diff-fvr 1.0.0__tar.gz

diff_fvr-1.0.0/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: diff-fvr
+Version: 1.0.0
+Summary: Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering for Ultra-Fast Biplanar 3D-2D Spine Registration
+Author-email: Pareel Amre <pareel.amre@gmail.com>
+License: MIT
+Keywords: digitally-reconstructed-radiographs,fourier-volume-rendering,3d-2d-registration,spine-surgery,medical-imaging,image-guided-interventions
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Medical Science Apps.
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.24.0
+Requires-Dist: scipy>=1.10.0
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=2.0.0
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.7.0
+Requires-Dist: pillow>=9.5.0
+Requires-Dist: pydicom>=2.4.0
+Requires-Dist: simpleitk>=2.2.0
+Requires-Dist: scikit-image>=0.20.0
+
+# Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering (Diff-FVR) for Real-Time Biplanar 3D–2D Spine Registration
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Pages](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/pages.yml/badge.svg)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![Live Cockpit](https://img.shields.io/badge/Live%20Cockpit-GitHub%20Pages-brightgreen)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![Python 3.10+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10+-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/)
+
+**Author:** Pareel Amre  
+**Affiliation:** Faculty of Computer Science, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), 01062 Dresden, Germany  
+**Email:** `pareel.amre@gmail.com`  
+**Target Venue:** *IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging* / *Medical Image Analysis*  
+
+---
+
+## 🔬 Scientific Overview
+
+Intensity-based 3D–2D registration between pre-operative volumetric Computed Tomography (pCT) and intra-operative 2D fluoroscopy is essential for computer-assisted spine surgery (e.g. pedicle screw navigation). However, conventional ray-casting DRR synthesis scales cubically ($\mathcal{O}(N^3)$), requiring $> 1.0\text{ s}$ per projection on CPU.
+
+**Diff-FVR** formulates Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) via the **continuous Fourier Projection-Slice Theorem**, reducing rendering complexity to $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ frequency slice extraction:
+
+$$
+\mathcal{F}_{2D}\{\mathcal{P}[f(x,y,z)]\} = \mathcal{S}_{2D}\{\mathcal{F}_{3D}[f(x,y,z)]\}
+$$
+
+1. **Mathematical Anti-Aliasing:** Enforces $2\times$ spatial zero-padding bound ($Z_p = 2.0 \ge \sqrt{3}$) and $\text{sinc}^2$ spatial pre-multiplication to eliminate boundary wrap-around and peripheral roll-off.
+2. **Exact 1:1 Scale Preservation:** Implements full-bandwidth frequency slicing to preserve physical anatomical scale.
+3. **Normalized Spectral Cross-Correlation (Spectral-NCC):** Computes similarity directly in 2D Fourier space via Parseval's identity ($< 1.0\text{ ms}$ per pose) with **zero inverse Fourier transforms** inside the optimization loop.
+4. **Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics:** Models inter-vertebral flexion (L3–L4–L5) on surgical tables using Fourier linearity:
+$$
+\mathcal{F}\left\{\sum_i I_i\right\} = \sum_i S_i(\mathbf{k}, \mathbf{T}_i)
+$$
+5. **Robustness to Physical Failure Limits:** Automatic radio-opaque metal hardware saturation masking + Masked Spatial Loss (achieving $0.000\text{ mm}$ error under $30\%$ occlusion) and isocenter geometric calibration ($1/\text{mag} = \text{SAD}/\text{SDD}$).
+
+---
+
+## 📊 Comprehensive Experimental Suite (23 Benchmarks)
+
+| Experiment | Title | Key Quantitative Finding |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Exp 1** | O(N²) vs O(N³) Asymptotic Complexity | **11.5× to 72.5× speedup** over spatial raycasting (1.38 ms DRR). |
+| **Exp 2** | Rotational Invariance (72 Angles) | PSNR = 23.96 dB, SSIM = 0.9329, NCC = 0.9943 ± 0.0007. |
+| **Exp 3** | Zero-Padding & Sinc² Premultiplication | 2× padding eliminates high-frequency wrap-around; roll-off removed. |
+| **Exp 4** | Spectral-NCC 50-Trial Benchmark | 0.84 mm mTRE (98.0% success < 2.0 mm) in 1.82 s (212× per-pose acceleration). |
+| **Exp 5** | Energy Landscape & Capture Range | Smooth, strictly convex basin over ±25° / ±25 mm displacement. |
+| **Exp 6** | Biplanar vs. Monoplanar 6-DoF | Depth error Δtx reduced from 3.59 mm down to **0.03 ± 0.04 mm**. |
+| **Exp 7** | Real Hospital Patient DICOM CT Series | **mTRE = 0.020 mm** (Clean), **0.031 mm** (Low-Dose); 100% success. |
+| **Exp 8** | Capture Basin Sensitivity Bounds | 100% success at ±5° / ±5 mm; 90% at ±16° / ±16 mm. |
+| **Exp 9** | Cone-Beam Perspective Divergence | Identified 1.4× magnification distortion; isocenter calibration cuts error by 89%. |
+| **Exp 10** | Surgical Metal Hardware Occlusion | Automatic saturation threshold + Masked Spatial Loss drops error from 49.15 mm to 0.000 mm. |
+| **Exp 11** | Radiation Exposure Starvation Sweep | Sub-0.05 mm mTRE maintained across 6 orders of magnitude (10⁶ down to 10³ ph/px). |
+| **Exp 12** | Multi-Center Kaggle Lumbar CT Cohort | **mTRE = 1.341 mm** (Clean), **1.351 mm** (Low-Dose); 85.0% success. |
+| **Exp 13** | Multi-Center AMOS Cohort (NCT Dresden) | **mTRE = 1.118 mm** (Clean), **1.121 mm** (Low-Dose); 90.0% success. |
+| **Exp 14** | Resolved Failure Limits Verification | Unit tests confirm 0.000 mm precision under 30% metal occlusion. |
+| **Exp 15** | Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics | Hierarchical L3-L4-L5 model recovers base pose (0.767 mm) and in-vivo flexion (Δloss = −54.7%). |
+| **Exp 16** | Unified Multi-Center CED Benchmark | Standardized linear and logarithmic CED curves across all 3 independent cohorts. |
+| **Exp 17** | Detector FOV Truncation & Clipping | 2D Tukey cosine tapering preserves 0.75 mm mTRE up to 30% clipping. |
+| **Exp 18** | Non-Orthogonal C-Arm Angulations | Sub-millimeter (0.021–0.055 mm) down to Δϕ = 30° safe operating angle. |
+| **Exp 19** | Polychromatic Beam Hardening & Soft Tissue | High-Pass Spectral-NCC achieves 100% sub-mm (0.028–0.358 mm) across all tiers. |
+| **Exp 20** | Intraoperative Respiratory Motion Blur | Phase invariance preserves sub-millimeter tracking across 0–5 mm breathing smear. |
+| **Exp 21** | Preoperative CT Anisotropic Slice Thickness | Biplanar decoupling preserves sub-millimeter precision (0.0008 mm) on 5.0 mm trauma slices. |
+| **Exp 22** | Dynamic Streaming Fluoroscopy Tracking | Real-time video tracking across 60 frames with warm-start analytical gradients. |
+| **Exp 23** | Joint Articulation + Metal Implants | Base mTRE 0.776 mm, cuts residual loss by 48.2%, recovers in-vivo flexion angles. |
+
+---
+
+## 🎮 Interactive Surgical Registration Cockpit
+
+An interactive in-browser simulator demonstrating real-time 6-DoF biplanar registration, pedicle screw metal saturation, and physical breakdown regimes is live:
+
+👉 **[Launch Interactive Cockpit](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)**
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 Installation & CLI Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Install package in editable mode
+pip install -e .
+
+# 1. Synthesize a fast 2D DRR from 3D CT:
+fvr-render --ct data/dicom --yaw 15.0 --pitch -5.0 --view ap --res 96 --out drr_ap.png
+
+# 2. Run biplanar 6-DoF spine registration:
+fvr-register --ct data/dicom --ap data/ap_xray.png --lat data/lat_xray.png --handle-metal --out pose_result.json
+
+# 3. Run production integration test suite:
+python tests/test_core_engine.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📁 Repository Structure
+
+```
+fft-drr-project/
+├── data/
+│   ├── dicom/                 # Real clinical hospital patient CT DICOM series
+│   ├── kaggle_lumbar/         # Multi-center Kaggle lumbar spine CT
+│   └── amos/                  # AMOS multi-organ abdominal CT cohort (NCT Dresden)
+├── docs/                      # GitHub Pages interactive surgical cockpit simulator
+├── src/fvr/
+│   ├── core_engine.py         # Production engine (calibration, metal masking, bounded search)
+│   ├── diff_fvr.py            # Core Differentiable Fourier Volume Renderer
+│   ├── articulated_spine.py   # Multi-body kinematic chain (L3-L4-L5)
+│   ├── gradients.py           # Closed-form analytical Fourier phase & spectral gradients
+│   ├── robust_registration.py # Masked spatial loss engine
+│   └── dicom_loader.py        # DICOM series loader & Hounsfield-to-attenuation converter
+├── experiments/               # Complete 23 benchmark experiment scripts
+├── outputs/paper_figures/     # High-resolution 300 DPI publication figures & CSV tables
+├── tests/                     # Verification and regression test suite
+├── main.tex                   # IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging manuscript
+└── paper_manuscript.md        # Comprehensive audited research report
+```

diff_fvr-1.0.0/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering (Diff-FVR) for Real-Time Biplanar 3D–2D Spine Registration
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Pages](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/pages.yml/badge.svg)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![Live Cockpit](https://img.shields.io/badge/Live%20Cockpit-GitHub%20Pages-brightgreen)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![Python 3.10+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10+-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/)
+
+**Author:** Pareel Amre  
+**Affiliation:** Faculty of Computer Science, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), 01062 Dresden, Germany  
+**Email:** `pareel.amre@gmail.com`  
+**Target Venue:** *IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging* / *Medical Image Analysis*  
+
+---
+
+## 🔬 Scientific Overview
+
+Intensity-based 3D–2D registration between pre-operative volumetric Computed Tomography (pCT) and intra-operative 2D fluoroscopy is essential for computer-assisted spine surgery (e.g. pedicle screw navigation). However, conventional ray-casting DRR synthesis scales cubically ($\mathcal{O}(N^3)$), requiring $> 1.0\text{ s}$ per projection on CPU.
+
+**Diff-FVR** formulates Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) via the **continuous Fourier Projection-Slice Theorem**, reducing rendering complexity to $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ frequency slice extraction:
+
+$$
+\mathcal{F}_{2D}\{\mathcal{P}[f(x,y,z)]\} = \mathcal{S}_{2D}\{\mathcal{F}_{3D}[f(x,y,z)]\}
+$$
+
+1. **Mathematical Anti-Aliasing:** Enforces $2\times$ spatial zero-padding bound ($Z_p = 2.0 \ge \sqrt{3}$) and $\text{sinc}^2$ spatial pre-multiplication to eliminate boundary wrap-around and peripheral roll-off.
+2. **Exact 1:1 Scale Preservation:** Implements full-bandwidth frequency slicing to preserve physical anatomical scale.
+3. **Normalized Spectral Cross-Correlation (Spectral-NCC):** Computes similarity directly in 2D Fourier space via Parseval's identity ($< 1.0\text{ ms}$ per pose) with **zero inverse Fourier transforms** inside the optimization loop.
+4. **Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics:** Models inter-vertebral flexion (L3–L4–L5) on surgical tables using Fourier linearity:
+$$
+\mathcal{F}\left\{\sum_i I_i\right\} = \sum_i S_i(\mathbf{k}, \mathbf{T}_i)
+$$
+5. **Robustness to Physical Failure Limits:** Automatic radio-opaque metal hardware saturation masking + Masked Spatial Loss (achieving $0.000\text{ mm}$ error under $30\%$ occlusion) and isocenter geometric calibration ($1/\text{mag} = \text{SAD}/\text{SDD}$).
+
+---
+
+## 📊 Comprehensive Experimental Suite (23 Benchmarks)
+
+| Experiment | Title | Key Quantitative Finding |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Exp 1** | O(N²) vs O(N³) Asymptotic Complexity | **11.5× to 72.5× speedup** over spatial raycasting (1.38 ms DRR). |
+| **Exp 2** | Rotational Invariance (72 Angles) | PSNR = 23.96 dB, SSIM = 0.9329, NCC = 0.9943 ± 0.0007. |
+| **Exp 3** | Zero-Padding & Sinc² Premultiplication | 2× padding eliminates high-frequency wrap-around; roll-off removed. |
+| **Exp 4** | Spectral-NCC 50-Trial Benchmark | 0.84 mm mTRE (98.0% success < 2.0 mm) in 1.82 s (212× per-pose acceleration). |
+| **Exp 5** | Energy Landscape & Capture Range | Smooth, strictly convex basin over ±25° / ±25 mm displacement. |
+| **Exp 6** | Biplanar vs. Monoplanar 6-DoF | Depth error Δtx reduced from 3.59 mm down to **0.03 ± 0.04 mm**. |
+| **Exp 7** | Real Hospital Patient DICOM CT Series | **mTRE = 0.020 mm** (Clean), **0.031 mm** (Low-Dose); 100% success. |
+| **Exp 8** | Capture Basin Sensitivity Bounds | 100% success at ±5° / ±5 mm; 90% at ±16° / ±16 mm. |
+| **Exp 9** | Cone-Beam Perspective Divergence | Identified 1.4× magnification distortion; isocenter calibration cuts error by 89%. |
+| **Exp 10** | Surgical Metal Hardware Occlusion | Automatic saturation threshold + Masked Spatial Loss drops error from 49.15 mm to 0.000 mm. |
+| **Exp 11** | Radiation Exposure Starvation Sweep | Sub-0.05 mm mTRE maintained across 6 orders of magnitude (10⁶ down to 10³ ph/px). |
+| **Exp 12** | Multi-Center Kaggle Lumbar CT Cohort | **mTRE = 1.341 mm** (Clean), **1.351 mm** (Low-Dose); 85.0% success. |
+| **Exp 13** | Multi-Center AMOS Cohort (NCT Dresden) | **mTRE = 1.118 mm** (Clean), **1.121 mm** (Low-Dose); 90.0% success. |
+| **Exp 14** | Resolved Failure Limits Verification | Unit tests confirm 0.000 mm precision under 30% metal occlusion. |
+| **Exp 15** | Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics | Hierarchical L3-L4-L5 model recovers base pose (0.767 mm) and in-vivo flexion (Δloss = −54.7%). |
+| **Exp 16** | Unified Multi-Center CED Benchmark | Standardized linear and logarithmic CED curves across all 3 independent cohorts. |
+| **Exp 17** | Detector FOV Truncation & Clipping | 2D Tukey cosine tapering preserves 0.75 mm mTRE up to 30% clipping. |
+| **Exp 18** | Non-Orthogonal C-Arm Angulations | Sub-millimeter (0.021–0.055 mm) down to Δϕ = 30° safe operating angle. |
+| **Exp 19** | Polychromatic Beam Hardening & Soft Tissue | High-Pass Spectral-NCC achieves 100% sub-mm (0.028–0.358 mm) across all tiers. |
+| **Exp 20** | Intraoperative Respiratory Motion Blur | Phase invariance preserves sub-millimeter tracking across 0–5 mm breathing smear. |
+| **Exp 21** | Preoperative CT Anisotropic Slice Thickness | Biplanar decoupling preserves sub-millimeter precision (0.0008 mm) on 5.0 mm trauma slices. |
+| **Exp 22** | Dynamic Streaming Fluoroscopy Tracking | Real-time video tracking across 60 frames with warm-start analytical gradients. |
+| **Exp 23** | Joint Articulation + Metal Implants | Base mTRE 0.776 mm, cuts residual loss by 48.2%, recovers in-vivo flexion angles. |
+
+---
+
+## 🎮 Interactive Surgical Registration Cockpit
+
+An interactive in-browser simulator demonstrating real-time 6-DoF biplanar registration, pedicle screw metal saturation, and physical breakdown regimes is live:
+
+👉 **[Launch Interactive Cockpit](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)**
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 Installation & CLI Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Install package in editable mode
+pip install -e .
+
+# 1. Synthesize a fast 2D DRR from 3D CT:
+fvr-render --ct data/dicom --yaw 15.0 --pitch -5.0 --view ap --res 96 --out drr_ap.png
+
+# 2. Run biplanar 6-DoF spine registration:
+fvr-register --ct data/dicom --ap data/ap_xray.png --lat data/lat_xray.png --handle-metal --out pose_result.json
+
+# 3. Run production integration test suite:
+python tests/test_core_engine.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📁 Repository Structure
+
+```
+fft-drr-project/
+├── data/
+│   ├── dicom/                 # Real clinical hospital patient CT DICOM series
+│   ├── kaggle_lumbar/         # Multi-center Kaggle lumbar spine CT
+│   └── amos/                  # AMOS multi-organ abdominal CT cohort (NCT Dresden)
+├── docs/                      # GitHub Pages interactive surgical cockpit simulator
+├── src/fvr/
+│   ├── core_engine.py         # Production engine (calibration, metal masking, bounded search)
+│   ├── diff_fvr.py            # Core Differentiable Fourier Volume Renderer
+│   ├── articulated_spine.py   # Multi-body kinematic chain (L3-L4-L5)
+│   ├── gradients.py           # Closed-form analytical Fourier phase & spectral gradients
+│   ├── robust_registration.py # Masked spatial loss engine
+│   └── dicom_loader.py        # DICOM series loader & Hounsfield-to-attenuation converter
+├── experiments/               # Complete 23 benchmark experiment scripts
+├── outputs/paper_figures/     # High-resolution 300 DPI publication figures & CSV tables
+├── tests/                     # Verification and regression test suite
+├── main.tex                   # IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging manuscript
+└── paper_manuscript.md        # Comprehensive audited research report
+```

diff_fvr-1.0.0/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=61.0"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "diff-fvr"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering for Ultra-Fast Biplanar 3D-2D Spine Registration"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+license = { text = "MIT" }
+authors = [
+    { name = "Pareel Amre", email = "pareel.amre@gmail.com" }
+]
+keywords = [
+    "digitally-reconstructed-radiographs",
+    "fourier-volume-rendering",
+    "3d-2d-registration",
+    "spine-surgery",
+    "medical-imaging",
+    "image-guided-interventions"
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Medical Science Apps.",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License"
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "numpy>=1.24.0",
+    "scipy>=1.10.0",
+    "pandas>=2.0.0",
+    "matplotlib>=3.7.0",
+    "pillow>=9.5.0",
+    "pydicom>=2.4.0",
+    "simpleitk>=2.2.0",
+    "scikit-image>=0.20.0"
+]
+
+[project.scripts]
+fvr-render = "fvr.cli:main_render"
+fvr-register = "fvr.cli:main_register"
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+where = ["src"]

diff_fvr-1.0.0/setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[egg_info]
+tag_build = 
+tag_date = 0
+

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: diff-fvr
+Version: 1.0.0
+Summary: Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering for Ultra-Fast Biplanar 3D-2D Spine Registration
+Author-email: Pareel Amre <pareel.amre@gmail.com>
+License: MIT
+Keywords: digitally-reconstructed-radiographs,fourier-volume-rendering,3d-2d-registration,spine-surgery,medical-imaging,image-guided-interventions
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Medical Science Apps.
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.24.0
+Requires-Dist: scipy>=1.10.0
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=2.0.0
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.7.0
+Requires-Dist: pillow>=9.5.0
+Requires-Dist: pydicom>=2.4.0
+Requires-Dist: simpleitk>=2.2.0
+Requires-Dist: scikit-image>=0.20.0
+
+# Dual-Domain Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering (Diff-FVR) for Real-Time Biplanar 3D–2D Spine Registration
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Pages](https://github.com/pareelamre/diff-fvr/actions/workflows/pages.yml/badge.svg)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![Live Cockpit](https://img.shields.io/badge/Live%20Cockpit-GitHub%20Pages-brightgreen)](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+[![Python 3.10+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10+-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/)
+
+**Author:** Pareel Amre  
+**Affiliation:** Faculty of Computer Science, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), 01062 Dresden, Germany  
+**Email:** `pareel.amre@gmail.com`  
+**Target Venue:** *IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging* / *Medical Image Analysis*  
+
+---
+
+## 🔬 Scientific Overview
+
+Intensity-based 3D–2D registration between pre-operative volumetric Computed Tomography (pCT) and intra-operative 2D fluoroscopy is essential for computer-assisted spine surgery (e.g. pedicle screw navigation). However, conventional ray-casting DRR synthesis scales cubically ($\mathcal{O}(N^3)$), requiring $> 1.0\text{ s}$ per projection on CPU.
+
+**Diff-FVR** formulates Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) via the **continuous Fourier Projection-Slice Theorem**, reducing rendering complexity to $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ frequency slice extraction:
+
+$$
+\mathcal{F}_{2D}\{\mathcal{P}[f(x,y,z)]\} = \mathcal{S}_{2D}\{\mathcal{F}_{3D}[f(x,y,z)]\}
+$$
+
+1. **Mathematical Anti-Aliasing:** Enforces $2\times$ spatial zero-padding bound ($Z_p = 2.0 \ge \sqrt{3}$) and $\text{sinc}^2$ spatial pre-multiplication to eliminate boundary wrap-around and peripheral roll-off.
+2. **Exact 1:1 Scale Preservation:** Implements full-bandwidth frequency slicing to preserve physical anatomical scale.
+3. **Normalized Spectral Cross-Correlation (Spectral-NCC):** Computes similarity directly in 2D Fourier space via Parseval's identity ($< 1.0\text{ ms}$ per pose) with **zero inverse Fourier transforms** inside the optimization loop.
+4. **Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics:** Models inter-vertebral flexion (L3–L4–L5) on surgical tables using Fourier linearity:
+$$
+\mathcal{F}\left\{\sum_i I_i\right\} = \sum_i S_i(\mathbf{k}, \mathbf{T}_i)
+$$
+5. **Robustness to Physical Failure Limits:** Automatic radio-opaque metal hardware saturation masking + Masked Spatial Loss (achieving $0.000\text{ mm}$ error under $30\%$ occlusion) and isocenter geometric calibration ($1/\text{mag} = \text{SAD}/\text{SDD}$).
+
+---
+
+## 📊 Comprehensive Experimental Suite (23 Benchmarks)
+
+| Experiment | Title | Key Quantitative Finding |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Exp 1** | O(N²) vs O(N³) Asymptotic Complexity | **11.5× to 72.5× speedup** over spatial raycasting (1.38 ms DRR). |
+| **Exp 2** | Rotational Invariance (72 Angles) | PSNR = 23.96 dB, SSIM = 0.9329, NCC = 0.9943 ± 0.0007. |
+| **Exp 3** | Zero-Padding & Sinc² Premultiplication | 2× padding eliminates high-frequency wrap-around; roll-off removed. |
+| **Exp 4** | Spectral-NCC 50-Trial Benchmark | 0.84 mm mTRE (98.0% success < 2.0 mm) in 1.82 s (212× per-pose acceleration). |
+| **Exp 5** | Energy Landscape & Capture Range | Smooth, strictly convex basin over ±25° / ±25 mm displacement. |
+| **Exp 6** | Biplanar vs. Monoplanar 6-DoF | Depth error Δtx reduced from 3.59 mm down to **0.03 ± 0.04 mm**. |
+| **Exp 7** | Real Hospital Patient DICOM CT Series | **mTRE = 0.020 mm** (Clean), **0.031 mm** (Low-Dose); 100% success. |
+| **Exp 8** | Capture Basin Sensitivity Bounds | 100% success at ±5° / ±5 mm; 90% at ±16° / ±16 mm. |
+| **Exp 9** | Cone-Beam Perspective Divergence | Identified 1.4× magnification distortion; isocenter calibration cuts error by 89%. |
+| **Exp 10** | Surgical Metal Hardware Occlusion | Automatic saturation threshold + Masked Spatial Loss drops error from 49.15 mm to 0.000 mm. |
+| **Exp 11** | Radiation Exposure Starvation Sweep | Sub-0.05 mm mTRE maintained across 6 orders of magnitude (10⁶ down to 10³ ph/px). |
+| **Exp 12** | Multi-Center Kaggle Lumbar CT Cohort | **mTRE = 1.341 mm** (Clean), **1.351 mm** (Low-Dose); 85.0% success. |
+| **Exp 13** | Multi-Center AMOS Cohort (NCT Dresden) | **mTRE = 1.118 mm** (Clean), **1.121 mm** (Low-Dose); 90.0% success. |
+| **Exp 14** | Resolved Failure Limits Verification | Unit tests confirm 0.000 mm precision under 30% metal occlusion. |
+| **Exp 15** | Articulated Multi-Vertebra Kinematics | Hierarchical L3-L4-L5 model recovers base pose (0.767 mm) and in-vivo flexion (Δloss = −54.7%). |
+| **Exp 16** | Unified Multi-Center CED Benchmark | Standardized linear and logarithmic CED curves across all 3 independent cohorts. |
+| **Exp 17** | Detector FOV Truncation & Clipping | 2D Tukey cosine tapering preserves 0.75 mm mTRE up to 30% clipping. |
+| **Exp 18** | Non-Orthogonal C-Arm Angulations | Sub-millimeter (0.021–0.055 mm) down to Δϕ = 30° safe operating angle. |
+| **Exp 19** | Polychromatic Beam Hardening & Soft Tissue | High-Pass Spectral-NCC achieves 100% sub-mm (0.028–0.358 mm) across all tiers. |
+| **Exp 20** | Intraoperative Respiratory Motion Blur | Phase invariance preserves sub-millimeter tracking across 0–5 mm breathing smear. |
+| **Exp 21** | Preoperative CT Anisotropic Slice Thickness | Biplanar decoupling preserves sub-millimeter precision (0.0008 mm) on 5.0 mm trauma slices. |
+| **Exp 22** | Dynamic Streaming Fluoroscopy Tracking | Real-time video tracking across 60 frames with warm-start analytical gradients. |
+| **Exp 23** | Joint Articulation + Metal Implants | Base mTRE 0.776 mm, cuts residual loss by 48.2%, recovers in-vivo flexion angles. |
+
+---
+
+## 🎮 Interactive Surgical Registration Cockpit
+
+An interactive in-browser simulator demonstrating real-time 6-DoF biplanar registration, pedicle screw metal saturation, and physical breakdown regimes is live:
+
+👉 **[Launch Interactive Cockpit](https://pareelamre.github.io/diff-fvr/)**
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 Installation & CLI Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Install package in editable mode
+pip install -e .
+
+# 1. Synthesize a fast 2D DRR from 3D CT:
+fvr-render --ct data/dicom --yaw 15.0 --pitch -5.0 --view ap --res 96 --out drr_ap.png
+
+# 2. Run biplanar 6-DoF spine registration:
+fvr-register --ct data/dicom --ap data/ap_xray.png --lat data/lat_xray.png --handle-metal --out pose_result.json
+
+# 3. Run production integration test suite:
+python tests/test_core_engine.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📁 Repository Structure
+
+```
+fft-drr-project/
+├── data/
+│   ├── dicom/                 # Real clinical hospital patient CT DICOM series
+│   ├── kaggle_lumbar/         # Multi-center Kaggle lumbar spine CT
+│   └── amos/                  # AMOS multi-organ abdominal CT cohort (NCT Dresden)
+├── docs/                      # GitHub Pages interactive surgical cockpit simulator
+├── src/fvr/
+│   ├── core_engine.py         # Production engine (calibration, metal masking, bounded search)
+│   ├── diff_fvr.py            # Core Differentiable Fourier Volume Renderer
+│   ├── articulated_spine.py   # Multi-body kinematic chain (L3-L4-L5)
+│   ├── gradients.py           # Closed-form analytical Fourier phase & spectral gradients
+│   ├── robust_registration.py # Masked spatial loss engine
+│   └── dicom_loader.py        # DICOM series loader & Hounsfield-to-attenuation converter
+├── experiments/               # Complete 23 benchmark experiment scripts
+├── outputs/paper_figures/     # High-resolution 300 DPI publication figures & CSV tables
+├── tests/                     # Verification and regression test suite
+├── main.tex                   # IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging manuscript
+└── paper_manuscript.md        # Comprehensive audited research report
+```

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/SOURCES.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+README.md
+pyproject.toml
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/entry_points.txt
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/requires.txt
+src/diff_fvr.egg-info/top_level.txt
+src/fvr/__init__.py
+src/fvr/articulated_spine.py
+src/fvr/cli.py
+src/fvr/core_engine.py
+src/fvr/dicom_loader.py
+src/fvr/diff_fvr.py
+src/fvr/fvr_engine.py
+src/fvr/gradient_optimizer.py
+src/fvr/gradients.py
+src/fvr/raycasting_drr.py
+src/fvr/registration_3d2d.py
+src/fvr/robust_registration.py
+src/fvr/rotation_2d.py
+tests/test_core_engine.py
+tests/test_gradient_numerical.py
+tests/test_gradient_optimizer.py
+tests/test_robust_engine.py

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/dependency_links.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/entry_points.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+fvr-register = fvr.cli:main_register
+fvr-render = fvr.cli:main_render

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/requires.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+numpy>=1.24.0
+scipy>=1.10.0
+pandas>=2.0.0
+matplotlib>=3.7.0
+pillow>=9.5.0
+pydicom>=2.4.0
+simpleitk>=2.2.0
+scikit-image>=0.20.0

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/diff_fvr.egg-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fvr

diff_fvr-1.0.0/src/fvr/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""
+Diff-FVR: Differentiable Fourier Volume Rendering for 3D-2D Registration.
+Author: Pareel Amre, TU Dresden
+"""
+
+from .fvr_engine import FourierVolumeRenderer
+from .diff_fvr import DifferentiableFourierVolumeRenderer
+from .core_engine import RobustDiffFVREngine, detect_radio_opaque_metal
+from .gradients import SpectralGradientEngine
+from .articulated_spine import ArticulatedSpineModel, VertebralSegment
+from .raycasting_drr import raycast_drr
+from .rotation_2d import rotate_2d_fft
+from .dicom_loader import load_dicom_series, create_spine_phantom, hu_to_attenuation
+from .registration_3d2d import compute_mtre_6dof
+from .cli import main_render, main_register
+
+__version__ = "1.0.0"
+
+__all__ = [
+    "FourierVolumeRenderer",
+    "DifferentiableFourierVolumeRenderer",
+    "RobustDiffFVREngine",
+    "detect_radio_opaque_metal",
+    "SpectralGradientEngine",
+    "ArticulatedSpineModel",
+    "VertebralSegment",
+    "raycast_drr",
+    "rotate_2d_fft",
+    "load_dicom_series",
+    "create_spine_phantom",
+    "hu_to_attenuation",
+    "compute_mtre_6dof",
+    "main_render",
+    "main_register"
+]