zenlish 0.1.17 → 0.1.18

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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 # CHANGELOG
 
+## [0.1.18] - 2019-11-26
+__Zenlish__ can parse all sentences in lesson 1, 2 and 3-A from
+ [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/).
+
+ ### Added
+ - Class `Coordinator` to represent the coordinating conjunctions `and`, `or`.
+
+ ### Changed
+ - Folder structure under `lib` and `spec`.
+ - File `zparser_spec.rb`: tests include all sentences from lesson 1, 2, and 3-A (235 sentences in total).
+ - `ZenlishGrammar`: new production rules added (especially for coordinators).
+ - File `dictionary.rb`: new entries in lexicon `and`, `belong`, `it`, `or`, `that`, `them`, `they`.
+ - File `README.md` Updated the metrics table
+
 ## [0.1.17] - 2019-11-25
 __Zenlish__ can parse all sentences in lesson 1 and 2-A..2-H from
  [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/).

data/README.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ users with a language that is close enough to English.
 ### Project status
 
 The project is still in inception. Currently, zenlish is able to parse all
-sentences from lessons 1-A up to 2-H. The parser is able to cope with syntactical
+sentences from lessons 1-A up to 3-A. The parser is able to cope with syntactical
 ambiguities generating parse forests instead of parse trees.
 
 The intent is to deliver gem versions in small increments.
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ Over time, the zenlish gem will contain:
 #### Some project metrics (v. 0.1.15)
 |Metric|Value|  
 |:-:|:-:|
-| Number of lemmas in dictionary        | 102  |
-| [Coverage 100 commonest English words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English)  | 45 |
-| Number of production rules in grammar | 137 |
-| Number of lessons covered             | 16  |
-| Number of sentences in spec files     | 207 |
+| Number of lemmas in dictionary        | 106  |
+| [Coverage 100 commonest English words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English)  | 53% |
+| Number of production rules in grammar | 148 |
+| Number of lessons covered             | 17  |
+| Number of sentences in spec files     | 235 |
 
 
 ## Installation...
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Litmus test: a Zenlish text should be easy to read to a English reading person.
 Here a tentative roadmap:
 
 #### A) Ability to parse sentences from [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/)
-*STARTED*. 16.7% complete  
+*STARTED*. 17.7% complete  
 This website advocates the idea of a multi-layered dictionary.
 At the core, there are about 300 essential words.  
 The choice of these words is inspired by the semantic primitives of [NSM

data/lib/zenlish/lang/dictionary.rb

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
       add_entry('a', 'IndefiniteArticle')
       add_entry('about', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('above', 'Preposition')
-      add_entry('after', 'Adverb')      
+      add_entry('after', 'Adverb')
       add_entry('after', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
       add_entry('alive', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('all', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
+      add_entry('and', 'Coordinator')
       add_entry('another', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('as', 'ComparativeParticle')
       add_entry('at', 'Preposition')
@@ -34,16 +35,17 @@ unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
       add_entry('because', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
       add_entry('before', 'Adverb')
       add_entry('before', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
-      add_entry('below', 'Preposition')      
+      add_entry('belong', 'RegularVerb')
+      add_entry('below', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('big', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('body', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('can', 'ModalVerbCan')
-      add_entry('die', 'RegularVerb')      
+      add_entry('die', 'RegularVerb')
       add_entry('do', 'AuxiliaryDo')
       add_entry('do', 'IrregularVerbDo')
       add_entry('false', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('far', 'Adverb')
-      add_entry('far from', 'Preposition')      
+      add_entry('far from', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('feel', 'IrregularLinkingVerb')
       add_entry('for', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('from', 'Preposition')
@@ -52,33 +54,36 @@ unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
       add_entry('happen', 'RegularVerb')
       add_entry('hear', 'IrregularVerb')
       add_entry('here', 'Adverb')
-      add_entry('here', 'CommonNoun') # from here (works as a pronoun of a place)     
+      add_entry('here', 'CommonNoun') # from here (works as a pronoun of a place)
       add_entry('I', 'PersonalPronoun')
       add_entry('if', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
       add_entry('in', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('inside', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('it', 'PersonalPronoun')
       add_entry('kind', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('know', 'IrregularVerbKnow')
       add_entry('like', 'Preposition')
-      add_entry('live', 'RegularVerb')      
+      add_entry('live', 'RegularVerb')
       add_entry('living', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('long', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('many', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
-      add_entry('maybe', 'AdverbMaybe')      
+      add_entry('maybe', 'AdverbMaybe')
       add_entry('me', 'PersonalPronoun')
-      add_entry('moment', 'CommonNoun')      
+      add_entry('moment', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('more', 'Adjective')
-      add_entry('more', 'Adverb')      
+      add_entry('more', 'Adverb')
       add_entry('move', 'RegularVerb')
-      add_entry('much', 'Adverb')      
-      add_entry('near', 'Preposition')      
+      add_entry('much', 'Adverb')
+      add_entry('near', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('near to', 'Preposition')
       add_entry('now', 'Adverb')
       add_entry('not', 'AdverbNot')
       add_entry('of', 'PrepositionOf')
       add_entry('on', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('one', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('one', 'Cardinal')
       add_entry('one', 'IndefinitePronoun')
+      add_entry('or', 'Coordinator')
       add_entry('other', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('part', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('people', 'CommonNoun')
@@ -91,12 +96,15 @@ unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
       add_entry('side', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('small', 'Adjective')
       add_entry('some', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
-      add_entry('someone', 'IndefinitePronoun')      
+      add_entry('someone', 'IndefinitePronoun')
       add_entry('something', 'IndefinitePronoun')
       add_entry('than', 'PrepositionThan')
+      add_entry('that', 'RelativePronoun')
       add_entry('the', 'DefiniteArticle')
+      add_entry('them', 'PersonalPronoun')
       add_entry('then', 'LinkingAdverb')
       add_entry('there', 'ExistentialThere')
+      add_entry('they', 'PersonalPronoun')
       add_entry('thing', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('think', 'IrregularVerbThink')
       add_entry('this', 'DemonstrativeDeterminer')
@@ -110,9 +118,9 @@ unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
       add_entry('two', 'IndefinitePronoun')
       add_entry('very', 'DegreeAdverb')
       add_entry('want', 'RegularVerbWant')
-      add_entry('what','ConjunctivePronoun')      
-      add_entry('when','SubordinatingConjunction')        
-      add_entry('who','RelativePronoun')      
+      add_entry('what','ConjunctivePronoun')
+      add_entry('when','SubordinatingConjunction')
+      add_entry('who','RelativePronoun')
       add_entry('with','Preposition')
       add_entry('word', 'CommonNoun')
       add_entry('you', 'PersonalPronoun')

data/lib/zenlish/lang/zenlish_grammar.rb

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'negated_predicate_sentence' => 'conjunctive_prefix IrregularVerbBe AdverbNot predicative_complement'
   rule 'predicative_complement' => 'noun_phrase'
   rule 'predicative_complement' => 'adjective_phrase comparative_clause_opt'
+  # 3-02d J is one that does this.
+  rule 'predicative_complement' => 'adjective_phrase relative_clause_opt'
   # 2-28b X is alive before this moment.
   rule 'predicative_complement' => 'adjective_phrase adverb_phrase noun_phrase'
   # X is far from the start.
@@ -71,9 +73,15 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   #################
   # Case of dropped ´that´ conjunction
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause comma_opt subordinated_clause'
+  rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause comma_opt relative_clause'
+  rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause comma_opt coordinate_clause'
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'subordinated_clause Comma main_clause'
+  # 3-03b If J is not true, then K is true.
+  rule 'complex_sentence' => 'subordinated_clause Comma LinkingAdverb main_clause'
   # CGE 287d: verb + direct object + infinitive clause (without to)
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause infinitive_clause'
+  # Colon used to introduce an explanatory sentence.
+  rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause Colon simple_sentence'
   rule 'comma_opt' => 'Comma'
   rule 'comma_opt' => []
 
@@ -96,25 +104,31 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'comparative_start' => 'ComparativeParticle'
   rule 'conjunctive_prefix' => 'ConjunctivePronoun noun_phrase verb_phrase'
   rule 'identifying_clause' => 'RelativePronoun verb_phrase'
+  rule 'relative_clause_opt' =>  'relative_clause'
+  rule 'relative_clause_opt' => []
+  rule 'relative_clause' => 'RelativePronoun tense_phrase'
+  rule 'relative_clause' => 'identifying_clause'
+  rule 'coordinate_clause' => 'Coordinator simple_sentence'
 
 
   ##############
   # TENSE PHRASE
   ##############
   rule 'tense_phrase' => 'noun_phrase tense_opt verb_phrase'
-  rule 'negative_tense_phrase' => 'noun_phrase tense AdverbNot verb_phrase'  
+  rule 'negative_tense_phrase' => 'noun_phrase tense AdverbNot verb_phrase'
   rule 'tense_opt' => 'tense'
   rule 'tense_opt' => []
   rule 'tense' => 'AuxiliaryBe'
-  rule 'tense' => 'AuxiliaryDo'  
+  rule 'tense' => 'AuxiliaryDo'
   rule 'tense' => 'ModalVerbCan'
-  
+
   #############
   # NOUN PHRASE
   #############
   rule 'noun_phrase_opt' => 'noun_phrase'
   rule 'noun_phrase_opt' => []
   rule 'noun_phrase' => 'pre_head_np head_np post_head_np'
+  rule 'noun_phrase' => 'noun_phrase Coordinator noun_phrase'
     # someone, somebody, something, somewhere; no one, nobody, nothing,
     # nowhere; anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere; everyone, everybody,
     # everything, everywhere, the attributive adjective phrase occurs as a postmodifier
@@ -123,7 +137,7 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'head_np' => 'ProperNoun'
   rule 'head_np' => 'PersonalPronoun'
   rule 'head_np' => 'DemonstrativePronoun'
-  rule 'head_np' => 'IndefinitePronoun'  
+  rule 'head_np' => 'IndefinitePronoun'
   # rule 'head_np' => 'Cardinal' # ... as indefinite pronoun in complement "There were three pies. I ate one."
   rule 'post_head_np' => 'adjective_phrase_opt prepositional_phrases clause_noun_opt'
   rule 'clause_noun_opt' => 'clause_noun'
@@ -164,7 +178,7 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   #############
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'pre_head_vp head_vp post_head_vp'
   # Rule specific to linking/copular verbs (CEG 288b). Example: I feel very bad.
-  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'pre_head_vp linking_verb adjective_phrase'  
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'pre_head_vp linking_verb adjective_phrase'
   rule 'pre_head_vp' => 'adverb_phrase_opt'
   rule 'head_vp' => 'lexical_verb'
   rule 'head_vp' => 'IrregularVerbSay direct_speech'
@@ -173,13 +187,13 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   # Cover case where ´that´ conjunction is dropped.
   rule 'head_vp' => 'mental_verb dependent_clause'
   # ex. 2-23c
-  rule 'head_vp' => 'mental_verb identifying_clause'  
+  rule 'head_vp' => 'mental_verb identifying_clause'
 
   rule 'post_head_vp' => 'noun_phrase_opt adverb_phrase_opt prepositional_phrases adverb_phrase_opt'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'RegularVerb'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'RegularVerbWant'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerb'
-  rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularLinkingVerb'  
+  rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularLinkingVerb'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbBe'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbDo'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbHave'

data/lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon_factory.rb

@@ -17,22 +17,23 @@ module Zenlish
       def add_word_classes(aLexicon)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::Adjective.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::Adverb.new.freeze)
-        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::AdverbMaybe.new.freeze)        
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::AdverbMaybe.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::AdverbNot.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::AuxiliaryBe.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::AuxiliaryDo.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::Cardinal.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::CommonNoun.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::ComparativeParticle.new.freeze)
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::Coordinator.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::DefiniteArticle.new.freeze)
-        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::ExistentialThere.new.freeze)        
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::ExistentialThere.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IndefiniteArticle.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::DegreeAdverb.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::DemonstrativeDeterminer.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::ConjunctivePronoun.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::DemonstrativePronoun.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IndefinitePronoun.new.freeze)
-        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularLinkingVerb.new.freeze)        
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularLinkingVerb.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerb.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbBe.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbDo.new.freeze)

data/lib/zenlish/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Zenlish
-  VERSION = '0.1.17'
+  VERSION = '0.1.18'
 end

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/all_word_classes.rb

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ require_relative 'auxiliary_do'
 require_relative 'cardinal'
 require_relative 'comparative_particle'
 require_relative 'common_noun'
+require_relative 'coordinator'
 require_relative 'degree_adverb'
 require_relative 'definite_article'
 require_relative 'existential_there'

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/coordinator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require_relative 'conjunction'
+
+module Zenlish
+  module WClasses
+    # A coordinator (aka coordinating conjunction) is a word or phrase that 
+    # can join words, phrases, and clauses that share some logical relationhip
+    # Common coordinators are enumerated in the FANBOYS acronym:
+    # For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet and So.
+    class Coordinator < WordClass
+    end # class
+  end # module
+end # module

data/spec/zenlish/parser/zparser_spec.rb

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('alive', 'alive')
       literal2var('all', 'all')
       def am ; Lex::Literal.new('am', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
+      literal2var('and', 'and', '_')
       literal2var('another', 'another')
       def are ;     Lex::Literal.new('are', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
       literal2var('as', 'as')
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('because', 'because')
       def before_adverb ; Lex::Literal.new('before', get_lexeme('before', WClasses::Adverb), 0) ; end
       def before ; Lex::Literal.new('before', get_lexeme('before', WClasses::SubordinatingConjunction), 0) ; end
+      literal2var('belong', 'belongs')
       literal2var('below', 'below')
       literal2var('big', 'big')
       literal2var('big', 'bigger')
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('happen', 'happens')
       literal2var('have', 'has')
       literal2var('have', 'have')
+      literal2var('hear', 'heard')
       literal2var('hear', 'hears')
       def here ;     Lex::Literal.new('here', get_lexeme('here', WClasses::Adverb), 0) ; end
       def here_as_noun ;  Lex::Literal.new('here', get_lexeme('here', WClasses::CommonNoun), 0) ; end
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('if', 'if', '_')
       literal2var('in', 'in', '_')
       literal2var('inside', 'inside')
+      literal2var('it', 'it', '_')
       literal2var('J', 'j', '_')
       def is ;     Lex::Literal.new('is', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
       def is_aux ; Lex::Literal.new('is', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::AuxiliaryBe), 0) ; end
@@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ module Zenlish
       def more_as_adverb ; Lex::Literal.new('more', get_lexeme('more', WClasses::Adverb), 0) ; end
       literal2var('move', 'move')
       literal2var('move', 'moved')
-      literal2var('move', 'moving')      
+      literal2var('move', 'moving')
       literal2var('move', 'moves')
       literal2var('much', 'much')
       literal2var('near', 'near')
@@ -112,7 +116,9 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('of', 'of')
       literal2var('on', 'on')
       def one ; Lex::Literal.new('one', get_lexeme('one', WClasses::Cardinal), 0) ; end
+      def one_as_adj ; Lex::Literal.new('one', get_lexeme('one', WClasses::Adjective), 0) ; end
       def one_as_pronoun ; Lex::Literal.new('one', get_lexeme('one', WClasses::IndefinitePronoun), 0) ; end
+      literal2var('or', 'or', '_')
       literal2var('other', 'other')
       literal2var('part', 'part')
       literal2var('part', 'parts')
@@ -120,6 +126,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('person', 'person')
       literal2var('place', 'place')
       literal2var('same', 'same')
+      literal2var('see', 'saw')
       literal2var('short', 'short')
       literal2var('side', 'side')
       literal2var('small', 'small')
@@ -132,8 +139,11 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('someone', 'someone')
       literal2var('something', 'something')
       literal2var('the', 'the')
+      literal2var('them', 'them')
       literal2var('then', 'then', '_')
+      literal2var('they', 'they')
       literal2var('than', 'than')
+      literal2var('that', 'that')
       literal2var('there', 'there')
       literal2var('thing', 'thing')
       literal2var('thing', 'things')
@@ -149,6 +159,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('to', 'to')
       literal2var('Tony', 'Tony')
       literal2var('touch', 'touch')
+      literal2var('touch', 'touched')
       literal2var('touch', 'touching')
       literal2var('true', 'true', '_')
       def two ; Lex::Literal.new('two', get_lexeme('two', WClasses::Cardinal), 0) ; end
@@ -963,7 +974,7 @@ module Zenlish
 
           # Sentence 2-29a definiendum "You think maybe X is true."
           literals = [you, think, maybe, x_as_noun, is, true_, dot]
-          expect { subject.to_ptree(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
 
           # Sentence 2-29b definiens "You think something like X
           # can be true. You do not know X is true.
@@ -978,7 +989,7 @@ module Zenlish
           # Sentence 2-30a definiendum "J is below K."
           literals = [j_, is, below, k_, dot]
           expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
-          
+
           # Sentence 2-30b definiens "K is above J.
           # [I am touching this thing below me.]
           literals = [  j_, is, below, k_, dot,
@@ -992,7 +1003,105 @@ module Zenlish
           literals = [ someone, sees, thing, dot,
             the, body, of, this, thing, is_aux, not_, moving, dot
           ]
-          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error             
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        it 'should parse sample sentences from lesson 3-A' do
+          # Sentence 3-01a definiendum: 'J happens to something that does K.'
+          literals = [j_, happens, to, something, that, does, k_, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-01b definiens: 'J happens to something.
+          #   This same something does K.
+          #   [Tony has something that Lisa wants.]'
+          literals = [j_, happens, to, something, dot,
+            this, same, thing, does, k_, dot,
+            tony, has, something, that, lisa, wants, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-02a definiendum: 'J is true, and K is true.'
+          literals = [j_, is, true_, comma, and_, k_, is, true_, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-02b definiens: 'These two things are true: J is true.
+          #   K is true.'
+          #   [Lisa sees Tony, and Tony sees Lisa.]'
+          literals = [these, two, things, are, true_, colon, j_, is, true_, dot,
+            k_, is, true_, dot,
+            lisa, sees, tony, comma, and_, tony, sees, lisa, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-02c definiendum: 'J and K do X.'
+          literals = [j_, and_, k_, do_, x_as_noun, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-02d definiens: 'These two things do X.
+          #   J is one that does this.
+          #   K is another that does this.'
+          #   [Tony and Lisa want to see me.]
+          #   [I see Tony and Lisa.]'
+          literals = [these, two, things, do_, x_as_noun, dot,
+            j_, is, one_as_adj, that, does, this_as_pronoun, dot,
+            k_, is, another, that, does, this_as_pronoun, dot,
+            tony, and_, lisa, want, to, see, me, dot,
+            i_pronoun, see, tony, and_, lisa, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-03a definiendum: 'J is true, or K is true.'
+          literals = [j_, is, true_, comma, or_, k_, is, true_, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-03b definiens: 'If J is not true, then K is true.
+          # [Tony saw me, or Lisa heard me.]
+          literals = [if_, j_, is, not_, true_, comma,
+              then_, k_, is, true_, dot,
+            tony, saw, me, comma, or_, lisa, heard, me, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-03c definiendum: 'J or K does this.'
+          literals = [j_, or_, k_, does, this_as_pronoun, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-03d definiendum: 'If J does not do this, then K does this.'
+          literals = [if_, j_, does_aux, not_, do_, this_as_pronoun, comma,
+            then_, k_, does, this_as_pronoun, dot]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-03e: '[Lisa or Tony said something.]
+          # [This belongs to Tony or Lisa.]'
+          literals = [lisa, or_, tony, said, something, dot,
+            this_as_pronoun, belongs, to, tony, or_, lisa, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-04a definiendum: 'It does something.'
+          literals = [it_, does, something, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-04b definiens: 'This thing does something.'
+          # [I touched this thing, and it moved.]
+          literals = [this, thing, does, something, dot,
+            i_pronoun, touched, this, thing, comma, and_, it_, moved, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-04c definiendum: 'They do something.'
+          literals = [they, does, something, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 3-04d definiens: 'These things or people do something.'
+          # [Something happens to them.] = Something happens to these things or people.
+          literals = [ these, things, or_, people, do_, something, dot,
+            something, happens, to, them, dot,
+            something, happens, to, these, things, or_, people, dot
+          ]
+          expect { subject.to_pforest(literals) }.not_to raise_error
         end
 =begin
 TODO

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: zenlish
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.1.17
+  version: 0.1.18
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Dimitri Geshef
 autorequire: 
 bindir: exe
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2019-11-25 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2019-11-26 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rley
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ files:
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/comparative_particle.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/conjunction.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/conjunctive_pronoun.rb
+- lib/zenlish/wclasses/coordinator.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/definite_article.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/degree_adverb.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/demonstrative_determiner.rb