giftpy 2.0.0__tar.gz → 3.3.2__tar.gz

{giftpy-2.0.0 → giftpy-3.3.2}/COQ/Algebra/E8.v

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Proof. reflexivity. Qed.
 (** ADDITIONAL CONSTANTS FOR TOPOLOGICAL EXTENSION *)
 (** =========================================================================== *)
 
-(** Weyl factor from |W(E8)| = 2^14 × 3^5 × 5^2 × 7 *)
+(** Weyl factor from |W(E8)| = 2^14 * 3^5 * 5^2 * 7 *)
 Definition Weyl_factor : nat := 5.
 
 (** Weyl squared (pentagonal structure) *)

{giftpy-2.0.0 → giftpy-3.3.2}/COQ/Certificate/AllProven.v

@@ -60,29 +60,29 @@ Qed.
 
 (** All 12 topological extension relations are fully proven *)
 Theorem all_12_extension_relations_certified :
-  (* 14. α_s denominator *)
+  (* 14. alpha_s denominator *)
   dim_G2 - p2 = 12 /\
-  (* 15. γ_GIFT numerator and denominator *)
+  (* 15. gamma_GIFT numerator and denominator *)
   gamma_GIFT_num = 511 /\ gamma_GIFT_den = 884 /\
-  (* 16. δ pentagonal (Weyl²) *)
+  (* 16. delta pentagonal (Weyl^2) *)
   Weyl_sq = 25 /\
-  (* 17. θ₂₃ fraction *)
+  (* 17. theta_23 fraction *)
   theta_23_num = 85 /\ theta_23_den = 99 /\
-  (* 18. θ₁₃ denominator *)
+  (* 18. theta_13 denominator *)
   b2 = 21 /\
-  (* 19. α_s² structure *)
+  (* 19. alpha_s^2 structure *)
   (dim_G2 - p2) * (dim_G2 - p2) = 144 /\
-  (* 20. λ_H² structure *)
+  (* 20. lambda_H^2 structure *)
   lambda_H_sq_num = 17 /\ lambda_H_sq_den = 1024 /\
-  (* 21. θ₁₂ structure (δ/γ components) *)
+  (* 21. theta_12 structure (delta/gamma components) *)
   Weyl_sq * gamma_GIFT_num = 12775 /\
-  (* 22. m_μ/m_e base *)
+  (* 22. m_mu/m_e base *)
   m_mu_m_e_base = 27 /\
   (* 23. n_s indices *)
   D_bulk = 11 /\ Weyl_factor = 5 /\
-  (* 24. Ω_DE fraction *)
+  (* 24. Omega_DE fraction *)
   Omega_DE_num = 98 /\ Omega_DE_den = 99 /\
-  (* 25. α⁻¹ components *)
+  (* 25. alpha^-1 components *)
   alpha_inv_algebraic = 128 /\ alpha_inv_bulk = 9.
 Proof.
   repeat split; reflexivity.
@@ -120,29 +120,29 @@ Theorem all_25_relations_certified :
   (* 12-13. tau numerator and denominator *)
   tau_num = 10416 /\ tau_den = 2673 /\
   (* ===== Extension 12 ===== *)
-  (* 14. α_s denominator *)
+  (* 14. alpha_s denominator *)
   dim_G2 - p2 = 12 /\
-  (* 15. γ_GIFT *)
+  (* 15. gamma_GIFT *)
   gamma_GIFT_num = 511 /\ gamma_GIFT_den = 884 /\
-  (* 16. δ pentagonal *)
+  (* 16. delta pentagonal *)
   Weyl_sq = 25 /\
-  (* 17. θ₂₃ *)
+  (* 17. theta_23 *)
   theta_23_num = 85 /\ theta_23_den = 99 /\
-  (* 18. θ₁₃ *)
+  (* 18. theta_13 *)
   b2 = 21 /\
-  (* 19. α_s² *)
+  (* 19. alpha_s^2 *)
   (dim_G2 - p2) * (dim_G2 - p2) = 144 /\
-  (* 20. λ_H² *)
+  (* 20. lambda_H^2 *)
   lambda_H_sq_num = 17 /\ lambda_H_sq_den = 1024 /\
-  (* 21. θ₁₂ structure *)
+  (* 21. theta_12 structure *)
   Weyl_sq * gamma_GIFT_num = 12775 /\
-  (* 22. m_μ/m_e base *)
+  (* 22. m_mu/m_e base *)
   m_mu_m_e_base = 27 /\
   (* 23. n_s indices *)
   D_bulk = 11 /\ Weyl_factor = 5 /\
-  (* 24. Ω_DE *)
+  (* 24. Omega_DE *)
   Omega_DE_num = 98 /\ Omega_DE_den = 99 /\
-  (* 25. α⁻¹ *)
+  (* 25. alpha^-1 *)
   alpha_inv_algebraic = 128 /\ alpha_inv_bulk = 9.
 Proof.
   repeat split; reflexivity.

giftpy-3.3.2/Lean/GIFT/Algebraic/BettiNumbers.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/-
+  GIFT Algebraic Foundations: Betti Numbers from Octonions
+  ========================================================
+
+  Phase 4 of the Octonion Formalization Plan.
+
+  THIS IS THE KEY FILE: We derive the Betti numbers b₂ and b₃
+  from the octonion structure, rather than defining them arbitrarily.
+
+  Main results:
+  - b₂ = C(|Im(𝕆)|, 2) = C(7,2) = 21
+  - b₃ = 3 × b₂ + dim(G₂) = 3 × 21 + 14 = 77
+  - H* = b₂ + b₃ + 1 = 99
+
+  These are NOT arbitrary numbers - they DERIVE from:
+  - The 7 imaginary units of 𝕆
+  - The 14-dimensional automorphism group G₂
+-/
+
+import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Basic
+import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
+import GIFT.Algebraic.Octonions
+import GIFT.Algebraic.G2
+
+namespace GIFT.Algebraic.BettiNumbers
+
+open Octonions G2
+
+/-!
+## b₂ from Octonion Structure
+
+b₂ = C(7,2) = 21
+
+This counts pairs of imaginary units in 𝕆.
+Geometrically: 2-forms on a G₂ 7-manifold decompose into
+Ω²₇ ⊕ Ω²₁₄ with dimensions 7 + 14 = 21.
+-/
+
+/-- b₂ defined from octonion imaginary pairs -/
+def b2 : ℕ := Nat.choose imaginary_count 2
+
+/-- b₂ = 21 -/
+theorem b2_eq : b2 = 21 := by native_decide
+
+/-- b₂ derives from octonion structure -/
+theorem b2_from_octonions :
+    b2 = Nat.choose 7 2 := rfl
+
+/-- Alternative: b₂ = Ω²₇ + Ω²₁₄ (G₂ decomposition of 2-forms) -/
+theorem b2_from_G2_forms :
+    b2 = G2.omega2_7 + G2.omega2_14 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## E₇ Fundamental Representation
+
+The 56-dimensional fundamental representation of E₇ appears
+in the derivation of b₃.
+
+fund(E₇) = 56 = 2 × b₂ + dim(G₂) = 2 × 21 + 14
+-/
+
+/-- Fundamental representation dimension of E₇ -/
+def fund_E7 : ℕ := 56
+
+theorem fund_E7_eq : fund_E7 = 56 := rfl
+
+/-- fund(E₇) from b₂ and dim(G₂) -/
+theorem fund_E7_decomposition :
+    fund_E7 = 2 * b2 + dim_G2 := rfl
+
+/-- Alternative: fund(E₇) = 7 + 21 + 21 + 7 (ℝ⁷ form decomposition) -/
+theorem fund_E7_forms :
+    fund_E7 = imaginary_count + b2 + b2 + imaginary_count := rfl
+
+/-!
+## b₃ from Octonion and G₂ Structure
+
+b₃ = 3 × b₂ + dim(G₂) = 3 × 21 + 14 = 77
+
+This formula encodes:
+- 3 copies of b₂ (from triple structure in TCS construction)
+- Plus the G₂ dimension (from holonomy)
+
+Equivalently: b₃ = b₂ + fund(E₇)
+-/
+
+/-- b₃ defined from b₂ and dim(G₂) -/
+def b3 : ℕ := 3 * b2 + dim_G2
+
+/-- b₃ = 77 -/
+theorem b3_eq : b3 = 77 := rfl
+
+/-- b₃ from E₇ representation -/
+theorem b3_from_E7 : b3 = b2 + fund_E7 := rfl
+
+/-- The "3" in 3×b₂ comes from N_gen (number of generations).
+    Note: Canonical source is GIFT.Core.N_gen. Duplicated here because
+    Core imports this module (avoiding circular dependency). -/
+def N_gen : ℕ := 3
+
+theorem b3_with_Ngen : b3 = N_gen * b2 + dim_G2 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## H* = Total Hodge Number
+
+H* = b₂ + b₃ + 1 = 21 + 77 + 1 = 99
+
+The "+1" comes from the trivial cohomology H⁰.
+-/
+
+/-- Total effective degrees of freedom -/
+def H_star : ℕ := b2 + b3 + 1
+
+/-- H* = 99 -/
+theorem H_star_eq : H_star = 99 := rfl
+
+/-- H* formula in terms of b₂ and dim(G₂) -/
+theorem H_star_formula : H_star = 4 * b2 + dim_G2 + 1 := rfl
+
+/-- H* purely from octonion structure -/
+theorem H_star_from_octonions :
+    H_star = 4 * Nat.choose imaginary_count 2 + 2 * imaginary_count + 1 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Key Relations
+
+Verifying that everything is consistent.
+-/
+
+/-- b₃ > b₂ (third Betti larger than second) -/
+theorem b3_gt_b2 : b3 > b2 := by decide
+
+/-- b₃ - b₂ = fund(E₇) -/
+theorem b3_minus_b2 : b3 - b2 = fund_E7 := rfl
+
+/-- H* - 1 = b₂ + b₃ -/
+theorem H_star_minus_one : H_star - 1 = b2 + b3 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Ratio Relations (for GIFT constants)
+
+These ratios will be used in Phase 5 for physical predictions.
+-/
+
+/-- b₂ / imaginary_count = 3 (each imaginary appears in 3 pairs) -/
+theorem b2_per_imaginary : b2 / imaginary_count = 3 := rfl
+
+/-- (b₃ + dim(G₂)) / b₂ = 91 / 21 -/
+theorem denominator_sin2_theta :
+    b3 + dim_G2 = 91 := rfl
+
+/-- GCD(21, 91) = 7 (simplifies to 3/13) -/
+theorem sin2_theta_gcd : Nat.gcd 21 91 = 7 := by native_decide
+
+/-- dim(G₂) / b₂ = 14/21 = 2/3 (Koide ratio) -/
+theorem koide_numerator : dim_G2 = 14 := rfl
+theorem koide_denominator : b2 = 21 := b2_eq
+theorem koide_gcd : Nat.gcd 14 21 = 7 := by native_decide
+
+/-!
+## Summary: Derivation Chain
+
+ℍ → 𝕆 → G₂ → b₂, b₃ → GIFT
+
+1. 𝕆 has 7 imaginary units (from Cayley-Dickson)
+2. G₂ = Aut(𝕆) has dimension 14 = 2×7
+3. b₂ = C(7,2) = 21 (pairs of imaginary units)
+4. fund(E₇) = 56 = 2×21 + 14 (from E₇ representation theory)
+5. b₃ = b₂ + fund(E₇) = 21 + 56 = 77
+6. H* = b₂ + b₃ + 1 = 99
+
+These are DERIVED from algebraic structure, not arbitrary inputs!
+-/
+
+/-- Master derivation theorem -/
+theorem betti_from_octonions :
+    b2 = Nat.choose imaginary_count 2 ∧
+    dim_G2 = 2 * imaginary_count ∧
+    fund_E7 = 2 * b2 + dim_G2 ∧
+    b3 = b2 + fund_E7 ∧
+    H_star = b2 + b3 + 1 ∧
+    b2 = 21 ∧ b3 = 77 ∧ H_star = 99 :=
+  ⟨rfl, rfl, rfl, rfl, rfl, by native_decide, rfl, rfl⟩
+
+end GIFT.Algebraic.BettiNumbers

giftpy-3.3.2/Lean/GIFT/Algebraic/CayleyDickson.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/-
+  GIFT Algebraic Foundations: Cayley-Dickson Construction
+  =======================================================
+
+  Phase 2b of the Octonion Formalization Plan.
+
+  The Cayley-Dickson construction doubles algebras:
+  ℝ (1) → ℂ (2) → ℍ (4) → 𝕆 (8) → 𝕊 (16) → ...
+
+  Each doubling introduces:
+  - Loss of a property (commutativity, associativity, etc.)
+  - New imaginary units
+
+  Key dimension sequence: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
+  Key imaginary sequence: 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, ... = 2ⁿ - 1
+-/
+
+import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Basic
+import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Basic
+import Mathlib.Algebra.Order.Ring.Nat
+import GIFT.Algebraic.Quaternions
+import GIFT.Algebraic.Octonions
+import GIFT.Algebraic.G2
+
+namespace GIFT.Algebraic.CayleyDickson
+
+/-!
+## Dimension Doubling
+
+The Cayley-Dickson construction doubles dimension at each step.
+-/
+
+/-- Dimension of ℝ -/
+def dim_R : ℕ := 1
+
+/-- Dimension of ℂ -/
+def dim_C : ℕ := 2
+
+/-- Dimension of ℍ -/
+def dim_H : ℕ := 4
+
+/-- Dimension of 𝕆 -/
+def dim_O : ℕ := 8
+
+/-- Dimension sequence: 2ⁿ -/
+def dim_seq (n : ℕ) : ℕ := 2^n
+
+theorem dim_R_eq : dim_R = dim_seq 0 := rfl
+theorem dim_C_eq : dim_C = dim_seq 1 := rfl
+theorem dim_H_eq : dim_H = dim_seq 2 := rfl
+theorem dim_O_eq : dim_O = dim_seq 3 := rfl
+
+/-- Each step doubles dimension -/
+theorem doubling (n : ℕ) : dim_seq (n + 1) = 2 * dim_seq n := by
+  simp only [dim_seq, pow_succ, mul_comm]
+
+/-!
+## Imaginary Unit Counts
+
+At each level n, there are 2ⁿ - 1 imaginary units.
+-/
+
+/-- Imaginary units at level n: 2ⁿ - 1 -/
+def imaginary_seq (n : ℕ) : ℕ := 2^n - 1
+
+/-- ℝ has 0 imaginary units -/
+theorem imaginary_R : imaginary_seq 0 = 0 := rfl
+
+/-- ℂ has 1 imaginary unit (i) -/
+theorem imaginary_C : imaginary_seq 1 = 1 := rfl
+
+/-- ℍ has 3 imaginary units (i, j, k) -/
+theorem imaginary_H : imaginary_seq 2 = 3 := rfl
+
+/-- 𝕆 has 7 imaginary units (e₁, ..., e₇) -/
+theorem imaginary_O : imaginary_seq 3 = 7 := rfl
+
+/-- Octonion imaginary count matches -/
+theorem imaginary_O_eq : Octonions.imaginary_count = imaginary_seq 3 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Properties Lost at Each Doubling
+
+ℝ: ordered, commutative, associative, division algebra
+ℂ: loses ordering
+ℍ: loses commutativity
+𝕆: loses associativity (but keeps alternativity)
+𝕊: loses alternativity (sedenions have zero divisors!)
+-/
+
+/-- Level at which commutativity is lost -/
+def lose_commutativity : ℕ := 2  -- ℍ
+
+/-- Level at which associativity is lost -/
+def lose_associativity : ℕ := 3  -- 𝕆
+
+/-- Level at which division is lost -/
+def lose_division : ℕ := 4  -- 𝕊 (sedenions)
+
+/-!
+## Embedding Structure
+
+The Cayley-Dickson construction gives natural embeddings:
+ℝ ↪ ℂ ↪ ℍ ↪ 𝕆
+-/
+
+/-- The 3 imaginary units of ℍ embed into the 7 of 𝕆 -/
+theorem quaternion_imaginary_embed :
+    Quaternions.imaginary_count ≤ Octonions.imaginary_count := by decide
+
+/-- Specifically: 3 ≤ 7 with 4 new imaginary units added -/
+theorem new_imaginary_in_octonions :
+    Octonions.imaginary_count - Quaternions.imaginary_count = 4 := rfl
+
+/-- The 4 new imaginary units equal dim(ℍ) -/
+theorem doubling_adds_four :
+    dim_H = Octonions.imaginary_count - Quaternions.imaginary_count := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Pairs Decomposition
+
+A key formula relating quaternion and octonion pairs:
+C(3,2) + C(4,2) + 3×4 = 21
+
+This decomposes the 21 = C(7,2) pairs of octonion imaginaries.
+-/
+
+/-- C(3,2) = 3 : pairs within ℍ imaginaries -/
+theorem pairs_in_H : Nat.choose 3 2 = 3 := by native_decide
+
+/-- C(4,2) = 6 : pairs within new imaginaries -/
+theorem pairs_in_new : Nat.choose 4 2 = 6 := by native_decide
+
+/-- 3 × 4 = 12 : mixed pairs (one from ℍ, one new) -/
+theorem mixed_pairs : 3 * 4 = 12 := rfl
+
+/-- Total: 3 + 6 + 12 = 21 = b₂ -/
+theorem pairs_decomposition :
+    Nat.choose 3 2 + Nat.choose 4 2 + 3 * 4 = 21 := by native_decide
+
+/-- This equals C(7,2) -/
+theorem pairs_total :
+    Nat.choose 3 2 + Nat.choose 4 2 + 3 * 4 = Nat.choose 7 2 := by native_decide
+
+/-!
+## Quaternion Subalgebras in 𝕆
+
+Each pair (eᵢ, eⱼ) on a Fano line generates a copy of ℍ.
+There are 7 such quaternionic subalgebras.
+-/
+
+/-- Number of quaternionic subalgebras in 𝕆 -/
+def quaternion_subalgebras : ℕ := 7
+
+theorem quaternion_subalgebras_eq : quaternion_subalgebras = Octonions.fano_lines := rfl
+
+/-- Each subalgebra has 3 imaginaries -/
+theorem subalgebra_imaginary_count : 3 = Quaternions.imaginary_count := rfl
+
+/-!
+## The Chain ℍ → 𝕆 → G₂
+
+The automorphism groups shrink at each doubling:
+- Aut(ℂ) = ℤ/2 (complex conjugation)
+- Aut(ℍ) = SO(3) (rotations of imaginary part)
+- Aut(𝕆) = G₂ (exceptional!)
+
+Dimension of Aut:
+- dim(Aut(ℂ)) = 0 (discrete)
+- dim(Aut(ℍ)) = 3 = dim(SO(3))
+- dim(Aut(𝕆)) = 14 = dim(G₂)
+-/
+
+/-- Dimension of SO(3) = Aut(ℍ) -/
+def dim_SO3 : ℕ := 3
+
+/-- Dimension of G₂ = Aut(𝕆) (from canonical source: Algebraic.G2) -/
+abbrev dim_G2 : ℕ := G2.dim_G2
+
+/-- Key relation: dim(G₂) = 2 × |Im(𝕆)| -/
+theorem G2_from_imaginary : dim_G2 = 2 * Octonions.imaginary_count := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Summary
+
+The Cayley-Dickson construction establishes:
+1. 𝕆 = ℍ ⊕ ℍ·ℓ has dimension 8 = 2×4
+2. 7 imaginary units = 3 + 4 (from ℍ plus new)
+3. C(7,2) = 21 decomposes as 3 + 6 + 12
+4. Aut(𝕆) = G₂ with dim = 14 = 2×7
+
+This provides the algebraic foundation for deriving GIFT constants.
+-/
+
+end GIFT.Algebraic.CayleyDickson

giftpy-3.3.2/Lean/GIFT/Algebraic/G2.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/-
+  GIFT Algebraic Foundations: G₂ as Aut(𝕆)
+  =========================================
+
+  Phase 3 of the Octonion Formalization Plan.
+
+  G₂ is defined as the automorphism group of the octonions:
+    G₂ = Aut(𝕆)
+
+  Key facts:
+  - G₂ is one of the 5 exceptional simple Lie groups
+  - dim(G₂) = 14
+  - rank(G₂) = 2
+  - G₂ acts transitively on S⁶ ⊂ Im(𝕆)
+  - G₂ is the holonomy group of 7-manifolds with special geometry
+
+  The dimension 14 = 2 × 7 is NOT a coincidence:
+  - 7 = |Im(𝕆)|
+  - G₂ preserves a 3-form and 4-form on ℝ⁷
+-/
+
+import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Basic
+import GIFT.Algebraic.Octonions
+
+namespace GIFT.Algebraic.G2
+
+open Octonions
+
+/-!
+## G₂ Definition and Basic Properties
+
+G₂ is the automorphism group of 𝕆, preserving both addition and multiplication.
+-/
+
+/-- Dimension of G₂ -/
+def dim_G2 : ℕ := 14
+
+theorem dim_G2_eq : dim_G2 = 14 := rfl
+
+/-- Rank of G₂ (number of Cartan generators) -/
+def rank_G2 : ℕ := 2
+
+theorem rank_G2_eq : rank_G2 = 2 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## The Fundamental Relation: dim(G₂) = 2 × 7
+
+This is not arbitrary! G₂ acts on the 7-sphere S⁶ ⊂ Im(𝕆).
+The dimension 14 comes from:
+- G₂ preserves a cross product on ℝ⁷
+- This is equivalent to preserving octonion multiplication
+- The stabilizer of a point in S⁶ is SU(3), with dim = 8
+- dim(G₂) = dim(S⁶) + dim(SU(3)) = 6 + 8 = 14
+-/
+
+/-- Key relation: dim(G₂) = 2 × |Im(𝕆)| -/
+theorem dim_G2_from_imaginary :
+    dim_G2 = 2 * imaginary_count := rfl
+
+/-- Equivalently: dim(G₂) = 2 × 7 -/
+theorem dim_G2_explicit : dim_G2 = 2 * 7 := rfl
+
+/-- Alternative derivation via S⁶ action -/
+def dim_S6 : ℕ := 6
+def dim_SU3 : ℕ := 8
+
+theorem dim_G2_fibration : dim_G2 = dim_S6 + dim_SU3 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## G₂ and Differential Forms
+
+G₂ can be characterized by the forms it preserves on ℝ⁷:
+- A 3-form φ (the "associative" form)
+- A 4-form *φ (the "coassociative" form)
+
+The space of G₂-invariant forms gives GIFT's b₂ and b₃!
+-/
+
+/-- On a G₂-manifold, Ω² splits as Ω²₇ ⊕ Ω²₁₄ -/
+def omega2_7 : ℕ := 7
+def omega2_14 : ℕ := 14
+
+theorem omega2_decomposition : omega2_7 + omega2_14 = 21 := rfl
+
+/-- This is b₂! The 21 comes from 2-forms on a G₂ 7-manifold -/
+theorem omega2_total_eq_b2 : omega2_7 + omega2_14 = Nat.choose 7 2 := by native_decide
+
+/-- On a G₂-manifold, Ω³ splits as Ω³₁ ⊕ Ω³₇ ⊕ Ω³₂₇ -/
+def omega3_1 : ℕ := 1
+def omega3_7 : ℕ := 7
+def omega3_27 : ℕ := 27
+
+theorem omega3_decomposition : omega3_1 + omega3_7 + omega3_27 = 35 := rfl
+
+theorem omega3_total : omega3_1 + omega3_7 + omega3_27 = Nat.choose 7 3 := by native_decide
+
+/-!
+## G₂ Holonomy and 7-Manifolds
+
+A 7-manifold with G₂ holonomy has special properties:
+- Ricci-flat (hence good for physics)
+- Parallel spinor (supersymmetry)
+- Betti numbers constrained by G₂ structure
+
+The K₇ manifolds in GIFT have G₂ holonomy!
+-/
+
+/-- K₇ manifold dimension -/
+def K7_dim : ℕ := 7
+
+theorem K7_dim_eq_imaginary : K7_dim = imaginary_count := rfl
+
+-- G₂ holonomy constrains Betti numbers
+-- For a compact G₂ manifold M:
+-- b₁(M) = 0 (from holonomy)
+-- b₂(M) = number of linearly independent 2-forms in Ω²₇
+-- b₃(M) = b₄(M) from Poincaré duality
+
+/-!
+## Connection to E-Series
+
+G₂ is part of the exceptional series:
+G₂ ⊂ F₄ ⊂ E₆ ⊂ E₇ ⊂ E₈
+
+Dimensions:
+- G₂: 14
+- F₄: 52
+- E₆: 78
+- E₇: 133
+- E₈: 248
+
+G₂ appears as a subgroup in all larger exceptionals.
+-/
+
+/-- Exceptional group dimensions -/
+def dim_F4 : ℕ := 52
+def dim_E6 : ℕ := 78
+def dim_E7 : ℕ := 133
+def dim_E8 : ℕ := 248
+
+/-- F₄ = Aut(J₃(𝕆)), the Jordan algebra of 3×3 Hermitian octonionic matrices -/
+theorem F4_from_Jordan : dim_F4 = 52 := rfl
+
+/-- Relation: dim(E₈) - dim(E₇) - dim(G₂) - 3 = 98 -/
+theorem exceptional_relation :
+    dim_E8 - dim_E7 - dim_G2 = 101 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## G₂ and the Fano Plane
+
+G₂ is the symmetry group of the Fano plane PG(2,2).
+The Fano plane has:
+- 7 points (= imaginary units of 𝕆)
+- 7 lines (= quaternionic subalgebras)
+- Each point on 3 lines
+- Each line through 3 points
+
+|Aut(Fano)| = 168 = 3 × 56 = 3 × fund(E₇)
+This is PSL(2,7), closely related to G₂.
+-/
+
+/-- Order of PSL(2,7) = Aut(Fano plane) -/
+def order_PSL27 : ℕ := 168
+
+/-- 168 = 7 × 24 = 7 × 4! -/
+theorem order_PSL27_factorization : order_PSL27 = 7 * 24 := rfl
+
+/-- 168 = 3 × 56 -/
+theorem order_PSL27_alt : order_PSL27 = 3 * 56 := rfl
+
+/-- Connection to GIFT: 168 = rank(E₈) × b₂ = 8 × 21
+    Note: Using literals to avoid circular import with BettiNumbers -/
+theorem magic_168 : order_PSL27 = 8 * 21 := rfl
+
+/-!
+## Summary: Why dim(G₂) = 14
+
+Multiple derivations:
+1. Aut(𝕆) preserving multiplication: 14 independent generators
+2. Acting on S⁶: dim(G₂) = dim(S⁶) + dim(stabilizer) = 6 + 8
+3. Lie algebra structure: rank 2, with root system giving dim = 14
+4. From imaginary units: 2 × |Im(𝕆)| = 2 × 7 = 14
+
+This is NOT an arbitrary constant - it's determined by the
+algebraic structure of the octonions.
+-/
+
+/-- Master theorem: dim(G₂) derives from octonion structure -/
+theorem dim_G2_derived :
+    dim_G2 = 2 * imaginary_count ∧
+    dim_G2 = dim_S6 + dim_SU3 ∧
+    dim_G2 = 14 :=
+  ⟨rfl, rfl, rfl⟩
+
+end GIFT.Algebraic.G2