = x' - x'B = (I - B)x' \Rightarrow x' = v'(I - B)^{-1}
|
|
144
|
+
```
|
|
145
|
+
|
|
146
|
+
Similarly, $(I - B)^{-1}$ is called the Ghosh inverse **G**, so the equation can be written as
|
|
147
|
+
|
|
148
|
+
```math
|
|
149
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
150
|
+
x' = v'G
|
|
151
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
152
|
+
```
|
|
153
|
+
|
|
154
|
+
This is equivalent to
|
|
155
|
+
|
|
156
|
+
```math
|
|
157
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
158
|
+
x = G'v
|
|
159
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
160
|
+
```
|
|
161
|
+
|
|
162
|
+
which can also be written in changes as
|
|
163
|
+
|
|
164
|
+
```math
|
|
165
|
+
\begin{equation}
|
|
166
|
+
\Delta x = G' \Delta v
|
|
167
|
+
\end{equation}
|
|
168
|
+
```
|
|
169
|
+
|
|
170
|
+
This is the Ghosh equation, which defines the relation between production output and primary inputs or value added.
|
|
171
|
+
|
|
172
|
+
## How to use
|
|
173
|
+
|
|
174
|
+
### Create an instance of the OECD class
|
|
175
|
+
|
|
176
|
+
Creating an instance of the OECD class loads the OECD data and gives access to convenient attributes and methods.
|
|
177
|
+
An instance can be created as follows, specifying an available year for the chosen version (e.g. 1995-2018 for the
|
|
178
|
+
`2021` version, up to 2022 for the `2025` versions).
|
|
179
|
+
|
|
180
|
+
```python
|
|
181
|
+
import iotables
|
|
182
|
+
oecd = iotables.OECD(version='2025', year=2022, refresh=False)
|
|
183
|
+
```
|
|
184
|
+
|
|
185
|
+
Similary, an instance can be created for other data, for example Figaro and ExioBase as
|
|
186
|
+
|
|
187
|
+
```python
|
|
188
|
+
import iotables
|
|
189
|
+
figaro = iotables.Figaro(version='2025', year=2022, kind='industry-by-industry')
|
|
190
|
+
exio = iotables.ExioBase(version='3.81', year=2022, kind='industry-by-industry')
|
|
191
|
+
```
|
|
192
|
+
|
|
193
|
+
Creating an instance of a database class downloads and loads the data into memory, creates standard input-output matrices, and gives access to the following attributes and methods:
|
|
194
|
+
|
|
195
|
+
| Attribute or method | Description |
|
|
196
|
+
| --- | --- |
|
|
197
|
+
| `version` | Specified version |
|
|
198
|
+
| `year` | Specified year |
|
|
199
|
+
| `df` | Raw input-output data as pandas dataframe |
|
|
200
|
+
| `regions` | List of regions |
|
|
201
|
+
| `sectors` | List of sectors |
|
|
202
|
+
| `unit` | Unit of datapoints |
|
|
203
|
+
| `rs` | `len(regions)` * `len(sectors)` |
|
|
204
|
+
| `Z` | Intermediate use |
|
|
205
|
+
| `V` | Gross value added |
|
|
206
|
+
| `FD` | Final demand |
|
|
207
|
+
| `X` | Output |
|
|
208
|
+
| `A` | Technical coefficients |
|
|
209
|
+
| `L` | Leontief inverse |
|
|
210
|
+
| `B` | Allocation coefficients |
|
|
211
|
+
| `G` | Ghosh inverse |
|
|
212
|
+
| `FD_REGION` | Region breakdown of final demand |
|
|
213
|
+
| `FD_GRAN` | Granular breakdown of final demand |
|
|
214
|
+
| `ADD` | A dictionary of any granular breakdowns of sub-items that are available in the raw data |
|
|
215
|
+
| `sector_name_mapping` | Sector to name mapping |
|
|
216
|
+
| `demand_items` | Demand items included in the granular final demand matrix |
|
|
217
|
+
| `reference` | Reference |
|
|
218
|
+
| `contact` | Contact |
|
|
219
|
+
| `leontief_demand_shock` | Method to run a Leontief demand shock |
|
|
220
|
+
| `ghosh_supply_shock` | Method to run a Ghosh supply shock |
|
|
221
|
+
| `get_imports_exports` | Method to get imports and exports between regions/sectors
|
|
222
|
+
| `remove_downloaded_files` | Remove the downloaded files saved on the hard drive |
|
|
223
|
+
|
|
224
|
+
All matrices are extended `numpy.ndarray`'s with attributes `info`, `rows` and `columns`, and property `I` for inversion.
|
|
225
|
+
|
|
226
|
+
When running a Leontief or Ghosh shock, the percentage shock to final demand/primary inputs in countries and sectors can be specified as
|
|
227
|
+
```python
|
|
228
|
+
import iotables
|
|
229
|
+
|
|
230
|
+
oecd = iotables.OECD(version='2025', year=2022)
|
|
231
|
+
|
|
232
|
+
df_l = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'])
|
|
233
|
+
df_g = oecd.ghosh_supply_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'])
|
|
234
|
+
```
|
|
235
|
+
|
|
236
|
+
This will return a pandas dataframe with regions, sectors, original output and shocked output. It is also possible to provide
|
|
237
|
+
a custom shock vector if more flexibility is needed. In case this is supplied it will override the other shock parameters.
|
|
238
|
+
|
|
239
|
+
```python
|
|
240
|
+
import numpy as np
|
|
241
|
+
custom_shock_vector = np.random.uniform(size=oecd.rs, low=-10, high=10).reshape(-1, 1)
|
|
242
|
+
df = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(custom_shock_vector=custom_shock_vector)
|
|
243
|
+
```
|
|
244
|
+
|
|
245
|
+
In addition, it is possible to aggregate and plot the results by country or sector. In this case the methods
|
|
246
|
+
will return a matplotlib figure and axis to do post-formatting if needed.
|
|
247
|
+
|
|
248
|
+
```python
|
|
249
|
+
fig, ax = oecd.leontief_demand_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'],
|
|
250
|
+
plot=True, plot_regions=['FR', 'DE'], plot_by='region', show=True)
|
|
251
|
+
|
|
252
|
+
fig, ax = oecd.ghosh_supply_shock(shock=-10, regions=['FR', 'DE'], sectors=['01T02', '35'],
|
|
253
|
+
plot=True, plot_regions=['FR', 'DE'], plot_by='sector', show=True)
|
|
254
|
+
```
|
|
255
|
+
|
|
256
|
+
## Issues
|
|
257
|
+
|
|
258
|
+
In case you get an error when loading the data caused by `pandas`, it might be that the downloading of the file got interrupted
|
|
259
|
+
and therefore the file is corrupted. To solve this, try downloading the data again with `refresh=True`.
|
|
260
|
+
|
|
261
|
+
|
|
262
|
+
## References
|
|
263
|
+
|
|
264
|
+
Baldwin, R., Freeman, R., & Theodorakopoulos, A. (2022). [Horses for courses: measuring foreign supply chain exposure](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w30525/w30525.pdf), NBER Working Papers 30525, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
|
|
265
|
+
|
|
266
|
+
Ghosh, A. (1958). [Input-Output approach in an allocation system](https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2550694.pdf), Economica, 25 (97), 58-64.
|
|
267
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+
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268
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Miller, R., & Blair, P. (2022). [Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions](https://www.cambridge.org/de/academic/subjects/economics/econometrics-statistics-and-mathematical-economics/input-output-analysis-foundations-and-extensions-3rd-edition?format=HB&isbn=9781108484763), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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OECD (2021). OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database. http://oe.cd/icio
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271
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272
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Oosterhaven, J. (1988). [On the plausibility of the supply-driven input-output model](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01208.x), Journal of Regional Science, 28, 203-217.
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## Contributors
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[Simone Boldrini](https://github.com/simoboldrini), 2022
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## Author
|
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[Wouter Wakker](https://github.com/WWakker), 2022
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[](#)
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|
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
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1
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+
[build-system]
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2
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requires = ["setuptools>=77"]
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build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
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[project]
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name = "iotables"
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7
|
+
version = "0.1.0"
|
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description = "A Python package to easily load and work with inter-country input-output data"
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readme = "README.md"
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license = "MIT"
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license-files = ["LICENSE"]
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authors = [{ name = "Wouter Wakker", email = "wouter.wakker@outlook.com" }]
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+
requires-python = ">=3.9"
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dependencies = [
|
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15
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"curl_cffi>=0.5",
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16
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"numpy>=1.21,<3",
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|
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"pandas>=1.3",
|
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"matplotlib>=3.4",
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19
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"tqdm>=4.0",
|
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20
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]
|
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+
classifiers = [
|
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+
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
|
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|
+
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
|
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"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
|
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+
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
|
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"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
|
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"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
|
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"Operating System :: OS Independent",
|
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+
]
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+
|
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31
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[project.urls]
|
|
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|
+
Homepage = "https://github.com/WWakker/iotables"
|
|
33
|
+
Repository = "https://github.com/WWakker/iotables"
|
|
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|
+
Changelog = "https://github.com/WWakker/iotables/blob/main/CHANGELOG.MD"
|
|
35
|
+
|
|
36
|
+
[project.optional-dependencies]
|
|
37
|
+
dev = ["pytest", "pytest-cov"]
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
|
|
40
|
+
where = ["src"]
|
|
41
|
+
|
|
42
|
+
[tool.setuptools.package-data]
|
|
43
|
+
iotables = ["py.typed"]
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
[tool.pytest.ini_options]
|
|
46
|
+
testpaths = ["tests"]
|
|
47
|
+
markers = [
|
|
48
|
+
"network: test downloads real data over the network (deselect with '-m \"not network\"')",
|
|
49
|
+
]
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
[tool.coverage.run]
|
|
52
|
+
source = ["iotables"]
|
|
53
|
+
omit = ["**/adjust_source_in_covxml.py"]
|
iotables-0.1.0/setup.cfg
ADDED