@waku/rln 0.1.6-c7a2055.0 → 0.1.6-c8b7131.0

package/bundle/index.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export { RLNDecoder, RLNEncoder } from './packages/rln/dist/codec.js';
 export { RLN_ABI } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/abi.js';
 export { RLNContract } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/rln_contract.js';
-export { DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, LINEA_CONTRACT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS, RATE_LIMIT_TIERS } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/constants.js';
+export { DEFAULT_Q, DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, LINEA_CONTRACT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS, RATE_LIMIT_TIERS } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/constants.js';
 export { MembershipState } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/types.js';
 export { RLNBaseContract } from './packages/rln/dist/contract/rln_base_contract.js';
 export { createRLN } from './packages/rln/dist/create.js';

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/contract/constants.js

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ const RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS = {
     MAX_TOTAL_RATE: 160_000, // Maximum total rate limit across all memberships
     EPOCH_LENGTH: 600 // Epoch length in seconds (10 minutes)
 };
+/**
+ * Default Q value for the RLN contract
+ * This is the upper bound for the ID commitment
+ * @see https://github.com/waku-org/specs/blob/master/standards/core/rln-contract.md#implementation-suggestions
+ */
+const DEFAULT_Q = BigInt("21888242871839275222246405745257275088548364400416034343698204186575808495617");
 const DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT = RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS.MAX_RATE;
 
-export { DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, LINEA_CONTRACT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS, RATE_LIMIT_TIERS };
+export { DEFAULT_Q, DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, LINEA_CONTRACT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS, RATE_LIMIT_TIERS };

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/contract/rln_base_contract.js

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import '../../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/bases/base8.js';
 import '../../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/bases/identity.js';
 import '../../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/codecs/json.js';
 import { Logger } from '../../../utils/dist/logger/index.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from '../utils/bytes.js';
 import { RLN_ABI } from './abi.js';
 import { DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS } from './constants.js';
 import { MembershipState } from './types.js';
@@ -66,7 +67,8 @@ class RLNBaseContract {
         const instance = new RLNBaseContract(options);
         const [min, max] = await Promise.all([
             instance.contract.minMembershipRateLimit(),
-            instance.contract.maxMembershipRateLimit()
+            instance.contract.maxMembershipRateLimit(),
+            instance.contract.Q()
         ]);
         instance.minRateLimit = BigNumber.from(min).toNumber();
         instance.maxRateLimit = BigNumber.from(max).toNumber();
@@ -340,8 +342,9 @@ class RLNBaseContract {
     async registerWithIdentity(identity) {
         try {
             log.info(`Registering identity with rate limit: ${this.rateLimit} messages/epoch`);
+            const idCommitmentBigIntBE = BytesUtils.buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(identity.IDCommitment);
             // Check if the ID commitment is already registered
-            const existingIndex = await this.getMemberIndex(identity.IDCommitmentBigInt);
+            const existingIndex = await this.getMemberIndex(idCommitmentBigIntBE);
             if (existingIndex) {
                 throw new Error(`ID commitment is already registered with index ${existingIndex}`);
             }
@@ -350,9 +353,11 @@ class RLNBaseContract {
             if (remainingRateLimit < this.rateLimit) {
                 throw new Error(`Not enough remaining rate limit. Requested: ${this.rateLimit}, Available: ${remainingRateLimit}`);
             }
-            const estimatedGas = await this.contract.estimateGas.register(identity.IDCommitmentBigInt, this.rateLimit, []);
+            const estimatedGas = await this.contract.estimateGas.register(idCommitmentBigIntBE, this.rateLimit, []);
             const gasLimit = estimatedGas.add(10000);
-            const txRegisterResponse = await this.contract.register(identity.IDCommitmentBigInt, this.rateLimit, [], { gasLimit });
+            const txRegisterResponse = await this.contract.register(idCommitmentBigIntBE, this.rateLimit, [], {
+                gasLimit
+            });
             const txRegisterReceipt = await txRegisterResponse.wait();
             if (txRegisterReceipt.status === 0) {
                 throw new Error("Transaction failed on-chain");
@@ -414,7 +419,7 @@ class RLNBaseContract {
     async registerWithPermitAndErase(identity, permit, idCommitmentsToErase) {
         try {
             log.info(`Registering identity with permit and rate limit: ${this.rateLimit} messages/epoch`);
-            const txRegisterResponse = await this.contract.registerWithPermit(permit.owner, permit.deadline, permit.v, permit.r, permit.s, identity.IDCommitmentBigInt, this.rateLimit, idCommitmentsToErase.map((id) => BigNumber.from(id)));
+            const txRegisterResponse = await this.contract.registerWithPermit(permit.owner, permit.deadline, permit.v, permit.r, permit.s, BytesUtils.buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(identity.IDCommitment), this.rateLimit, idCommitmentsToErase.map((id) => BigNumber.from(id)));
             const txRegisterReceipt = await txRegisterResponse.wait();
             const memberRegistered = txRegisterReceipt.events?.find((event) => event.event === "MembershipRegistered");
             if (!memberRegistered || !memberRegistered.args) {

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/contract/rln_contract.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import '../../../interfaces/dist/health_indicator.js';
 import { hexToBytes } from '../../../utils/dist/bytes/index.js';
 import { Logger } from '../../../utils/dist/logger/index.js';
 import { MerkleRootTracker } from '../root_tracker.js';
-import { zeroPadLE } from '../utils/bytes.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from '../utils/bytes.js';
 import { RLNBaseContract } from './rln_base_contract.js';
 import { BigNumber } from '../../../../node_modules/@ethersproject/bignumber/lib.esm/bignumber.js';
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class RLNContract extends RLNBaseContract {
                 if (typeof index === "number" || typeof index === "string") {
                     index = BigNumber.from(index);
                 }
-                const idCommitment = zeroPadLE(hexToBytes(_idCommitment), 32);
+                const idCommitment = BytesUtils.zeroPadLE(hexToBytes(_idCommitment), 32);
                 rlnInstance.zerokit.insertMember(idCommitment);
                 const numericIndex = index.toNumber();
                 this._members.set(numericIndex, {

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/credentials_manager.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hmac } from '../../../node_modules/@noble/hashes/esm/hmac.js';
-import { sha256 } from '../../../node_modules/@noble/hashes/esm/sha256.js';
+import { sha256 } from '../../../node_modules/@noble/hashes/esm/sha2.js';
 import '../../interfaces/dist/protocols.js';
 import '../../interfaces/dist/connection_manager.js';
 import '../../interfaces/dist/health_indicator.js';
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ import '../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/bases/base8.js';
 import '../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/bases/identity.js';
 import '../../../node_modules/multiformats/dist/src/codecs/json.js';
 import { Logger } from '../../utils/dist/logger/index.js';
-import { LINEA_CONTRACT } from './contract/constants.js';
+import { LINEA_CONTRACT, DEFAULT_Q } from './contract/constants.js';
 import { RLNBaseContract } from './contract/rln_base_contract.js';
 import { IdentityCredential } from './identity.js';
 import { Keystore } from './keystore/keystore.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from './utils/bytes.js';
 import { extractMetaMaskSigner } from './utils/metamask.js';
-import { buildBigIntFromUint8Array } from './utils/bytes.js';
 import './utils/epoch.js';
 
 const log = new Logger("waku:credentials");
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class RLNCredentialsManager {
             }
             else {
                 log.info("Using local implementation to generate identity");
-                identity = this.generateSeededIdentityCredential(options.signature);
+                identity = await this.generateSeededIdentityCredential(options.signature);
             }
         }
         if (!identity) {
@@ -191,24 +191,32 @@ class RLNCredentialsManager {
      * @param seed A string seed to generate the identity from
      * @returns IdentityCredential
      */
-    generateSeededIdentityCredential(seed) {
+    async generateSeededIdentityCredential(seed) {
         log.info("Generating seeded identity credential");
         // Convert the seed to bytes
         const encoder = new TextEncoder();
         const seedBytes = encoder.encode(seed);
         // Generate deterministic values using HMAC-SHA256
         // We use different context strings for each component to ensure they're different
-        const idTrapdoor = hmac(sha256, seedBytes, encoder.encode("IDTrapdoor"));
-        const idNullifier = hmac(sha256, seedBytes, encoder.encode("IDNullifier"));
-        // Generate IDSecretHash as a hash of IDTrapdoor and IDNullifier
-        const combinedBytes = new Uint8Array([...idTrapdoor, ...idNullifier]);
-        const idSecretHash = sha256(combinedBytes);
-        // Generate IDCommitment as a hash of IDSecretHash
-        const idCommitment = sha256(idSecretHash);
-        // Convert IDCommitment to BigInt
-        const idCommitmentBigInt = buildBigIntFromUint8Array(idCommitment);
-        log.info("Successfully generated identity credential");
-        return new IdentityCredential(idTrapdoor, idNullifier, idSecretHash, idCommitment, idCommitmentBigInt);
+        const idTrapdoorBE = hmac(sha256, seedBytes, encoder.encode("IDTrapdoor"));
+        const idNullifierBE = hmac(sha256, seedBytes, encoder.encode("IDNullifier"));
+        const combinedBytes = new Uint8Array([...idTrapdoorBE, ...idNullifierBE]);
+        const idSecretHashBE = sha256(combinedBytes);
+        const idCommitmentRawBE = sha256(idSecretHashBE);
+        const idCommitmentBE = this.reduceIdCommitment(idCommitmentRawBE);
+        log.info("Successfully generated identity credential, storing in Big Endian format");
+        return new IdentityCredential(idTrapdoorBE, idNullifierBE, idSecretHashBE, idCommitmentBE);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Helper: take 32-byte BE, reduce mod Q, return 32-byte BE
+     */
+    reduceIdCommitment(bytesBE, limit = DEFAULT_Q) {
+        const nBE = BytesUtils.buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(bytesBE);
+        if (nBE >= limit) {
+            log.warn(`ID commitment is greater than Q, reducing it by Q: ${nBE} % ${limit}`);
+            return BytesUtils.bigIntToUint8Array32BE(nBE % limit);
+        }
+        return bytesBE;
     }
 }
 

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/identity.js

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { buildBigIntFromUint8Array } from './utils/bytes.js';
-import './utils/epoch.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from './utils/bytes.js';
 
 class IdentityCredential {
     IDTrapdoor;
@@ -7,12 +6,16 @@ class IdentityCredential {
     IDSecretHash;
     IDCommitment;
     IDCommitmentBigInt;
-    constructor(IDTrapdoor, IDNullifier, IDSecretHash, IDCommitment, IDCommitmentBigInt) {
+    /**
+     * All variables are in little-endian format
+     */
+    constructor(IDTrapdoor, IDNullifier, IDSecretHash, IDCommitment) {
         this.IDTrapdoor = IDTrapdoor;
         this.IDNullifier = IDNullifier;
         this.IDSecretHash = IDSecretHash;
         this.IDCommitment = IDCommitment;
-        this.IDCommitmentBigInt = IDCommitmentBigInt;
+        this.IDCommitmentBigInt =
+            BytesUtils.buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(IDCommitment);
     }
     static fromBytes(memKeys) {
         if (memKeys.length < 128) {
@@ -22,8 +25,7 @@ class IdentityCredential {
         const idNullifier = memKeys.subarray(32, 64);
         const idSecretHash = memKeys.subarray(64, 96);
         const idCommitment = memKeys.subarray(96, 128);
-        const idCommitmentBigInt = buildBigIntFromUint8Array(idCommitment, 32);
-        return new IdentityCredential(idTrapdoor, idNullifier, idSecretHash, idCommitment, idCommitmentBigInt);
+        return new IdentityCredential(idTrapdoor, idNullifier, idSecretHash, idCommitment);
     }
 }
 

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/keystore/keystore.js

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { Logger } from '../../../utils/dist/logger/index.js';
 import { sha256 } from '../../../../node_modules/ethereum-cryptography/esm/sha256.js';
 import { bytesToUtf8 } from '../../../../node_modules/ethereum-cryptography/esm/utils.js';
 import _ from '../../../../node_modules/lodash/lodash.js';
-import { buildBigIntFromUint8Array } from '../utils/bytes.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from '../utils/bytes.js';
 import { keccak256Checksum, decryptEipKeystore } from './cipher.js';
 import { isKeystoreValid, isCredentialValid } from './schema_validator.js';
 import { __exports as lib } from '../../../../_virtual/index.js';
@@ -164,14 +164,17 @@ class Keystore {
         try {
             const str = bytesToUtf8(bytes);
             const obj = JSON.parse(str);
-            // TODO: add runtime validation of nwaku credentials
+            const idCommitmentLE = Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idCommitment", []));
+            const idTrapdoorLE = Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idTrapdoor", []));
+            const idNullifierLE = Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idNullifier", []));
+            const idSecretHashLE = Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idSecretHash", []));
             return {
                 identity: {
-                    IDCommitment: Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idCommitment", [])),
-                    IDTrapdoor: Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idTrapdoor", [])),
-                    IDNullifier: Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idNullifier", [])),
-                    IDCommitmentBigInt: buildBigIntFromUint8Array(Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idCommitment", []))),
-                    IDSecretHash: Keystore.fromArraylikeToBytes(_.get(obj, "identityCredential.idSecretHash", []))
+                    IDCommitment: idCommitmentLE,
+                    IDTrapdoor: idTrapdoorLE,
+                    IDNullifier: idNullifierLE,
+                    IDSecretHash: idSecretHashLE,
+                    IDCommitmentBigInt: BytesUtils.buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(idCommitmentLE)
                 },
                 membership: {
                     treeIndex: _.get(obj, "treeIndex"),
@@ -207,13 +210,14 @@ class Keystore {
     }
     // follows nwaku implementation
     // https://github.com/waku-org/nwaku/blob/f05528d4be3d3c876a8b07f9bb7dfaae8aa8ec6e/waku/waku_keystore/protocol_types.nim#L98
+    // IdentityCredential is stored in Big Endian format => switch to Little Endian
     static fromIdentityToBytes(options) {
         return utf8ToBytes(JSON.stringify({
             treeIndex: options.membership.treeIndex,
             identityCredential: {
-                idCommitment: Array.from(options.identity.IDCommitment),
-                idNullifier: Array.from(options.identity.IDNullifier),
-                idSecretHash: Array.from(options.identity.IDSecretHash),
+                idCommitment: Array.from(BytesUtils.switchEndianness(options.identity.IDCommitment)),
+                idNullifier: Array.from(BytesUtils.switchEndianness(options.identity.IDNullifier)),
+                idSecretHash: Array.from(BytesUtils.switchEndianness(options.identity.IDSecretHash)),
                 idTrapdoor: Array.from(options.identity.IDTrapdoor)
             },
             membershipContract: {

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/proof.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { concatenate } from './utils/bytes.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from './utils/bytes.js';
 import { poseidonHash } from './utils/hash.js';
 import './utils/epoch.js';
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Proof {
     }
 }
 function proofToBytes(p) {
-    return concatenate(p.proof, p.merkleRoot, p.epoch, p.shareX, p.shareY, p.nullifier, p.rlnIdentifier);
+    return BytesUtils.concatenate(p.proof, p.merkleRoot, p.epoch, p.shareX, p.shareY, p.nullifier, p.rlnIdentifier);
 }
 
 export { Proof, proofToBytes };

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/utils/bytes.js

@@ -1,65 +1,110 @@
-/**
- * Concatenate Uint8Arrays
- * @param input
- * @returns concatenation of all Uint8Array received as input
- */
-function concatenate(...input) {
-    let totalLength = 0;
-    for (const arr of input) {
-        totalLength += arr.length;
+class BytesUtils {
+    /**
+     * Switches endianness of a byte array
+     */
+    static switchEndianness(bytes) {
+        return new Uint8Array(bytes.reverse());
     }
-    const result = new Uint8Array(totalLength);
-    let offset = 0;
-    for (const arr of input) {
-        result.set(arr, offset);
-        offset += arr.length;
+    /**
+     * Builds a BigInt from a big-endian Uint8Array
+     * @param bytes The big-endian bytes to convert
+     * @returns The resulting BigInt in big-endian format
+     */
+    static buildBigIntFromUint8ArrayBE(bytes) {
+        let result = 0n;
+        for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+            result = (result << 8n) + BigInt(bytes[i]);
+        }
+        return result;
     }
-    return result;
-}
-// Adapted from https://github.com/feross/buffer
-function checkInt(buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
-    if (value > max || value < min)
-        throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds');
-    if (offset + ext > buf.length)
-        throw new RangeError("Index out of range");
-}
-function writeUIntLE(buf, value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
-    value = +value;
-    offset = offset >>> 0;
-    byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
-    {
-        const maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1;
-        checkInt(buf, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0);
+    /**
+     * Switches endianness of a bigint value
+     * @param value The bigint value to switch endianness for
+     * @returns The bigint value with reversed endianness
+     */
+    static switchEndiannessBigInt(value) {
+        // Convert bigint to byte array
+        const bytes = [];
+        let tempValue = value;
+        while (tempValue > 0n) {
+            bytes.push(Number(tempValue & 0xffn));
+            tempValue >>= 8n;
+        }
+        // Reverse bytes and convert back to bigint
+        return bytes
+            .reverse()
+            .reduce((acc, byte) => (acc << 8n) + BigInt(byte), 0n);
     }
-    let mul = 1;
-    let i = 0;
-    buf[offset] = value & 0xff;
-    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
-        buf[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xff;
+    /**
+     * Converts a big-endian bigint to a 32-byte big-endian Uint8Array
+     * @param value The big-endian bigint to convert
+     * @returns A 32-byte big-endian Uint8Array
+     */
+    static bigIntToUint8Array32BE(value) {
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(32);
+        for (let i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+            bytes[i] = Number(value & 0xffn);
+            value >>= 8n;
+        }
+        return bytes;
     }
-    return buf;
-}
-/**
- * Transforms Uint8Array into BigInt
- * @param array: Uint8Array
- * @returns BigInt
- */
-function buildBigIntFromUint8Array(array, byteOffset = 0) {
-    const dataView = new DataView(array.buffer);
-    return dataView.getBigUint64(byteOffset, true);
-}
-/**
- * Fills with zeros to set length
- * @param array little endian Uint8Array
- * @param length amount to pad
- * @returns little endian Uint8Array padded with zeros to set length
- */
-function zeroPadLE(array, length) {
-    const result = new Uint8Array(length);
-    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        result[i] = array[i] || 0;
+    /**
+     * Writes an unsigned integer to a buffer in little-endian format
+     */
+    static writeUIntLE(buf, value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
+        value = +value;
+        offset = offset >>> 0;
+        byteLength = byteLength >>> 0;
+        if (!noAssert) {
+            const maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1;
+            BytesUtils.checkInt(buf, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0);
+        }
+        let mul = 1;
+        let i = 0;
+        buf[offset] = value & 0xff;
+        while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
+            buf[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xff;
+        }
+        return buf;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Fills with zeros to set length
+     * @param array little endian Uint8Array
+     * @param length amount to pad
+     * @returns little endian Uint8Array padded with zeros to set length
+     */
+    static zeroPadLE(array, length) {
+        const result = new Uint8Array(length);
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            result[i] = array[i] || 0;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    // Adapted from https://github.com/feross/buffer
+    static checkInt(buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
+        if (value > max || value < min)
+            throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds');
+        if (offset + ext > buf.length)
+            throw new RangeError("Index out of range");
+    }
+    /**
+     * Concatenate Uint8Arrays
+     * @param input
+     * @returns concatenation of all Uint8Array received as input
+     */
+    static concatenate(...input) {
+        let totalLength = 0;
+        for (const arr of input) {
+            totalLength += arr.length;
+        }
+        const result = new Uint8Array(totalLength);
+        let offset = 0;
+        for (const arr of input) {
+            result.set(arr, offset);
+            offset += arr.length;
+        }
+        return result;
     }
-    return result;
 }
 
-export { buildBigIntFromUint8Array, concatenate, writeUIntLE, zeroPadLE };
+export { BytesUtils };

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/utils/hash.js

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { poseidonHash as poseidonHash$1 } from '../../../../node_modules/@waku/zerokit-rln-wasm/rln_wasm.js';
-import { writeUIntLE, concatenate } from './bytes.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from './bytes.js';
 
 function poseidonHash(...input) {
-    const inputLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), input.length, 0, 8);
-    const lenPrefixedData = concatenate(inputLen, ...input);
+    const inputLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), input.length, 0, 8);
+    const lenPrefixedData = BytesUtils.concatenate(inputLen, ...input);
     return poseidonHash$1(lenPrefixedData);
 }
 

package/bundle/packages/rln/dist/zerokit.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { generateExtendedMembershipKey, generateSeededExtendedMembershipKey, ins
 import { DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT, RATE_LIMIT_PARAMS } from './contract/constants.js';
 import { IdentityCredential } from './identity.js';
 import { Proof, proofToBytes } from './proof.js';
-import { writeUIntLE, concatenate } from './utils/bytes.js';
+import { BytesUtils } from './utils/bytes.js';
 import { epochIntToBytes, dateToEpoch } from './utils/epoch.js';
 
 class Zerokit {
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ class Zerokit {
     insertMembers(index, ...idCommitments) {
         // serializes a seq of IDCommitments to a byte seq
         // the order of serialization is |id_commitment_len<8>|id_commitment<var>|
-        const idCommitmentLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), idCommitments.length, 0, 8);
-        const idCommitmentBytes = concatenate(idCommitmentLen, ...idCommitments);
+        const idCommitmentLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), idCommitments.length, 0, 8);
+        const idCommitmentBytes = BytesUtils.concatenate(idCommitmentLen, ...idCommitments);
         setLeavesFrom(this.zkRLN, index, idCommitmentBytes);
     }
     deleteMember(index) {
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ class Zerokit {
     }
     serializeMessage(uint8Msg, memIndex, epoch, idKey, rateLimit) {
         // calculate message length
-        const msgLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), uint8Msg.length, 0, 8);
-        const memIndexBytes = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), memIndex, 0, 8);
-        const rateLimitBytes = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
+        const msgLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), uint8Msg.length, 0, 8);
+        const memIndexBytes = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), memIndex, 0, 8);
+        const rateLimitBytes = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
         // [ id_key<32> | id_index<8> | epoch<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> | rate_limit<8> ]
-        return concatenate(idKey, memIndexBytes, epoch, msgLen, uint8Msg, rateLimitBytes);
+        return BytesUtils.concatenate(idKey, memIndexBytes, epoch, msgLen, uint8Msg, rateLimitBytes);
     }
     async generateRLNProof(msg, index, epoch, idSecretHash, rateLimit) {
         if (epoch === undefined) {
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ class Zerokit {
             pBytes = proofToBytes(proof);
         }
         // calculate message length
-        const msgLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
-        const rateLimitBytes = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
-        return verifyRLNProof(this.zkRLN, concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes));
+        const msgLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
+        const rateLimitBytes = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
+        return verifyRLNProof(this.zkRLN, BytesUtils.concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes));
     }
     verifyWithRoots(proof, msg, roots, rateLimit) {
         let pBytes;
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ class Zerokit {
             pBytes = proofToBytes(proof);
         }
         // calculate message length
-        const msgLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
-        const rateLimitBytes = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
-        const rootsBytes = concatenate(...roots);
-        return verifyWithRoots(this.zkRLN, concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes), rootsBytes);
+        const msgLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
+        const rateLimitBytes = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
+        const rootsBytes = BytesUtils.concatenate(...roots);
+        return verifyWithRoots(this.zkRLN, BytesUtils.concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes), rootsBytes);
     }
     verifyWithNoRoot(proof, msg, rateLimit) {
         let pBytes;
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ class Zerokit {
             pBytes = proofToBytes(proof);
         }
         // calculate message length
-        const msgLen = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
-        const rateLimitBytes = writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
-        return verifyWithRoots(this.zkRLN, concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes), new Uint8Array());
+        const msgLen = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), msg.length, 0, 8);
+        const rateLimitBytes = BytesUtils.writeUIntLE(new Uint8Array(8), rateLimit ?? this.rateLimit, 0, 8);
+        return verifyWithRoots(this.zkRLN, BytesUtils.concatenate(pBytes, msgLen, msg, rateLimitBytes), new Uint8Array());
     }
 }