gem-suite 0.1.6__tar.gz

gem_suite-0.1.6/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "gem_core"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.70"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+
+[lib]
+name = "gem_core"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+bitvec = "1.0.1"
+ahash = "0.8.6"
+hashbrown = "0.14.3"
+indexmap = ">=1.9, <3"
+rayon = "1.10"
+petgraph = "0.6.5"
+lazy_static = "1.4"
+itertools = "0.13.0"
+fusion-blossom = "0.2.10"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+approx = "0.5.1"
+
+[dependencies.pyo3]
+version = "0.22.2"
+features = ["extension-module", "hashbrown"]

gem_suite-0.1.6/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
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gem_suite-0.1.6/MANIFEST.in

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+include requirements.txt
+include Cargo.toml
+recursive-include src *

gem_suite-0.1.6/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: gem-suite
+Version: 0.1.6
+Summary: Qiskit Experiments suite for generation of entanglement using measurements.
+Author-email: Naoki Kanazawa <knzwnao@jp.ibm.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Requires-Dist: pymatching
+Requires-Dist: qiskit>=1.0
+Requires-Dist: qiskit-experiments>=0.7
+Requires-Dist: qiskit-ibm-runtime
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: black; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: qiskit-aer; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: ruff; extra == "dev"

gem_suite-0.1.6/README.md

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+# GEM experiment suite
+
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/Qiskit/qiskit-experiments.svg?style=popout-square)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
+
+The GEM (Generation of Entanglement by Measurement) protocol prepares a quantum state across many qubits using an efficient, measurement-based protocol.
+Generally, it is technical challenge to achieve this on current generation quantum devices because most preparation protocols are vulnerable to imperfections in gates and to noise. The protocol that realizes the Nishimori transition, also understood as a fault-tolerant threshold, is a constant depth method that demonstrates how measurement-based state preparation might be used on large-scale quantum devices exceeding a few hundred qubits.
+Through injecting coherent errors, the GEM experiment provides an estimate for how far below the error correction threshold a device is operating.
+
+All technical details are available on arXiv: <https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.02863>
+
+Because of the computationally intensive subroutine responsible for decoding the measurement outcomes, this library is mostly implemented in Rust programming language for performance. The core library is interfaced with [Qiskit Experiments](https://github.com/Qiskit-Extensions/qiskit-experiments) via [PyO3](https://docs.rs/pyo3/latest/pyo3/index.html) to produce experiment circuits with the Qiskit model and analyze the results. We support two minimum weight perfect matching decoders; [pymatching](https://github.com/oscarhiggott/PyMatching) and [fusion-blossom](https://github.com/yuewuo/fusion-blossom).
+
+This library is designed to work with, but not limited only to, IBM Quantum processors.
+
+## Installation
+
+This package can be installed from the downloaded repository using pip as
+
+```bash
+cd gem-suite
+pip install .
+```
+
+## Example
+
+In the GEM protocol, an atomic unit of the experiment is a plaquette, which is a collection of multiple qubits.
+For the case of IBM Quantum processors with heavy hexagonal lattices,
+a single plaquette contains 12 qubits and a single IBM Eagle processor has 18 plaquettes.
+This is an efficient compact representation of a quantum processor with a few hundred qubits. We anticipate very minor changes to this representation when scaling up to larger devices.
+
+![image](./images/plaquette_eagle.png)
+
+We can partly reproduce experiments in the publication with a few lines of code using the Qiskit Experiments framework.
+
+```python
+from gem_suite.experiments import GemExperiment
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService
+
+backend = QiskitRuntimeService().backend("ibm_cusco")
+
+gem_exp = GemExperiment(plaquettes=range(18), backend=backend)
+exp_data = gem_exp.run().block_for_results()
+```
+
+Please see [our example notebook](./examples/01_gem_benchmark.ipynb) for the complete workflow.
+
+## License
+
+[Apache License 2.0](LICENSE.txt)

gem_suite-0.1.6/gem_suite/__init__.py

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+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+# a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""GEM experiment suite."""
+
+from .plaquettes import PlaquetteLattice
+from .experiments import GemExperiment
+from .analysis import GemAnalysis
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PlaquetteLattice",
+    "GemExperiment",
+    "GemAnalysis",
+]

gem_suite-0.1.6/gem_suite/analysis.py

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+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+# a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Qiskit Experiments implementation of GEM outcome decoding and analysis."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pandas as pd
+from uncertainties import ufloat
+from qiskit_experiments.framework import (
+    BaseAnalysis,
+    ExperimentData,
+    AnalysisResultData,
+    ArtifactData,
+    FigureData,
+    Options,
+)
+
+from gem_suite.gem_core import visualize_plaquette_with_noise, PyHeavyHexLattice
+from .sub_analysis import (
+    analyze_magnetization,
+    analyze_operators,
+    analyze_individual_bonds,
+    analyze_clifford_limit,
+)
+from .plaquettes import PlaquetteLattice
+from .plot_utils import dot_to_mplfigure
+
+
+class GemAnalysis(BaseAnalysis):
+    """GEM analysis for 2D protocol."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        plaquettes: PlaquetteLattice | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Create new GEM analysis instance.
+
+        Args:
+            plaquettes: PlaquetteLattice instance of target device.
+                This can be automatically instantiated from the
+                GEM Experiment metadata if not given.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self._plaquettes = plaquettes
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _default_options(cls) -> Options:
+        """Default analysis options for GEM analysis.
+
+        Analysis Options:
+            analyze_individual_bond (bool): Perform analysis on individual
+                ZXZ operator of each bond qubits to analyze
+                local p_bond and p_site quantities.
+                This may create large amount of analysis result entries
+                when you run experiment with many plaquettes.
+            analyze_clifford_limit (bool): Perform analysis at Clifford limit,
+                i.e. theta = 0.5 pi. This data point must be included.
+                Enabling this option will add a new figure illustrating
+                the error distribution in the plaquette view along with
+                several analysis results of plaquette-wise qualities.
+            decoder (str): Minimum weight perfect matching decoder.
+                "fusion-blossom" and "pymatching" are supported.
+        """
+        options = super()._default_options()
+        options.update_options(
+            analyze_individual_bond=False,
+            analyze_clifford_limit=False,
+            decoder="pymatching",
+        )
+        options.set_validator("decoder", ["pymatching", "fusion-blossom"])
+        return options
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
+    def _run_analysis(
+        self,
+        experiment_data: ExperimentData,
+    ) -> tuple[list[AnalysisResultData | ArtifactData], list[FigureData]]:
+        fig_data = []
+        analysis_results = []
+
+        # Check if lattice object exists.
+        # The lattice information is necessary for decoding experiment outcomes.
+        if self._plaquettes is None:
+            plaquette_qubit_map = experiment_data.metadata.get("plaquette_qubit_map", None)
+            connectivity = experiment_data.metadata.get("connectivity", None)
+            if plaquette_qubit_map is None or connectivity is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Analysis is not initialized with PlaquetteLattice instance and "
+                    "its description is not provided by the experiment metadata. "
+                    "This analysis cannot be performed because of "
+                    "the missing lattice information to decode bitstrings."
+                )
+            lattice = PyHeavyHexLattice.from_plaquettes(plaquette_qubit_map, connectivity)
+            self._plaquettes = PlaquetteLattice(lattice)
+
+        # Decode count dictionaries and build intermediate data collection.
+        records = []
+        for data in experiment_data.data():
+            result = self._plaquettes.decode_outcomes(
+                counts=data["counts"],
+                decoder=self.options.decoder,
+                return_counts=False,
+            )
+            records.extend(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "name": "f",
+                        "theta": data["metadata"]["theta"],
+                        "schedule": data["metadata"]["schedule_index"],
+                        "value": ufloat(result.f[0], result.f[1]),
+                        "component": pd.NA,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "g",
+                        "theta": data["metadata"]["theta"],
+                        "schedule": data["metadata"]["schedule_index"],
+                        "value": ufloat(result.g[0], result.g[1]),
+                        "component": pd.NA,
+                    },
+                ]
+            )
+            for i, expv in enumerate(result.w_ops):
+                records.append(
+                    {
+                        "name": "w",
+                        "theta": data["metadata"]["theta"],
+                        "schedule": data["metadata"]["schedule_index"],
+                        "value": expv,
+                        "component": i,
+                    }
+                )
+            for i, expv in enumerate(result.zxz_ops):
+                records.append(
+                    {
+                        "name": "zxz",
+                        "theta": data["metadata"]["theta"],
+                        "schedule": data["metadata"]["schedule_index"],
+                        "value": expv,
+                        "component": i,
+                    }
+                )
+        dataframe = pd.DataFrame.from_records(records)
+        del records
+
+        # Analyze magnetizations
+        num_site = 0
+        for qubit in self._plaquettes.qubits():
+            if qubit.role == "Site":
+                num_site += 1
+        mag_figs, mag_results = analyze_magnetization(dataframe, num_site)
+        fig_data.extend(mag_figs)
+        analysis_results.extend(mag_results)
+
+        # Analyze operators
+        op_figs, op_results = analyze_operators(dataframe)
+        fig_data.extend(op_figs)
+        analysis_results.extend(op_results)
+
+        # Analyze local bond parameters (Optional)
+        if self.options.analyze_individual_bond:
+            local_params = analyze_individual_bonds(
+                data=dataframe,
+                qubits=self._plaquettes.qubits(),
+            )
+            analysis_results.extend(local_params)
+
+        # Analyze plaquette quality (Optional)
+        if self.options.analyze_clifford_limit:
+            plaquette_qualities = analyze_clifford_limit(
+                data=dataframe,
+                plaquettes=self._plaquettes.plaquettes(),
+                qubits=self._plaquettes.qubits(),
+            )
+            analysis_results.extend(plaquette_qualities)
+            if plaquette_qualities:
+                p_map = {p.index: p.qubits for p in self._plaquettes.plaquettes()}
+                noise_map = {
+                    q.extra["plaquette"]: q.value.n
+                    for q in plaquette_qualities
+                    if q.value is not None
+                }
+                dot = visualize_plaquette_with_noise(p_map, noise_map)
+                fig_data.append(
+                    FigureData(dot_to_mplfigure(dot, "neato", 300), name="plaquette_quality")
+                )
+
+        return analysis_results, fig_data

gem_suite-0.1.6/gem_suite/experiments.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
+# a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Qiskit Experiments implementation of GEM experiment protocol."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from itertools import product
+from typing import Any
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from qiskit_experiments.framework import BaseExperiment, Options
+from qiskit.providers.backend import BackendV2
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Parameter
+
+from .analysis import GemAnalysis
+from .plaquettes import PlaquetteLattice
+
+
+class GemExperiment(BaseExperiment):
+    """GEM experiment in 2D protocol."""
+
+    parameter = Parameter("θ")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        plaquettes: PlaquetteLattice | list[int],
+        backend: BackendV2 | None,
+    ):
+        """Create new GEM experiment.
+
+        .. notes::
+            Current implementation supports only Heavy Hexagon lattice
+            and measurement-based 2D protocol.
+
+        Args:
+            plaquettes: List of plaquette indices or configuired :class:`PlaquetteLattice`
+                instance to build GEM circuits on.
+            backend: Qiskit Backend to run experiments.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: When plaquettes are selected by index but backend is not provided.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(plaquettes, PlaquetteLattice):
+            plaquettes = PlaquetteLattice.from_backend(backend).filter(includes=plaquettes)
+        qubits = [q.index for q in plaquettes.qubits()]
+        super().__init__(
+            physical_qubits=qubits,
+            analysis=GemAnalysis(plaquettes=plaquettes),
+            backend=backend,
+        )
+        self._plaquettes = plaquettes
+
+    @property
+    def plaquettes(self) -> PlaquetteLattice:
+        """Plaquette lattice to run experiemnts on."""
+        return self._plaquettes
+
+    def parameters(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Create numpy array of parameters scanned in this experiment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Angle of ZZ gate determining tA.
+        """
+        if self.experiment_options.angles is None:
+            return np.linspace(
+                self.experiment_options.min_angle,
+                self.experiment_options.max_angle,
+                self.experiment_options.num_angles,
+            )
+        return np.asarray(self.experiment_options.angles, dtype=float)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _default_transpile_options(cls) -> Options:
+        options = super()._default_transpile_options()
+        options.optimization_level = 1
+        return options
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _default_experiment_options(cls) -> Options:
+        """Default option values for GEM experiment.
+
+        Experiment Options:
+            schedule_idx (int): Select from 0 to 11 if any. If not provided
+                the experiment builds circuits for all possible scheduling patterns
+                and performs the analysis on averaged outcomes.
+            min_angle (float): Minimum angle to scan.
+            max_angle (float): Maximum angle to scan.
+            num_angles (int): Number of angles to scan.
+            angles (Sequence[float]): The list of angles that will be scanned in
+                the experiment. If not set, then ``num_angles``
+                evenly spaced delays between ``min_angle`` and ``max_angle``
+                are used. If ``angles`` is set, these parameters are ignored.
+        """
+        options = super()._default_experiment_options()
+        options.schedule_idx = None
+        options.sweep_type = "A"
+
+        options.min_angle = 0
+        options.max_angle = np.pi / 2
+        options.num_angles = 21
+        options.angles = None
+
+        options.set_validator("sweep_type", ["A", "B"])
+
+        return options
+
+    def parameterized_circuits(self) -> tuple[QuantumCircuit, ...]:
+        """Return GEM circuit with unbound parameters.
+
+        Returns:
+            Parameterized circuits.
+        """
+        bond_idxs = [
+            self.physical_qubits.index(q.index)
+            for q in self._plaquettes.qubits()
+            if q.role == "Bond"
+        ]
+
+        # Create virtual circuit
+        # Virtual qubit index is based off of list index of self.physical_qubits
+        if (usr_index := self.experiment_options.schedule_idx) is not None:
+            sched_idx = [usr_index]
+        else:
+            sched_idx = list(range(12))
+        circs = []
+        for i in sched_idx:
+            sched_iter = self._plaquettes.build_gate_schedule(i)
+            circ = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits, self.num_qubits)
+            circ.metadata = {"schedule_index": i}
+            circ.h(range(self.num_qubits))
+            for gate_group in sched_iter:
+                circ.barrier()
+                for gate in gate_group:
+                    if gate.group == self.experiment_options.sweep_type:
+                        angle = self.parameter
+                    else:
+                        angle = np.pi / 2
+                    circ.rzz(
+                        angle,
+                        self.physical_qubits.index(gate.index0),
+                        self.physical_qubits.index(gate.index1),
+                    )
+            circ.barrier()
+            circ.h(bond_idxs)
+            circ.barrier()
+            circ.measure(range(self.num_qubits), range(self.num_qubits))
+            circs.append(circ)
+        return tuple(circs)
+
+    def circuits(self) -> list[QuantumCircuit]:
+        circs_bound = []
+        for tmp_circ, param in product(self.parameterized_circuits(), self.parameters()):
+            assigned = tmp_circ.assign_parameters({self.parameter: param}, inplace=False)
+            assigned.metadata["theta"] = np.round(param / np.pi, 5)
+            circs_bound.append(assigned)
+        return circs_bound
+
+    def _metadata(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        metadata = super()._metadata()
+        metadata["connectivity"] = self.plaquettes.connectivity()
+        metadata["plaquette_qubit_map"] = {p.index: p.qubits for p in self.plaquettes.plaquettes()}
+        return metadata