fm35-decoder 0.1.2__tar.gz → 1.1__tar.gz

fm35_decoder-1.1/.gitignore

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+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+*.egg
+
+# Virtual environments
+.venv/
+venv/
+env/
+
+# Testing and caching
+.pytest_cache/
+.mypy_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+
+# Editor / IDE
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# OS files
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db

fm35_decoder-1.1/PKG-INFO

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+Metadata-Version: 2.5
+Name: fm35_decoder
+Version: 1.1
+Summary: A Python tool to decode standard FM35 TEMP weather messages from upper-air observations.
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/luciodaou/fm35_decoder
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/luciodaou/fm35_decoder/issues
+Author: Lucio Daou
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Requires-Python: >=3.12
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=2.0.0
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=3.0.0
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'dev'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# FM35 Decoder
+
+[![Ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ko--fi-F16061?style=flat&logo=ko-fi&logoColor=white)](https://ko-fi.com/luciodaou)
+[![PyPI - Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fm35_decoder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/fm35_decoder)
+[![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fm35_decoder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/fm35_decoder)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+A fast, robust Python tool to decode standard **WMO FM 35 TEMP** upper-air weather messages from radiosonde observations.
+
+For an extensive plain-English guide referencing official WMO manuals, see [TEMP_DECODING.md](TEMP_DECODING.md).
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+Install the package directly from PyPI:
+
+```bash
+pip install fm35_decoder
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Import the decoder and call `decode()` with the message parts (`TTAA`, `TTBB`, `TTCC`, `TTDD`):
+
+```python
+from fm35_decoder import decode
+
+# Your FM35/TEMP message parts
+ttaa = "TTAA 73121 83779 99938 21224 01008 00163 ///// ///// 92843 20019 07506 85570 18650 36008 ..."
+ttbb = "TTBB 73128 83779 00938 21224 11882 16804 22870 19856 33735 11056 44712 08616 55615 01218 ..."
+ttcc = "TTCC 73123 83779 70865 71568 15020 50064 67574 12519 30380 58383 08535 88906 77162 26018 ..."
+ttdd = "TTDD 7312/ 83779 11906 77162 22585 70370 33542 70970 44445 63978 55283 57785 21212 11935 ..."
+
+df_main, df_special = decode(ttaa, ttbb, ttcc, ttdd)
+
+# df_main: Clean vertical sounding profile (Pressure, Height, Temp, DewPoint, WindDir, WindSpeed)
+# df_special: Metadata, Tropopause, Maximum Wind, and Cloud groups, with the part each came from
+print(df_main)
+print(df_special)
+```
+
+Any argument may also hold a whole bulletin with several parts: `decode(bulletin)` splits it and
+decodes each part once (`split_bulletin` and `route_parts` do the splitting on their own).
+
+---
+
+## Handling Non-Standard and Extreme Meteorological Data
+
+Real-world atmospheric soundings and teletype GTS transmissions frequently contain non-standard encodings, extreme conditions, and transmission artifacts. `fm35_decoder` handles them deterministically per WMO regulations:
+
+- **Variable Wind Direction ($dd = 99$)**:
+  In WMO Code Table 0877, a wind direction reported as `99` indicates variable wind direction. The decoder sets `WindDir = np.nan` in `df_main` while preserving the numeric `WindSpeed`. Crucially, variable winds are excluded from trigonometric vector ($U/V$) decomposition so they do not distort the vertical wind field.
+- **5-Degree Directional Resolution ($fff \ge 500$)**:
+  In WMO FM 35, when the units digit of wind direction is $5^\circ$ (e.g., $275^\circ$), $500$ is added to the reported wind speed ($fff$) across both standard levels and maximum wind groups ($77P_mP_mP_m$). The decoder accurately separates the $5^\circ$ direction component from the true wind speed, avoiding the common $500\text{ kt}$ speed inflation bug.
+- **Calm Wind ($0^\circ, 0\text{ kt}$)**:
+  Calm wind is represented as `WindDir = 0.0, WindSpeed = 0.0`. True non-calm winds blowing from North are assigned `360.0°`.
+- **Wind Groups Follow $I_d$**:
+  The header's $I_d$ (Code Table 1734) names the last standard level that carries a wind group ($2$ covers $250$ and $200\text{ hPa}$, $1$ covers $150$ and $100\text{ hPa}$; tens of hPa in Part C). Levels above it are read as `PPhhh TTTDD` only, so the next group is never taken for their wind; with $I_d$ = `/` only the surface has a wind group.
+- **Temperatures That Look Like Indicators**:
+  $-66.x$ and $-77.x\,^\circ\text{C}$ (common at $150$ and $100\text{ hPa}$ in the tropics) are coded `66xxx` and `77xxx`, like the maximum wind indicators, and `21212` ($21.2\,^\circ\text{C}$) or `31313` ($-31.3\,^\circ\text{C}$) look like section markers. The group after `PPhhh` is read as the temperature by its position; only groups that cannot be a temperature and depression (`88999`, `77999`, `66999`, `41414`, `52525`, `54545`, `55555`, `56565`, `58585`) end a level early.
+- **Maximum Wind Shear**:
+  The cloud section (`41414`) belongs to Part B, so in Parts A and C a `41414` after a maximum wind is the shear group ($14\text{ kt}$ below and above).
+- **Wind Speed Units**:
+  `YY` is the day plus $50$ when speeds are in knots and the day itself when they are in m/s. m/s speeds are converted to knots in `df_main`; `df_special` keeps the reported value and unit (`240/23m/s`).
+- **Regional and National Sections**:
+  `51515`–`59595` and `61616`–`69696` come last in a part; the groups after them are never read as levels (`55555` stays a significant level in Parts B and D, `66666` a maximum wind at $666\text{ hPa}$).
+- **Part B Without Part A**:
+  A `TTBB` decodes on its own: the profile has no heights, which only Parts A and C report. A message with fewer than two temperatures (only the surface) raises `ValueError`.
+- **Part C Special Levels in Tenths of hPa**:
+  In `TTCC`, `88PtPtPt` and `77PmPmPm` give the pressure in tenths of a hectopascal (`88906` is $90.6\text{ hPa}$).
+- **Pressures Keep Their Tenths**:
+  Part D levels are reported in tenths of a hectopascal, and `df_main` keeps them (`70.7` and `70.0 hPa` stay two levels). Round for display in your own code.
+- **Repeated Sections**:
+  The `31313` and cloud sections repeat in every part and are listed once. Tropopause and maximum wind entries are all kept: a sounding may report two tropopauses (one in Part A, one in Part C). The `Part` column of `df_special` tells them apart.
+- **GTS Transmission Sequence Breaks**:
+  If network or teletype line noise drops an intermediate significant level in `TTBB` or `TTDD` (e.g., group sequence jumps directly from `22` to `44`), the decoder recovers automatically rather than terminating or discarding the remainder of the sounding.
+- **Negative Geopotential Heights ($1000\text{ hPa}$ below sea level)**:
+  When a $1000\text{ hPa}$ surface lies below sea level or below ground, WMO encodes it as $500 + |h|$. The decoder detects this offset and outputs true negative geopotential heights (e.g., `00520` $\implies -20\text{ gpm}$).
+- **Stratospheric Standard Levels ($P < 10\text{ hPa}$)**:
+  Soundings reaching the middle stratosphere in `TTCC` ($7, 5, 3, 2, 1\text{ hPa}$) are evaluated against extended standard atmosphere heights up to $47,800\text{ gpm}$.
+- **Physical Super-Saturation Prevention**:
+  Temperature inversions can cause vertical DewPoint interpolation to cross above Temperature. The decoder strictly enforces $T_d \le T$ ($\text{RH} \le 100\%$).
+
+---
+
+## Meteorological Methodology
+
+### Vertical Interpolation
+- **Temperature & Dewpoint**: Missing intermediate levels are filled via linear interpolation with respect to the **natural logarithm of pressure** ($\ln P$), only between two observed levels: nothing is extrapolated above the last observation or below the first (a top level reported as `/////` stays empty). This aligns with atmospheric thermodynamics on Skew-T / Log-P diagrams where temperature varies approximately linearly with $\ln P$.
+- **Wind Vectors**: Wind speed and direction are decomposed into orthogonal **$U$ (zonal)** and **$V$ (meridional)** vector components. Each component is interpolated independently in $\ln P$ space (again only between observed winds) before being recombined, preventing boundary artifacts across the $0^\circ/360^\circ$ North transition. A variable wind keeps its speed and no direction.
+
+### Hypsometric Geopotential Calculation
+Missing geopotential heights are computed using the Hypsometric Equation:
+$$Z_2 - Z_1 = \frac{R_d \cdot \bar{T}_v}{g_0} \ln\left(\frac{P_1}{P_2}\right)$$
+The decoder incorporates **virtual temperature ($T_v$)** when moisture data is available, accounting for air density variations in warm and humid tropical boundary layers.
+
+---
+
+## Performance & Architecture
+
+- **In-Memory WMO Code Tables**: Core WMO tables (3931, 0777, 2700, 0513, 1600, 0515, 0509, 3849, 3872, and Common Code Table C-2) are compiled directly into memory in `tables.py`, providing sub-microsecond table access with zero disk I/O overhead.
+- **NumPy Vectorization**: Hypsometric height integration and vector wind calculations leverage NumPy array operations for speed when batch-processing large archives of historical radiosonde soundings.
+
+---
+
+## Output Data Structure
+
+### `df_main` (Vertical Profile)
+```
+  Pressure  Height  Temp  DewPoint  WindDir  WindSpeed
+    1000.0     163  20.4      18.0     10.0        8.0
+     938.0     714  21.2      18.8     10.0        8.0
+     925.0     843  20.0      18.1     75.0        6.0
+     882.0    1249  16.8      16.4     23.0        8.5
+     870.0    1366  19.8      13.8     15.0       10.0
+     850.0    1570  18.6      13.6    360.0        8.0
+       ...     ...   ...       ...      ...        ...
+      30.0   23800 -58.3     -91.3     85.0       35.0
+      20.0   26480 -55.2     -89.0     90.0       38.0
+      10.0   31020 -44.1       NaN     95.0       42.0
+```
+
+### `df_special` (Metadata & Special Levels)
+```
+    Symbol     Subject    Description                                    Value  Part
+         h       Cloud    Base Height                  600-1000m (2000-3300ft)  TTBB
+        Nh       Cloud         Amount                                  8 oktas  TTBB
+        CL       Cloud       Low Type  Stratus nebulosus and/or Stratus fractus  TTBB
+        CM       Cloud       Mid Type                             No CM clouds  TTBB
+        CH       Cloud      High Type                             No CH clouds  TTBB
+        sr  Solar/Inst     Solar Corr                     NOAA solar corrected  TTAA
+      rara  Solar/Inst     Sonde Type     Vaisala RS41/DigiCORA MW41 (Finland)  TTAA
+      sasa  Solar/Inst       Tracking                               Radar (5 cm)  TTAA
+     8GGgg  Solar/Inst           Time                                    11:31  TTAA
+    PtPtPt  Tropopause       Pressure                                  90.6hPa  TTCC
+    TtTtTt  Tropopause    Temperature                                   -77.1C  TTCC
+      DtDt  Tropopause       Dewpoint                                   -89.1C  TTCC
+  dtdtftft  Tropopause           Wind                                 260/18kt  TTCC
+    PmPmPm    Max Wind       Pressure                                   200hPa  TTAA
+dmdmfmfmfm    Max Wind           Wind                                275/120kt  TTAA
+      vbvb    Max Wind    Shear Below                                     14kt  TTAA
+      vava    Max Wind    Shear Above                                     14kt  TTAA
+```
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the **MIT License**.
+You are free to use, modify, and distribute this software with attribution to the original author.

fm35_decoder-1.1/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# FM35 Decoder
+
+[![Ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/Ko--fi-F16061?style=flat&logo=ko-fi&logoColor=white)](https://ko-fi.com/luciodaou)
+[![PyPI - Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fm35_decoder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/fm35_decoder)
+[![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fm35_decoder.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/fm35_decoder)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+A fast, robust Python tool to decode standard **WMO FM 35 TEMP** upper-air weather messages from radiosonde observations.
+
+For an extensive plain-English guide referencing official WMO manuals, see [TEMP_DECODING.md](TEMP_DECODING.md).
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+Install the package directly from PyPI:
+
+```bash
+pip install fm35_decoder
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Import the decoder and call `decode()` with the message parts (`TTAA`, `TTBB`, `TTCC`, `TTDD`):
+
+```python
+from fm35_decoder import decode
+
+# Your FM35/TEMP message parts
+ttaa = "TTAA 73121 83779 99938 21224 01008 00163 ///// ///// 92843 20019 07506 85570 18650 36008 ..."
+ttbb = "TTBB 73128 83779 00938 21224 11882 16804 22870 19856 33735 11056 44712 08616 55615 01218 ..."
+ttcc = "TTCC 73123 83779 70865 71568 15020 50064 67574 12519 30380 58383 08535 88906 77162 26018 ..."
+ttdd = "TTDD 7312/ 83779 11906 77162 22585 70370 33542 70970 44445 63978 55283 57785 21212 11935 ..."
+
+df_main, df_special = decode(ttaa, ttbb, ttcc, ttdd)
+
+# df_main: Clean vertical sounding profile (Pressure, Height, Temp, DewPoint, WindDir, WindSpeed)
+# df_special: Metadata, Tropopause, Maximum Wind, and Cloud groups, with the part each came from
+print(df_main)
+print(df_special)
+```
+
+Any argument may also hold a whole bulletin with several parts: `decode(bulletin)` splits it and
+decodes each part once (`split_bulletin` and `route_parts` do the splitting on their own).
+
+---
+
+## Handling Non-Standard and Extreme Meteorological Data
+
+Real-world atmospheric soundings and teletype GTS transmissions frequently contain non-standard encodings, extreme conditions, and transmission artifacts. `fm35_decoder` handles them deterministically per WMO regulations:
+
+- **Variable Wind Direction ($dd = 99$)**:
+  In WMO Code Table 0877, a wind direction reported as `99` indicates variable wind direction. The decoder sets `WindDir = np.nan` in `df_main` while preserving the numeric `WindSpeed`. Crucially, variable winds are excluded from trigonometric vector ($U/V$) decomposition so they do not distort the vertical wind field.
+- **5-Degree Directional Resolution ($fff \ge 500$)**:
+  In WMO FM 35, when the units digit of wind direction is $5^\circ$ (e.g., $275^\circ$), $500$ is added to the reported wind speed ($fff$) across both standard levels and maximum wind groups ($77P_mP_mP_m$). The decoder accurately separates the $5^\circ$ direction component from the true wind speed, avoiding the common $500\text{ kt}$ speed inflation bug.
+- **Calm Wind ($0^\circ, 0\text{ kt}$)**:
+  Calm wind is represented as `WindDir = 0.0, WindSpeed = 0.0`. True non-calm winds blowing from North are assigned `360.0°`.
+- **Wind Groups Follow $I_d$**:
+  The header's $I_d$ (Code Table 1734) names the last standard level that carries a wind group ($2$ covers $250$ and $200\text{ hPa}$, $1$ covers $150$ and $100\text{ hPa}$; tens of hPa in Part C). Levels above it are read as `PPhhh TTTDD` only, so the next group is never taken for their wind; with $I_d$ = `/` only the surface has a wind group.
+- **Temperatures That Look Like Indicators**:
+  $-66.x$ and $-77.x\,^\circ\text{C}$ (common at $150$ and $100\text{ hPa}$ in the tropics) are coded `66xxx` and `77xxx`, like the maximum wind indicators, and `21212` ($21.2\,^\circ\text{C}$) or `31313` ($-31.3\,^\circ\text{C}$) look like section markers. The group after `PPhhh` is read as the temperature by its position; only groups that cannot be a temperature and depression (`88999`, `77999`, `66999`, `41414`, `52525`, `54545`, `55555`, `56565`, `58585`) end a level early.
+- **Maximum Wind Shear**:
+  The cloud section (`41414`) belongs to Part B, so in Parts A and C a `41414` after a maximum wind is the shear group ($14\text{ kt}$ below and above).
+- **Wind Speed Units**:
+  `YY` is the day plus $50$ when speeds are in knots and the day itself when they are in m/s. m/s speeds are converted to knots in `df_main`; `df_special` keeps the reported value and unit (`240/23m/s`).
+- **Regional and National Sections**:
+  `51515`–`59595` and `61616`–`69696` come last in a part; the groups after them are never read as levels (`55555` stays a significant level in Parts B and D, `66666` a maximum wind at $666\text{ hPa}$).
+- **Part B Without Part A**:
+  A `TTBB` decodes on its own: the profile has no heights, which only Parts A and C report. A message with fewer than two temperatures (only the surface) raises `ValueError`.
+- **Part C Special Levels in Tenths of hPa**:
+  In `TTCC`, `88PtPtPt` and `77PmPmPm` give the pressure in tenths of a hectopascal (`88906` is $90.6\text{ hPa}$).
+- **Pressures Keep Their Tenths**:
+  Part D levels are reported in tenths of a hectopascal, and `df_main` keeps them (`70.7` and `70.0 hPa` stay two levels). Round for display in your own code.
+- **Repeated Sections**:
+  The `31313` and cloud sections repeat in every part and are listed once. Tropopause and maximum wind entries are all kept: a sounding may report two tropopauses (one in Part A, one in Part C). The `Part` column of `df_special` tells them apart.
+- **GTS Transmission Sequence Breaks**:
+  If network or teletype line noise drops an intermediate significant level in `TTBB` or `TTDD` (e.g., group sequence jumps directly from `22` to `44`), the decoder recovers automatically rather than terminating or discarding the remainder of the sounding.
+- **Negative Geopotential Heights ($1000\text{ hPa}$ below sea level)**:
+  When a $1000\text{ hPa}$ surface lies below sea level or below ground, WMO encodes it as $500 + |h|$. The decoder detects this offset and outputs true negative geopotential heights (e.g., `00520` $\implies -20\text{ gpm}$).
+- **Stratospheric Standard Levels ($P < 10\text{ hPa}$)**:
+  Soundings reaching the middle stratosphere in `TTCC` ($7, 5, 3, 2, 1\text{ hPa}$) are evaluated against extended standard atmosphere heights up to $47,800\text{ gpm}$.
+- **Physical Super-Saturation Prevention**:
+  Temperature inversions can cause vertical DewPoint interpolation to cross above Temperature. The decoder strictly enforces $T_d \le T$ ($\text{RH} \le 100\%$).
+
+---
+
+## Meteorological Methodology
+
+### Vertical Interpolation
+- **Temperature & Dewpoint**: Missing intermediate levels are filled via linear interpolation with respect to the **natural logarithm of pressure** ($\ln P$), only between two observed levels: nothing is extrapolated above the last observation or below the first (a top level reported as `/////` stays empty). This aligns with atmospheric thermodynamics on Skew-T / Log-P diagrams where temperature varies approximately linearly with $\ln P$.
+- **Wind Vectors**: Wind speed and direction are decomposed into orthogonal **$U$ (zonal)** and **$V$ (meridional)** vector components. Each component is interpolated independently in $\ln P$ space (again only between observed winds) before being recombined, preventing boundary artifacts across the $0^\circ/360^\circ$ North transition. A variable wind keeps its speed and no direction.
+
+### Hypsometric Geopotential Calculation
+Missing geopotential heights are computed using the Hypsometric Equation:
+$$Z_2 - Z_1 = \frac{R_d \cdot \bar{T}_v}{g_0} \ln\left(\frac{P_1}{P_2}\right)$$
+The decoder incorporates **virtual temperature ($T_v$)** when moisture data is available, accounting for air density variations in warm and humid tropical boundary layers.
+
+---
+
+## Performance & Architecture
+
+- **In-Memory WMO Code Tables**: Core WMO tables (3931, 0777, 2700, 0513, 1600, 0515, 0509, 3849, 3872, and Common Code Table C-2) are compiled directly into memory in `tables.py`, providing sub-microsecond table access with zero disk I/O overhead.
+- **NumPy Vectorization**: Hypsometric height integration and vector wind calculations leverage NumPy array operations for speed when batch-processing large archives of historical radiosonde soundings.
+
+---
+
+## Output Data Structure
+
+### `df_main` (Vertical Profile)
+```
+  Pressure  Height  Temp  DewPoint  WindDir  WindSpeed
+    1000.0     163  20.4      18.0     10.0        8.0
+     938.0     714  21.2      18.8     10.0        8.0
+     925.0     843  20.0      18.1     75.0        6.0
+     882.0    1249  16.8      16.4     23.0        8.5
+     870.0    1366  19.8      13.8     15.0       10.0
+     850.0    1570  18.6      13.6    360.0        8.0
+       ...     ...   ...       ...      ...        ...
+      30.0   23800 -58.3     -91.3     85.0       35.0
+      20.0   26480 -55.2     -89.0     90.0       38.0
+      10.0   31020 -44.1       NaN     95.0       42.0
+```
+
+### `df_special` (Metadata & Special Levels)
+```
+    Symbol     Subject    Description                                    Value  Part
+         h       Cloud    Base Height                  600-1000m (2000-3300ft)  TTBB
+        Nh       Cloud         Amount                                  8 oktas  TTBB
+        CL       Cloud       Low Type  Stratus nebulosus and/or Stratus fractus  TTBB
+        CM       Cloud       Mid Type                             No CM clouds  TTBB
+        CH       Cloud      High Type                             No CH clouds  TTBB
+        sr  Solar/Inst     Solar Corr                     NOAA solar corrected  TTAA
+      rara  Solar/Inst     Sonde Type     Vaisala RS41/DigiCORA MW41 (Finland)  TTAA
+      sasa  Solar/Inst       Tracking                               Radar (5 cm)  TTAA
+     8GGgg  Solar/Inst           Time                                    11:31  TTAA
+    PtPtPt  Tropopause       Pressure                                  90.6hPa  TTCC
+    TtTtTt  Tropopause    Temperature                                   -77.1C  TTCC
+      DtDt  Tropopause       Dewpoint                                   -89.1C  TTCC
+  dtdtftft  Tropopause           Wind                                 260/18kt  TTCC
+    PmPmPm    Max Wind       Pressure                                   200hPa  TTAA
+dmdmfmfmfm    Max Wind           Wind                                275/120kt  TTAA
+      vbvb    Max Wind    Shear Below                                     14kt  TTAA
+      vava    Max Wind    Shear Above                                     14kt  TTAA
+```
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the **MIT License**.
+You are free to use, modify, and distribute this software with attribution to the original author.

{fm35_decoder-0.1.2 → fm35_decoder-1.1}/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "fm35_decoder"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "1.1"
 description = "A Python tool to decode standard FM35 TEMP weather messages from upper-air observations."
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.12"

fm35_decoder-1.1/src/fm35_decoder/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .decoder import decode, decode_full, route_parts, split_bulletin
+
+__all__ = ["decode", "decode_full", "route_parts", "split_bulletin"]