OpenSimula 0.8.6__tar.gz → 0.8.8__tar.gz

opensimula-0.8.8/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: opensimula
+Version: 0.8.8
+Summary: Component-based time simulation environment in Python
+Author-email: "Juan F. Coronel" <jfc@us.es>
+Requires-Python: >=3.12
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: anywidget>=0.11.0
+Requires-Dist: jsonschema>=4.26.0
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.10.0
+Requires-Dist: nbformat>=5.10.4
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=2.3.3
+Requires-Dist: openpyxl>=3.1.5
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=2.3.2
+Requires-Dist: plotly>=6.3.0
+Requires-Dist: psychrolib>=2.5.0
+Requires-Dist: scipy>=1.16.2
+Requires-Dist: shapely>=2.1.1
+Requires-Dist: tqdm>=4.67.1
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+![Logo](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/img/logo_opensimula.png)
+
+# OpenSimula
+
+[![Tests](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/actions/workflows/tests.yml)
+[![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/opensimula)](https://pypi.org/project/opensimula/)
+[![Python versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/opensimula)](https://pypi.org/project/opensimula/)
+[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.23210985.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+
+**OpenSimula** is a component-based time simulation environment in Python, focused on the
+thermal and energy simulation of buildings and their HVAC installations — though it can be
+used to simulate any system whose state evolves over time. It implements the [ASHRAE
+140](https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/method-of-test-for-the-evaluation-of-building-energy-analysis-computer-programs)
+standard test suite to validate its building load and HVAC calculations.
+
+[**Documentation**](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/) · [Getting started](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/getting_started/) · [User guide](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/user_guide/) · [Component list](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/component_list/)
+
+## What it does
+
+A project is built from **components** — spaces, walls, windows, constructions, schedules,
+HVAC equipment, weather files — wired together and simulated hour by hour (or at any other
+time step). OpenSimula takes care of:
+
+- **Building thermal simulation**: multi-space heat balance, constructions with thermal mass,
+  windows and solar gains, ground-coupled surfaces, internal gains and schedules.
+- **HVAC systems**: from an ideal loads system (`HVAC_perfect_system`) to direct-expansion and
+  water-based single- and multi-zone systems, coils, fans, pumps, chillers and heat pumps.
+- **Solar geometry and shadows**: direct and diffuse shadow calculations between the surfaces
+  of a project, with an interactive 3D [Plotly](https://plotly.com/python/) view — including
+  an animated view of shadows changing throughout the day.
+- **Everything else a simulation needs**: psychrometrics (via
+  [PsychroLib](https://github.com/psychrometrics/psychrolib)), day/week/year schedules,
+  arbitrary math expressions as inputs, and reading weather data (TMY3, MET) or generic data
+  files (CSV, Excel).
+- **Validation against ASHRAE 140**: the `ASHRAE_140/` folder in this repository reproduces
+  the standard's load, heating, cooling, air-side HVAC and weather test cases as runnable
+  notebooks, comparing OpenSimula's results against the reference values.
+
+Projects can be defined as plain Python dictionaries, JSON or Excel files, and results come
+back as component `Variable` time series or pandas `DataFrame`s, ready to plot or export.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install opensimula
+```
+
+Requires Python 3.12 or later.
+
+## Quick example
+
+```python
+import opensimula as osm
+
+project_dict = {
+    "name": "First example",
+    "time_step": 3600,
+    "n_time_steps": 24 * 7,
+    "initial_time": "01/01/2001 00:00:00",
+    "components": [
+        {
+            "type": "Day_schedule",
+            "name": "working_day",
+            "time_steps": [8 * 3600, 5 * 3600, 2 * 3600, 4 * 3600],
+            "values": [0, 100, 0, 80, 0],
+            "interpolation": "STEP",
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "Day_schedule",
+            "name": "holiday_day",
+            "time_steps": [],
+            "values": [0],
+            "interpolation": "STEP",
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "Week_schedule",
+            "name": "office_week",
+            "days_schedules": ["working_day"] * 5 + ["holiday_day"] * 2,
+        },
+    ],
+}
+
+sim = osm.Simulation()
+pro = sim.new_project("First example")
+pro.read_dict(project_dict)
+pro.simulate()
+
+sim.plot(pro.dates(), [pro.component("office_week").variable("values")])
+```
+
+This is deliberately minimal — the [Getting started](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/getting_started/)
+guide walks through a full building, and the `jupyter_test/` and `ASHRAE_140/` folders in
+this repository contain complete, runnable building and HVAC examples.
+
+## Working in Jupyter
+
+OpenSimula ships an interactive project editor as a [Jupyter
+widget](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/user_guide/#project-editor) (`pro.editor()`),
+built on [anywidget](https://anywidget.dev/) so it works the same in Jupyter, JupyterLab, VS
+Code notebooks and Marimo. It shows every component's parameters as a form generated from
+each component's own schema, together with an interactive 3D view of the building.
+
+![Project editor example](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/img/editor_3d.png)
+
+## Component types
+
+Components are grouped by what they define:
+
+- **Building**: `Building`, `Space_type`, `Space`, `Building_surface`, `Opening`, `Solar_surface`.
+- **Constructions**: `Material`, `Construction`, `Glazing`, `Frame`, `Opening_type`.
+- **HVAC (air side)**: `HVAC_perfect_system`, `DX_unit`, `HVAC_DX_system`, `Water_coil`, `Fan`, `HVAC_SZW_system`, `HVAC_MZW_system`.
+- **HVAC (water side)**: `Pump`, `Chiller_heat_pump`, `HVAC_water_system`.
+- **Schedules**: `Day_schedule`, `Week_schedule`, `Year_schedule`.
+- **Files**: `File_met`, `File_data`.
+- **Utilities**: `Calculator`.
+
+See the [Component list](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/component_list/) for every
+parameter and variable of each one.
+
+## Package dependencies
+
+- numpy
+- pandas
+- scipy
+- shapely
+- psychrolib
+- plotly
+- matplotlib
+- anywidget
+- jsonschema
+- nbformat
+- openpyxl
+- tqdm
+
+These are installed automatically with `pip install opensimula`.
+
+## Documentation and support
+
+Full documentation, including the getting started guide, user guide and component
+reference, is at [jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/).
+Bugs and feature requests are tracked on
+[GitHub Issues](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/issues).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome: bug reports, fixes, new components, validation cases and examples.
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for how to set up a development environment, run the
+tests and submit a pull request.
+
+## Citing OpenSimula
+
+If you use OpenSimula in your research, please cite it with its DOI,
+[10.5281/zenodo.23210985](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985), which always resolves to
+the latest version (each version also has its own DOI, listed on
+[Zenodo](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985)). The full metadata is in
+[CITATION.cff](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/blob/main/CITATION.cff) (GitHub's "Cite this repository" button generates APA and BibTeX
+entries from it).
+
+## Main Developers
+
+* [Juan F. Coronel](http://jfc.us.es), Universidad de Sevilla
+
+## License
+
+OpenSimula is released under the [MIT License](LICENSE).

opensimula-0.8.8/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+![Logo](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/img/logo_opensimula.png)
+
+# OpenSimula
+
+[![Tests](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/actions/workflows/tests.yml)
+[![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/opensimula)](https://pypi.org/project/opensimula/)
+[![Python versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/opensimula)](https://pypi.org/project/opensimula/)
+[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.23210985.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
+
+**OpenSimula** is a component-based time simulation environment in Python, focused on the
+thermal and energy simulation of buildings and their HVAC installations — though it can be
+used to simulate any system whose state evolves over time. It implements the [ASHRAE
+140](https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/method-of-test-for-the-evaluation-of-building-energy-analysis-computer-programs)
+standard test suite to validate its building load and HVAC calculations.
+
+[**Documentation**](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/) · [Getting started](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/getting_started/) · [User guide](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/user_guide/) · [Component list](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/component_list/)
+
+## What it does
+
+A project is built from **components** — spaces, walls, windows, constructions, schedules,
+HVAC equipment, weather files — wired together and simulated hour by hour (or at any other
+time step). OpenSimula takes care of:
+
+- **Building thermal simulation**: multi-space heat balance, constructions with thermal mass,
+  windows and solar gains, ground-coupled surfaces, internal gains and schedules.
+- **HVAC systems**: from an ideal loads system (`HVAC_perfect_system`) to direct-expansion and
+  water-based single- and multi-zone systems, coils, fans, pumps, chillers and heat pumps.
+- **Solar geometry and shadows**: direct and diffuse shadow calculations between the surfaces
+  of a project, with an interactive 3D [Plotly](https://plotly.com/python/) view — including
+  an animated view of shadows changing throughout the day.
+- **Everything else a simulation needs**: psychrometrics (via
+  [PsychroLib](https://github.com/psychrometrics/psychrolib)), day/week/year schedules,
+  arbitrary math expressions as inputs, and reading weather data (TMY3, MET) or generic data
+  files (CSV, Excel).
+- **Validation against ASHRAE 140**: the `ASHRAE_140/` folder in this repository reproduces
+  the standard's load, heating, cooling, air-side HVAC and weather test cases as runnable
+  notebooks, comparing OpenSimula's results against the reference values.
+
+Projects can be defined as plain Python dictionaries, JSON or Excel files, and results come
+back as component `Variable` time series or pandas `DataFrame`s, ready to plot or export.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install opensimula
+```
+
+Requires Python 3.12 or later.
+
+## Quick example
+
+```python
+import opensimula as osm
+
+project_dict = {
+    "name": "First example",
+    "time_step": 3600,
+    "n_time_steps": 24 * 7,
+    "initial_time": "01/01/2001 00:00:00",
+    "components": [
+        {
+            "type": "Day_schedule",
+            "name": "working_day",
+            "time_steps": [8 * 3600, 5 * 3600, 2 * 3600, 4 * 3600],
+            "values": [0, 100, 0, 80, 0],
+            "interpolation": "STEP",
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "Day_schedule",
+            "name": "holiday_day",
+            "time_steps": [],
+            "values": [0],
+            "interpolation": "STEP",
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "Week_schedule",
+            "name": "office_week",
+            "days_schedules": ["working_day"] * 5 + ["holiday_day"] * 2,
+        },
+    ],
+}
+
+sim = osm.Simulation()
+pro = sim.new_project("First example")
+pro.read_dict(project_dict)
+pro.simulate()
+
+sim.plot(pro.dates(), [pro.component("office_week").variable("values")])
+```
+
+This is deliberately minimal — the [Getting started](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/getting_started/)
+guide walks through a full building, and the `jupyter_test/` and `ASHRAE_140/` folders in
+this repository contain complete, runnable building and HVAC examples.
+
+## Working in Jupyter
+
+OpenSimula ships an interactive project editor as a [Jupyter
+widget](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/user_guide/#project-editor) (`pro.editor()`),
+built on [anywidget](https://anywidget.dev/) so it works the same in Jupyter, JupyterLab, VS
+Code notebooks and Marimo. It shows every component's parameters as a form generated from
+each component's own schema, together with an interactive 3D view of the building.
+
+![Project editor example](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/img/editor_3d.png)
+
+## Component types
+
+Components are grouped by what they define:
+
+- **Building**: `Building`, `Space_type`, `Space`, `Building_surface`, `Opening`, `Solar_surface`.
+- **Constructions**: `Material`, `Construction`, `Glazing`, `Frame`, `Opening_type`.
+- **HVAC (air side)**: `HVAC_perfect_system`, `DX_unit`, `HVAC_DX_system`, `Water_coil`, `Fan`, `HVAC_SZW_system`, `HVAC_MZW_system`.
+- **HVAC (water side)**: `Pump`, `Chiller_heat_pump`, `HVAC_water_system`.
+- **Schedules**: `Day_schedule`, `Week_schedule`, `Year_schedule`.
+- **Files**: `File_met`, `File_data`.
+- **Utilities**: `Calculator`.
+
+See the [Component list](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/component_list/) for every
+parameter and variable of each one.
+
+## Package dependencies
+
+- numpy
+- pandas
+- scipy
+- shapely
+- psychrolib
+- plotly
+- matplotlib
+- anywidget
+- jsonschema
+- nbformat
+- openpyxl
+- tqdm
+
+These are installed automatically with `pip install opensimula`.
+
+## Documentation and support
+
+Full documentation, including the getting started guide, user guide and component
+reference, is at [jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula](https://jfcoronel.github.io/OpenSimula/).
+Bugs and feature requests are tracked on
+[GitHub Issues](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/issues).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome: bug reports, fixes, new components, validation cases and examples.
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for how to set up a development environment, run the
+tests and submit a pull request.
+
+## Citing OpenSimula
+
+If you use OpenSimula in your research, please cite it with its DOI,
+[10.5281/zenodo.23210985](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985), which always resolves to
+the latest version (each version also has its own DOI, listed on
+[Zenodo](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23210985)). The full metadata is in
+[CITATION.cff](https://github.com/jfCoronel/OpenSimula/blob/main/CITATION.cff) (GitHub's "Cite this repository" button generates APA and BibTeX
+entries from it).
+
+## Main Developers
+
+* [Juan F. Coronel](http://jfc.us.es), Universidad de Sevilla
+
+## License
+
+OpenSimula is released under the [MIT License](LICENSE).

{opensimula-0.8.6 → opensimula-0.8.8}/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "opensimula"
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.8.8"
 requires-python = ">=3.12"
 authors = [
   { name="Juan F. Coronel", email="jfc@us.es" },
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 dependencies = [
     "anywidget>=0.11.0",
     "jsonschema>=4.26.0",
+    "matplotlib>=3.10.0",
     "nbformat>=5.10.4",
     "numpy>=2.3.3",
     "openpyxl>=3.1.5",
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ dependencies = [
     "scipy>=1.16.2",
     "shapely>=2.1.1",
     "tqdm>=4.67.1",
-    "vedo>=2025.5.4",
 ]
 
 [dependency-groups]

opensimula-0.8.8/src/opensimula/Iterative_process.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import math
+
+class Iterative_process:
+    def __init__(self, x_0, tol = 1e-5, lambda_min=0.1, lambda_max=1.0, n_ini_relax=2,rel_vel = 0.9):
+        """
+        Iterative process using the fixed-point method with adaptive relaxation coefficient
+    
+        Parameters:
+        x_0: Initial value
+        tol: convergence tolerance
+        lambda_min, lambda_max: relaxation coefficient range
+        n_ini_relax: Number of iterations in which adaptive relaxation is initiated, must be greater than 1
+        """
+        self.x = [x_0]
+        self.tol = tol
+        self.lambda_min = lambda_min
+        self.lambda_max = lambda_max
+        self.lambda_i = lambda_max
+        self.n_ini_relax = n_ini_relax
+        self.rel_vel = rel_vel
+        self.residual = None  # |proposed_x - x| of the last iteration
+
+    def converged(self):
+        # Fixed-point residual, not the relaxed step: with relaxation lambda the step is only
+        # lambda * residual, so testing the step stopped with residuals up to tol / lambda_min
+        # (10 x tol), e.g. zones far from their moisture balance in steady state
+        return self.residual is not None and self.residual < self.tol
+
+    def estimate_next_x(self, proposed_x):
+        residual = proposed_x - self.x[-1]
+        x_next = (1 - self.lambda_i) * self.x[-1] + self.lambda_i * proposed_x
+
+        # Adaptive relaxation: reduce lambda when the iteration oscillates (the residual
+        # changes sign) or does not contract (the residual grows), and recover it while it
+        # contracts; reducing it unconditionally made well-behaved iterations crawl
+        # (lambda_min after ~10 iterations)
+        if len(self.x) > self.n_ini_relax and self.residual is not None:
+            if residual * self._last_residual < 0 or abs(residual) > self.residual:
+                self.lambda_i = max(self.lambda_min, self.lambda_i * self.rel_vel)
+            else:
+                self.lambda_i = min(self.lambda_max, self.lambda_i / self.rel_vel)
+        self._last_residual = residual
+        self.residual = abs(residual)
+
+        self.x.append(x_next)
+        return x_next
+    
+    def set_next_x(self, next_x):
+        self.x.append(next_x)
+

{opensimula-0.8.6 → opensimula-0.8.8}/src/opensimula/Project.py

@@ -677,23 +677,30 @@ class Project(Parameter_container):
         self.create_3D_environment(env_3D)
         return env_3D.geometry_dict()
 
-    def show_3D(self, jupyter=False):
+    def show_3D(self):
         env_3D = Environment_3D()
         self.create_3D_environment(env_3D)
-        return env_3D.show(polygons_type="initial", jupyter=jupyter)
+        env_3D.show(polygons_type="initial")
 
-    def show_3D_shadows(self, date, jupyter=False):
+    def plotly_figure_3D(self):
+        """The Plotly figure of show_3D(), returned instead of shown, so it
+        can be composed, saved, or otherwise reused."""
+        env_3D = Environment_3D()
+        self.create_3D_environment(env_3D)
+        return env_3D.plotly_figure(polygons_type="initial")
+
+    def show_3D_shadows(self, date):
         env_3D = Environment_3D()
         self.create_3D_environment(env_3D)
         file_met = self.parameter("simulation_file_met").component
         cos = file_met.sun_cosines(date)
         if len(cos) == 3:
             env_3D.calculate_shadows(cos)
-            env_3D.show(polygons_type="Building_shadows", jupyter=jupyter)
+            env_3D.show(polygons_type="Building_shadows")
         else:
             self._sim_.message(Message(date.strftime("%H:%M,  %d/%m/%Y") + " is night", "WARNING"))
 
-    def show_3D_shadows_animation(self, date, jupyter=False):
+    def show_3D_shadows_animation(self, date):
         env_3D = Environment_3D()
         self.create_3D_environment(env_3D)
         file_met = self.parameter("simulation_file_met").component
@@ -705,6 +712,6 @@ class Project(Parameter_container):
             if len(cos) == 3:  # Day time
                 texts.append(new_date.strftime("%H:%M,  %d/%m/%Y"))
                 cosines.append(cos)
-        env_3D.show_animation(texts, cosines, polygons_type="Building_shadows", jupyter=jupyter)
+        env_3D.show_animation(texts, cosines, polygons_type="Building_shadows")
 
             

{opensimula-0.8.6 → opensimula-0.8.8}/src/opensimula/components/Building.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class Building(Component):
         SWR_matrix = (SWR_matrix - np.matmul(self.ff_matrix, rho_matrix)
             - np.matmul(self.ff_matrix, np.matmul(tau_matrix, self.B_matrix)))
 
-        SWR_matrix = np.linalg.inv(SWR_matrix)
+        SWR_matrix = _radiosity_inverse_(SWR_matrix)
         aux_matrix = np.matmul(area_matrix, np.matmul(alpha_matrix, SWR_matrix))
         self.SWDIF_matrix = np.matmul(aux_matrix, np.matmul(self.ff_matrix, tau_matrix))  # SW Solar Diffuse
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class Building(Component):
         LWR_matrix = (LWR_matrix - np.matmul(self.ff_matrix, rho_matrix)
             - np.matmul(self.ff_matrix, np.matmul(tau_matrix, self.B_matrix)))
 
-        LWR_matrix = np.linalg.inv(LWR_matrix)
+        LWR_matrix = _radiosity_inverse_(LWR_matrix)
         aux_matrix = np.matmul(area_matrix, np.matmul(alpha_matrix,LWR_matrix))
 
         ig_dist_matrix = np.zeros((self._n_surfaces, self._n_spaces))
@@ -508,4 +508,18 @@ class Building(Component):
     
     # _______________ post_iteration _______________
     def post_iteration(self, time_index, date, daylight_saving, converged):
-        super().post_iteration(time_index, date, daylight_saving, converged)
+        super().post_iteration(time_index, date, daylight_saving, converged)
+
+
+def _radiosity_inverse_(matrix):
+    """Inverse of a radiosity matrix (I - F·rho - F·tau·B).
+
+    In a closed enclosure whose surfaces neither absorb nor transmit (rho = 1, e.g. surfaces
+    with solar absorptance or emissivity 0, as in the ASHRAE 140 ground-coupling cases) the
+    matrix is singular, since the rows of F sum to 1. Nothing is absorbed then, so any
+    generalised inverse gives the same (zero) absorbed radiation: use the pseudo-inverse.
+    """
+    try:
+        return np.linalg.inv(matrix)
+    except np.linalg.LinAlgError:
+        return np.linalg.pinv(matrix)

{opensimula-0.8.6 → opensimula-0.8.8}/src/opensimula/components/Construction.py

@@ -281,7 +281,10 @@ class Construction(Component):
         ox = []
         oy = []
         oz = []
-        for i in range(1, n_coef):
+        # n_coef terms of the response series give n_coef valid a, b, c coefficients, as many
+        # as d has: with one fewer, the steady state (sum(a)/sum(d) = U) failed for light
+        # constructions with few roots, e.g. 6.59 instead of 5.05 W/m²K for a thin panel
+        for i in range(1, n_coef + 1):
             sum_exp_x = 0
             sum_exp_y = 0
             sum_exp_z = 0
@@ -304,10 +307,11 @@ class Construction(Component):
             if math.fabs(d[i]) < min_coef:
                 d = d[0: i+1]
                 break
-        # Cut number of coeficients, se producen coeficientes extraños para muros ligeros a partir del n. de roots
-        a = np.resize(a, n_coef-1)
-        b = np.resize(b, n_coef-1)
-        c = np.resize(c, n_coef-1)
+        # Only the first n_coef terms of the convolutions are valid (the response series
+        # above are truncated after n_coef terms)
+        a = np.resize(a, n_coef)
+        b = np.resize(b, n_coef)
+        c = np.resize(c, n_coef)
         # Cut a, b, c coefficients
         for i in range(len(a)):
             if (