artifice-secure-io 0.1.0__tar.gz

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/.gitignore

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+# Byte-compiled / packaging artifacts
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*.egg-info/
+.eggs/
+build/
+dist/
+
+# Virtual environments
+.venv/
+venv/
+env/
+
+# Test / lint caches
+.pytest_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.mypy_cache/
+
+# OS / editor
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+.idea/
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+*Zone.Identifier*
+
+# Local secrets — never commit
+.env
+.env.*
+.mcp.json
+
+# Per-machine tool state. `.claude/agents/` and `.claude/commands/` ARE tracked —
+# they define the shared agent fleet. Only the local permission cache is not.
+.claude/settings.local.json
+
+# Cached LLM responses. Keyed by prompt hash, regenerated on demand, and specific
+# to whichever model that machine happens to have pulled.
+apps/*/data/cache/
+
+# Security audit output. THIS REPOSITORY IS PUBLIC. Audit reports name unpatched
+# vulnerabilities and include working reproduction steps; publishing them is
+# publishing an attack guide against anyone already running this software.
+# Findings are tracked publicly in IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md in non-exploitable form.
+# Keep full detail here, local and mode 0600, until the finding is fixed.
+.security/
+
+# Sub-agent task briefs. Working instructions for a single dispatch, superseded
+# as soon as the work lands; the durable record is the commit and
+# IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md, not the brief that prompted it.
+.briefs/
+
+# Pipeline output. Regenerated by any real run, so tracking it means every run
+# dirties the tree and every review carries a large generated JSON diff.
+# `artifice-graph demo` repopulates both from scratch with no LLM required, and
+# FileStore creates its own directories, so a fresh clone is fine without them.
+# Inputs stay tracked: data/input_ocr/ is source text and data/aliases.yaml is
+# configuration, not output.
+apps/*/data/output/
+apps/*/data/obsidian_vault/
+
+# Runtime state. artifice-transcribe defaults its SQLite DB to ./data/
+# (config.py:12), so starting a server from the repo root creates this.
+/data/
+
+# artifice-ocr's PDF-export tests write into a CWD-relative ./output/, so
+# running the suite from the repo root drops artefacts here. Ignored so they
+# cannot be committed by accident. The tests should use tmp_path instead —
+# recorded in IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md rather than fixed alongside unrelated work.
+/output/
+
+# Orchestrator scratch scripts — never committed
+scratch-*.sh

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/LICENSE

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+GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 3, 19 November 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
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+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the specific requirements.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: artifice-secure-io
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: OS-appropriate access controls for secret-bearing files in the Artifice Suite
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite/issues
+Author: Maurice J. Casey
+License-Expression: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: access control,file permissions,local-first,secrets management,windows-security
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Requires-Python: >=3.11
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# secure-io
+
+OS-appropriate access controls for secret-bearing files in the Artifice Suite.
+
+See the main `README.md` for the suite overview.

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# secure-io
+
+OS-appropriate access controls for secret-bearing files in the Artifice Suite.
+
+See the main `README.md` for the suite overview.

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+[project]
+name = "artifice-secure-io"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "OS-appropriate access controls for secret-bearing files in the Artifice Suite"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+license-files = ["LICENSE"]
+dependencies = []
+authors = [
+    {name = "Maurice J. Casey"},
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+]
+keywords = [
+    "file permissions",
+    "secrets management",
+    "access control",
+    "local-first",
+    "windows-security",
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite"
+Repository = "https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite"
+Issues = "https://github.com/Muggwoffin/artifice-suite/issues"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["src/secure_io"]

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/src/secure_io/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Maurice Casey
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+"""Write JSON files with OS-appropriate access controls.
+
+``write_private_json(path, data)`` persists *data* as JSON so that only the
+current user can read the file.
+
+- **POSIX**: uses ``os.open(..., 0o600)``, which creates the file with
+  restricted permissions atomically — the file is never world-readable.
+- **Windows**: creates the file empty, applies an ACL via ``icacls``, verifies
+  the ACL (via ``Get-Acl``, for locale-independent SID comparison), and only
+  then writes the contents.  The file exists empty and unprotected between
+  creation and the ACL call, but no secret is exposed because the file is
+  still empty during that window.
+
+``restrict_to_current_user(path)`` applies the same restriction to an
+**existing** file, which closes the live-defect window for installations that
+already have unprotected files on disk.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def write_private_json(path: Path, data: object) -> None:
+    """Persist *data* as JSON at *path*, restricting access to the current user.
+
+    The secret never touches an unprotected file:
+    - POSIX: mode 0600 is set atomically at creation time via ``os.open(..., 0o600)``.
+    - Windows: the file is created empty, the ACL is applied and verified, and
+      only then are the contents written.
+    """
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        _write_private_json_windows(path, data)
+    else:
+        _write_private_json_posix(path, data)
+
+
+def restrict_to_current_user(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Restrict *path* so that only the current user can read or write it.
+
+    POSIX: ``os.chmod(path, 0o600)``.
+    Windows: strip inherited ACEs and grant the current user's SID read+write.
+    """
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        _restrict_windows(path)
+    else:
+        os.chmod(path, 0o600)
+        if not is_restricted(path):
+            raise PermissionError(
+                f"Failed to restrict permissions on {path}: "
+                f"st_mode is {oct(path.stat().st_mode & 0o777)}"
+            )
+
+
+def is_restricted(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if *path* is readable/writable only by the current user.
+
+    POSIX: checks ``st_mode & 0o777 == 0o600``.
+    Windows: verifies via ``Get-Acl`` (PowerShell) that the ACL grants the
+    current user read+write access, no inherited ACEs are present, and no
+    well-known world-readable SIDs appear.
+    """
+    if not path.exists():
+        return False
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return _is_restricted_windows(path)
+    else:
+        return (path.stat().st_mode & 0o777) == 0o600
+
+
+def ensure_restricted(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Check whether *path* is restricted and repair it if not.
+
+    This is a load-time guard: it warns and continues on failure rather than
+    raising, because a repair failure must never prevent the app from
+    starting.  (A filesystem without permission support, such as exFAT, will
+    hit the repair failure path; the app still loads, the file remains
+    unprotected, and the warning documents the trade-off.)
+
+    If *path* does not exist this is a silent no-op — there is nothing to
+    repair and ``is_restricted`` returns ``False`` for non-existent paths.
+    """
+    import logging
+
+    if not path.exists():
+        return
+    try:
+        if not is_restricted(path):
+            restrict_to_current_user(path)
+    except Exception:
+        logging.warning("Could not restrict permissions on %s — continuing anyway", path)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# POSIX implementation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _write_private_json_posix(path: Path, data: object) -> None:
+    """Write *data* as JSON at *path*, ensuring mode 0600 afterward.
+
+    ``os.open(..., 0o600)`` makes the file private when created; ``os.chmod``
+    afterward tightens an already-existing file that was upgraded from a looser
+    mode (e.g. a file that shipped world-readable in an earlier version).
+    """
+    fd = os.open(path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
+    with os.fdopen(fd, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(data, f, indent=2)
+    os.chmod(path, 0o600)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Windows implementation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _write_private_json_windows(path: Path, data: object) -> None:
+    """Create empty file, apply ACL, verify, then write.
+
+    The file exists empty and unprotected between its creation and the ACL
+    application — no secret is exposed during that window because the file is
+    still empty.
+    """
+    # Create an empty file first.
+    fd = os.open(path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC | os.O_WRONLY)
+    os.close(fd)
+    try:
+        _restrict_windows(path)
+    except Exception:
+        # If we cannot protect the file, remove the empty file we created
+        # and fail loudly.  Silently writing a plaintext secret is exactly
+        # the bug being fixed here, so a hard failure is the intended
+        # trade-off.  (A filesystem without ACL support, such as exFAT,
+        # will hit this.)
+        with suppress(OSError):
+            path.unlink()
+        raise
+    _write_json(path, data)
+
+
+def _restrict_windows(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Apply a restrictive ACL to *path* on Windows.
+
+    Uses ``icacls`` (ships with Windows) to strip inherited ACEs and grant
+    the current user read+write access.  The user is addressed by SID, not
+    username, so the ACL works on non-English Windows installs.
+    """
+    sid = _get_current_user_sid()
+    _run_icacls(
+        path,
+        [
+            "/inheritance:r",
+            "/grant:r",
+            f"*{sid}:(R,W)",
+        ],
+    )
+    # Verify the ACL took effect before returning.
+    ok, reason = _windows_acl_verdict(path)
+    if not ok:
+        raise PermissionError(
+            f"Failed to verify ACL on {path} — the file may still be unprotected. {reason}"
+        )
+
+
+# Well-known security principals whose presence in an ACL means the file is
+# effectively world-readable.  These are matched by SID using the canonical
+# form returned by ``Get-Acl``, which is locale-independent and always emits
+# full SID strings (``icacls /save`` emits two-letter SDDL aliases like
+# ``WD`` for Everyone, so matching SID strings against its output silently
+# passes world-readable files — the same class of defect as matching
+# localised display names).
+_WORLD_READABLE_SIDS = frozenset(
+    {
+        "S-1-1-0",  # Everyone
+        "S-1-5-32-545",  # BUILTIN\Users
+        "S-1-5-11",  # NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users
+        "S-1-5-32-546",  # BUILTIN\Guests
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _run_powershell(cmd: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    """Run *cmd* under Windows PowerShell, falling back to PowerShell 7.
+
+    Three environment defences, each covering a different observed or
+    plausible reason a bare ``powershell -Command`` fails to reach ``Get-Acl``:
+
+    - **-ExecutionPolicy Bypass** — under Restricted / AllSigned, loading the
+      Microsoft.PowerShell.Security module is refused.  Execution policy
+      guards untrusted *script files* and is documented by Microsoft as not a
+      security boundary; the scope here is one inline command in one child
+      process, so this does not weaken the ACL check.
+    - **PSModulePath stripped** — the variable is inherited from the parent
+      process, and a value aimed at a different PowerShell edition (as CI
+      runners set) leaves Windows PowerShell unable to find its own bundled
+      modules.  Removing it lets PowerShell rebuild its default.
+    - **pwsh fallback** — if Windows PowerShell is absent or broken,
+      PowerShell 7 runs the identical command.
+
+    ``-NonInteractive`` guarantees no prompt can block the call.
+
+    Raises the last ``FileNotFoundError`` / ``CalledProcessError`` if every
+    candidate fails, so the caller can still report *why*.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env.pop("PSModulePath", None)
+
+    last_exc: Exception | None = None
+    for exe in ("powershell", "pwsh"):
+        try:
+            return subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    exe,
+                    "-NoProfile",
+                    "-NonInteractive",
+                    "-ExecutionPolicy",
+                    "Bypass",
+                    "-Command",
+                    cmd,
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True,
+                env=env,
+            )
+        except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError) as exc:
+            last_exc = exc
+    raise last_exc  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+def _get_acl_via_powershell(path: Path) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+    """Return parsed ACE entries for *path* from ``Get-Acl`` via PowerShell.
+
+    Each returned dict has the keys ``sid`` (str), ``rights`` (comma-separated
+    str, e.g. ``"Read, Synchronize"``), ``is_inherited`` (bool), and
+    ``access_type`` (``"Allow"`` or ``"Deny"``).
+
+    ``Get-Acl`` returns canonical SIDs and exposes ``IsInherited`` directly,
+    avoiding both the localised-display-name problem and the SDDL-alias
+    problem that ``icacls`` and ``icacls /save`` suffer from respectively.
+    """
+    # Pipe-separated fields, one line per ACE.
+    #
+    # Two things here are load-bearing and were each got wrong once:
+    #
+    # 1. This must NOT be an f-string.  PowerShell's -f operator uses the same
+    #    {0}{1} placeholder syntax as Python's str.format, so an f-string
+    #    consumes them and the format string collapses to the constant
+    #    "0|1|2|3" — every ACE then reports identical junk and verification
+    #    rejects a correctly restricted file.
+    # 2. IdentityReference.Value returns an NTAccount *display name*
+    #    ("BUILTIN\\Administrators"), which is localised — the very bug this
+    #    function exists to avoid.  .Translate(SecurityIdentifier) is what
+    #    yields the canonical SID ("S-1-5-32-544").  Translate() throws for
+    #    an unresolvable account, so it is guarded; such an ACE is reported
+    #    with its raw value and simply will not match a well-known SID.
+    #
+    # -LiteralPath avoids glob interpretation; embedded single quotes are
+    # doubled, which is PowerShell's escape inside a single-quoted string.
+    ps_path = str(path).replace("'", "''")
+    cmd = (
+        # Load Get-Acl's module explicitly rather than relying on autoload.
+        # On the GitHub windows-latest runner autoload fails outright —
+        # "the module could not be loaded" — and Get-Acl then exits 1, which
+        # made every ACL verification fail and stopped the apps saving
+        # settings at all.  An explicit Import-Module is not redundant with
+        # -ExecutionPolicy below: they address different causes (a blocked
+        # load versus a PSModulePath that does not reach the module), and
+        # only together do they cover both.  SilentlyContinue because a
+        # session that already has the module loaded is fine.
+        "Import-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Security -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue; "
+        "Get-Acl -LiteralPath '" + ps_path + "' | "
+        "Select-Object -ExpandProperty Access | ForEach-Object { "
+        "$id = $_.IdentityReference; "
+        "try { $sid = $id.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value } "
+        "catch { $sid = $id.Value }; "
+        "'{0}|{1}|{2}|{3}' -f $sid, $_.FileSystemRights, $_.IsInherited, $_.AccessControlType }"
+    )
+    result = _run_powershell(cmd)
+    entries: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+    for line in result.stdout.strip().splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        parts = line.split("|")
+        if len(parts) < 3:
+            continue
+        entries.append(
+            {
+                "sid": parts[0],
+                "rights": parts[1],
+                "is_inherited": parts[2] == "True",
+                "access_type": parts[3] if len(parts) > 3 else "Allow",
+            }
+        )
+    return entries
+
+
+def _is_restricted_windows(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Check the ACL on *path* using ``Get-Acl`` via PowerShell.
+
+    Returns ``True`` when:
+    - No inherited ACEs are present (``IsInherited`` is ``False`` for every entry).
+    - No well-known world-readable SID (Everyone, Users,
+      Authenticated Users, Guests) has a non-Deny ACE that includes Read access.
+    - At least one explicit Allow ACE grants Read+Write or FullControl.
+
+    ``Get-Acl`` returns canonical SIDs (locale-independent) and exposes
+    ``IsInherited`` directly, avoiding both the SDDL-alias problem (where
+    ``icacls /save`` encodes ``Everyone`` as ``WD`` rather than ``S-1-1-0``)
+    and the localised-display-name problem (where ``icacls`` displays
+    ``Jeder`` on German, ``Tout le monde`` on French).
+
+    Additional explicit ACEs for SYSTEM and Administrators are tolerated
+    because on Administrator accounts Windows retains them even after
+    ``/inheritance:r``, and those principals already have full machine access.
+    """
+    return _windows_acl_verdict(path)[0]
+
+
+def _format_ace(entry: dict[str, object]) -> str:
+    """Render one ACE compactly for a diagnostic message."""
+    inherited = " inherited" if entry["is_inherited"] else ""
+    return f"[{entry['access_type']} {entry['sid']} ({entry['rights']}){inherited}]"
+
+
+def _windows_acl_verdict(path: Path) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Return ``(is_restricted, reason)`` for *path*'s ACL on Windows.
+
+    The reason is what makes a failure actionable.  A verification that can
+    only say "no" is indistinguishable from one that could not read the ACL
+    at all, and the caller turns both into a hard failure that stops the app
+    saving settings — so the two cases must be told apart in the message.
+    """
+    try:
+        entries = _get_acl_via_powershell(path)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False, "could not run powershell (not found on PATH)."
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+        stderr = (exc.stderr or "").strip().replace("\n", " ")[:300]
+        return False, f"Get-Acl failed (exit {exc.returncode}): {stderr}"
+
+    if not entries:
+        return False, "Get-Acl returned no ACEs."
+
+    seen = " ".join(_format_ace(e) for e in entries)
+
+    has_explicit_allow_rw = False
+    for entry in entries:
+        sid = entry["sid"]
+        rights = str(entry["rights"])
+        is_inherited = bool(entry["is_inherited"])
+        access_type = str(entry["access_type"])
+
+        # Inherited ACEs must not be present — we strip them in _restrict_windows.
+        if is_inherited:
+            return False, f"inherited ACE survived /inheritance:r. ACEs: {seen}"
+
+        if access_type == "Deny":
+            continue
+
+        # Reject if a world-readable SID has any Read access.
+        if sid in _WORLD_READABLE_SIDS and "Read" in rights:
+            return False, f"world-readable SID {sid} has Read. ACEs: {seen}"
+
+        # At least one Allow ACE must grant Read+Write (or FullControl).
+        if "FullControl" in rights or ("Read" in rights and "Write" in rights):
+            has_explicit_allow_rw = True
+
+    if not has_explicit_allow_rw:
+        return False, f"no Allow ACE grants Read+Write. ACEs: {seen}"
+
+    return True, "ok"
+
+
+def _get_current_user_sid() -> str:
+    """Return the current user's SID string (``S-1-5-...``).
+
+    Uses ``whoami /user``, which is built into every supported Windows version.
+    """
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["whoami", "/user", "/fo", "csv", "/nh"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    # Output format:  "DOMAIN\\username","S-1-5-21-..."
+    parts = result.stdout.strip().rsplit(",", 1)
+    if len(parts) < 2:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected whoami output: {result.stdout!r}")
+    sid = parts[-1].strip().strip('"')
+    if not sid.startswith("S-1-"):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected SID format from whoami: {sid!r}")
+    return sid
+
+
+def _run_icacls(path: Path, args: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Run ``icacls`` with *args* and raise on failure."""
+    subprocess.run(
+        ["icacls", str(path)] + args,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+
+def _write_json(path: Path, data: object) -> None:
+    """Write *data* as JSON to *path* (no permission handling)."""
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/tests/test_check_ruff_baseline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Maurice Casey
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from importlib.util import module_from_spec, spec_from_file_location
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SCRIPT_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3] / "scripts" / "check-ruff-baseline.py"
+SPEC = spec_from_file_location("check_ruff_baseline", SCRIPT_PATH)
+assert SPEC is not None
+assert SPEC.loader is not None
+MODULE = module_from_spec(SPEC)
+SPEC.loader.exec_module(MODULE)
+
+
+def test_counts_normalises_repo_absolute_paths() -> None:
+    repo_file = MODULE.REPO_ROOT / "apps" / "artifice-draft" / "src" / "artifice_draft" / "cli.py"
+
+    counts = MODULE._counts(
+        [
+            {"filename": str(repo_file), "code": "E501"},
+            {"filename": str(repo_file), "code": "E501"},
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert counts == {"apps/artifice-draft/src/artifice_draft/cli.py|E501": 2}
+
+
+def test_counts_preserves_relative_paths() -> None:
+    counts = MODULE._counts(
+        [{"filename": "packages/shared-ui/tests/test_tokens.py", "code": "F401"}]
+    )
+
+    assert counts == {"packages/shared-ui/tests/test_tokens.py|F401": 1}

artifice_secure_io-0.1.0/tests/test_secure_io.py

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Maurice Casey
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+"""Tests for ``secure_io``."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from secure_io import is_restricted, restrict_to_current_user, write_private_json
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# write_private_json
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestWritePrivateJson:
+    """Correctness and permission tests for ``write_private_json``."""
+
+    def test_writes_valid_json(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The file must contain the JSON we supplied."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"api_key": "sk-test-123", "output_dir": "/tmp"})
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert data == {"api_key": "sk-test-123", "output_dir": "/tmp"}
+
+    def test_overwrites_existing_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A second call must replace the file, not append."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"api_key": "first"})
+        write_private_json(path, {"api_key": "second"})
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert data == {"api_key": "second"}
+
+    def test_creates_restricted_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """After ``write_private_json``, ``is_restricted`` must be True."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"api_key": "sk-test-123"})
+        # On GitHub Actions Windows runners the Administrator account retains
+        # implicit SYSTEM / Administrators ACEs that icacls /inheritance:r
+        # cannot fully strip.  _is_restricted_windows tolerates extra explicit
+        # ACEs, but skip as a safety net in case a future Windows update
+        # changes icacls behaviour.
+        if os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true" and os.name == "nt":
+            pytest.skip("GitHub Actions Windows runner retains implicit admin ACEs")
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+
+    def test_non_dict_data(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Lists and scalars must also be written correctly."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        write_private_json(path, [1, 2, 3])
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert data == [1, 2, 3]
+
+    def test_new_file_has_exact_mode_0600(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """On POSIX, a newly created file must have exactly mode 0600."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        assert (path.stat().st_mode & 0o777) == 0o600
+
+    def test_overwrite_tightens_existing_world_readable_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Overwriting a world-readable (mode 0644) file with ``write_private_json``
+        must tighten it to mode 0600, not leave the looser permissions in place."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.json"
+        path.write_text('{"original": true}', encoding="utf-8")
+        path.chmod(0o644)
+        write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        assert (path.stat().st_mode & 0o777) == 0o600
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# restrict_to_current_user
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRestrictToCurrentUser:
+    """``restrict_to_current_user`` must secure an already-existing file."""
+
+    def test_restricts_unprotected_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A file created with default permissions (0o644) must become restricted."""
+        path = tmp_path / "unprotected.json"
+        path.write_text('{"x": 1}', encoding="utf-8")
+        # Default permissions are typically 0o644 (umask-dependent).
+        # We explicitly set world-readable to simulate the Windows case
+        # where mode bits are ineffective.
+        os.chmod(path, 0o644)
+        assert not is_restricted(path)
+        restrict_to_current_user(path)
+        # On GitHub Actions Windows runners the Administrator account retains
+        # implicit SYSTEM / Administrators ACEs that icacls /inheritance:r
+        # cannot fully strip.  See test_creates_restricted_file above.
+        if os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true" and os.name == "nt":
+            pytest.skip("GitHub Actions Windows runner retains implicit admin ACEs")
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+
+    def test_already_restricted_file_stays_restricted(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Calling ``restrict_to_current_user`` on an already-restricted file
+        must be idempotent."""
+        path = tmp_path / "restricted.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        # See test_creates_restricted_file for the CI skip rationale.
+        if os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true" and os.name == "nt":
+            pytest.skip("GitHub Actions Windows runner retains implicit admin ACEs")
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+        restrict_to_current_user(path)
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+
+    def test_raises_on_nonexistent_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Restricting a file that does not exist must raise."""
+        path = tmp_path / "nonexistent.json"
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            restrict_to_current_user(path)
+
+    def test_preserves_file_contents(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Restricting an existing file must not alter its data."""
+        path = tmp_path / "preserve.json"
+        content = {"api_key": "sk-secret-value"}
+        path.write_text(json.dumps(content, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
+        restrict_to_current_user(path)
+        data = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert data == content
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# is_restricted
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestIsRestricted:
+    """``is_restricted`` reports whether a file is properly secured."""
+
+    def test_returns_false_for_nonexistent_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A path that doesn't exist is not restricted."""
+        assert not is_restricted(tmp_path / "nonexistent.json")
+
+    def test_returns_false_for_world_readable(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A file with mode 0644 is not restricted."""
+        path = tmp_path / "world_readable.json"
+        path.write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        os.chmod(path, 0o644)
+        assert not is_restricted(path)
+
+    def test_returns_true_for_restricted(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A file written with ``write_private_json`` must be restricted."""
+        path = tmp_path / "restricted.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        # See TestWritePrivateJson.test_creates_restricted_file for rationale.
+        if os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true" and os.name == "nt":
+            pytest.skip("GitHub Actions Windows runner retains implicit admin ACEs")
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+
+    def test_group_readable_is_not_restricted(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Mode 0640 (owner rw, group r) is still restricted from 'other' but
+        not restricted to owner-only, so ``is_restricted`` must return False."""
+        path = tmp_path / "group_readable.json"
+        path.write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+        os.chmod(path, 0o640)
+        assert not is_restricted(path)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="Windows ACL test")
+    def test_everyone_by_sid_is_not_restricted(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A file restricted then exposed to Everyone by SID must not pass
+        as restricted.
+
+        This catches the regression where ``_is_restricted_windows`` used
+        ``icacls /save`` to read the SDDL, but SDDL encodes well-known SIDs
+        as two-letter aliases (``WD`` for Everyone) rather than full
+        ``S-1-1-0`` strings, so the ``_WORLD_READABLE_SIDS`` check silently
+        passed world-readable files.
+
+        Uses ``icacls /grant *S-1-1-0:(R)`` which grants Everyone read access
+        by SID.  ``Get-Acl`` (the replacement mechanism) returns the canonical
+        ``S-1-1-0`` form, which must match ``_WORLD_READABLE_SIDS``.
+        """
+        path = tmp_path / "exposed.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"key": "val"})
+        # Verify it starts restricted.
+        assert is_restricted(path)
+        # Grant Everyone read access by SID — this is the exact operation
+        # that the old icacls /save SDDL-parsing missed.
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["icacls", str(path), "/grant", "*S-1-1-0:(R)"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        # Must now be NOT restricted — Everyone has Read.
+        assert not is_restricted(path)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Platform dispatch
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestPlatformDispatch:
+    """The public API must dispatch to the correct platform implementation."""
+
+    def test_posix_path_uses_open_with_mode(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Under ``sys.platform != 'win32'``, ``write_private_json`` must use
+        ``os.open(..., 0o600)``, verified here by checking the resulting
+        ``st_mode``."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("secure_io.sys.platform", "linux")
+        path = tmp_path / "posix.json"
+        write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        assert (path.stat().st_mode & 0o777) == 0o600
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "posix", reason="icacls is Windows-only")
+    def test_windows_path_raises_on_posix_when_icacls_missing(
+        self, monkeypatch, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """Monkey-patching ``sys.platform`` to ``"win32"`` on a POSIX system
+        must raise because ``icacls`` does not exist.  The error must not
+        leave an empty file behind."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("secure_io.sys.platform", "win32")
+        path = tmp_path / "win32.json"
+        # _restrict_windows calls whoami first, not icacls; both are missing
+        # on POSIX, and either way the raised exception should clean up.
+        with pytest.raises((FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError)):  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+            write_private_json(path, {"x": 1})
+        # The empty file created before ACL application must have been removed.
+        assert not path.exists()