esper 3.4__tar.gz → 3.7__tar.gz

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ 'ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest', 'windows-latest' ]
-        python-version: [ '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12-dev', 'pypy-3.10' ]
+        python-version: [ '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14', 'pypy-3.10' ]
     steps:
       - name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.os }}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       - name: Install test dependencies

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: esper
-Version: 3.4
+Version: 3.7
 Summary: esper is a lightweight Entity System (ECS) for Python, with a focus on performance
 Author-email: Benjamin Moran <benmoran@protonmail.com>
 Requires-Python: >=3.8
 Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
 Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+License-File: LICENSE
 Project-URL: Home, https://github.com/benmoran56/esper
 
 [![pypi](https://badge.fury.io/py/esper.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/esper)
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ remove Components inside your Processors. The following functions are available
 * esper.remove_component(entity_id, ComponentClass)
 
 As an example of this, you could have a "Blink" component with a `duration` attribute. This can be used
-to make certain things blink for s specific period of time, then disappear. For example, the code below
+to make certain things blink for a specific period of time, then disappear. For example, the code below
 shows a simplified case of adding this Component to an Entity when it takes damage in one processor. A 
 dedicated `BlinkProcessor` handles the effect, and then removes the Component after the duration expires::
 

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/README.md

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ remove Components inside your Processors. The following functions are available
 * esper.remove_component(entity_id, ComponentClass)
 
 As an example of this, you could have a "Blink" component with a `duration` attribute. This can be used
-to make certain things blink for s specific period of time, then disappear. For example, the code below
+to make certain things blink for a specific period of time, then disappear. For example, the code below
 shows a simplified case of adding this Component to an Entity when it takes damage in one processor. A 
 dedicated `BlinkProcessor` handles the effect, and then removes the Component after the duration expires::
 

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/RELEASE_NOTES

@@ -1,3 +1,44 @@
+esper 3.7
+=========
+Maintenance release
+
+Changes
+-------
+- Add a new `get_entities` method that returns a generator over all entity IDs.
+
+
+esper 3.6
+=========
+Maintenance release
+
+Changes
+-------
+- Add a new `try_remove_component` function as a convenience instead of (has_component + remove_component).
+- Start migrating type hints to the modern syntax.
+
+
+esper 3.5
+=========
+Performance-focused release with major internal optimizations.
+
+Changes
+-------
+- Optimized `get_components` to iterate over the smallest set of entities, drastically speeding up queries with rare components.
+- Implemented lazy cache invalidation to reduce overhead from frequent entity modifications.
+- Sped up `get_processor` and `remove_processor` to be constant time (O(1)) operations.
+- Minor performance improvements to entity creation and deletion routines.
+- Expanded Benchmarks.
+
+
+esper 3.4
+=========
+Maintenance release
+
+Changes
+-------
+- `esper.remove_handler` should use a reference instead of direct object comparison. (#107)
+
+
 esper 3.3
 =========
 Maintenance release

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/docs/index.rst

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ The World context
 .. autofunction:: esper.components_for_entity
 .. autofunction:: esper.add_component
 .. autofunction:: esper.remove_component
+.. autofunction:: esper.try_remove_component
 .. autofunction:: esper.get_component
 .. autofunction:: esper.get_components
 .. autofunction:: esper.has_component

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/esper/__init__.py

@@ -2,28 +2,27 @@
 
 More information is available at https://github.com/benmoran56/esper
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import time as _time
 
 from types import MethodType as _MethodType
 
 from typing import Any as _Any
 from typing import Callable as _Callable
-from typing import Dict as _Dict
-from typing import List as _List
-from typing import Set as _Set
-from typing import Type as _Type
-from typing import Tuple as _Tuple
+from typing import Generator as _Generator
 from typing import TypeVar as _TypeVar
 from typing import Iterable as _Iterable
-from typing import Optional as _Optional
 from typing import overload as _overload
 
 from weakref import ref as _ref
 from weakref import WeakMethod as _WeakMethod
 
+from math import inf
+
 from itertools import count as _count
 
-__version__ = version = '3.4'
+__version__ = version = '3.7'
 
 
 ###################
@@ -104,18 +103,19 @@ _C4 = _TypeVar('_C4')
 class Processor:
     """Base class for all Processors to inherit from.
 
-    Processor instances must contain a `process` method, but you are otherwise
-    free to define the class any way you wish. Processors should be instantiated,
-    and then added to the current World context by calling :py:func:`esper.add_processor`.
-    For example::
+    Processor instances must define a :py:meth:`process` method, but you are
+    otherwise free to define the class any way you wish. Processors should be
+    instantiated, and then added to the current World context by calling
+    :py:func:`esper.add_processor`. For example::
 
         my_processor_instance = MyProcessor()
         esper.add_processor(my_processor_instance)
 
-     All the Processors that have been added to the World context will have their
-    :py:meth:`esper.Processor.process` methods called by a single call to
-    :py:func:`esper.process`. Inside the `process` method is generally where you
-    should iterate over Entities with one (or more) calls to the appropriate methods::
+    All the Processors that have been added to the World context will have
+    their :py:meth:`esper.Processor.process` methods called by a single call
+    to :py:func:`esper.process`. Inside the :py:meth:`process` method is
+    where you should iterate over Entities with one (or more) calls to the
+    appropriate esper functions::
 
         def process(self):
             for ent, (rend, vel) in esper.get_components(Renderable, Velocity):
@@ -128,46 +128,124 @@ class Processor:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-###################
-#   ECS functions
-###################
+###########################################
+#   World Context template and functions
+###########################################
 
+# Global variables that contain the state of the current world context:
 _current_world: str = "default"
-_entity_count: "_count[int]" = _count(start=1)
-_components: _Dict[_Type[_Any], _Set[_Any]] = {}
-_entities: _Dict[int, _Dict[_Type[_Any], _Any]] = {}
-_dead_entities: _Set[int] = set()
-_get_component_cache: _Dict[_Type[_Any], _List[_Any]] = {}
-_get_components_cache: _Dict[_Tuple[_Type[_Any], ...], _List[_Any]] = {}
-_processors: _List[Processor] = []
-event_registry: _Dict[str, _Any] = {}
-process_times: _Dict[str, int] = {}
-current_world: str = "default"
-
-
-# {context_name: (entity_count, components, entities, dead_entities,
-#                 comp_cache, comps_cache, processors, process_times, event_registry)}
-_context_map: _Dict[str, _Tuple[
-    "_count[int]",
-    _Dict[_Type[_Any], _Set[_Any]],
-    _Dict[int, _Dict[_Type[_Any], _Any]],
-    _Set[int],
-    _Dict[_Type[_Any], _List[_Any]],
-    _Dict[_Tuple[_Type[_Any], ...], _List[_Any]],
-    _List[Processor],
-    _Dict[str, int],
-    _Dict[str, _Any]
-]] = {"default": (_entity_count, {}, {}, set(), {}, {}, [], {}, {})}
+_entity_count: _count[int] = _count(start=1)
+_components: dict[type[_Any], set[_Any]] = {}
+_entities: dict[int, dict[type[_Any], _Any]] = {}
+_dead_entities: set[int] = set()
+_get_component_cache: dict[type[_Any], list[_Any]] = {}
+_get_components_cache: dict[tuple[type[_Any], ...], list[_Any]] = {}
+_processors: list[Processor] = []
+_processors_dict: dict[type[Processor], Processor] = {}
+_cache_dirty: bool = False
+event_registry: dict[str, _Any] = {}
+process_times: dict[str, int] = {}
+# 'public' alias that gets set when switching worlds:
+current_world: str = _current_world
+
+# The _context_map holds all variables for the active & inactive contexts.
+# We initialize it with default values::
+_context_map: dict[str, tuple[
+    _count[int],
+    dict[type[_Any], set[_Any]],
+    dict[int, dict[type[_Any], _Any]],
+    set[int],
+    dict[type[_Any], list[_Any]],
+    dict[tuple[type[_Any], ...], list[_Any]],
+    list[Processor],
+    dict[type[Processor], Processor],
+    bool,
+    dict[str, int],
+    dict[str, _Any]
+]] = {_current_world: (_entity_count, {}, {}, set(), {}, {}, [], {}, False, {}, {})}
+
+
+def list_worlds() -> list[str]:
+    """A list all World context names."""
+    return list(_context_map)
+
+
+def delete_world(name: str) -> None:
+    """Delete a World context.
+
+    This will completely delete the World, including all entities
+    that are contained within it.
+
+    Raises `PermissionError` if you attempt to delete the currently
+    active World context.
+    """
+    if _current_world == name:
+        raise PermissionError("The active World context cannot be deleted.")
+
+    del _context_map[name]
+
+
+def switch_world(name: str) -> None:
+    """Switch to a new World context by name.
+
+    Esper can have one or more "Worlds". Each World is a dedicated
+    context, and does not share Entities, Components, events, etc.
+    Some game designs can benefit from using a dedicated World
+    for each scene. For other designs, a single World may be sufficient.
+
+    This function will allow you to create and switch between as
+    many World contexts as required. If the requested name does not
+    exist, a new context is created automatically with that name.
+
+    The name of the currently active World context can be checked
+    by examining :py:attr:`esper.current_world` attribute. This
+    attribute gets updated whenever you switch Worlds.
+
+    .. note:: At startup, a "default" World context is active.
+    """
+    if name not in _context_map:
+        _context_map[name] = (_count(start=1), {}, {}, set(), {}, {}, [], {}, False, {}, {})
+
+    global _current_world
+    global _entity_count
+    global _components
+    global _entities
+    global _dead_entities
+    global _get_component_cache
+    global _get_components_cache
+    global _processors
+    global _processors_dict
+    global _cache_dirty
+    global process_times
+    global event_registry
+    global current_world
+
+    (_entity_count, _components, _entities, _dead_entities, _get_component_cache,
+     _get_components_cache, _processors, _processors_dict, _cache_dirty,
+     process_times, event_registry) = _context_map[name]
+    _current_world = current_world = name
 
 
+#####################
+#   ECS functions
+#####################
+
 def clear_cache() -> None:
     """Manually clear the Component lookup cache.
 
     Clearing the cache is not necessary to do manually,
     but may be useful for benchmarking or debugging.
     """
+    global _cache_dirty
+    _cache_dirty = True
+
+
+def _clear_cache_now() -> None:
+    """Actually clear the cache (internal use)."""
+    global _cache_dirty
     _get_component_cache.clear()
     _get_components_cache.clear()
+    _cache_dirty = False
 
 
 def clear_database() -> None:
@@ -181,7 +259,7 @@ def clear_database() -> None:
     _components.clear()
     _entities.clear()
     _dead_entities.clear()
-    clear_cache()
+    _clear_cache_now()
 
 
 def add_processor(processor_instance: Processor, priority: int = 0) -> None:
@@ -196,9 +274,10 @@ def add_processor(processor_instance: Processor, priority: int = 0) -> None:
     processor_instance.priority = priority
     _processors.append(processor_instance)
     _processors.sort(key=lambda proc: proc.priority, reverse=True)
+    _processors_dict[type(processor_instance)] = processor_instance
 
 
-def remove_processor(processor_type: _Type[Processor]) -> None:
+def remove_processor(processor_type: type[Processor]) -> None:
     """Remove a Processor from the World, by type.
 
     Make sure to provide the class itself, **not** an instance. For example::
@@ -210,23 +289,19 @@ def remove_processor(processor_type: _Type[Processor]) -> None:
         self.world.remove_processor(my_processor_instance)
 
     """
-    for processor in _processors:
-        if type(processor) is processor_type:
-            _processors.remove(processor)
+    processor = _processors_dict.pop(processor_type, None)
+    if processor:
+        _processors.remove(processor)
 
 
-def get_processor(processor_type: _Type[Processor]) -> _Optional[Processor]:
+def get_processor(processor_type: type[Processor]) -> Processor | None:
     """Get a Processor instance, by type.
 
     This function returns a Processor instance by type. This could be
     useful in certain situations, such as wanting to call a method on a
     Processor, from within another Processor.
     """
-    for processor in _processors:
-        if type(processor) is processor_type:
-            return processor
-    else:
-        return None
+    return _processors_dict.get(processor_type)
 
 
 def create_entity(*components: _C) -> int:
@@ -238,21 +313,19 @@ def create_entity(*components: _C) -> int:
     added later with the :py:func:`esper.add_component` function.
     """
     entity = next(_entity_count)
-
-    if entity not in _entities:
-        _entities[entity] = {}
+    entity_dict = {}
 
     for component_instance in components:
-
         component_type = type(component_instance)
 
         if component_type not in _components:
             _components[component_type] = set()
 
         _components[component_type].add(entity)
+        entity_dict[component_type] = component_instance
 
-        _entities[entity][component_type] = component_instance
-        clear_cache()
+    _entities[entity] = entity_dict
+    clear_cache()
 
     return entity
 
@@ -270,15 +343,16 @@ def delete_entity(entity: int, immediate: bool = False) -> None:
     Raises a KeyError if the given entity does not exist in the database.
     """
     if immediate:
-        for component_type in _entities[entity]:
-            _components[component_type].discard(entity)
+        entity_comps = _entities[entity]
+        for component_type in entity_comps:
+            comp_set = _components[component_type]
+            comp_set.discard(entity)
 
-            if not _components[component_type]:
+            if not comp_set:
                 del _components[component_type]
 
         del _entities[entity]
         clear_cache()
-
     else:
         _dead_entities.add(entity)
 
@@ -292,7 +366,12 @@ def entity_exists(entity: int) -> bool:
     return entity in _entities and entity not in _dead_entities
 
 
-def component_for_entity(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _C:
+def get_entities() -> _Generator[int]:
+    """Iterate over all living Entity IDs."""
+    yield from _entities
+
+
+def component_for_entity(entity: int, component_type: type[_C]) -> _C:
     """Retrieve a Component instance for a specific Entity.
 
     Retrieve a Component instance for a specific Entity. In some cases,
@@ -304,7 +383,7 @@ def component_for_entity(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _C:
     return _entities[entity][component_type]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
 
-def components_for_entity(entity: int) -> _Tuple[_C, ...]:
+def components_for_entity(entity: int) -> tuple[_C, ...]:
     """Retrieve all Components for a specific Entity, as a Tuple.
 
     Retrieve all Components for a specific Entity. This function is probably
@@ -318,18 +397,18 @@ def components_for_entity(entity: int) -> _Tuple[_C, ...]:
     return tuple(_entities[entity].values())
 
 
-def has_component(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> bool:
+def has_component(entity: int, component_type: type[_C]) -> bool:
     """Check if an Entity has a specific Component type."""
     return component_type in _entities[entity]
 
 
-def has_components(entity: int, *component_types: _Type[_C]) -> bool:
+def has_components(entity: int, *component_types: type[_C]) -> bool:
     """Check if an Entity has all the specified Component types."""
-    components_dict = _entities[entity]
-    return all(comp_type in components_dict for comp_type in component_types)
+    entity_comps = _entities[entity]
+    return all(comp_type in entity_comps for comp_type in component_types)
 
 
-def add_component(entity: int, component_instance: _C, type_alias: _Optional[_Type[_C]] = None) -> None:
+def add_component(entity: int, component_instance: _C, type_alias: type[_C] | None = None) -> None:
     """Add a new Component instance to an Entity.
 
     Add a Component instance to an Entiy. If a Component of the same type
@@ -345,12 +424,11 @@ def add_component(entity: int, component_instance: _C, type_alias: _Optional[_Ty
         _components[component_type] = set()
 
     _components[component_type].add(entity)
-
     _entities[entity][component_type] = component_instance
     clear_cache()
 
 
-def remove_component(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _C:
+def remove_component(entity: int, component_type: type[_C]) -> _C:
     """Remove a Component instance from an Entity, by type.
 
     A Component instance can only be removed by providing its type.
@@ -360,66 +438,133 @@ def remove_component(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _C:
     Raises a KeyError if either the given entity or Component type does
     not exist in the database.
     """
-    _components[component_type].discard(entity)
+    comp_set = _components[component_type]
+    comp_set.discard(entity)
 
-    if not _components[component_type]:
+    if not comp_set:
         del _components[component_type]
 
     clear_cache()
     return _entities[entity].pop(component_type)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
 
-def _get_component(component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _Iterable[_Tuple[int, _C]]:
+def try_remove_component(entity: int, component_type: type[_C]) -> _C | None:
+    """Try to remove a Component instance from an Entity, by type.
+
+    This operation is similar to :py:func:`esper.remove_component`, but
+    will NOT raise an exception if the Component does not exist.
+    """
+    if comp_set := _components.get(component_type):
+        comp_set.discard(entity)
+
+        if not comp_set:
+            del _components[component_type]
+
+        clear_cache()
+        return _entities[entity].pop(component_type)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _get_component(component_type: type[_C]) -> _Iterable[tuple[int, _C]]:
     entity_db = _entities
+    comp_set = _components.get(component_type)
 
-    for entity in _components.get(component_type, []):
+    if comp_set is None:
+        return
+
+    for entity in comp_set:
         yield entity, entity_db[entity][component_type]
 
 
-def _get_components(*component_types: _Type[_C]) -> _Iterable[_Tuple[int, _List[_C]]]:
+def _get_components(*component_types: type[_C]) -> _Iterable[tuple[int, tuple[_C, ...]]]:
+    if not component_types:
+        return
+
     entity_db = _entities
     comp_db = _components
 
-    try:
-        for entity in set.intersection(*[comp_db[ct] for ct in component_types]):
-            yield entity, [entity_db[entity][ct] for ct in component_types]
-    except KeyError:
-        pass
-
+    min_set = None
+    min_size = inf
+    other_types = []
+
+    for ct in component_types:
+        comp_set = comp_db.get(ct)
+        if comp_set is None:
+            return
+        set_size = len(comp_set)
+        if set_size < min_size:
+            if min_set is not None:
+                other_types.append(component_types[len(other_types)])
+            min_size = set_size
+            min_set = comp_set
+        else:
+            other_types.append(ct)
+
+    if min_set is None:
+        return
 
-def get_component(component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _List[_Tuple[int, _C]]:
+    if not other_types:
+        for entity in min_set:
+            entity_comps = entity_db[entity]
+            yield entity, tuple(entity_comps[ct] for ct in component_types)
+    else:
+        for entity in min_set:
+            entity_comps = entity_db[entity]
+            has_all = True
+            for ct in other_types:
+                if ct not in entity_comps:
+                    has_all = False
+                    break
+            if has_all:
+                yield entity, tuple(entity_comps[ct] for ct in component_types)
+
+
+def get_component(component_type: type[_C]) -> list[tuple[int, _C]]:
     """Get an iterator for Entity, Component pairs."""
-    try:
-        return _get_component_cache[component_type]
-    except KeyError:
-        return _get_component_cache.setdefault(component_type, list(_get_component(component_type)))
+    if _cache_dirty:
+        _clear_cache_now()
+
+    cached = _get_component_cache.get(component_type)
+    if cached is not None:
+        return cached
+
+    result = list(_get_component(component_type))
+    _get_component_cache[component_type] = result
+    return result
 
 
 @_overload
-def get_components(__c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2]) -> _List[_Tuple[int, _Tuple[_C, _C2]]]:
+def get_components(__c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2]) -> list[tuple[int, tuple[_C, _C2]]]:
     ...
 
 
 @_overload
-def get_components(__c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2], __c3: _Type[_C3]) -> _List[_Tuple[int, _Tuple[_C, _C2, _C3]]]:
+def get_components(__c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2], __c3: type[_C3]) -> list[tuple[int, tuple[_C, _C2, _C3]]]:
     ...
 
 
 @_overload
-def get_components(__c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2], __c3: _Type[_C3], __c4: _Type[_C4]) -> _List[
-                   _Tuple[int, _Tuple[_C, _C2, _C3, _C4]]]:
+def get_components(__c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2], __c3: type[_C3], __c4: type[_C4]) -> list[
+                   tuple[int, tuple[_C, _C2, _C3, _C4]]]:
     ...
 
 
-def get_components(*component_types: _Type[_Any]) -> _Iterable[_Tuple[int, _Tuple[_Any, ...]]]:
+def get_components(*component_types: type[_Any]) -> list[tuple[int, tuple[_Any, ...]]]:
     """Get an iterator for Entity and multiple Component sets."""
-    try:
-        return _get_components_cache[component_types]
-    except KeyError:
-        return _get_components_cache.setdefault(component_types, list(_get_components(*component_types)))
+    if _cache_dirty:
+        _clear_cache_now()
+
+    cached = _get_components_cache.get(component_types)
+    if cached is not None:
+        return cached
 
+    result = list(_get_components(*component_types))
+    _get_components_cache[component_types] = result
+    return result
 
-def try_component(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _Optional[_C]:
+
+def try_component(entity: int, component_type: type[_C]) -> _C | None:
     """Try to get a single component type for an Entity.
 
     This function will return the requested Component if it exists,
@@ -427,27 +572,28 @@ def try_component(entity: int, component_type: _Type[_C]) -> _Optional[_C]:
     that may or may not exist, without having to first query if the Entity
     has the Component type.
     """
-    if component_type in _entities[entity]:
-        return _entities[entity][component_type]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+    entity_comps = _entities.get(entity)
+    if entity_comps and component_type in entity_comps:
+        return entity_comps[component_type]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
     return None
 
 
 @_overload
-def try_components(entity: int, __c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2]) -> _Tuple[_C, _C2]:
+def try_components(entity: int, __c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2]) -> tuple[_C, _C2]:
     ...
 
 
 @_overload
-def try_components(entity: int, __c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2], __c3: _Type[_C3]) -> _Tuple[_C, _C2, _C3]:
+def try_components(entity: int, __c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2], __c3: type[_C3]) -> tuple[_C, _C2, _C3]:
     ...
 
 
 @_overload
-def try_components(entity: int, __c1: _Type[_C], __c2: _Type[_C2], __c3: _Type[_C3], __c4: _Type[_C4]) -> _Tuple[_C, _C2, _C3, _C4]:
+def try_components(entity: int, __c1: type[_C], __c2: type[_C2], __c3: type[_C3], __c4: type[_C4]) -> tuple[_C, _C2, _C3, _C4]:
     ...
 
 
-def try_components(entity: int, *component_types: _Type[_C]) -> _Optional[_Tuple[_C, ...]]:
+def try_components(entity: int, *component_types: type[_C]) -> tuple[_C, ...] | None:
     """Try to get multiple component types for an Entity.
 
     This function will return the requested Components if they exist,
@@ -455,8 +601,9 @@ def try_components(entity: int, *component_types: _Type[_C]) -> _Optional[_Tuple
     that may or may not exist, without first having to query if the Entity
     has the Component types.
     """
-    if all(comp_type in _entities[entity] for comp_type in component_types):
-        return [_entities[entity][comp_type] for comp_type in component_types]  # type: ignore[return-value]
+    entity_comps = _entities.get(entity)
+    if entity_comps and all(comp_type in entity_comps for comp_type in component_types):
+        return tuple(entity_comps[comp_type] for comp_type in component_types)
     return None
 
 
@@ -471,12 +618,17 @@ def clear_dead_entities() -> None:
     # In the interest of performance, this function duplicates code from the
     # `delete_entity` function. If that function is changed, those changes should
     # be duplicated here as well.
+    if not _dead_entities:
+        return
+
     for entity in _dead_entities:
+        entity_comps = _entities[entity]
 
-        for component_type in _entities[entity]:
-            _components[component_type].discard(entity)
+        for component_type in entity_comps:
+            comp_set = _components[component_type]
+            comp_set.discard(entity)
 
-            if not _components[component_type]:
+            if not comp_set:
                 del _components[component_type]
 
         del _entities[entity]
@@ -511,64 +663,3 @@ def timed_process(*args: _Any, **kwargs: _Any) -> None:
         start_time = _time.process_time()
         processor.process(*args, **kwargs)
         process_times[processor.__class__.__name__] = int((_time.process_time() - start_time) * 1000)
-
-
-def list_worlds() -> _List[str]:
-    """A list all World context names."""
-    return list(_context_map)
-
-
-def delete_world(name: str) -> None:
-    """Delete a World context.
-
-    This will completely delete the World, including all entities
-    that are contained within it.
-
-    Raises `PermissionError` if you attempt to delete the currently
-    active World context.
-    """
-    if _current_world == name:
-        raise PermissionError("The active World context cannot be deleted.")
-
-    del _context_map[name]
-
-
-def switch_world(name: str) -> None:
-    """Switch to a new World context by name.
-
-    Esper can have one or more "Worlds". Each World is a dedicated
-    context, and does not share Entities, Components, events, etc.
-    Some game designs can benefit from using a dedicated World
-    for each scene. For other designs, a single World may be sufficient.
-
-    This function will allow you to create and switch between as
-    many World contexts as required. If the requested name does not
-    exist, a new context is created automatically with that name.
-
-    The name of the currently active World context can be checked
-    at any time by examining the :py:attr:`esper.current_world`.
-    This attribute gets updated whenever you switch Worlds, and
-    modifying it has no effect.
-
-    .. note:: At startup, a "default" World context is active.
-    """
-    if name not in _context_map:
-        # Create a new context if the name does not already exist:
-        _context_map[name] = (_count(start=1), {}, {}, set(), {}, {}, [], {}, {})
-
-    global _current_world
-    global _entity_count
-    global _components
-    global _entities
-    global _dead_entities
-    global _get_component_cache
-    global _get_components_cache
-    global _processors
-    global process_times
-    global event_registry
-    global current_world
-
-    # switch the references to the objects in the named context_map:
-    (_entity_count, _components, _entities, _dead_entities, _get_component_cache,
-     _get_components_cache, _processors, process_times, event_registry) = _context_map[name]
-    _current_world = current_world = name

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/examples/benchmark.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import gc
+import random
 import sys
 import time
 import optparse
@@ -90,6 +91,11 @@ class Brain:
     smarts: int = 9000
 
 
+@component
+class IsPlayer:
+    pass
+
+
 #############################
 # Set up some dummy entities:
 #############################
@@ -99,6 +105,14 @@ def create_entities(number):
         esper.create_entity(Position(), Health(), Damageable())
 
 
+def create_mixed_entities(number):
+    for _ in range(number - 5):
+        esper.create_entity(Position(), Velocity())
+
+    for _ in range(5):
+        esper.create_entity(Position(), Velocity(), IsPlayer())
+
+
 #############################
 # Some timed query functions:
 #############################
@@ -120,10 +134,56 @@ def three_comp_query():
         pass
 
 
+@timing
+def rare_comp_query():
+    """
+    Benchmark a query involving a common and a rare component.
+
+    This scenario is designed to highlight the performance gain from the
+    "iterate over the smallest set" optimization. The query for
+    (Position, Velocity, IsPlayer) should be extremely fast, as it only
+    needs to iterate over the few entities that have the rare `IsPlayer`
+    component, instead of all entities with `Position`.
+    """
+    for _, (_, _, _) in esper.get_components(Position, Velocity, IsPlayer):
+        pass
+
+
+@timing
+def dynamic_world_frame(entities_to_kill, new_entities_to_create):
+    """
+    Benchmark a single frame in a dynamic world with entity churn.
+
+    This function simulates a typical game loop frame to measure performance
+    under dynamic conditions. It tests the combined cost of:
+    1. Running common queries.
+    2. Deleting a batch of existing entities (testing `delete_entity`).
+    3. Creating a batch of new entities (testing `create_entity`).
+    4. Cleaning up dead entities (testing `clear_dead_entities`).
+
+    This is a good test for the lazy cache invalidation and optimized
+    entity cleanup mechanisms.
+    """
+    for _, (_, _) in esper.get_components(Position, Velocity):
+        pass
+    for _, (_, _, _) in esper.get_components(Position, Damageable, Health):
+        pass
+
+    for ent_id in entities_to_kill:
+        if esper.entity_exists(ent_id):
+            esper.delete_entity(ent_id, immediate=False)
+
+    create_entities(new_entities_to_create)
+
+    esper.clear_dead_entities()
+
+
 #################################################
 # Perform several queries, and print the results:
 #################################################
 results = {1: {}, 2: {}, 3: {}}
+# result_times = []
+new_results = {"Rare Comp": {}, "Dynamic World": {}}
 result_times = []
 
 for amount in range(500, MAX_ENTITIES, MAX_ENTITIES//50):
@@ -163,6 +223,40 @@ for amount in range(500, MAX_ENTITIES, MAX_ENTITIES//50):
     gc.collect()
 
 
+print("\n--- Benchmarking: Optimized Scenarios ---")
+
+for amount in range(500, MAX_ENTITIES, MAX_ENTITIES//50):
+    create_mixed_entities(amount)
+    for _ in range(50):
+        rare_comp_query()
+    result_min = min(result_times)
+    print("Query rare component, {} Entities: {:f} ms".format(amount, result_min))
+    new_results["Rare Comp"][amount] = result_min
+    result_times = []
+    esper.clear_database()
+    gc.collect()
+
+for amount in range(500, MAX_ENTITIES, MAX_ENTITIES//50):
+    create_entities(amount)
+    all_entities = list(esper.get_entities())
+    k = min(10, len(all_entities))
+    entities_to_kill_per_frame = random.sample(all_entities, k=k)
+
+    for _ in range(50):
+        dynamic_world_frame(entities_to_kill_per_frame, 10)
+        all_entities = list(esper.get_entities())
+        k = min(10, len(all_entities))
+        if k > 0:
+            entities_to_kill_per_frame = random.sample(all_entities, k=k)
+
+    result_min = min(result_times)
+    print("Dynamic world frame, {} Entities: {:f} ms".format(amount, result_min))
+    new_results["Dynamic World"][amount] = result_min
+    result_times = []
+    esper.clear_database()
+    gc.collect()
+
+
 #############################################
 # Save the results to disk, or plot directly:
 #############################################
@@ -177,6 +271,7 @@ if options.plot:
         print("\nThe matplotlib module is required for plotting results.")
         sys.exit(1)
 
+    plt.figure(1)
     lines = []
     for num, result in results.items():
         x, y = zip(*sorted(result.items()))
@@ -185,5 +280,19 @@ if options.plot:
 
     plt.ylabel("Query Time (ms)")
     plt.xlabel("Number of Entities")
+    plt.title("Basic Component Queries")
     plt.legend(handles=lines, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1))
+
+    plt.figure(2)
+    lines = []
+    for name, result in new_results.items():
+        if result:
+            x, y = zip(*sorted(result.items()))
+            lines.extend(plt.plot(x, y, label=name, marker='o'))
+
+    plt.ylabel("Query Time (ms)")
+    plt.xlabel("Number of Entities")
+    plt.title("Optimized Scenarios")
+    plt.legend(handles=lines, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1))
+
     plt.show()

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/examples/pythonista_ios_example.py

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ import esper
 
 ##################################
 ## Here are a couple of Components
-##################################      
+##################################
 class Renderable(SpriteNode):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         SpriteNode.__init__(self, **kwargs)
- 
-      
+
+
 class Velocity:
     def __init__(self, x=0.0, y=0.0):
         self.x = x
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ class Velocity:
 
 ##############
 ## A processor
-##############                     
+##############
 class MovementProcessor(esper.Processor):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        
+
     def process(self):
         for ent, (rend, vel) in self.world.get_components(Renderable, Velocity):
             rend.position += (vel.x, vel.y)
@@ -33,37 +33,37 @@ class MyScene (Scene):
     def setup(self):
         #Create a World Object
         self.newworld = esper.World()
-        
+
         #Add the processor
         self.movement_processor = MovementProcessor()
         self.newworld.add_processor(self.movement_processor)
-        
+
         #Create a couple of entities
         self.player = self.newworld.create_entity()
         self.newworld.add_component(self.player, Renderable(parent=self,
                                texture='plc:Character_Boy', position=(100, 100)))
         self.newworld.add_component(self.player, Velocity(x=1, y=.5))
-        
+
         self.enemy = self.newworld.create_entity()
         self.newworld.add_component(self.enemy, Renderable(parent=self,
                                texture='plc:Character_Pink_Girl', position=(200, 200)))
         self.newworld.add_component(self.enemy, Velocity(x=.5, y=0))
-    
+
     def did_change_size(self):
         pass
-    
+
     def update(self):
         # Process the world at each update!
         self.newworld.process()
-    
+
     def touch_began(self, touch):
         pass
-    
+
     def touch_moved(self, touch):
         pass
-    
+
     def touch_ended(self, touch):
         pass
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    run(MyScene(), show_fps=True)
+    run(MyScene(), show_fps=True)

{esper-3.4 → esper-3.7}/tests/test_world.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import pytest
 
 import esper
 
+from types import GeneratorType
+
 
 # ECS test
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -65,6 +67,14 @@ def test_delete_entity():
     esper.delete_entity(empty_entity, immediate=True)
 
 
+def test_get_entities():
+    create_entities(100)
+    generator = esper.get_entities()
+    assert isinstance(generator, GeneratorType)
+    assert isinstance(next(generator), int)
+    assert len(list(generator)) == 99   # one already exhausted
+
+
 def test_component_for_entity():
     entity = esper.create_entity(ComponentC())
     assert isinstance(esper.component_for_entity(entity, ComponentC), ComponentC)
@@ -118,7 +128,7 @@ def test_get_two_components():
 
     for ent, comps in esper.get_components(ComponentD, ComponentE):
         assert isinstance(ent, int)
-        assert isinstance(comps, list)
+        assert isinstance(comps, tuple)
         assert len(comps) == 2
 
     for ent, (d, e) in esper.get_components(ComponentD, ComponentE):
@@ -133,7 +143,7 @@ def test_get_three_components():
 
     for ent, comps in esper.get_components(ComponentC, ComponentD, ComponentE):
         assert isinstance(ent, int)
-        assert isinstance(comps, list)
+        assert isinstance(comps, tuple)
         assert len(comps) == 3
 
     for ent, (c, d, e) in esper.get_components(ComponentC, ComponentD, ComponentE):
@@ -157,7 +167,7 @@ def test_try_components():
     entity1 = esper.create_entity(ComponentA(), ComponentB())
 
     one_item = esper.try_components(entity1, ComponentA, ComponentB)
-    assert isinstance(one_item, list)
+    assert isinstance(one_item, tuple)
     assert len(one_item) == 2
     assert isinstance(one_item[0], ComponentA)
     assert isinstance(one_item[1], ComponentB)
@@ -255,6 +265,21 @@ class TestRemoveComponent:
         assert not esper.has_component(entity, ComponentB)
         assert esper.component_for_entity(entity, ComponentC) is component_c
 
+    def test_try_remove_component(self):
+        component_a = ComponentA()
+        component_b = ComponentB()
+        component_c = ComponentC()
+        entity = esper.create_entity(component_a, component_b, component_c)
+
+        # The component should be deleted the first time:
+        _deleted_component = esper.try_remove_component(entity, ComponentB)
+        assert _deleted_component is component_b
+        assert not esper.has_component(entity, ComponentB)
+
+        # Future calls should return None, and not raise any Exception:
+        _deleted_component = esper.try_remove_component(entity, ComponentB)
+        assert _deleted_component is None
+
 
 def test_clear_dead_entities():
     component = ComponentA()
@@ -516,6 +541,174 @@ def test_remove_handler():
     assert esper.event_registry == {}
 
 
+##################################################
+#             Advanced Feature Tests             #
+##################################################
+
+
+def test_delayed_delete_entity():
+    """
+    Verify that delayed entity deletion works as expected.
+
+    This test checks the default deletion behavior (`immediate=False`).
+    It ensures that:
+    1. An entity marked for deletion is immediately considered non-existent
+       by the public `entity_exists()` function.
+    2. The entity's data, however, remains in the internal database
+       structures until the cleanup process is run.
+    3. After `clear_dead_entities()` is called, the entity is completely
+       purged from the database.
+    """
+    entity = esper.create_entity(ComponentA())
+    esper.delete_entity(entity, immediate=False)
+
+    assert esper.entity_exists(entity) is False
+    assert entity in esper._entities
+
+    esper.clear_dead_entities()
+
+    assert entity not in esper._entities
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        esper.components_for_entity(entity)
+
+
+def test_cache_invalidation_on_add_component():
+    """
+    Verify that adding a component correctly invalidates the query cache.
+
+    This test ensures that:
+    1. A query is run to populate the cache (making it "hot").
+    2. A new component is added to an existing entity, which should trigger
+       the lazy cache invalidation mechanism by setting the dirty flag.
+    3. A subsequent query correctly rebuilds the cache and returns the
+       expected results.
+    """
+    entity = esper.create_entity(ComponentA())
+
+    result1 = esper.get_component(ComponentA)
+    assert len(result1) == 1
+
+    esper.add_component(entity, ComponentB())
+
+    esper.clear_cache()
+    result2 = esper.get_component(ComponentA)
+    assert len(result2) == 1
+
+
+def test_cache_invalidation_on_remove_component():
+    """
+    Verify that removing a component correctly invalidates the query cache.
+
+    This test ensures that:
+    1. A query for a specific component combination is run to populate the cache.
+    2. One of the components is removed from the entity, which should
+       trigger the lazy cache invalidation by setting the dirty flag.
+    3. A subsequent query for the same component combination correctly
+       returns an empty result and clears the dirty flag.
+    """
+    entity = esper.create_entity(ComponentA(), ComponentB())
+
+    result1 = esper.get_components(ComponentA, ComponentB)
+    assert len(result1) == 1
+
+    esper.remove_component(entity, ComponentB)
+
+    result2 = esper.get_components(ComponentA, ComponentB)
+    assert len(result2) == 0
+
+
+def test_processor_priority():
+    """
+    Verify that processors are executed in the correct order based on priority.
+
+    This test adds two processors, A and B, with different priority values
+    (A has a higher priority of 10, B has a lower priority of 5). It then
+    confirms that when `esper.process()` is called, the processor with the
+    higher numerical priority (Processor A) is executed before the one with
+    the lower priority.
+    """
+
+    class PriorityProcessorA(esper.Processor):
+        priority = 10
+
+        def process(self, order_list):
+            order_list.append('A')
+
+    class PriorityProcessorB(esper.Processor):
+        priority = 5
+
+        def process(self, order_list):
+            order_list.append('B')
+
+    proc_b = PriorityProcessorB()
+    proc_a = PriorityProcessorA()
+
+    esper.add_processor(proc_b, priority=proc_b.priority)
+    esper.add_processor(proc_a, priority=proc_a.priority)
+
+    order = []
+    esper.process(order)
+
+    assert order == ['A', 'B']
+
+
+def test_weak_reference_handler_removal():
+    """
+    Verify that event handlers are automatically unregistered when garbage collected.
+
+    The event system uses weak references to handlers to prevent memory leaks.
+    This test confirms that:
+    1. A method from a temporary object instance is registered as an event handler.
+    2. After the only strong reference to the instance is deleted, the garbage
+       collector reclaims the object.
+    3. The weak reference in the event registry becomes dead, and the handler
+       is automatically removed via its callback.
+    4. Dispatching the event no longer calls the handler, and the event name
+       is removed from the registry.
+    """
+    called = 0
+
+    class TempHandler:
+        def handle(self):
+            nonlocal called
+            called += 1
+
+    temp_instance = TempHandler()
+    esper.set_handler("temp_event", temp_instance.handle)
+
+    assert "temp_event" in esper.event_registry
+
+    del temp_instance
+
+    import gc
+    gc.collect()
+
+    esper.dispatch_event("temp_event")
+    assert called == 0
+
+    assert "temp_event" not in esper.event_registry
+
+
+def test_delete_world():
+    """
+    Verify the functionality of creating and deleting world contexts.
+
+    This test checks that:
+    1. A new world context can be created implicitly via `switch_world`.
+    2. The `list_worlds` function correctly reports the existence of the new world.
+    3. The `delete_world` function successfully removes the specified world.
+    4. Attempting to delete a non-existent world correctly raises a KeyError.
+    """
+    esper.switch_world("temp_world")
+    esper.switch_world("default")
+
+    assert "temp_world" in esper.list_worlds()
+    esper.delete_world("temp_world")
+    assert "temp_world" not in esper.list_worlds()
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+         esper.delete_world("non_existent")
+
 ##################################################
 #   Some helper functions and Component templates:
 ##################################################