catocli 3.0.18__tar.gz → 3.0.22__tar.gz

{catocli-3.0.18 → catocli-3.0.22}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: catocli
-Version: 3.0.18
+Version: 3.0.22
 Summary: Cato Networks cli wrapper for the GraphQL API.
 Home-page: https://github.com/Cato-Networks/cato-cli
 Author: Cato Networks

{catocli-3.0.18 → catocli-3.0.22}/catocli/Utils/clidriver.py

@@ -50,20 +50,20 @@ from ..parsers.query_accountSnapshot import query_accountSnapshot_parse
 from ..parsers.query_catalogs import query_catalogs_parse
 from ..parsers.query_xdr import query_xdr_parse
 from ..parsers.query_site import query_site_parse
-from ..parsers.query_groups import query_groups_parse
 from ..parsers.query_policy import query_policy_parse
+from ..parsers.query_groups import query_groups_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_xdr import mutation_xdr_parse
-from ..parsers.mutation_policy import mutation_policy_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_site import mutation_site_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_sites import mutation_sites_parse
+from ..parsers.mutation_policy import mutation_policy_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_container import mutation_container_parse
+from ..parsers.mutation_admin import mutation_admin_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_accountManagement import mutation_accountManagement_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_sandbox import mutation_sandbox_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_licensing import mutation_licensing_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_hardware import mutation_hardware_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_groups import mutation_groups_parse
 from ..parsers.mutation_enterpriseDirectory import mutation_enterpriseDirectory_parse
-from ..parsers.mutation_admin import mutation_admin_parse
 
 def show_version_info(args, configuration=None):
     print(f"catocli version {catocli.__version__}")
@@ -185,20 +185,20 @@ query_accountSnapshot_parser = query_accountSnapshot_parse(query_subparsers)
 query_catalogs_parser = query_catalogs_parse(query_subparsers)
 query_xdr_parser = query_xdr_parse(query_subparsers)
 query_site_parser = query_site_parse(query_subparsers)
-query_groups_parser = query_groups_parse(query_subparsers)
 query_policy_parser = query_policy_parse(query_subparsers)
+query_groups_parser = query_groups_parse(query_subparsers)
 mutation_xdr_parser = mutation_xdr_parse(mutation_subparsers)
-mutation_policy_parser = mutation_policy_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_site_parser = mutation_site_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_sites_parser = mutation_sites_parse(mutation_subparsers)
+mutation_policy_parser = mutation_policy_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_container_parser = mutation_container_parse(mutation_subparsers)
+mutation_admin_parser = mutation_admin_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_accountManagement_parser = mutation_accountManagement_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_sandbox_parser = mutation_sandbox_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_licensing_parser = mutation_licensing_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_hardware_parser = mutation_hardware_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_groups_parser = mutation_groups_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 mutation_enterpriseDirectory_parser = mutation_enterpriseDirectory_parse(mutation_subparsers)
-mutation_admin_parser = mutation_admin_parse(mutation_subparsers)
 
 
 def parse_headers(header_strings):
@@ -287,8 +287,16 @@ def main(args=None):
                     # Print CSV output directly without JSON formatting
                     print(response[0]["__csv_output__"], end='')
                 else:
-                    # Standard JSON output
-                    print(json.dumps(response[0], sort_keys=True, indent=4))
+                    # Handle different response formats more robustly
+                    if isinstance(response, list) and len(response) > 0:
+                        # Standard format: [data, status, headers]
+                        print(json.dumps(response[0], sort_keys=True, indent=4))
+                    elif isinstance(response, dict):
+                        # Direct dict response
+                        print(json.dumps(response, sort_keys=True, indent=4))
+                    else:
+                        # Fallback: print as-is
+                        print(json.dumps(response, sort_keys=True, indent=4))
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print('Operation cancelled by user (Ctrl+C).')
         exit(130)  # Standard exit code for SIGINT

catocli-3.0.22/catocli/Utils/formatter_account_metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Account Metrics Formatter for Cato CLI
+
+This module provides functions to format accountMetrics API responses
+into JSON and CSV formats, with special handling for hierarchical
+timeseries data.
+"""
+
+import csv
+import io
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+# Import shared utility functions
+try:
+    from .formatter_utils import convert_bytes_to_mb, format_timestamp, is_bytes_measure
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from catocli.Utils.formatter_utils import convert_bytes_to_mb, format_timestamp, is_bytes_measure
+    except ImportError:
+        from formatter_utils import convert_bytes_to_mb, format_timestamp, is_bytes_measure
+
+
+def format_account_metrics(response_data: Dict[str, Any], output_format: str = 'json') -> str:
+    """
+    Convert accountMetrics JSON response to specified format (JSON or CSV)
+    
+    Args:
+        response_data: JSON response from accountMetrics query
+        output_format: 'json' or 'csv'
+        
+    Returns:
+        Formatted string in the requested format
+    """
+    if output_format.lower() == 'csv':
+        return _format_account_metrics_to_csv(response_data)
+    else:
+        # Default to JSON format with organized structure
+        return _format_account_metrics_to_json(response_data)
+
+
+def _format_account_metrics_to_json(response_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert accountMetrics JSON response to organized JSON format with hierarchical structure
+    
+    Args:
+        response_data: JSON response from accountMetrics query
+        
+    Returns:
+        JSON formatted string with organized sites, interfaces, and timeseries data
+    """
+    if not response_data or not isinstance(response_data, dict):
+        return json.dumps({"error": "Invalid response data"}, indent=2)
+    
+    # Check for API errors
+    if 'errors' in response_data:
+        return json.dumps(response_data, indent=2)
+    
+    if 'data' not in response_data or 'accountMetrics' not in response_data['data']:
+        return json.dumps({"error": "Invalid accountMetrics response structure"}, indent=2)
+    
+    account_metrics = response_data['data']['accountMetrics']
+    if account_metrics is None:
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(account_metrics, dict):
+        return json.dumps({"error": "Invalid accountMetrics data"}, indent=2)
+    
+    # Start building organized structure
+    organized_data = {
+        "accountMetrics": {
+            "metadata": {
+                "total_sites": 0,
+                "total_users": 0,
+                "total_interfaces": 0,
+                "has_sites": False,
+                "has_users": False,
+                "raw_structure": {
+                    "available_keys": list(account_metrics.keys())
+                }
+            },
+            "sites": [],
+            "users": []
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Extract sites and users, handling None cases
+    sites = account_metrics.get('sites', []) or []  # Handle None case
+    users = account_metrics.get('users', []) or []  # Handle None case
+    
+    # Update metadata
+    organized_data["accountMetrics"]["metadata"]["total_sites"] = len(sites)
+    organized_data["accountMetrics"]["metadata"]["total_users"] = len(users)
+    organized_data["accountMetrics"]["metadata"]["has_sites"] = len(sites) > 0
+    organized_data["accountMetrics"]["metadata"]["has_users"] = len(users) > 0
+    
+    total_interfaces = 0
+    
+    # Process sites if present
+    for site in sites:
+        site_id = site.get('id', '')
+        site_info = site.get('info', {}) or {}  # Handle None case
+        site_name = site_info.get('name', '')
+        interfaces = site.get('interfaces', []) or []  # Handle None case
+        total_interfaces += len(interfaces)
+        
+        site_data = {
+            'site_id': site_id,
+            'site_name': site_name,
+            'site_info': site_info,
+            'total_interfaces': len(interfaces),
+            'interfaces': []
+        }
+        
+        # Process interfaces for this site
+        for interface in interfaces:
+            interface_info = interface.get('interfaceInfo', {}) or {}
+            interface_name = interface_info.get('name', '') or interface.get('name', '')
+            timeseries_list = interface.get('timeseries', []) or []
+            interface_metrics = interface.get('metrics', {}) or {}
+            
+            interface_data = {
+                'interface_name': interface_name,
+                'interface_info': interface_info,
+                'total_timeseries': len(timeseries_list),
+                'interface_metrics': interface_metrics,
+                'timeseries_data': []
+            }
+            
+            # Organize timeseries data by timestamp
+            timestamp_data = {}
+            info_fields = {}
+            
+            for timeseries in timeseries_list:
+                label = timeseries.get('label', '')
+                units = timeseries.get('units', '')
+                data_points = timeseries.get('data', []) or []
+                info = timeseries.get('info', []) or []
+                
+                # Store info fields
+                if info and len(info) >= 2:
+                    info_fields['info_site_id'] = str(info[0]) 
+                    info_fields['info_interface'] = str(info[1])
+                
+                # Process each data point
+                for point in data_points:
+                    if isinstance(point, (list, tuple)) and len(point) >= 2:
+                        timestamp = int(point[0])
+                        value = point[1]
+                        timestamp_str = format_timestamp(timestamp)
+                        
+                        if timestamp_str not in timestamp_data:
+                            timestamp_data[timestamp_str] = {}
+                        
+                        # Convert bytes measures to MB and add appropriate suffix
+                        if is_bytes_measure(label, units) and value:
+                            try:
+                                converted_value = convert_bytes_to_mb(value)
+                                timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                    'value': value,
+                                    'formatted_mb': converted_value,
+                                    'unit_type': 'bytes'
+                                }
+                            except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
+                                timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                    'value': value,
+                                    'unit_type': 'bytes'
+                                }
+                        else:
+                            timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                'value': value,
+                                'unit_type': units or 'unknown'
+                            }
+            
+            # Add timestamp data to interface
+            interface_data['info_fields'] = info_fields
+            interface_data['time_range'] = {
+                'start': min(timestamp_data.keys()) if timestamp_data else None,
+                'end': max(timestamp_data.keys()) if timestamp_data else None,
+                'total_timestamps': len(timestamp_data)
+            }
+            interface_data['metrics_by_timestamp'] = timestamp_data
+            
+            site_data['interfaces'].append(interface_data)
+        
+        organized_data["accountMetrics"]["sites"].append(site_data)
+    
+    # Process users if present
+    for user in users:
+        user_id = user.get('id', '')
+        user_name = user.get('name', '')
+        user_metrics = user.get('metrics', {}) or {}
+        user_interfaces = user.get('interfaces', []) or []
+        
+        user_data = {
+            'user_id': user_id,
+            'user_name': user_name,
+            'user_metrics': user_metrics,
+            'total_interfaces': len(user_interfaces),
+            'interfaces': []
+        }
+        
+        # Process user interfaces if any
+        for interface in user_interfaces:
+            interface_name = interface.get('name', '')
+            timeseries_list = interface.get('timeseries', []) or []
+            interface_metrics = interface.get('metrics', {}) or {}
+            
+            interface_data = {
+                'interface_name': interface_name,
+                'total_timeseries': len(timeseries_list),
+                'interface_metrics': interface_metrics,
+                'timeseries_data': []
+            }
+            
+            # Organize timeseries data by timestamp
+            timestamp_data = {}
+            info_fields = {}
+            
+            for timeseries in timeseries_list:
+                label = timeseries.get('label', '')
+                units = timeseries.get('units', '')
+                data_points = timeseries.get('data', []) or []
+                info = timeseries.get('info', []) or []
+                
+                # Store info fields
+                if info and len(info) >= 2:
+                    info_fields['info_user_id'] = str(info[0])
+                    info_fields['info_interface'] = str(info[1])
+                
+                # Process each data point
+                for point in data_points:
+                    if isinstance(point, (list, tuple)) and len(point) >= 2:
+                        timestamp = int(point[0])
+                        value = point[1]
+                        timestamp_str = format_timestamp(timestamp)
+                        
+                        if timestamp_str not in timestamp_data:
+                            timestamp_data[timestamp_str] = {}
+                        
+                        # Convert bytes measures to MB and add appropriate suffix
+                        if is_bytes_measure(label, units) and value:
+                            try:
+                                converted_value = convert_bytes_to_mb(value)
+                                timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                    'value': value,
+                                    'formatted_mb': converted_value,
+                                    'unit_type': 'bytes'
+                                }
+                            except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
+                                timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                    'value': value,
+                                    'unit_type': 'bytes'
+                                }
+                        else:
+                            timestamp_data[timestamp_str][label] = {
+                                'value': value,
+                                'unit_type': units or 'unknown'
+                            }
+            
+            # Add timestamp data to interface
+            interface_data['info_fields'] = info_fields
+            interface_data['time_range'] = {
+                'start': min(timestamp_data.keys()) if timestamp_data else None,
+                'end': max(timestamp_data.keys()) if timestamp_data else None,
+                'total_timestamps': len(timestamp_data)
+            }
+            interface_data['metrics_by_timestamp'] = timestamp_data
+            
+            user_data['interfaces'].append(interface_data)
+        
+        organized_data["accountMetrics"]["users"].append(user_data)
+    
+    return json.dumps(organized_data, indent=2)
+
+
+def _format_account_metrics_to_csv(response_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert accountMetrics JSON response to CSV format
+    
+    Args:
+        response_data: JSON response from accountMetrics query
+        
+    Returns:
+        CSV formatted string with unique columns for each metric and bytes converted to MB
+    """
+    if not response_data or 'data' not in response_data or 'accountMetrics' not in response_data['data']:
+        return None
+    
+    account_metrics = response_data['data']['accountMetrics']
+    # Handle the case where accountMetrics is None
+    if account_metrics is None:
+        return None
+        
+    sites = account_metrics.get('sites', []) or []  # Handle None case
+    users = account_metrics.get('users', []) or []  # Handle None case
+    
+    # Check if we have any data to process
+    if not sites and not users:
+        # Return None to indicate we should fall back to raw response
+        return None
+    
+    # Define byte metrics that need conversion to MB
+    byte_metrics = {
+        'bytesDownstream', 'bytesTotal', 'bytesUpstream', 
+        'bytesDownstreamMax', 'bytesUpstreamMax'
+    }
+    
+    # First pass: collect all unique metric labels to create columns
+    all_metric_labels = set()
+    for site in sites:
+        interfaces = site.get('interfaces', [])
+        for interface in interfaces:
+            # Collect timeseries labels
+            timeseries_list = interface.get('timeseries', []) or []
+            for timeseries in timeseries_list:
+                metric_label = timeseries.get('label', '')
+                if metric_label in byte_metrics:
+                    all_metric_labels.add(f"{metric_label}_mb")
+                else:
+                    all_metric_labels.add(metric_label)
+            
+            # Collect interface-level metrics (totals)
+            interface_metrics = interface.get('metrics', {})
+            for metric_key in interface_metrics.keys():
+                if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                    # Use consistent naming: {metric}_mb for both timeseries and interface totals
+                    all_metric_labels.add(f'{metric_key}_mb')
+                else:
+                    all_metric_labels.add(f'{metric_key}_total')
+    
+    # Sort metric labels for consistent column ordering
+    sorted_metric_labels = sorted(all_metric_labels)
+    
+    # Group data by timestamp and interface to create one row per timestamp
+    data_by_timestamp = {}
+    
+    for site in sites:
+        site_id = site.get('id', '')
+        site_info = site.get('info', {}) or {}  # Handle None case
+        interfaces = site.get('interfaces', [])
+        
+        for interface in interfaces:
+            interface_info = interface.get('interfaceInfo', {}) or {}
+            interface_name = interface_info.get('name', '') or interface.get('name', '')
+            timeseries_list = interface.get('timeseries', []) or []
+            
+            # Extract interface-level metrics (totals for the entire period)
+            interface_metrics = interface.get('metrics', {})
+            
+            # Process each timeseries for this interface
+            if timeseries_list:
+                for timeseries in timeseries_list:
+                    metric_label = timeseries.get('label', '')
+                    data_points = timeseries.get('data', [])
+                    
+                    # Determine the column name (with _mb suffix for byte metrics)
+                    if metric_label in byte_metrics:
+                        column_name = f"{metric_label}_mb"
+                    else:
+                        column_name = metric_label
+                    
+                    for timestamp, value in data_points:
+                        # Create unique key for each timestamp/interface combination
+                        key = (int(timestamp), interface_name, site_id)
+                        
+                        if key not in data_by_timestamp:
+                            data_by_timestamp[key] = {
+                                'timestamp_period': format_timestamp(int(timestamp)),
+                                'site_id': site_id,
+                                'site_name': site_info.get('name', ''),
+                                'interface_name': interface_name
+                            }
+                            # Initialize all metric columns to empty string
+                            for label in sorted_metric_labels:
+                                data_by_timestamp[key][label] = ''
+                            
+                            # Add interface-level metrics with byte conversion
+                            for metric_key, metric_value in interface_metrics.items():
+                                if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                                    # Convert bytes to MB for these specific metrics
+                                    mb_value = float(metric_value) / (1024 * 1024) if metric_value and metric_value != 0 else 0
+                                    column_name = f'{metric_key}_mb'
+                                    # If timeseries data exists for this metric, don't overwrite it
+                                    if not data_by_timestamp[key][column_name]:
+                                        data_by_timestamp[key][column_name] = f"{mb_value:.3f}".rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                                else:
+                                    # Add other interface metrics as-is
+                                    data_by_timestamp[key][f'{metric_key}_total'] = str(metric_value) if metric_value is not None else ''
+                        
+                        # Convert bytes to MB if it's a byte metric
+                        if metric_label in byte_metrics:
+                            # Convert bytes to MB (divide by 1,048,576 = 1024^2)
+                            mb_value = float(value) / (1024 * 1024) if value != 0 else 0
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][column_name] = f"{mb_value:.3f}".rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                        else:
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][column_name] = str(value)
+            else:
+                # No timeseries data, but we still want to create a row with interface metrics if they exist
+                if interface_metrics:
+                    # Use current time as placeholder timestamp since we have no timeseries data
+                    import time
+                    current_timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000)
+                    key = (current_timestamp, interface_name, site_id)
+                    
+                    data_by_timestamp[key] = {
+                        'timestamp_period': 'No timeseries data',
+                        'site_id': site_id,
+                        'site_name': site_info.get('name', ''),
+                        'interface_name': interface_name
+                    }
+                    # Initialize all metric columns to empty string
+                    for label in sorted_metric_labels:
+                        data_by_timestamp[key][label] = ''
+                    
+                    # Add interface-level metrics with byte conversion
+                    for metric_key, metric_value in interface_metrics.items():
+                        if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                            # Convert bytes to MB for these specific metrics
+                            mb_value = float(metric_value) / (1024 * 1024) if metric_value and metric_value != 0 else 0
+                            column_name = f'{metric_key}_mb'
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][column_name] = f"{mb_value:.3f}".rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                        else:
+                            # Add other interface metrics as-is
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][f'{metric_key}_total'] = str(metric_value) if metric_value is not None else ''
+    
+    # Process user-level data if present
+    for user in users:
+        user_id = user.get('id', '')
+        user_name = user.get('name', '')
+        user_metrics = user.get('metrics', {})
+        user_interfaces = user.get('interfaces', [])
+        
+        # Collect user-level metrics for the metric labels set
+        for metric_key in user_metrics.keys():
+            if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                all_metric_labels.add(f'{metric_key}_mb')
+            else:
+                all_metric_labels.add(metric_key)
+        
+        # Process user interfaces (if any)
+        if user_interfaces:
+            for interface in user_interfaces:
+                interface_name = interface.get('name', '')
+                timeseries_list = interface.get('timeseries', []) or []
+                interface_metrics = interface.get('metrics', {})
+                
+                # Add interface metrics to labels
+                for metric_key in interface_metrics.keys():
+                    if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                        all_metric_labels.add(f'{metric_key}_mb')
+                    else:
+                        all_metric_labels.add(f'{metric_key}_total')
+                
+                # Process timeseries data if available
+                for timeseries in timeseries_list:
+                    metric_label = timeseries.get('label', '')
+                    data_points = timeseries.get('data', [])
+                    
+                    # Add to labels
+                    if metric_label in byte_metrics:
+                        all_metric_labels.add(f"{metric_label}_mb")
+                    else:
+                        all_metric_labels.add(metric_label)
+                    
+                    # Process data points
+                    for timestamp, value in data_points:
+                        key = (int(timestamp), f"user_{user_id}_{interface_name}", user_id)
+                        
+                        if key not in data_by_timestamp:
+                            data_by_timestamp[key] = {
+                                'timestamp_period': format_timestamp(int(timestamp)),
+                                'site_id': user_id,
+                                'site_name': user_name,
+                                'interface_name': f"user_{user_id}_{interface_name}"
+                            }
+                            # Initialize all metric columns
+                            for label in all_metric_labels:
+                                data_by_timestamp[key][label] = ''
+                        
+                        # Add the metric value
+                        if metric_label in byte_metrics:
+                            mb_value = float(value) / (1024 * 1024) if value != 0 else 0
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][f"{metric_label}_mb"] = f"{mb_value:.3f}".rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                        else:
+                            data_by_timestamp[key][metric_label] = str(value)
+        else:
+            # No interfaces, create a row with just user-level metrics
+            import time
+            current_timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000)
+            key = (current_timestamp, f"user_{user_id}", user_id)
+            
+            data_by_timestamp[key] = {
+                'timestamp_period': 'User summary',
+                'site_id': user_id,
+                'site_name': user_name,
+                'interface_name': f"user_{user_id}"
+            }
+            
+            # Re-sort metric labels after adding user metrics
+            sorted_metric_labels = sorted(all_metric_labels)
+            
+            # Initialize all metric columns
+            for label in sorted_metric_labels:
+                data_by_timestamp[key][label] = ''
+            
+            # Add user-level metrics
+            for metric_key, metric_value in user_metrics.items():
+                if metric_key in ['bytesDownstream', 'bytesUpstream', 'bytesTotal']:
+                    mb_value = float(metric_value) / (1024 * 1024) if metric_value and metric_value != 0 else 0
+                    data_by_timestamp[key][f'{metric_key}_mb'] = f"{mb_value:.3f}".rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                else:
+                    data_by_timestamp[key][metric_key] = str(metric_value) if metric_value is not None else ''
+    
+    # Re-sort metric labels after processing all data
+    sorted_metric_labels = sorted(all_metric_labels)
+    
+    # Convert to list and sort by timestamp
+    rows = list(data_by_timestamp.values())
+    rows.sort(key=lambda x: (x['timestamp_period'], x['interface_name'], x['site_id']))
+    
+    if not rows:
+        # Return None to indicate we should fall back to raw response
+        return None
+    
+    # Create CSV output
+    output = io.StringIO()
+    writer = csv.writer(output)
+    
+    # Build header: basic columns first, then metric columns
+    basic_columns = ['timestamp_period', 'site_id', 'site_name', 'interface_name']
+    header = basic_columns + sorted_metric_labels
+    writer.writerow(header)
+    
+    # Write data rows
+    for row_data in rows:
+        row = []
+        for col in header:
+            value = row_data.get(col, '')
+            row.append(value)
+        writer.writerow(row)
+    
+    return output.getvalue()