cunumpy 0.1.5__tar.gz → 0.2.0__tar.gz

cunumpy-0.2.0/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: cunumpy
+Version: 0.2.0
+Summary: Simple wrapper for numpy and cupy. Replace `import numpy as np` with `import cunumpy as xp`.
+Author: Max
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/max-models/cunumpy
+Keywords: python
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+Requires-Dist: array-api-compat
+Requires-Dist: numpy
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: black[jupyter]; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: isort; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: cunumpy[docs,test-compiled]; extra == "dev"
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: ipykernel; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: myst-parser; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: nbconvert; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: nbsphinx; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: jupyterlab; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: pre-commit; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: pyproject-fmt; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-book-theme; extra == "docs"
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: coverage; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == "test"
+Provides-Extra: test-compiled
+Requires-Dist: cunumpy[test]; extra == "test-compiled"
+Requires-Dist: pyccel; extra == "test-compiled"
+
+# CuNumpy
+
+CuNumpy lets a Python program use a NumPy-like API while choosing NumPy arrays
+on the CPU or CuPy arrays on an NVIDIA GPU. In the simplest case, replace
+`import numpy as np` with `import cunumpy as xp`; the array operations you
+already know then run on the selected backend.
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+values = xp.arange(5, dtype=xp.float64)
+print(values * 2)
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'numpy' by default
+```
+
+CuNumpy selects an array library for newly requested operations. It does not
+move existing arrays just because the selected backend changes. This guide
+covers backend selection, array movement, mixed CPU/GPU workflows, and the
+helper APIs CuNumpy provides around NumPy and CuPy.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+python -m pip install cunumpy
+```
+
+NumPy and `array-api-compat` are installed as dependencies. To use a GPU,
+install a CuPy package compatible with your CUDA environment as well. CuPy
+installation depends on the CUDA version and platform; follow the CuPy
+installation instructions for your system. CuNumpy does not install CUDA.
+
+`array-api-compat` supplies NumPy and CuPy compatibility modules with more
+consistent behavior for shared array operations. CuNumpy uses them internally;
+your arrays remain ordinary NumPy or CuPy arrays. See [why CuNumpy uses
+`array-api-compat`](docs/source/array-api-compat.md) for a plain-language
+explanation and examples.
+
+## Choose a backend
+
+CuNumpy starts with NumPy unless `ARRAY_BACKEND=cupy` is set before import.
+You can also choose at runtime:
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+xp.set_backend("cupy")
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'cupy' if CuPy and CUDA are functional
+
+values = xp.arange(5)  # created by the active backend
+```
+
+The accepted backend names are `"numpy"` and `"cupy"`. If CuPy is requested
+but unavailable or not functional, CuNumpy falls back to NumPy. Always check
+`get_backend()` when the effective backend matters, such as when reporting
+configuration or deciding whether GPU-specific work will happen.
+
+Use `use_backend()` for a temporary selection. It restores the previous
+selection when the block exits, including when an exception is raised:
+
+```python
+with xp.use_backend("numpy"):
+    cpu_values = xp.linspace(0, 1, 100)
+    assert xp.get_backend() == "numpy"
+
+# The previous global backend is active again here.
+```
+
+The backend selection is process-wide shared state. Do not switch it
+independently from multiple threads or async tasks; those changes can
+interfere. A context manager is useful for sequential code, tests, and
+notebooks.
+
+## Understand the two backend questions
+
+The active backend controls which library CuNumpy exposes through its NumPy
+like operations. The array backend reports where one particular array lives.
+These can differ: changing the active backend does not convert arrays that
+already exist.
+
+```python
+xp.set_backend("numpy")
+cpu_values = xp.arange(3)
+
+gpu_values = xp.to_cupy(cpu_values)  # explicit transfer
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'numpy'
+print(xp.get_array_backend(gpu_values))  # 'cupy'
+```
+
+Use `is_cpu(array)`, `is_gpu(array)`, or `get_array_backend(array)` when
+dispatch should follow the array passed to a function. `get_array_module()`
+returns the matching `array_api_compat` module, which is useful when writing
+backend-generic functions:
+
+```python
+def vector_norm(values):
+    array_xp = xp.get_array_module(values)
+    return array_xp.sqrt(array_xp.sum(values * values))
+```
+
+## Move data between CPU and GPU
+
+Transfers are explicit so it is clear when data crosses the CPU/GPU boundary:
+
+```python
+host = xp.to_numpy(gpu_values)  # CuPy -> NumPy (host)
+device = xp.to_cupy(host)  # NumPy/array-like -> CuPy (device)
+active = xp.to_cunumpy(host)  # convert to the currently selected backend
+```
+
+`to_numpy()` also accepts ordinary array-like values. `to_cupy()` raises
+`ImportError` when CuPy or a functional CUDA runtime is unavailable.
+`to_cunumpy()` is useful at API boundaries where the consumer expects the
+currently selected backend. It does not change the original array.
+
+Avoid transferring data inside a tight loop. Keep intermediate arrays on one
+backend and move only at boundaries such as file I/O, plotting, or a
+CPU-only library call. For example:
+
+```python
+with xp.use_backend("cupy"):
+    signal = xp.asarray(host_signal)
+    filtered = xp.fft.rfft(signal)
+    result = xp.to_numpy(filtered)  # one transfer for a CPU-only consumer
+```
+
+## Random numbers and dtypes
+
+`get_rng(seed)` returns a random generator for the active backend. NumPy and
+CuPy have similar generator APIs, though exact bit-for-bit sequences are not
+guaranteed to match between libraries:
+
+```python
+rng = xp.get_rng(seed=42)
+samples = rng.normal(size=1000)
+```
+
+Use `default_float_dtype()` when code needs to explicitly request the active
+backend's `float64` dtype rather than rely on Python scalar inference:
+
+```python
+x = xp.asarray([1.0, 2.0], dtype=xp.default_float_dtype())
+```
+
+## GPU selection and memory helpers
+
+These helpers are useful for multi-GPU programs and for understanding CuPy's
+memory behavior:
+
+```python
+print("visible GPUs:", xp.device_count())
+xp.set_device(0)  # selects CUDA device 0 when CuPy is active
+print("memory (free, total):", xp.memory_info())
+```
+
+`set_device()` is a no-op on NumPy. `device_count()` checks visible CUDA
+hardware even if the active backend is NumPy; it returns zero when CuPy/CUDA
+cannot be used. `memory_info()` returns `(free_bytes, total_bytes)` on the
+active CuPy device and `None` on NumPy. `set_device_for_rank(rank)` is a
+round-robin convenience for MPI layouts where local ranks map contiguously to
+GPUs. If your scheduler uses a different mapping, select the device directly.
+
+CuPy caches released allocations in memory pools. This can make process-level
+GPU memory appear occupied after arrays go out of scope. `free_memory()` asks
+CuPy to release currently free cached blocks; it does not free memory still
+referenced by live arrays.
+
+`pin_memory(host_array)` makes a pinned host copy, which can improve transfer
+throughput for workloads that explicitly manage asynchronous transfers.
+`stream()` creates a non-blocking CuPy stream and yields it; it yields `None`
+on NumPy. GPU work is asynchronous, so synchronize before reading results on
+the host:
+
+```python
+with xp.stream():
+    device = xp.to_cupy(host)
+    transformed = xp.fft.fft(device)
+
+xp.synchronize()
+result = xp.to_numpy(transformed)
+```
+
+## Use NumPy-only kernels with CuPy arrays
+
+`PyccelKernel` adapts a callable that expects NumPy arrays. When conversion is
+needed, CuNumpy copies CuPy inputs to the host, calls the wrapped function,
+copies in-place output changes back to the device, and moves returned NumPy
+arrays to CuPy. With NumPy inputs, the wrapper calls the function directly.
+CuNumpy does not compile functions or import Pyccel for you.
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+
+def scale_in_place(values, factor):
+    values[:] *= factor
+    return values
+
+
+scale = xp.PyccelKernel(scale_in_place, outputs=(0,))
+
+with xp.use_backend("cupy"):
+    values = xp.arange(5, dtype=xp.float64)
+    returned = scale(values, 3.0)
+    xp.synchronize()
+```
+
+By default every converted argument is copied back, because the wrapper cannot
+know which arguments the kernel changed. `outputs=(0,)` declares that
+positional argument 0 is written, avoiding unnecessary copy-back for
+read-only inputs. For a keyword call, declare the keyword name, such as
+`outputs=("out",)`. A wrong declaration can leave GPU output values stale.
+The wrapper can also traverse arrays nested in lists, tuples, dictionaries,
+and selected application objects; see the full [API reference](docs/source/api.md)
+for `object_modules`, `is_array`, aliasing, and output declarations.
+
+## Pyodide
+
+CuNumpy supports the NumPy backend in Pyodide. It does not provide CuPy/CUDA
+there. Ordinary Python callables can be wrapped with `PyccelKernel` without
+compilation. See the [Pyodide guide](docs/source/pyodide.md) for a complete
+installation example and compatibility notes.
+
+## Documentation
+
+The [user guide](docs/source/quickstart.md) explains common workflows. The
+[API reference](docs/source/api.md) documents each helper and its behavior.
+The [Pyodide guide](docs/source/pyodide.md) covers WebAssembly usage.

cunumpy-0.2.0/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+# CuNumpy
+
+CuNumpy lets a Python program use a NumPy-like API while choosing NumPy arrays
+on the CPU or CuPy arrays on an NVIDIA GPU. In the simplest case, replace
+`import numpy as np` with `import cunumpy as xp`; the array operations you
+already know then run on the selected backend.
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+values = xp.arange(5, dtype=xp.float64)
+print(values * 2)
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'numpy' by default
+```
+
+CuNumpy selects an array library for newly requested operations. It does not
+move existing arrays just because the selected backend changes. This guide
+covers backend selection, array movement, mixed CPU/GPU workflows, and the
+helper APIs CuNumpy provides around NumPy and CuPy.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+python -m pip install cunumpy
+```
+
+NumPy and `array-api-compat` are installed as dependencies. To use a GPU,
+install a CuPy package compatible with your CUDA environment as well. CuPy
+installation depends on the CUDA version and platform; follow the CuPy
+installation instructions for your system. CuNumpy does not install CUDA.
+
+`array-api-compat` supplies NumPy and CuPy compatibility modules with more
+consistent behavior for shared array operations. CuNumpy uses them internally;
+your arrays remain ordinary NumPy or CuPy arrays. See [why CuNumpy uses
+`array-api-compat`](docs/source/array-api-compat.md) for a plain-language
+explanation and examples.
+
+## Choose a backend
+
+CuNumpy starts with NumPy unless `ARRAY_BACKEND=cupy` is set before import.
+You can also choose at runtime:
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+xp.set_backend("cupy")
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'cupy' if CuPy and CUDA are functional
+
+values = xp.arange(5)  # created by the active backend
+```
+
+The accepted backend names are `"numpy"` and `"cupy"`. If CuPy is requested
+but unavailable or not functional, CuNumpy falls back to NumPy. Always check
+`get_backend()` when the effective backend matters, such as when reporting
+configuration or deciding whether GPU-specific work will happen.
+
+Use `use_backend()` for a temporary selection. It restores the previous
+selection when the block exits, including when an exception is raised:
+
+```python
+with xp.use_backend("numpy"):
+    cpu_values = xp.linspace(0, 1, 100)
+    assert xp.get_backend() == "numpy"
+
+# The previous global backend is active again here.
+```
+
+The backend selection is process-wide shared state. Do not switch it
+independently from multiple threads or async tasks; those changes can
+interfere. A context manager is useful for sequential code, tests, and
+notebooks.
+
+## Understand the two backend questions
+
+The active backend controls which library CuNumpy exposes through its NumPy
+like operations. The array backend reports where one particular array lives.
+These can differ: changing the active backend does not convert arrays that
+already exist.
+
+```python
+xp.set_backend("numpy")
+cpu_values = xp.arange(3)
+
+gpu_values = xp.to_cupy(cpu_values)  # explicit transfer
+print(xp.get_backend())  # 'numpy'
+print(xp.get_array_backend(gpu_values))  # 'cupy'
+```
+
+Use `is_cpu(array)`, `is_gpu(array)`, or `get_array_backend(array)` when
+dispatch should follow the array passed to a function. `get_array_module()`
+returns the matching `array_api_compat` module, which is useful when writing
+backend-generic functions:
+
+```python
+def vector_norm(values):
+    array_xp = xp.get_array_module(values)
+    return array_xp.sqrt(array_xp.sum(values * values))
+```
+
+## Move data between CPU and GPU
+
+Transfers are explicit so it is clear when data crosses the CPU/GPU boundary:
+
+```python
+host = xp.to_numpy(gpu_values)  # CuPy -> NumPy (host)
+device = xp.to_cupy(host)  # NumPy/array-like -> CuPy (device)
+active = xp.to_cunumpy(host)  # convert to the currently selected backend
+```
+
+`to_numpy()` also accepts ordinary array-like values. `to_cupy()` raises
+`ImportError` when CuPy or a functional CUDA runtime is unavailable.
+`to_cunumpy()` is useful at API boundaries where the consumer expects the
+currently selected backend. It does not change the original array.
+
+Avoid transferring data inside a tight loop. Keep intermediate arrays on one
+backend and move only at boundaries such as file I/O, plotting, or a
+CPU-only library call. For example:
+
+```python
+with xp.use_backend("cupy"):
+    signal = xp.asarray(host_signal)
+    filtered = xp.fft.rfft(signal)
+    result = xp.to_numpy(filtered)  # one transfer for a CPU-only consumer
+```
+
+## Random numbers and dtypes
+
+`get_rng(seed)` returns a random generator for the active backend. NumPy and
+CuPy have similar generator APIs, though exact bit-for-bit sequences are not
+guaranteed to match between libraries:
+
+```python
+rng = xp.get_rng(seed=42)
+samples = rng.normal(size=1000)
+```
+
+Use `default_float_dtype()` when code needs to explicitly request the active
+backend's `float64` dtype rather than rely on Python scalar inference:
+
+```python
+x = xp.asarray([1.0, 2.0], dtype=xp.default_float_dtype())
+```
+
+## GPU selection and memory helpers
+
+These helpers are useful for multi-GPU programs and for understanding CuPy's
+memory behavior:
+
+```python
+print("visible GPUs:", xp.device_count())
+xp.set_device(0)  # selects CUDA device 0 when CuPy is active
+print("memory (free, total):", xp.memory_info())
+```
+
+`set_device()` is a no-op on NumPy. `device_count()` checks visible CUDA
+hardware even if the active backend is NumPy; it returns zero when CuPy/CUDA
+cannot be used. `memory_info()` returns `(free_bytes, total_bytes)` on the
+active CuPy device and `None` on NumPy. `set_device_for_rank(rank)` is a
+round-robin convenience for MPI layouts where local ranks map contiguously to
+GPUs. If your scheduler uses a different mapping, select the device directly.
+
+CuPy caches released allocations in memory pools. This can make process-level
+GPU memory appear occupied after arrays go out of scope. `free_memory()` asks
+CuPy to release currently free cached blocks; it does not free memory still
+referenced by live arrays.
+
+`pin_memory(host_array)` makes a pinned host copy, which can improve transfer
+throughput for workloads that explicitly manage asynchronous transfers.
+`stream()` creates a non-blocking CuPy stream and yields it; it yields `None`
+on NumPy. GPU work is asynchronous, so synchronize before reading results on
+the host:
+
+```python
+with xp.stream():
+    device = xp.to_cupy(host)
+    transformed = xp.fft.fft(device)
+
+xp.synchronize()
+result = xp.to_numpy(transformed)
+```
+
+## Use NumPy-only kernels with CuPy arrays
+
+`PyccelKernel` adapts a callable that expects NumPy arrays. When conversion is
+needed, CuNumpy copies CuPy inputs to the host, calls the wrapped function,
+copies in-place output changes back to the device, and moves returned NumPy
+arrays to CuPy. With NumPy inputs, the wrapper calls the function directly.
+CuNumpy does not compile functions or import Pyccel for you.
+
+```python
+import cunumpy as xp
+
+
+def scale_in_place(values, factor):
+    values[:] *= factor
+    return values
+
+
+scale = xp.PyccelKernel(scale_in_place, outputs=(0,))
+
+with xp.use_backend("cupy"):
+    values = xp.arange(5, dtype=xp.float64)
+    returned = scale(values, 3.0)
+    xp.synchronize()
+```
+
+By default every converted argument is copied back, because the wrapper cannot
+know which arguments the kernel changed. `outputs=(0,)` declares that
+positional argument 0 is written, avoiding unnecessary copy-back for
+read-only inputs. For a keyword call, declare the keyword name, such as
+`outputs=("out",)`. A wrong declaration can leave GPU output values stale.
+The wrapper can also traverse arrays nested in lists, tuples, dictionaries,
+and selected application objects; see the full [API reference](docs/source/api.md)
+for `object_modules`, `is_array`, aliasing, and output declarations.
+
+## Pyodide
+
+CuNumpy supports the NumPy backend in Pyodide. It does not provide CuPy/CUDA
+there. Ordinary Python callables can be wrapped with `PyccelKernel` without
+compilation. See the [Pyodide guide](docs/source/pyodide.md) for a complete
+installation example and compatibility notes.
+
+## Documentation
+
+The [user guide](docs/source/quickstart.md) explains common workflows. The
+[API reference](docs/source/api.md) documents each helper and its behavior.
+The [Pyodide guide](docs/source/pyodide.md) covers WebAssembly usage.

{cunumpy-0.1.5 → cunumpy-0.2.0}/pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ requires = [ "setuptools", "wheel" ]
 
 [project]
 name = "cunumpy"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.2.0"
 description = "Simple wrapper for numpy and cupy. Replace `import numpy as np` with `import cunumpy as xp`."
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = [ "python" ]

{cunumpy-0.1.5 → cunumpy-0.2.0}/src/cunumpy/__init__.py

@@ -6,12 +6,22 @@ from .kernel import PyccelKernel
 from .xp import (
     assert_same_backend,
     cupy_available,
+    default_float_dtype,
+    device_count,
+    free_memory,
+    get_array_backend,
+    get_array_module,
     get_backend,
+    get_rng,
     is_cpu,
     is_gpu,
+    memory_info,
+    pin_memory,
     same_backend,
     set_backend,
     set_device,
+    set_device_for_rank,
+    stream,
     synchronize,
     to_cunumpy,
     to_cupy,
@@ -30,13 +40,23 @@ __all__ = [
     "assert_same_backend",
     "cupy_available",
     "cupy_backend",
+    "default_float_dtype",
+    "device_count",
+    "free_memory",
+    "get_array_backend",
+    "get_array_module",
     "get_backend",
+    "get_rng",
     "is_cpu",
     "is_gpu",
+    "memory_info",
     "numpy_backend",
+    "pin_memory",
     "same_backend",
     "set_backend",
     "set_device",
+    "set_device_for_rank",
+    "stream",
     "synchronize",
     "to_cunumpy",
     "to_cupy",

{cunumpy-0.1.5 → cunumpy-0.2.0}/src/cunumpy/__init__.pyi

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ def to_numpy(array: Any) -> np.ndarray: ...
 def to_cupy(array: Any) -> Any: ...
 def to_cunumpy(array: Any) -> Any: ...
 def cupy_available() -> bool: ...
-def get_backend(array: Any) -> str: ...
+def get_array_module(array: Any) -> Any: ...
+def get_backend() -> str: ...
+def get_array_backend(array: Any) -> str: ...
 def is_gpu(array: Any) -> bool: ...
 def is_cpu(array: Any) -> bool: ...
 def same_backend(*arrays: Any) -> bool: ...
@@ -23,6 +25,15 @@ def assert_same_backend(*arrays: Any) -> None: ...
 def use_backend(backend: str) -> Generator[None]: ...
 def set_backend(backend: str) -> None: ...
 def set_device(device_id: int) -> None: ...
+def set_device_for_rank(rank: int, devices_per_node: int | None = ...) -> int: ...
+def device_count() -> int: ...
+def memory_info() -> tuple[int, int] | None: ...
+def free_memory() -> None: ...
+def pin_memory(array: Any) -> Any: ...
+@contextmanager
+def stream() -> Generator[Any]: ...
+def get_rng(seed: int | None = ...) -> Any: ...
+def default_float_dtype() -> Any: ...
 def synchronize() -> None: ...
 
 numpy_backend: bool

{cunumpy-0.1.5 → cunumpy-0.2.0}/src/cunumpy/kernel.py

@@ -41,6 +41,12 @@ class PyccelKernel:
         Module prefixes (e.g. ``("struphy.", "feectools.")``) whose instances
         should be traversed attribute-by-attribute when looking for arrays to
         convert. Objects from other modules are passed through untouched.
+    is_array : callable, optional
+        Predicate deciding whether a host-side value returned by the kernel
+        (or reachable from a declared output) counts as an array to move
+        back to the device. Defaults to ``isinstance(value, np.ndarray)``.
+        Override this if the kernel returns/mutates a NumPy subclass or a
+        custom host array type that should also be converted back to CuPy.
     outputs : sequence of int or str, optional
         Which arguments the kernel writes to. Only those are copied back to the
         device after the call, which avoids pointless device transfers for the
@@ -68,11 +74,13 @@ class PyccelKernel:
         kernel: Callable[..., Any],
         use_cupy: bool | None = None,
         object_modules: Sequence[str] = (),
+        is_array: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
         outputs: Sequence[int | str] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._kernel = kernel
         self._use_cupy = use_cupy
         self._object_modules = tuple(object_modules)
+        self._is_array = is_array or (lambda value: isinstance(value, np.ndarray))
 
         if outputs is None:
             self._outputs: tuple[int | str, ...] | None = None
@@ -165,15 +173,14 @@ class PyccelKernel:
 
         return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _convert_from_numpy(value: Any) -> Any:
-        """Move NumPy arrays returned by the kernel back to the device."""
-        if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
+    def _convert_from_numpy(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+        """Move host arrays returned by the kernel back to the device."""
+        if self._is_array(value):
             return to_cupy(value)
         if isinstance(value, tuple):
-            return tuple(PyccelKernel._convert_from_numpy(item) for item in value)
+            return tuple(self._convert_from_numpy(item) for item in value)
         if isinstance(value, list):
-            return [PyccelKernel._convert_from_numpy(item) for item in value]
+            return [self._convert_from_numpy(item) for item in value]
         return value
 
     def _collect_host_arrays(self, value: Any, found: set[int], seen: set[int]) -> None:
@@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ class PyccelKernel:
         :meth:`_convert_to_numpy`, so that an output declared as a container or
         an object contributes the arrays nested inside it.
         """
-        if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
+        if self._is_array(value):
             found.add(id(value))
             return
 
@@ -341,6 +348,11 @@ class PyccelKernel:
         """Module prefixes whose instances are traversed for arrays."""
         return self._object_modules
 
+    @property
+    def is_array(self) -> Callable[[Any], bool]:
+        """Predicate identifying host values to convert back to the device."""
+        return self._is_array
+
     @property
     def outputs(self) -> tuple[int | str, ...] | None:
         """Declared output arguments, or ``None`` if every array is copied back."""