zenlish 0.1.13 → 0.1.14

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # CHANGELOG
 
+## [0.1.14] - 2019-11-01
+__Zenlish__ can parse all sentences in lesson 1 and 2-A..2-F from
+ [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/).
+
+ ### Added
+ - Class `IrregularVerbKnow` to represent the verb `know`.
+ - Class `IrregularVerbThink` to represent the verb `think`.
+ - Class `PersonalPronoun` to represent the pronouns `I`, `you`.
+
+ ### Changed
+ - Folder structure under `lib` and `spec`.
+ - File `zparser_spec.rb`: tests include all sentences from lesson 2-E (136 sentences in total).
+ - `ZenlishGrammar`: new production rules for multiple sentence parsing, personal pronouns and dependent clauses without conjunctions.
+ - File `dictionary.rb`: new entries in lexicon `I`, `me`, `you`, `here`, `now`.
+ - File `README.md` Reshuffled sections, added one code snippet, updated the metrics table
+
 ## [0.1.13] - 2019-10-28
 __Zenlish__ can parse all sentences in lesson 1 and 2-A..2-E from
  [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/).

data/README.md

@@ -1,139 +1,181 @@
-# Zenlish
-[![Linux build Status](https://travis-ci.org/famished-tiger/Zenlish.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/famished-tiger/Zenlish)
-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/bef59whiacuv51yn?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/famished-tiger/zenlish)
-[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/zenlish.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/zenlish)
-[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
-### What is __Zenlish__ ?  
-
-Zenlish = Zen + English  
-
-__Zenlish__ will be a Controlled Natural Language based on English.  
-A [Controlled Natural Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_natural_language)
-is a subset of a natural language -here English- limited to specific problem domains.
-
-The goal of this project is to implement a toolkit for a subset of the English language.
-
-
-### Design of Zenlish language
-#### Minimalism
-The name of the language is a combination of 'Zen' and 'English'.  
-It reflects a desire to make Zenlish a simple language:  
-- The focus is put on a simplified syntax,
-- A limited lexicon. Priority on most commonly used words.
-
-
-#### Expressiveness
-Zenlish should be rich enough to express ideas, facts in a fluid way (vs. contrived, artificial way).
-Litmus test: a Zenlish text should be easy to read to a English reading person.
-
-### Zenlish as a library (gem)
-Over time, the zenlish gem will contain:
-- A tokenizer (tagging, lemmatizer)[TODO]
-- A lexicon [STARTED]
-- A context-free grammar [STARTED]
-- A parser [STARTED]
-- Feature unification (for number, gender agreement)[TODO]
-- A simplified ontology[TODO]
-
-
-### What is the purpose of __Zenlish__ ?
-With __Zenlish__ it should be possible for a Ruby application to interact with
-users with a language that is close enough to English.
-
-### Project status
-
-The project is still in inception. Currently, zenlish is able to parse all
-sentences of the first lesson.
-
-The intent is to deliver gem versions in small increments.
-
-#### Some project metrics (v. 0.1.13)
-|Metric|Value|  
-|:-:|:-:|
-| Number of lemmas in lexicon           | 77  |
-| [Coverage 100 commonest English words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English)  | 39 |
-| Number of production rules in grammar | 103 |
-| Number of lessons covered             | 13  |
-| Number of sentences in spec files     | 118 |
-
-
-### Roadmap
-
-Here a tentative roadmap:
-
-#### A) Ability to parse sentences from [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/)
-*STARTED*. 14% complete  
-This website advocates the idea of a multi-layered dictionary.
-At the core, there are about 300 essential words.  
-The choice of these words is inspired by the semantic primitives of [NSM
-(Natural Semantic Metalanguage)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_semantic_metalanguage).  
-The essential words are introduced in twelve lessons. Each lesson put the words
-in exemplar sentences and pictures.
-
-The milestone sub-goals are:
-- To inject the 300 core words into Zenlish lexicon,
-- Zenlish should be able to parse all the example sentences
-
-#### B) Associate lexical features to terms in lexicon
-The sub-goals are:
-- To enrich the lexicon entries with lexical and syntactical features.
-- Zenlish should be able to derive the declensions of nouns, conjugation of verbs,
-- Also Zenlish should detect agreement errors
-- Ideally, Zenlish should have a lemmatizer
-
-#### C) Enrich lexicon entries with semantical features and relationships
-The sub-goals are:
-- To enrich the lexicon entries with lexical and syntactical features.
-- Zenlish should be able to derive the declensions of nouns, conjugation of verbs,
-- Also Zenlish should detect agreement errors
-
-#### D) Build a generic ontology and map Zenlish text to it.
-The sub-goals are:
-- To have a simplified ontology that covers the concepts covered in the lesson sentences.
-- Hopefully Zenlish should be answer to queries related to the lesson sentences.
-
-#### E) Capability to parse a complete book
-A good candidate book is "The Edge of the Sky" by Roberto Trotta (ISBN 978-0-465-04471-9 : hardcover, ISBN 978-0-465-04490-0 : ebook).  
-Professor Trotta challenged himself by writing a book on Cosmology with the 1000 most used words. More details [here](http://robertotrotta.com/the-edge-of-the-sky/).
-
-In order to achieve this goal, Zenlish should:
-- Incorporate the 1000 words in its lexicon
-- Have a grammar that allows the parsing of the sentences in the book.
-
-#### F) Capability to interpret the meaning of a complete book
-Probably, far-fetched. But it will be nice to launch query to Zenlish to check if
-it has some understanding of the text it reads (i.e. has a semantic representation).
-
-
-
-## Installation
-
-Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
-
-```ruby
-gem 'zenlish'
-```
-
-And then execute:
-
-    $ bundle
-
-Or install it yourself as:
-
-    $ gem install zenlish
-
-## Usage
-
-TODO: Write usage instructions here
-
-## Contributing
-
-Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish. This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the [Contributor Covenant](http://contributor-covenant.org) code of conduct.
-
-## License
-
-The gem is available as open source under the terms of the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
-
-## Code of Conduct
-
-Everyone interacting in the Zenlish project’s codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms and mailing lists is expected to follow the [code of conduct](https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
+# Zenlish
+[![Linux build Status](https://travis-ci.org/famished-tiger/Zenlish.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/famished-tiger/Zenlish)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/bef59whiacuv51yn?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/famished-tiger/zenlish)
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/zenlish.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/zenlish)
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
+### What is __Zenlish__ ?  
+
+Zenlish = Zen + English  
+
+__Zenlish__ will be a Controlled Natural Language based on English.  
+A [Controlled Natural Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_natural_language)
+is a subset of a natural language -here English- limited to specific problem domains.
+
+
+### What is the purpose of __Zenlish__ ?
+The goal of this project is to implement a toolkit for a subset of the English language.
+With __Zenlish__ it should be possible for a Ruby application to interact with
+users with a language that is close enough to English.
+
+### Project status
+
+The project is still in inception. Currently, zenlish is able to parse all
+sentences of the first lesson.
+
+The intent is to deliver gem versions in small increments.
+
+#### Zenlish as a library (gem)
+Over time, the zenlish gem will contain:
+- A tokenizer (tagging, lemmatizer)[TODO]
+- A lexicon [STARTED]
+- A context-free grammar [STARTED]
+- A parser [STARTED]
+- Feature unification (for number, gender agreement)[TODO]
+- A simplified ontology[TODO]
+
+
+#### Some project metrics (v. 0.1.14)
+|Metric|Value|  
+|:-:|:-:|
+| Number of lemmas in dictionary        | 80  |
+| [Coverage 100 commonest English words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English)  | 43 |
+| Number of production rules in grammar | 116 |
+| Number of lessons covered             | 14  |
+| Number of sentences in spec files     | 136 |
+
+
+## Installation...
+### ...with Rubygem
+Install the gem yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install zenlish
+
+### ...with Bundler
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'zenlish'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+
+### Some code snippets
+
+#### Interacting with the dictionary:
+```ruby
+require 'zenlish'
+
+# Retrieving a "word" (more precisely, a lexeme) from the dictionary.
+lexeme = Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary.get_lexeme('move')
+
+# What is the Ruby class of a lexeme?
+p lexeme.class # => Zenlish::Lex::Lexeme
+
+# What is the word class of verb 'move'?
+p lexeme.wclass.class # => Zenlish::WClasses::RegularVerb
+
+# Here is some Zenlish text to analyze:
+some_text = 'one person can move to the same place.'
+p some_text
+
+some_text.scan(/(?:\w+)|[\.,:"]/).each do |entry|
+  lexeme = Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary.get_lexeme(entry)
+  p lexeme.wclass.class
+end
+
+# Loop result should be:
+# Zenlish::WClasses::Cardinal
+# Zenlish::WClasses::CommonNoun
+# Zenlish::WClasses::ModalVerbCan
+# Zenlish::WClasses::RegularVerb
+# Zenlish::WClasses::Preposition
+# Zenlish::WClasses::DefiniteArticle
+# Zenlish::WClasses::Adjective
+# Zenlish::WClasses::CommonNoun
+# Rley::Syntax::Terminal
+```
+
+More to come...
+
+## Principles behind the Zenlish language
+
+
+#### Minimalism
+The name of the language is a combination of 'Zen' and 'English'.  
+It reflects a desire to make Zenlish a simple language:  
+- The focus is put on a simplified syntax,
+- A limited lexicon. Priority on most commonly used words.
+
+
+#### Expressiveness
+Zenlish should be rich enough to express ideas, facts in a fluid way (vs. contrived, artificial way).
+Litmus test: a Zenlish text should be easy to read to a English reading person.
+
+
+## Roadmap
+
+Here a tentative roadmap:
+
+#### A) Ability to parse sentences from [Learn These Words First](http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/)
+*STARTED*. 14.5% complete  
+This website advocates the idea of a multi-layered dictionary.
+At the core, there are about 300 essential words.  
+The choice of these words is inspired by the semantic primitives of [NSM
+(Natural Semantic Metalanguage)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_semantic_metalanguage).  
+The essential words are introduced in twelve lessons. Each lesson put the words
+in exemplar sentences and pictures.
+
+The milestone sub-goals are:
+- To inject the 300 core words into Zenlish lexicon,
+- Zenlish should be able to parse all the example sentences
+
+#### B) Associate lexical features to terms in lexicon
+The sub-goals are:
+- To enrich the lexicon entries with lexical and syntactical features.
+- Zenlish should be able to derive the declensions of nouns, conjugation of verbs,
+- Also Zenlish should detect agreement errors
+- Ideally, Zenlish should have a lemmatizer
+
+#### C) Enrich lexicon entries with semantical features and relationships
+The sub-goals are:
+- To enrich the lexicon entries with lexical and syntactical features.
+- Zenlish should be able to derive the declensions of nouns, conjugation of verbs,
+- Also Zenlish should detect agreement errors
+
+#### D) Build a generic ontology and map Zenlish text to it.
+The sub-goals are:
+- To have a simplified ontology that covers the concepts covered in the lesson sentences.
+- Hopefully Zenlish should be answer to queries related to the lesson sentences.
+
+#### E) Capability to parse a complete book
+A good candidate book is "The Edge of the Sky" by Roberto Trotta (ISBN 978-0-465-04471-9 : hardcover, ISBN 978-0-465-04490-0 : ebook).  
+Professor Trotta challenged himself by writing a book on Cosmology with the 1000 most used words. More details [here](http://robertotrotta.com/the-edge-of-the-sky/).
+
+In order to achieve this goal, Zenlish should:
+- Incorporate the 1000 words in its lexicon
+- Have a grammar that allows the parsing of the sentences in the book.
+
+#### F) Capability to interpret the meaning of a complete book
+Probably, far-fetched. But it will be nice to launch query to Zenlish to check if
+it has some understanding of the text it reads (i.e. has a semantic representation).
+
+
+
+## Usage
+
+TODO: Write usage instructions here
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish. This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the [Contributor Covenant](http://contributor-covenant.org) code of conduct.
+
+## License
+
+The gem is available as open source under the terms of the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+Everyone interacting in the Zenlish project’s codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms and mailing lists is expected to follow the [code of conduct](https://github.com/famished-tiger/Zenlish/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).

data/lib/zenlish/lang/dictionary.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+unless defined?(Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary)
+  module Zenlish
+    module Lang
+      require_relative '../lex/empty_lexicon_factory'
+      require_relative '../lex/lexical_entry'
+      require_relative '../lex/lexeme'
+
+      sandbox = Object.new
+      sandbox.extend(Zenlish::Lex::EmptyLexiconFactory)
+      Dictionary = sandbox.create_empty_lexicon
+
+      def self.add_entry(aLemma, aWClassName)
+        entry = Zenlish::Lex::LexicalEntry.new(aLemma)
+        wclass = Dictionary.name2terminal[aWClassName]
+        raise StandardError, "Undefined word class for '#{aLemma}'" unless wclass
+        lexeme = Zenlish::Lex::Lexeme.new(wclass, entry).freeze
+        Dictionary.add_entry(entry.freeze)
+      end
+
+      # Our minimalistic lexicon
+      add_entry('a', 'IndefiniteArticle')
+      add_entry('about', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('above', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('alive', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('all', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
+      add_entry('another', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('as', 'ComparativeParticle')
+      add_entry('at', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('bad', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('be', 'AuxiliaryBe')
+      add_entry('be', 'IrregularVerbBe')
+      add_entry('because', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
+      add_entry('before', 'Adverb')
+      add_entry('before', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
+      add_entry('big', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('can', 'ModalVerbCan')
+      add_entry('do', 'AuxiliaryDo')
+      add_entry('do', 'IrregularVerbDo')
+      add_entry('false', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('far', 'Adverb')
+      add_entry('feel', 'IrregularVerb')
+      add_entry('for', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('from', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('good', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('have', 'IrregularVerbHave')
+      add_entry('happen', 'RegularVerb')
+      add_entry('hear', 'IrregularVerb')
+      add_entry('here', 'Adverb')
+      add_entry('I', 'PersonalPronoun')
+      add_entry('if', 'SubordinatingConjunction')
+      add_entry('in', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('inside', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('kind', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('know', 'IrregularVerbKnow')
+      add_entry('like', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('living', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('long', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('many', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
+      add_entry('me', 'PersonalPronoun')
+      add_entry('more', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('move', 'RegularVerb')
+      add_entry('near to', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('now', 'Adverb')
+      add_entry('not', 'AdverbNot')
+      add_entry('of', 'PrepositionOf')
+      add_entry('on', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('one', 'Cardinal')
+      add_entry('other', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('part', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('people', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('person', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('place', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('same', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('say', 'IrregularVerbSay')
+      add_entry('see', 'IrregularVerb')
+      add_entry('short', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('side', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('small', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('some', 'IndefiniteQuantifier')
+      add_entry('something', 'IndefinitePronoun')
+      add_entry('than', 'PrepositionThan')
+      add_entry('the', 'DefiniteArticle')
+      add_entry('then', 'LinkingAdverb')
+      add_entry('there', 'AdverbThere')
+      add_entry('thing', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('think', 'IrregularVerbThink')
+      add_entry('this', 'DemonstrativeDeterminer')
+      add_entry('this', 'DemonstrativePronoun')
+      add_entry('this one', 'DemonstrativePronoun')
+      add_entry('time', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('to', 'Preposition')
+      add_entry('touch', 'RegularVerb')
+      add_entry('true', 'Adjective')
+      add_entry('two', 'Cardinal')
+      add_entry('very', 'DegreeAdverb')
+      add_entry('want', 'RegularVerbWant')
+      add_entry('what','ConjunctivePronoun')
+      add_entry('with','Preposition')
+      add_entry('word', 'CommonNoun')
+      add_entry('you', 'PersonalPronoun')
+
+      # Punctuation signs...
+      add_entry(':', 'Colon')
+      add_entry(',', 'Comma')
+      add_entry('.', 'Period')
+      add_entry('"', 'Quote')
+    end # module
+  end # module
+end # defined?

data/lib/zenlish/{parser → lang}/zenlish_grammar.rb

@@ -2,17 +2,25 @@
 # It is called Zenlish
 
 require 'rley' # Load the Rley parsing library
-require_relative '../lex/empty_lexicon'
+require_relative 'dictionary'
 
 ########################################
 # Define a grammar for a highly English-like language
 builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
-  add_terminals(*$ZenlishLexicon.terminals)
+  add_terminals(*Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary.terminals)
+
+  rule 'zenlish' => 'prose'
+
+  # Temporary limitation: from 1 to 3 sentences
+  rule 'prose' => 'sentence'
+  rule 'prose' => 'sentence sentence'
+  rule 'prose' => 'sentence sentence sentence'
 
-  rule 'language' => 'sentence'
   rule 'sentence' => 'simple_sentence Period'
   rule 'sentence' => 'complex_sentence Period'
   rule 'simple_sentence' => 'declarative_simple_sentence'
+
+  # Case of dropped ´that´ conjunction
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause subordination_marker dependent_clause'
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'main_clause Comma subordination_marker dependent_clause'
   rule 'complex_sentence' => 'subordination_marker dependent_clause Comma main_clause'
@@ -46,6 +54,10 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'determiner nominal'
   rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'numeral nominal'
   rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'determiner numeral nominal'
+  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'ProperNoun'
+  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'PersonalPronoun'
+  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'IndefinitePronoun'
+  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'IndefinitePronoun Adjective'
   rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'simple_noun_phrase simple_noun_phrase verb_phrase'
 
   # Case: (all|many|some) one of (this|these)
@@ -53,11 +65,6 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
 
   # CGE p.359, 360: <numeral> of + definite noun phrase
   rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'numeral_of noun_phrase'
-  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'ProperNoun'
-  # rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'DemonstrativePronoun'
-  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'IndefinitePronoun'
-  rule 'simple_noun_phrase' => 'IndefinitePronoun Adjective'
-
 
   rule 'compound_noun_phrase' => 'simple_noun_phrase propositional_phrase'
   rule 'compound_noun_phrase' => 'simple_noun_phrase comparative_clause'
@@ -79,21 +86,31 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'RegularVerb propositional_phrase'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'RegularVerbWant Preposition verb_group'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'RegularVerbWant Preposition verb_group noun_phrase'
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'RegularVerbWant simple_noun_phrase Preposition verb_group noun_phrase'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbDo DemonstrativePronoun'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbDo DemonstrativePronoun propositional_phrase'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'ModalVerbCan verb_group DemonstrativePronoun'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbBe verb_be_complement'
+
+  # Cover case where ´that´ conjunction is dropped.
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'mental_verb dependent_clause'
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbSay DemonstrativePronoun Preposition noun_phrase'
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbSay Colon affirmative_sentence'
   rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbSay Colon Quote affirmative_sentence Period Quote'
+  rule 'verb_phrase' => 'IrregularVerbSay Preposition noun_phrase Colon Quote affirmative_sentence Period Quote'
+  rule 'mental_verb' => 'IrregularVerbKnow'
+  rule 'mental_verb' => 'IrregularVerbThink'
   rule 'verb_complement' => 'noun_phrase'
+  rule 'verb_complement' => 'adverb_phrase'
+  rule 'verb_complement' => 'noun_phrase adverb_phrase'
+
   # perception verb (hear, see, watch, notice, ...): verb + object + infinitive
   rule 'verb_complement' => 'simple_noun_phrase lexical_verb'
   rule 'verb_complement' => 'Adjective propositional_phrase'
-  rule 'verb_complement' => 'noun_phrase IrregularVerbBe verb_be_complement'
-  rule 'verb_complement' => 'adverb_phrase'
-  rule 'verb_complement' => 'noun_phrase adverb_phrase'
   rule 'verb_be_complement' => 'noun_phrase'
   rule 'verb_be_complement' => 'adjective_as_complement'  # Specific to be as lexical verb
   rule 'verb_be_complement' => 'propositional_phrase'
+  rule 'verb_be_complement' => 'noun_phrase adverb_phrase'
   rule 'adjective_as_complement' => 'DegreeAdverb Adjective'
   rule 'adjective_as_complement' => 'Adjective'
   rule 'adjective_as_complement' => 'Adjective comparative_clause'
@@ -110,6 +127,8 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbBe'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbDo'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbHave'
+  rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbKnow'
+  rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbThink'
   rule 'lexical_verb' => 'IrregularVerbSay'
   rule 'numeral' => 'Cardinal'
   rule 'comparative_clause' => 'comparative_start noun_phrase'
@@ -118,6 +137,7 @@ builder = Rley::Syntax::GrammarBuilder.new do
   rule 'comparative_start' => 'PrepositionThan'
   rule 'comparative_start' => 'ComparativeParticle'
   rule 'adverb_phrase' => 'Adverb'
+  rule 'adverb_phrase' => 'Adverb Adverb' # 'here now'
   rule 'adverb_phrase' => 'Adverb propositional_phrase'
   rule 'propositional_phrase' => 'preposition propositional_complement'
   rule 'propositional_phrase' => 'preposition'

data/lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon_factory.rb

@@ -35,9 +35,12 @@ module Zenlish
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbBe.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbDo.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbHave.new.freeze)
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbKnow.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbSay.new.freeze)
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::IrregularVerbThink.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::LinkingAdverb.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::ModalVerbCan.new.freeze)
+        aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::PersonalPronoun.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::Preposition.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::PrepositionOf.new.freeze)
         aLexicon.add_terminal(WClasses::PrepositionThan.new.freeze)

data/lib/zenlish/lex/lexeme.rb

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 module Zenlish
   module Lex
-    # TODO: document
+    # A word in the abstract sense; an individual, distinct item of a lexicon
+    # that belongs to a word class and of which a number of actual word forms
+    # may exist. For instance, the word forms: 'hide', 'hides', 'hid', 'hidden'
+    # relate to the lexeme for verb 'hide'. Also called 'dictionary word'.
     class Lexeme
       # @return Zenlish::WClasses::WordClass
       attr_reader :wclass
-      
-      # @return Zenlish::Lex::LexicalEntry
-      attr_reader :entry
 
       def initialize(aWordClass, anEntry)
         @wclass = aWordClass
-        @entry = anEntry
-        @entry.add_lexeme(self)
+        @entry = anEntry.object_id
+        anEntry.add_lexeme(self)
+      end
+
+      # @return Zenlish::Lex::LexicalEntry
+      def entry
+        ObjectSpace._id2ref(@entry)
       end
 
       def lemma

data/lib/zenlish/parser/zparser.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require_relative 'zenlish_grammar'
+require_relative '../lang/zenlish_grammar'
 
 module Zenlish
   class ZParser

data/lib/zenlish/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Zenlish
-  VERSION = '0.1.13'
+  VERSION = '0.1.14'
 end

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/all_word_classes.rb

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ require_relative 'irregular_verb'
 require_relative 'irregular_verb_be'
 require_relative 'irregular_verb_do'
 require_relative 'irregular_verb_have'
+require_relative 'irregular_verb_know'
 require_relative 'irregular_verb_say'
+require_relative 'irregular_verb_think'
 require_relative 'definite_article'
 require_relative 'demonstrative_determiner'
 require_relative 'conjunctive_pronoun'
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ require_relative 'indefinite_pronoun'
 require_relative 'indefinite_quantifier'
 require_relative 'linking_adverb'
 require_relative 'modal_verb_can'
+require_relative 'personal_pronoun'
 require_relative 'preposition'
 require_relative 'preposition_of'
 require_relative 'preposition_than'

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_know.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+require_relative 'irregular_verb'
+
+module Zenlish
+  module WClasses
+    # Irregular verb know
+    class IrregularVerbKnow < IrregularVerb
+    end # class
+  end # module
+end # module

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_think.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+require_relative 'irregular_verb'
+
+module Zenlish
+  module WClasses
+    # Irregular verb know
+    class IrregularVerbThink < IrregularVerb
+    end # class
+  end # module
+end # module

data/lib/zenlish/wclasses/personal_pronoun.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require_relative 'pronoun'
+
+module Zenlish
+  module WClasses
+    # Personal pronouns refer to people or things involved in the text.
+    # They change according to person, number, gender and case.
+    # Subject forms: I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they
+    # Object forms: Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
+    class PersonalPronoun < Pronoun
+    end # class
+  end # module
+end # module

data/lib/zenlish.rb

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # for a Zenlish client.
 
 require_relative './zenlish/version'
-require_relative './zenlish/wclasses/all_word_classes'
+require_relative './zenlish/lang/dictionary'
+require_relative './zenlish/parser/zparser'
 
 # End of file

data/spec/zenlish/{parser → lang}/zenlish_grammar_spec.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative '../../spec_helper' # Use the RSpec framework
-require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/parser/zenlish_grammar' # Load the class under test
+require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lang/zenlish_grammar' # Load the class under test
 
 module Zenlish
   module Parser

data/spec/zenlish/parser/zparser_spec.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require_relative '../../spec_helper' # Use the RSpec framework
-require_relative '../support/minimal_lexicon'
 require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lex/literal'
+require_relative '../support/minimal_lexicon'
 require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/parser/zparser' # Load the class under test
 
 module Zenlish
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ module Zenlish
       end # context
 
       def get_lexeme(aLemma, aWordClass = nil)
-        $ZenlishLexicon.get_lexeme(aLemma, aWordClass)
+        Zenlish::Lang::Dictionary.get_lexeme(aLemma, aWordClass)
       end
 
       def self.literal2var(aLemma, aLiteral, aSuffix = '')
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('big', 'big')
       literal2var('big', 'bigger')
       literal2var('can', 'can')
-      literal2var('of', 'of')
+      def did ; Lex::Literal.new('did', get_lexeme('do', WClasses::IrregularVerbDo), 0) ; end
       def do_ ; Lex::Literal.new('do', get_lexeme('do', WClasses::IrregularVerbDo), 0) ; end
       def does ; Lex::Literal.new('does', get_lexeme('do', WClasses::IrregularVerbDo), 0) ; end
       def does_aux ; Lex::Literal.new('does', get_lexeme('do', WClasses::AuxiliaryDo), 0) ; end
@@ -57,28 +57,36 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('for', 'for', '_')
       literal2var('from', 'from')
       literal2var('good', 'good')
+      literal2var('happen', 'happened')
       literal2var('happen', 'happens')
       literal2var('have', 'has')
       literal2var('have', 'have')
       literal2var('hear', 'hears')
+      literal2var('here', 'here')
+      literal2var('I', 'I', '')
       literal2var('if', 'if', '_')
+      def i_pronoun ; Lex::Literal.new('I', get_lexeme('I'), 0) ; end
       literal2var('in', 'in', '_')
       literal2var('inside', 'inside')
       def is ;     Lex::Literal.new('is', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
       def is_aux ; Lex::Literal.new('is', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::AuxiliaryBe), 0) ; end
       literal2var('kind', 'kind')
+      literal2var('know', 'know')
       literal2var('know', 'knows')
       literal2var('like', 'like')
       literal2var('Lisa', 'Lisa')
       literal2var('living', 'living')
       literal2var('long', 'long')
       literal2var('many', 'many')
+      literal2var('me', 'me')
       literal2var('more', 'more')
       literal2var('move', 'move')
       literal2var('move', 'moved')
       literal2var('move', 'moves')
       literal2var('near to', 'near_to')
       literal2var('not', 'not', '_')
+      literal2var('now', 'now')
+      literal2var('of', 'of')
       literal2var('on', 'on')
       literal2var('one', 'one')
       literal2var('other', 'other')
@@ -115,11 +123,15 @@ module Zenlish
       literal2var('true', 'true', '_')
       literal2var('two', 'two')
       literal2var('very', 'very')
+      literal2var('want', 'want')
       literal2var('want', 'wants')
       def was ; Lex::Literal.new('was', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
+      def were ;     Lex::Literal.new('were', get_lexeme('be', WClasses::IrregularVerbBe), 0) ; end
       literal2var('what', 'what')
       literal2var('with', 'with')
       literal2var('word', 'words')
+      def x_as_noun ; Lex::Literal.new('X', get_lexeme('X'), 0) ; end
+      literal2var('you', 'you')
 
       def colon ;  Lex::Literal.new(':', get_lexeme(':'), 0) ; end
       def comma ;  Lex::Literal.new(',', get_lexeme(','), 0) ; end
@@ -652,6 +664,89 @@ module Zenlish
           literals = [tony, is, near_to, lisa, because, tony, moved, dot]
           expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
         end
+
+        it 'should parse sample sentences from lesson 2-F' do
+          # Sentence 2-19a: 'Tony says: "I did X.".'
+          literals = [tony, says, colon, quote, i_pronoun, did, x_as_noun, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19a definiendum: 'Tony says: "I did X.".'
+          literals = [tony, says, colon, quote, i_pronoun, did, x_as_noun, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19a definiens: 'Tony says something about Tony. Tony says: Tony did X.'
+          literals = [tony, says, something, about, tony, dot,
+                      tony, says, colon, tony, did, x_as_noun, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19a: 'Tony says: "I see Lisa.".'
+          literals = [tony, says, colon, quote, i_pronoun, see, lisa, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19b definiendum: 'Lisa says: "X happened to me.".'
+          literals = [lisa, says, colon, quote, x_as_noun, happened, to, me, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19b definiens: 'Lisa says something about Lisa. Lisa says: X happened to Lisa.'
+          literals = [lisa, says, something, about, lisa, dot,
+                      lisa, says, colon, x_as_noun, happened, to, lisa, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-19c: 'Lisa says: "Tony sees me."'
+          literals = [lisa, says, colon, quote, tony, sees, me, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-20a definiendum: 'Tony says to Lisa: "I can see you.".'
+          literals = [tony, says, to, lisa, colon, quote, i_pronoun, can, see, you, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-20a definiens: 'Tony says something about Lisa.
+          # Tony says this to Lisa. Tony says: Tony can see Lisa.'
+          literals = [tony, says, something, about, lisa, dot,
+                      tony, says, this_as_pronoun, to, lisa, dot,
+                      tony, says, colon, tony, can, see, lisa, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-20b: "I know you have something good."
+          literals = [i_pronoun, know, you, have, something, good, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-20c: "I want you to do something good for me."
+          literals = [i_pronoun, want, you, to, do_, something, good, for_, me, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-21a definiendum: 'Tony says: "X happens here.".'
+          literals = [tony, says, colon, quote, x_as_noun, happens, here, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-21a definiens: "Tony is in a place. Tony says: X happens in this place."
+          literals = [tony, is, in_, a_as_art, place, dot,
+                      tony, says, colon, x_as_noun, happens, in_, this, place, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-21b: "Many people were here at one time."
+          literals = [many, people, were, here, at, one, time, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-22a definiendum: 'Lisa says: "X happens now.".'
+          literals = [lisa, says, colon, quote, x_as_noun, happens, now, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-21a definiens: 'Lisa says something at a time.
+          #   Lisa says: X happens at this same time.'
+          literals = [lisa, says, something, at, a_as_art, time, dot,
+                      lisa, says, colon, x_as_noun, happens, at, this, time, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-21b: "There are not many people here now."
+          literals = [there, are, not_, many, people, here, now , dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+
+          # Sentence 2-Fa: "Lisa says to Tony: "I can see many living things here."."
+          literals = [lisa, says, to, tony, colon, quote, i_pronoun,
+                      can, see, many, living, things, here, dot, quote, dot]
+          expect { subject.parse(literals) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
 =begin
 TODO
 

data/spec/zenlish/support/minimal_lexicon.rb

@@ -1,134 +1,7 @@
-require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon'
-require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lex/lexical_entry'
-require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lex/lexeme'
-require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lex/lexicon'
+require_relative '../../../lib/zenlish/lang/dictionary'
 
+# Add a few words to dictionary for testing purposes...
+Zenlish::Lang::add_entry('Lisa', 'ProperNoun')
+Zenlish::Lang::add_entry('Tony', 'ProperNoun')
+Zenlish::Lang::add_entry('X', 'CommonNoun')
 
-
-adjective = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Adjective']
-adverb = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Adverb']
-adverb_not = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['AdverbNot']
-adverb_there = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['AdverbThere']
-degree_adverb = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['DegreeAdverb']
-auxiliary_be = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['AuxiliaryBe']
-auxiliary_do = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['AuxiliaryDo']
-common_noun = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['CommonNoun']
-linking_adverb = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['LinkingAdverb']
-proper_noun = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['ProperNoun']
-preposition = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Preposition']
-preposition_of = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['PrepositionOf']
-preposition_than = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['PrepositionThan']
-regular_verb = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['RegularVerb']
-regular_verb_want = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['RegularVerbWant']
-irregular_verb = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IrregularVerb']
-irregular_verb_be = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IrregularVerbBe']
-irregular_verb_do = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IrregularVerbDo']
-irregular_verb_have = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IrregularVerbHave']
-irregular_verb_say = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IrregularVerbSay']
-indefinite_pronoun = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IndefinitePronoun']
-conjunctive_pronoun = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['ConjunctivePronoun']
-demonstrative_pronoun = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['DemonstrativePronoun']
-demonstrative_determiner = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['DemonstrativeDeterminer']
-definite_article = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['DefiniteArticle']
-indefinite_article = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IndefiniteArticle']
-cardinal = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Cardinal']
-comparative_particle = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['ComparativeParticle']
-indefinite_quantifier = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['IndefiniteQuantifier']
-modal_verb_can = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['ModalVerbCan']
-subordinating_conjunction = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['SubordinatingConjunction']
-
-colon = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Colon']
-comma = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Comma']
-dot = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Period']
-quote = $ZenlishLexicon.name2terminal['Quote']
-
-def add_entry(aLemma, aWordClass)
-  entry = Zenlish::Lex::LexicalEntry.new(aLemma)
-  raise StandardError, "Undefined word class for '#{aLemma}'" unless aWordClass
-  lexeme = Zenlish::Lex::Lexeme.new(aWordClass, entry).freeze
-  $ZenlishLexicon.add_entry(entry.freeze)
-end
-
-# Our minimalistic lexicon
-add_entry('a', indefinite_article)
-add_entry('about', preposition)
-add_entry('above', preposition)
-add_entry('alive', adjective)
-add_entry('all', indefinite_quantifier)
-add_entry('another', adjective)
-add_entry('as', comparative_particle)
-add_entry('at', preposition)
-add_entry('bad', adjective)
-add_entry('be', auxiliary_be)
-add_entry('be', irregular_verb_be)
-add_entry('because', subordinating_conjunction)
-add_entry('before', adverb)
-add_entry('before', subordinating_conjunction)
-add_entry('big', adjective)
-add_entry('can', modal_verb_can)
-add_entry('do', auxiliary_do)
-add_entry('do', irregular_verb_do)
-add_entry('false', adjective)
-add_entry('far', adverb)
-add_entry('feel', irregular_verb)
-add_entry('for', preposition)
-add_entry('from', preposition)
-add_entry('good', adjective)
-add_entry('have', irregular_verb_have)
-add_entry('happen', regular_verb)
-add_entry('hear', irregular_verb)
-add_entry('if', subordinating_conjunction)
-add_entry('in', preposition)
-add_entry('inside', preposition)
-add_entry('kind', common_noun)
-add_entry('know', irregular_verb)
-add_entry('like', preposition)
-add_entry('Lisa', proper_noun)
-add_entry('living', adjective)
-add_entry('long', adjective)
-add_entry('many', indefinite_quantifier)
-add_entry('more', adjective)
-add_entry('move', regular_verb)
-add_entry('near to', preposition)
-add_entry('not', adverb_not)
-add_entry('of', preposition_of)
-add_entry('on', preposition)
-add_entry('one', cardinal)
-add_entry('other', adjective)
-add_entry('part', common_noun)
-add_entry('people', common_noun)
-add_entry('person', common_noun)
-add_entry('place', common_noun)
-add_entry('same', adjective)
-add_entry('say', irregular_verb_say)
-add_entry('see', irregular_verb)
-add_entry('short', adjective)
-add_entry('side', common_noun)
-add_entry('small', adjective)
-add_entry('some', indefinite_quantifier)
-add_entry('something', indefinite_pronoun)
-add_entry('than', preposition_than)
-add_entry('the', definite_article)
-add_entry('then', linking_adverb)
-add_entry('there', adverb_there)
-add_entry('thing', common_noun)
-add_entry('think', irregular_verb)
-add_entry('this', demonstrative_determiner)
-add_entry('this', demonstrative_pronoun)
-add_entry('this one', demonstrative_pronoun)
-add_entry('time', common_noun)
-add_entry('to', preposition)
-add_entry('Tony', proper_noun)
-add_entry('touch', regular_verb)
-add_entry('true', adjective)
-add_entry('two', cardinal)
-add_entry('very', degree_adverb)
-add_entry('want', regular_verb_want)
-add_entry('what',conjunctive_pronoun)
-add_entry('with',preposition)
-add_entry('word', common_noun)
-
-add_entry(':', colon)
-add_entry(',', comma)
-add_entry('.', dot)
-add_entry('"', quote)

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: zenlish
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.1.13
+  version: 0.1.14
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Dimitri Geshef
 autorequire: 
 bindir: exe
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2019-10-28 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2019-11-01 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rley
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ files:
 - Rakefile
 - appveyor.yml
 - lib/zenlish.rb
-- lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon.rb
+- lib/zenlish/lang/dictionary.rb
+- lib/zenlish/lang/zenlish_grammar.rb
 - lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon_factory.rb
 - lib/zenlish/lex/lexeme.rb
 - lib/zenlish/lex/lexical_entry.rb
 - lib/zenlish/lex/lexicon.rb
 - lib/zenlish/lex/literal.rb
-- lib/zenlish/parser/zenlish_grammar.rb
 - lib/zenlish/parser/zparser.rb
 - lib/zenlish/version.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/adjective.rb
@@ -120,12 +120,15 @@ files:
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_be.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_do.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_have.rb
+- lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_know.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_say.rb
+- lib/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_think.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/lexical_verb.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/linking_adverb.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/modal_verb_can.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/noun.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/numeral.rb
+- lib/zenlish/wclasses/personal_pronoun.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/preposition.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/preposition_of.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/preposition_than.rb
@@ -138,12 +141,12 @@ files:
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/verb.rb
 - lib/zenlish/wclasses/word_class.rb
 - spec/spec_helper.rb
+- spec/zenlish/lang/zenlish_grammar_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon_factory_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexeme_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexical_entry_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexicon_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/literal_spec.rb
-- spec/zenlish/parser/zenlish_grammar_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/parser/zparser_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/support/minimal_lexicon.rb
 - spec/zenlish/wclasses/common_noun_spec.rb
@@ -176,12 +179,12 @@ signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: A toolkit for the Zenlish language (a simplified English language).
 test_files:
+- spec/zenlish/lang/zenlish_grammar_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon_factory_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexeme_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexical_entry_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/lexicon_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/lex/literal_spec.rb
-- spec/zenlish/parser/zenlish_grammar_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/parser/zparser_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/wclasses/common_noun_spec.rb
 - spec/zenlish/wclasses/irregular_verb_spec.rb

data/lib/zenlish/lex/empty_lexicon.rb

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-unless defined?($ZenlishLexicon)
-  require_relative 'empty_lexicon_factory'
-
-  sandbox = Object.new
-  sandbox.extend(Zenlish::Lex::EmptyLexiconFactory)
-  $ZenlishLexicon = sandbox.create_empty_lexicon
-end