@fideus-labs/ngff-zarr 0.17.0 → 0.19.0

package/esm/utils/structural_validation.js

@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) Fideus Labs LLC
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+/**
+ * Structural validation for OME-Zarr v0.4 image/multiscales metadata.
+ *
+ * Where the Zod schema validation in {@link validateMetadata} answers "is this
+ * shaped like OME-Zarr?", the rules in this module answer "does this obey the
+ * specification's structural invariants?" -- axis counts, axis ordering,
+ * coordinate-transformation arity, finest-to-coarsest dataset ordering, and
+ * OMERO channel color format. These are spec MUSTs that a JSON Schema cannot
+ * express.
+ *
+ * Each rule is identified by a stable, kebab-case {@link SpecRule} value that is
+ * part of the observable surface: the identifiers, their evaluation order, and
+ * the dotted-segment location strings are kept byte-for-byte identical to the
+ * package's Python implementation so the two stay in lockstep (a property the
+ * cross-language parity tests assert). Rules fail fast -- the orchestrator
+ * throws a {@link ValidationError} on the first violation, in canonical
+ * specification order.
+ *
+ * This module provides the image/multiscales rule surface -- including the
+ * RFC 4 anatomical-orientation checks -- plus the HCS plate/well rules, which
+ * operate on separate metadata objects and are dispatched by the companion
+ * {@link validatePlate} and {@link validateWell} entry points.
+ */
+import { validateColor, } from "../types/zarr_metadata.js";
+import { hasRfc4OrientationMetadata, validateRfc4Orientation, } from "./rfc4_validation.js";
+import { formatNameList } from "./py_format.js";
+/**
+ * Stable, kebab-case identifiers for the structural specification rules.
+ *
+ * The string values are the observable surface -- they appear in
+ * {@link ValidationError.rule}, logs, and tests -- and must match the package's
+ * Python implementation exactly. Members are listed in canonical
+ * specification-MUST evaluation order.
+ */
+export const SpecRule = {
+    /** Axis count within the v0.4 range of 2..5 inclusive. */
+    AxisCount: "axis-count",
+    /** At most one `time` axis and at most one `channel` axis. */
+    AxisType: "axis-type",
+    /** time before channel before space; spatial names suffix (z, y, x). */
+    AxisOrder: "axis-order",
+    /** Every scale/translation vector length equals the axis count. */
+    ScaleLengthMismatch: "scale-length-mismatch",
+    /** Exactly one scale per dataset; a translation must follow it. */
+    GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel: "global-coord-transform-after-per-level",
+    /** Datasets ordered finest to coarsest; spatial scale must not shrink. */
+    DatasetOrderHighestToLowest: "dataset-order-highest-to-lowest",
+    /** Each OMERO channel color is exactly six hexadecimal digits. */
+    OmeroChannelColorFormat: "omero-channel-color-format",
+    /** All spatial-axis RFC 4 orientations share one `type`. */
+    AxisOrientationConsistentType: "axis-orientation-consistent-type",
+    /** If any spatial axis declares an orientation, all spatial axes do. */
+    AxisOrientationCompleteness: "axis-orientation-completeness",
+    /** Each well's rowIndex/columnIndex agrees with the row/column in its path. */
+    PlateRowIndexConsistency: "plate-row-index-consistency",
+    /** Each well image references an acquisition when the plate declares many. */
+    WellAcquisitionMissing: "well-acquisition-missing",
+};
+/**
+ * How much validation {@link validateStructural} performs.
+ *
+ * `"strict"` is the default and runs every structural image/multiscales rule.
+ * `"schema_only"` skips them -- schema validation is the separate concern of
+ * {@link validateMetadata}, which checks the raw attributes via Zod.
+ */
+export const ValidationLevel = {
+    /** Skip structural rules; rely on Zod schema validation only. */
+    SchemaOnly: "schema_only",
+    /** Run every structural image/multiscales rule (the default). */
+    Strict: "strict",
+};
+/**
+ * Raised when a structural specification rule is violated.
+ *
+ * Carries the offending {@link SpecRule} and an optional `location` identifying
+ * the offending metadata node in dotted-segment (JSON-Pointer-style) form, e.g.
+ * `multiscales[0].datasets[2].coordinateTransformations[0]`. The `message` is
+ * formatted as `Spec rule [<rule>] violated: <message>`.
+ */
+export class ValidationError extends Error {
+    /** The structural rule that was violated. */
+    rule;
+    /** Dotted-segment location of the offending metadata node, if known. */
+    location;
+    constructor(rule, message, location) {
+        super(`Spec rule [${rule}] violated: ${message}`);
+        this.name = "ValidationError";
+        this.rule = rule;
+        if (location !== undefined) {
+            this.location = location;
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Check one coordinate transform's vector length against the axis count.
+ *
+ * Centralizes the length invariant shared by the global and per-dataset
+ * coordinate-transformation checks (see {@link SpecRule.ScaleLengthMismatch}),
+ * so the rule lives in one place. Transforms that carry no length-bearing
+ * vector are ignored.
+ *
+ * @param transform - The coordinate transform to inspect.
+ * @param axesLen - The expected vector length (the axis count).
+ * @returns `["scale", actual]` or `["translation", actual]` when the
+ * transform's vector length disagrees with `axesLen`; otherwise `null`.
+ */
+function transformLenMismatch(transform, axesLen) {
+    if (transform.type === "scale") {
+        const actual = transform.scale.length;
+        if (actual !== axesLen) {
+            return ["scale", actual];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (transform.type === "translation") {
+        const actual = transform.translation.length;
+        if (actual !== axesLen) {
+            return ["translation", actual];
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+/**
+ * Return the first `scale` vector in a dataset, or `null` if none is present.
+ *
+ * Lets {@link validateDatasetOrder} compare adjacent multiscale levels without
+ * re-deriving the per-dataset `scale` lookup.
+ *
+ * @param dataset - The dataset whose coordinate transforms are scanned.
+ * @returns The first `scale` transform's vector, or `null` when the dataset
+ * declares no `scale` transform.
+ */
+function firstScaleVector(dataset) {
+    for (const transform of dataset.coordinateTransformations) {
+        if (transform.type === "scale") {
+            return transform.scale;
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+/**
+ * Class-ordering rank for axis types: a `time` axis must precede a `channel`
+ * axis, which must precede any `space` axis. Lower rank must never follow
+ * higher rank (see {@link validateAxisOrder}). Axis types absent from this map
+ * (e.g. `array`) carry no rank, so a pair involving one is skipped -- mirroring
+ * the Python implementation's `dict.get(...) is None` handling.
+ */
+const AXIS_TYPE_RANK = {
+    time: 0,
+    channel: 1,
+    space: 2,
+};
+/**
+ * Spatial axis names in canonical order. A valid set of `space` axis names is
+ * the matching-length suffix of this tuple: 1 -> `["x"]`, 2 -> `["y", "x"]`,
+ * 3 -> `["z", "y", "x"]` (see {@link validateSpatialAxisOrder}).
+ */
+const SPATIAL_AXIS_NAMES = ["z", "y", "x"];
+/**
+ * Render a number the way Python's `str()`/f-string renders a `float`: a
+ * whole-number value keeps a trailing `.0` (e.g. `2` -> `"2.0"`), matching the
+ * `list[float]` scale vectors the Python port interpolates into the
+ * dataset-order message. Non-integer scale ratios (e.g. `1.5`) already render
+ * identically across both languages, so they pass through unchanged. This keeps
+ * the message byte-for-byte identical to Python for the whole-number
+ * downsampling ratios OME-Zarr writers (including this package) emit to disk.
+ */
+function pyFloat(value) {
+    return Number.isInteger(value) ? `${value}.0` : `${value}`;
+}
+/**
+ * Validate that the axis count is within the v0.4-permitted range.
+ *
+ * OME-Zarr v0.4 requires between 2 and 5 axes, inclusive.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.AxisCount} when
+ * `metadata.axes.length` lies outside `2..5`; location `multiscales[0].axes`.
+ */
+export function validateAxisCount(metadata) {
+    const count = metadata.axes.length;
+    if (count < 2 || count > 5) {
+        throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisCount, `OME-Zarr v0.4 requires between 2 and 5 axes, inclusive; found ${count}.`, "multiscales[0].axes");
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate axis-type multiplicity.
+ *
+ * At most one `time` axis and at most one `channel` axis may be present.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.AxisType} when more than one
+ * `time` axis or more than one `channel` axis is present; location
+ * `multiscales[0].axes`.
+ */
+export function validateAxisType(metadata) {
+    const timeCount = metadata.axes.filter((ax) => ax.type === "time").length;
+    if (timeCount > 1) {
+        throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisType, `At most one 'time' axis is permitted; found ${timeCount}.`, "multiscales[0].axes");
+    }
+    const channelCount = metadata.axes.filter((ax) => ax.type === "channel").length;
+    if (channelCount > 1) {
+        throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisType, `At most one 'channel' axis is permitted; found ${channelCount}.`, "multiscales[0].axes");
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate the class ordering of axes.
+ *
+ * Axes are ranked by type (`time` < `channel` < `space`) and must be listed in
+ * non-decreasing rank order: every `time` axis precedes every `channel` axis,
+ * which precedes every `space` axis. The first adjacent pair that inverts this
+ * ranking is reported. Pairs involving an axis type with no rank (e.g. `array`)
+ * are skipped.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.AxisOrder} for the first
+ * adjacent pair where a lower-ranked axis type follows a higher-ranked one;
+ * location `multiscales[0].axes[i+1]`.
+ */
+export function validateAxisOrder(metadata) {
+    const axes = metadata.axes;
+    for (let i = 0; i < axes.length - 1; i++) {
+        const current = axes[i];
+        const following = axes[i + 1];
+        const currentRank = AXIS_TYPE_RANK[current.type];
+        const followingRank = AXIS_TYPE_RANK[following.type];
+        if (currentRank === undefined || followingRank === undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (followingRank < currentRank) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisOrder, `Axis '${following.name}' of type '${following.type}' must not ` +
+                `follow axis '${current.name}' of type '${current.type}'; axes ` +
+                `must be ordered time, then channel, then space.`, `multiscales[0].axes[${i + 1}]`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate the count and names of spatial axes.
+ *
+ * The `space` axes, taken in order, must be the matching-length suffix of
+ * `(z, y, x)`: one spatial axis must be `(x)`, two must be `(y, x)`, and three
+ * must be `(z, y, x)`. At most three `space` axes are permitted.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.AxisOrder} when there are more
+ * than three `space` axes, or when their names are not the expected suffix of
+ * `(z, y, x)`; location `multiscales[0].axes` or the first offending axis.
+ */
+export function validateSpatialAxisOrder(metadata) {
+    const spaceIndices = [];
+    metadata.axes.forEach((ax, i) => {
+        if (ax.type === "space") {
+            spaceIndices.push(i);
+        }
+    });
+    const count = spaceIndices.length;
+    if (count > 3) {
+        throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisOrder, `OME-Zarr v0.4 permits at most 3 'space' axes; found ${count}.`, "multiscales[0].axes");
+    }
+    const expected = SPATIAL_AXIS_NAMES.slice(SPATIAL_AXIS_NAMES.length - count);
+    const actual = spaceIndices.map((i) => metadata.axes[i].name);
+    const mismatch = actual.findIndex((name, j) => name !== expected[j]);
+    if (mismatch !== -1) {
+        throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisOrder, `Spatial axis names ${formatNameList(actual)} must be the ` +
+            `length-${count} suffix of (z, y, x): ${formatNameList(expected)}.`, `multiscales[0].axes[${spaceIndices[mismatch]}]`);
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate that each dataset defines exactly one `scale` transform.
+ *
+ * Every dataset's `coordinateTransformations` must contain exactly one `scale`
+ * (the per-level voxel size). This shares the per-dataset
+ * coordinate-transform-shape rule identifier
+ * ({@link SpecRule.GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel}); there is no dedicated
+ * identifier for the scale count.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With
+ * {@link SpecRule.GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel} when a dataset has zero or
+ * more than one `scale` transform; location
+ * `multiscales[0].datasets[i].coordinateTransformations`.
+ */
+export function validatePerDatasetScaleCount(metadata) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < metadata.datasets.length; i++) {
+        const dataset = metadata.datasets[i];
+        const scaleCount = dataset.coordinateTransformations.filter((t) => t.type === "scale").length;
+        if (scaleCount !== 1) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel, `Each dataset must define exactly one 'scale' coordinate ` +
+                `transformation; dataset ${i} has ${scaleCount}.`, `multiscales[0].datasets[${i}].coordinateTransformations`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate coordinate-transform vector lengths against the axis count.
+ *
+ * Every `scale` and `translation` vector -- in the global
+ * `coordinateTransformations` (if present) and in each dataset -- must have
+ * exactly one entry per axis. The first mismatch, scanned
+ * global-then-per-dataset, is reported. The length invariant itself lives in
+ * {@link transformLenMismatch}.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.ScaleLengthMismatch} for the
+ * first transform whose vector length disagrees with `metadata.axes.length`;
+ * location identifies the offending transform.
+ */
+export function validateScaleLength(metadata) {
+    const axesLen = metadata.axes.length;
+    const globalTransforms = metadata.coordinateTransformations;
+    if (globalTransforms) {
+        for (let j = 0; j < globalTransforms.length; j++) {
+            const mismatch = transformLenMismatch(globalTransforms[j], axesLen);
+            if (mismatch !== null) {
+                const [kind, actualLen] = mismatch;
+                throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.ScaleLengthMismatch, `Global '${kind}' transform has length ${actualLen}, but ` +
+                    `there are ${axesLen} axes; lengths must match.`, `multiscales[0].coordinateTransformations[${j}]`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < metadata.datasets.length; i++) {
+        const dataset = metadata.datasets[i];
+        for (let j = 0; j < dataset.coordinateTransformations.length; j++) {
+            const mismatch = transformLenMismatch(dataset.coordinateTransformations[j], axesLen);
+            if (mismatch !== null) {
+                const [kind, actualLen] = mismatch;
+                throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.ScaleLengthMismatch, `Dataset ${i} '${kind}' transform has length ${actualLen}, ` +
+                    `but there are ${axesLen} axes; lengths must match.`, `multiscales[0].datasets[${i}].coordinateTransformations[${j}]`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate coordinate-transform ordering within each dataset.
+ *
+ * Within a dataset's `coordinateTransformations`, a `translation` (if present)
+ * must follow its `scale` -- a `scale` must never appear after a `translation`.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With
+ * {@link SpecRule.GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel} for the first dataset
+ * where a `scale` follows a `translation`; location identifies the offending
+ * `scale`.
+ */
+export function validateTransformOrder(metadata) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < metadata.datasets.length; i++) {
+        const dataset = metadata.datasets[i];
+        let seenTranslation = false;
+        for (let j = 0; j < dataset.coordinateTransformations.length; j++) {
+            const transform = dataset.coordinateTransformations[j];
+            if (transform.type === "translation") {
+                seenTranslation = true;
+            }
+            else if (transform.type === "scale" && seenTranslation) {
+                throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.GlobalCoordTransformAfterPerLevel, `In dataset ${i}, a 'scale' transform must not follow a ` +
+                    `'translation'; a translation must follow its scale.`, `multiscales[0].datasets[${i}].coordinateTransformations[${j}]`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate that datasets are ordered finest to coarsest.
+ *
+ * Multiscale datasets must be listed from highest resolution (finest, i.e.
+ * smallest spatial `scale`) to lowest (coarsest). For each adjacent pair, the
+ * later level's `scale` must not be smaller than the earlier level's on any
+ * `space` axis. Pairs whose `scale` vectors are missing or too short to index a
+ * spatial axis are skipped -- those shapes are the concern of
+ * {@link validatePerDatasetScaleCount} and {@link validateScaleLength} -- so
+ * this rule never indexes out of bounds.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.DatasetOrderHighestToLowest}
+ * for the first adjacent pair whose later (coarser) level has a smaller spatial
+ * scale; location `multiscales[0].datasets[i+1]`.
+ */
+export function validateDatasetOrder(metadata) {
+    const spaceIndices = [];
+    metadata.axes.forEach((ax, i) => {
+        if (ax.type === "space") {
+            spaceIndices.push(i);
+        }
+    });
+    const datasets = metadata.datasets;
+    for (let i = 0; i < datasets.length - 1; i++) {
+        const finer = firstScaleVector(datasets[i]);
+        const coarser = firstScaleVector(datasets[i + 1]);
+        if (finer === null || coarser === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const axisIndex of spaceIndices) {
+            if (axisIndex >= finer.length || axisIndex >= coarser.length) {
+                // Scale too short to compare this axis: another rule's concern.
+                // Skip so we never index out of bounds here.
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (coarser[axisIndex] < finer[axisIndex]) {
+                const axisName = metadata.axes[axisIndex].name;
+                throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.DatasetOrderHighestToLowest, `Datasets must be ordered finest to coarsest; dataset ` +
+                    `${i + 1} has spatial scale ${pyFloat(coarser[axisIndex])} ` +
+                    `on axis '${axisName}', smaller than dataset ${i}'s ` +
+                    `${pyFloat(finer[axisIndex])}.`, `multiscales[0].datasets[${i + 1}]`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate the color format of each OMERO channel.
+ *
+ * When OMERO rendering metadata is present, every channel `color` must be
+ * exactly six hexadecimal digits (RGB). This reuses the package's existing
+ * {@link validateColor} predicate rather than re-implementing the format check,
+ * surfacing its failure message through the unified {@link ValidationError}
+ * channel.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.OmeroChannelColorFormat} for
+ * the first channel whose `color` is not six hex digits; location
+ * `multiscales[0].omero.channels[i].color`.
+ */
+export function validateOmeroColorHex(metadata) {
+    const omero = metadata.omero;
+    if (omero === undefined) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < omero.channels.length; i++) {
+        try {
+            validateColor(omero.channels[i].color);
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.OmeroChannelColorFormat, error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error), `multiscales[0].omero.channels[${i}].color`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Render a parsed {@link Axis} back to the record form the RFC 4 helpers
+ * consume.
+ *
+ * Emits only the fields the RFC 4 helpers inspect -- `name`, `type`, and (for a
+ * spatial axis that declares it) `orientation` as a `{ type, value }` record. A
+ * stored `orientation` may be the serialized {@link AxisOrientation} form or
+ * an {@link AnatomicalOrientation}; both already expose a string `type` and
+ * `value`, so the record is built directly without further coercion.
+ *
+ * @param axis - The parsed axis to render.
+ * @returns A plain record carrying `name`, `type`, and, when present,
+ * `orientation`.
+ */
+function axisToValidationRecord(axis) {
+    const record = {
+        name: axis.name,
+        type: axis.type,
+    };
+    const orientation = axis.orientation;
+    if (orientation !== undefined && orientation !== null) {
+        record.orientation = {
+            type: orientation.type,
+            value: orientation.value,
+        };
+    }
+    return record;
+}
+/**
+ * Validate RFC 4 anatomical-orientation metadata on the spatial axes.
+ *
+ * This rule does not reimplement RFC 4; it wraps the package's existing
+ * logic -- {@link hasRfc4OrientationMetadata} and
+ * {@link validateRfc4Orientation} -- and surfaces its failures through the
+ * unified {@link ValidationError} channel. The parsed {@link Axis} objects are
+ * first rendered back to the record form those helpers expect (see
+ * {@link axisToValidationRecord}).
+ *
+ * Orientation is optional in RFC 4, so when no spatial axis carries it the rule
+ * is a no-op.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.AxisOrientationConsistentType}
+ * when the spatial axes' orientations do not all share one `type`, or
+ * {@link SpecRule.AxisOrientationCompleteness} when orientation is defined for
+ * some but not all spatial axes; location `multiscales[0].axes`. The original
+ * RFC 4 message text is preserved. Any other failure from
+ * {@link validateRfc4Orientation} -- e.g. an orientation value outside the
+ * RFC 4 vocabulary, a schema-level concern with no dedicated structural rule
+ * -- propagates unchanged.
+ */
+export function validateAxisOrientation(metadata) {
+    const axesRecords = metadata.axes.map(axisToValidationRecord);
+    if (!hasRfc4OrientationMetadata(axesRecords)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    try {
+        validateRfc4Orientation(axesRecords);
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        // validateRfc4Orientation throws exactly two messages this rule maps: a
+        // spatial-orientation "same type" mismatch and the all-or-none completeness
+        // failure. An out-of-vocabulary orientation value -- a schema-level concern
+        // with no dedicated structural rule -- carries neither marker and so
+        // propagates unchanged, matching the package's Python implementation.
+        //
+        // The "same type" / "all spatial axes" substrings below are a load-bearing
+        // contract with validateRfc4Orientation's message text: an unrecognized
+        // error falls through to the final `throw` and surfaces as a plain Error
+        // rather than a ValidationError. The message-stability test in
+        // structural_validation_orientation_test.ts pins both markers so editing
+        // that wording fails CI loudly instead of silently breaking this mapping.
+        const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+        if (message.includes("same type")) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisOrientationConsistentType, message, "multiscales[0].axes");
+        }
+        if (message.includes("all spatial axes")) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.AxisOrientationCompleteness, message, "multiscales[0].axes");
+        }
+        throw error;
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Render a string as Python's `repr()` renders it, for byte-identical messages.
+ *
+ * The plate/well rule messages interpolate row, column, and well-path strings
+ * the way the Python implementation does with `{value!r}`: a single-quoted
+ * literal, switching to double quotes only when the value contains a single
+ * quote but no double quote. Keeping this byte-for-byte identical to Python is a
+ * property the cross-language parity tests assert. Inputs reaching these rules
+ * are alphanumeric path segments, so this resolves to a plain single-quoted
+ * form in practice.
+ */
+function pyRepr(value) {
+    const quote = value.includes("'") && !value.includes('"') ? '"' : "'";
+    const escaped = value.replaceAll("\\", "\\\\").replaceAll(quote, `\\${quote}`);
+    return `${quote}${escaped}${quote}`;
+}
+/**
+ * Validate each plate well's recorded indices against its `path`.
+ *
+ * Every `PlateWell` records a `path` of the form `"<row>/<column>"` (e.g.
+ * `"B/03"`) alongside numeric `rowIndex` and `columnIndex` fields. OME-Zarr v0.4
+ * requires these to agree: the row segment must name an entry in `plate.rows`
+ * whose position equals `rowIndex`, and the column segment must name an entry in
+ * `plate.columns` whose position equals `columnIndex`. The first offending well,
+ * scanned in order, is reported.
+ *
+ * @param plate - The plate metadata whose wells are validated.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency} for
+ * the first well whose `path` is not `"<row>/<column>"`, whose row/column
+ * segment is absent from `plate.rows`/`plate.columns`, or whose recorded
+ * `rowIndex`/`columnIndex` disagrees with that segment's position; location
+ * `plate.wells[i]`.
+ */
+export function validatePlateWellIndexConsistency(plate) {
+    const rowIndexByName = new Map();
+    plate.rows.forEach((row, i) => rowIndexByName.set(row.name, i));
+    const columnIndexByName = new Map();
+    plate.columns.forEach((column, i) => columnIndexByName.set(column.name, i));
+    for (let i = 0; i < plate.wells.length; i++) {
+        const well = plate.wells[i];
+        const location = `plate.wells[${i}]`;
+        const parts = well.path.split("/");
+        if (parts.length !== 2) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency, `Well path ${pyRepr(well.path)} must have the form '<row>/<column>'.`, location);
+        }
+        const [rowName, columnName] = parts;
+        const expectedRow = rowIndexByName.get(rowName);
+        if (expectedRow === undefined) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency, `Well path ${pyRepr(well.path)} names row ${pyRepr(rowName)}, which ` +
+                `is not declared in plate.rows.`, location);
+        }
+        const expectedColumn = columnIndexByName.get(columnName);
+        if (expectedColumn === undefined) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency, `Well path ${pyRepr(well.path)} names column ${pyRepr(columnName)}, ` +
+                `which is not declared in plate.columns.`, location);
+        }
+        if (well.rowIndex !== expectedRow) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency, `Well ${pyRepr(well.path)} has rowIndex ${well.rowIndex}, but row ` +
+                `${pyRepr(rowName)} is at index ${expectedRow} in plate.rows.`, location);
+        }
+        if (well.columnIndex !== expectedColumn) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.PlateRowIndexConsistency, `Well ${pyRepr(well.path)} has columnIndex ${well.columnIndex}, but ` +
+                `column ${pyRepr(columnName)} is at index ${expectedColumn} in ` +
+                `plate.columns.`, location);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Validate that well images reference an acquisition when required.
+ *
+ * When a plate declares more than one acquisition, every image in each of its
+ * wells must carry an `acquisition` reference so the field can be attributed to
+ * a specific acquisition. Plates with zero or one acquisition impose no such
+ * requirement, so this rule is a no-op for them. The first image missing its
+ * reference, scanned in order, is reported.
+ *
+ * @param plate - The plate metadata declaring the acquisitions.
+ * @param well - The well metadata whose images are validated.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} With {@link SpecRule.WellAcquisitionMissing} for the
+ * first `WellImage` whose `acquisition` is absent while the plate declares
+ * multiple acquisitions; location `well.images[i].acquisition`.
+ */
+export function validateWellAcquisition(plate, well) {
+    const acquisitions = plate.acquisitions;
+    if (acquisitions === undefined || acquisitions.length <= 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < well.images.length; i++) {
+        const image = well.images[i];
+        if (image.acquisition === undefined || image.acquisition === null) {
+            throw new ValidationError(SpecRule.WellAcquisitionMissing, `Plate declares ${acquisitions.length} acquisitions, so well ` +
+                `image ${i} must reference one via 'acquisition'.`, `well.images[${i}].acquisition`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Run the structural image/multiscales rules in canonical specification order.
+ *
+ * Orchestrates the per-rule `validate*` functions in this module. It is
+ * fail-fast: the rules run in canonical specification-MUST order and the first
+ * {@link ValidationError} thrown propagates to the caller -- later rules do not
+ * run. The rules run in this order:
+ *
+ * 1. {@link validateAxisCount}
+ * 2. {@link validateAxisType}
+ * 3. {@link validateAxisOrder}
+ * 4. {@link validateSpatialAxisOrder}
+ * 5. {@link validatePerDatasetScaleCount}
+ * 6. {@link validateScaleLength}
+ * 7. {@link validateTransformOrder}
+ * 8. {@link validateDatasetOrder}
+ * 9. {@link validateOmeroColorHex}
+ * 10. {@link validateAxisOrientation}
+ *
+ * Under {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly} this function returns immediately
+ * without running any structural rule -- shape/schema validation is the
+ * separate concern of {@link validateMetadata}, which checks the raw
+ * attributes via Zod. The default level is {@link ValidationLevel.Strict}.
+ *
+ * This orchestrator covers the image/multiscales rules, including the RFC 4
+ * anatomical-orientation checks ({@link validateAxisOrientation}, a no-op when
+ * no axis declares orientation). The HCS plate/well structural rules operate on
+ * separate metadata objects and are dispatched by the companion
+ * {@link validatePlate} and {@link validateWell} entry points.
+ *
+ * @param metadata - The parsed OME-Zarr v0.4 multiscales metadata to validate.
+ * @param options - Validation options; defaults to
+ * `{ level: "strict", allowUnknownFields: true }`.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} For the first structural rule violated, carrying
+ * the offending {@link SpecRule} and `location`. Never thrown under
+ * {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly}, which runs no structural rule.
+ */
+export function validateStructural(metadata, options) {
+    const resolved = {
+        level: options?.level ?? ValidationLevel.Strict,
+        allowUnknownFields: options?.allowUnknownFields ?? true,
+    };
+    if (resolved.level === ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly) {
+        return;
+    }
+    validateAxisCount(metadata);
+    validateAxisType(metadata);
+    validateAxisOrder(metadata);
+    validateSpatialAxisOrder(metadata);
+    validatePerDatasetScaleCount(metadata);
+    validateScaleLength(metadata);
+    validateTransformOrder(metadata);
+    validateDatasetOrder(metadata);
+    validateOmeroColorHex(metadata);
+    validateAxisOrientation(metadata);
+}
+/**
+ * Run the structural HCS plate rules in canonical specification order.
+ *
+ * The plate-level counterpart to {@link validateStructural}: it orchestrates
+ * the structural rules that operate on a parsed {@link PlateMetadata}. Like its
+ * image/multiscales sibling it is fail-fast -- the first {@link ValidationError}
+ * thrown propagates to the caller and later rules do not run. The rules run in
+ * this order:
+ *
+ * 1. {@link validatePlateWellIndexConsistency}
+ *
+ * Per-well image rules (e.g. acquisition references) are the separate concern
+ * of {@link validateWell}, called where each well's own metadata is loaded.
+ *
+ * Under {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly} this function returns immediately
+ * without running any structural rule -- shape/schema validation is the
+ * separate concern of {@link validateMetadata}, which checks the raw attributes
+ * via Zod. The default level is {@link ValidationLevel.Strict}.
+ *
+ * @param plate - The parsed OME-Zarr v0.4 plate metadata to validate.
+ * @param options - Validation options; defaults to
+ * `{ level: "strict", allowUnknownFields: true }`.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} For the first structural plate rule violated,
+ * carrying the offending {@link SpecRule} and `location`. Never thrown under
+ * {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly}, which runs no structural rule.
+ */
+export function validatePlate(plate, options) {
+    const resolved = {
+        level: options?.level ?? ValidationLevel.Strict,
+        allowUnknownFields: options?.allowUnknownFields ?? true,
+    };
+    if (resolved.level === ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly) {
+        return;
+    }
+    validatePlateWellIndexConsistency(plate);
+}
+/**
+ * Run the structural HCS well rules in canonical specification order.
+ *
+ * Validates a single {@link WellMetadata} in the context of its parent
+ * {@link PlateMetadata} -- the plate's acquisition declarations govern whether
+ * each well image must reference an acquisition. Fail-fast, like
+ * {@link validateStructural} and {@link validatePlate}. The rules run in this
+ * order:
+ *
+ * 1. {@link validateWellAcquisition}
+ *
+ * Under {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly} this function returns immediately
+ * without running any structural rule -- shape/schema validation is the
+ * separate concern of {@link validateMetadata}, which checks the raw attributes
+ * via Zod. The default level is {@link ValidationLevel.Strict}.
+ *
+ * @param plate - The parsed plate metadata that owns `well`; supplies the
+ * acquisition context the well rules consult.
+ * @param well - The parsed well metadata to validate.
+ * @param options - Validation options; defaults to
+ * `{ level: "strict", allowUnknownFields: true }`.
+ * @throws {ValidationError} For the first structural well rule violated,
+ * carrying the offending {@link SpecRule} and `location`. Never thrown under
+ * {@link ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly}, which runs no structural rule.
+ */
+export function validateWell(plate, well, options) {
+    const resolved = {
+        level: options?.level ?? ValidationLevel.Strict,
+        allowUnknownFields: options?.allowUnknownFields ?? true,
+    };
+    if (resolved.level === ValidationLevel.SchemaOnly) {
+        return;
+    }
+    validateWellAcquisition(plate, well);
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=structural_validation.js.map