wav2cas 0.0.1

checksums.yaml

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data/.gitignore

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+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/.idea/
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/

data/Gemfile

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+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in wav2cas.gemspec
+gemspec
+
+gem "rake", "~> 12.0"

data/Gemfile.lock

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+PATH
+  remote: .
+  specs:
+    wav2cas (0.0.1)
+      wavefile (~> 1.1)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    rake (12.3.3)
+    wavefile (1.1.1)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  rake (~> 12.0)
+  wav2cas!
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.1.4

data/README.md

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+# wav2cas
+
+This utility can be used to convert audio records (in WAV format) saved with TRS-80 (Model I/III) to a CAS file for use by TRS-80 emulators.
+
+It was created as a result of an attempt to understand what format of data stored on some old tapes found on my bookshelf :-)
+
+It's HIGHLY experimental, so if you got here, please use other well-known utility for conversion: http://knut.one/wav2cas.htm
+
+If you can't restore records in mentioned utility (as I did) so you can try this one. It contains some options which allow you to restore data even without lead tone.
+
+It accepts WAV files with any sample rate (11025 / 22050 / 44100) and format (float / 8-bit / 16-bit / stereo / mono), uses auto-detection mechanism to get clock frequency which depends on baud rate (model I level2 500baud, level1 250baud or model III highspeed 1500 baud).
+
+## Installation
+
+You should have Ruby >= 2.3.0 prior installed. Then type command to install wav2cas:
+
+```ruby
+gem install wav2cas
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```
+Usage: wav2cas [options] <input.wav>
+    -d, --double                     Double density
+    -o, --output FILENAME            Output file
+    -s, --skip N                     Skip N seconds from the beginning of file
+    -l, --no-lead-tone               Audio doesn't start from lead tone (use to recover corrupted records)
+    -a, --auto-align                 Try to auto align (could fix some records)
+    -t, --threshold THRESHOLD        Peak detection threshold (5-15). Default: 10
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+All samples except of `sample4` and `sample6` are processed successfully without additional options.
+
+```
+wav2cas samples/graph_it.wav
+wav2cas samples/sample1.wav
+wav2cas samples/sample2.wav
+wav2cas samples/sample3.wav
+wav2cas -a -t 20 samples/sample4.wav
+wav2cas samples/sample5.wav
+wav2cas -a -t 20 samples/sample6.wav
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+If you have audio records which can not be recognized with this utility, send it to <anton.argirov@gmail.com>, I will try to improve.
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/anteo/wav2cas.
+

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+task :default => :spec

data/bin/wav2cas

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'wav2cas'
+require 'optparse'
+
+options = {}
+
+optparse = OptionParser.new do |opt|
+  opt.banner = "Usage: #{__FILE__} [options] <input.wav>"
+  opt.on("-o FILENAME", "--output FILENAME", "Output file") { |v| options[:output] = v }
+  opt.on("-s N", "--skip N", Float, "Skip N seconds from the beginning of file") { |v| options[:skip] = v }
+  opt.on("-l", "--no-lead-tone", "Audio doesn't start from lead tone (use to recover corrupted records)") { options[:no_lead_tone] = true }
+  opt.on("-a", "--auto-align", "Try to align when clock frequency is lost (could fix some records)") { |v| options[:auto_align] = true }
+  opt.on("-t THRESHOLD", "--threshold THRESHOLD", Integer, "Peak detection threshold (5-30). Default: 10") { |v| options[:peak_threshold] = v }
+  opt.on("-d", "--debug", "Print out some debug information") { |v| options[:debug] = v }
+end
+
+begin
+  optparse.parse!
+  raise OptionParser::MissingArgument, "input file" if ARGV.empty?
+  file_name = ARGV[0]
+  raise OptionParser::InvalidArgument, "input file doesn't exist" unless File.exists?(file_name)
+rescue OptionParser::ParseError
+  puts $!.to_s
+  puts optparse
+  exit
+end
+
+options[:output] ||= File.join(File.dirname(file_name), File.basename(file_name, ".wav") + ".cas")
+
+converter = Wav2Cas.new(file_name,
+                        skip_seconds:   options[:skip],
+                        has_lead_tone:  !options[:no_lead_tone],
+                        auto_align:     options[:auto_align],
+                        peak_threshold: options[:peak_threshold] || 10,
+                        debug:          options[:debug])
+
+converter.convert_to(options[:output])

data/lib/wav2cas.rb

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+require 'wav2cas/version'
+require 'wavefile'
+require 'ostruct'
+
+class Wav2Cas
+  Error = Class.new(StandardError)
+
+  def initialize(wav_file, skip_seconds: 0, has_lead_tone: true, auto_align: false, peak_threshold: 10, debug: false)
+    @wav_file       = wav_file
+    @skip_seconds   = skip_seconds
+    @has_lead_tone  = has_lead_tone
+    @auto_align     = auto_align
+    @peak_threshold = peak_threshold
+    @debug          = debug
+  end
+
+  def convert_to(cas_file)
+    load_samples
+    detect_pulse_distance
+    proof_pulse_distance
+
+    load_data
+    write_cas cas_file
+  end
+
+  protected
+
+  def debug(message)
+    puts message if @debug
+  end
+
+  def message_with_position(message)
+    "#{message} at #{"%.3f" % current_timestamp}s, position: #{"%08X" % current_position}"
+  end
+
+  def print_sample(pos, size = 40)
+    val = ((@samples[pos] / 128.0 - 1) * size).round
+    s   = "#{"%05d:%03d" % [pos, @samples[pos]]} "
+    neg = [val, 0].min
+    pos = [0, val].max
+    s   += " " * (size + neg) + "*" * (-neg)
+    s   += "|"
+    s   += "*" * pos + " " * (size - pos)
+    puts s
+  end
+
+  def print_samples(start_pos, end_pos)
+    (start_pos..end_pos).each { |pos| print_sample(pos) }
+  end
+
+  def detect_pulse_distance
+    rewind!
+    prev_pulse  = nil
+    @pulse_dist = 0
+    20.times do |i|
+      break unless detect_next_pulse
+      if prev_pulse
+        dist = @last_pulse.pos - prev_pulse.pos
+        debug "#{i}th distance between pulses: #{dist}"
+        if dist > @pulse_dist
+          @pulse_dist = dist
+          @start_pos  = @last_pulse.pos
+        end
+      end
+      prev_pulse = @last_pulse
+    end
+    raise Error, 'Audio is too short or silent' unless @pulse_dist > 0
+    debug "Detected pulse distance: #{@pulse_dist}"
+  end
+
+  def proof_pulse_distance
+    rewind!
+    20.times do
+      break unless forward!
+      unless @last_pulse
+        raise Error, "Can't detect clock frequency, please ensure that audio starts from lead tone!"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def rewind!
+    @pos      = @start_pos || (@source_format.sample_rate * @skip_seconds.to_f).floor
+    @prev_pos = @pos
+  end
+
+  def detect_next_pulse(threshold = 130 + @peak_threshold)
+    @pos += 1 while @pos < @n_samples && @samples[@pos] < threshold
+    return false if @pos >= @n_samples
+    pulse_start = @pos
+
+    @pos        += 1 while @pos < @n_samples && @samples[@pos] >= threshold
+    return false if @pos >= @n_samples
+    pulse_end = @pos - 1
+
+    pulse       = @samples[pulse_start..pulse_end].each_with_index.max
+    @last_pulse = OpenStruct.new(val: pulse[0], pos: pulse[1] + pulse_start)
+  end
+
+  def detect_pulse(pos = @pos, distance = @pulse_dist / 6)
+    pulse_start = pos - distance
+    pulse_end   = pos + distance
+    return if pulse_end >= @n_samples
+
+    samples   = @samples[pulse_start..pulse_end]
+    max       = samples.each_with_index.max
+    min       = samples.each_with_index.min
+    has_pulse = max[0] - min[0] > @peak_threshold
+    has_pulse && OpenStruct.new(val: max[0], pos: max[1] + pulse_start)
+  end
+
+  def load_samples
+    @samples = []
+
+    reader = WaveFile::Reader.new(@wav_file)
+
+    @source_format = reader.format
+    @target_format = WaveFile::Format.new(:mono, :pcm_8, @source_format.sample_rate)
+
+    reader.each_buffer(10000) do |buffer|
+      @samples += buffer.convert(@target_format).samples
+    end
+
+    @n_samples = @samples.count
+  end
+
+  def forward!
+    @prev_pos = @pos
+    @pos      += @pulse_dist
+    return false if @pos >= @n_samples
+    @last_pulse = detect_pulse
+    align_to_last_pulse
+    true
+  end
+
+  def current_timestamp
+    @pos / @source_format.sample_rate.to_f
+  end
+
+  def current_position
+    ((@bits.size - 1) / 8)
+  end
+
+  def align_to_last_pulse
+    @pos = @last_pulse.pos if @last_pulse
+  end
+
+  def load_data
+    rewind!
+    @bits          = ""
+    @has_sync_byte = false
+    clock_lost     = false
+    loop do
+      break unless forward!
+      middle_pos = (@pos + @prev_pos) / 2
+      has_pulse  = detect_pulse(middle_pos)
+      @bits      += has_pulse ? "1" : "0"
+      if !@has_sync_byte && @has_lead_tone && @bits[-8..-1] == '10100101'
+        @bits          = ("0" * 256) + "10100101"
+        @has_sync_byte = true
+        unless @auto_align
+          @pos += @pulse_dist / 2
+          next
+        end
+      end
+      if !@last_pulse
+        if @auto_align
+          debug message_with_position("Auto-align")
+          detect_next_pulse
+          align_to_last_pulse
+        elsif @has_lead_tone && @has_sync_byte
+          clock_lost = true
+        end
+      elsif clock_lost
+        puts message_with_position("Possible read error")
+        clock_lost = false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def write_cas(file_name)
+    if @has_lead_tone
+      File.write file_name, [@bits].pack("B*")
+    else
+      8.times do |i|
+        File.write file_name + "_#{i + 1}", [@bits].pack("B*")
+        @bits.prepend "0"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/wav2cas/version.rb

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+module Wav2cas
+  VERSION = "0.0.1"
+end

data/wav2cas.gemspec

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+require_relative 'lib/wav2cas/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = "wav2cas"
+  spec.version       = Wav2cas::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ["Anton Argirov"]
+  spec.email         = ["anton.argirov@gmail.com"]
+
+  spec.summary       = %q{TRS-80 (Model I/III) WAV to CAS converter}
+  spec.description   = %q{Converts TRS-80 (Model I/III) computer audio records in WAV format to CAS file for use by TRS-80 emulators.}
+  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/anteo/wav2cas"
+  spec.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.3.0")
+
+  spec.metadata["allowed_push_host"] = "https://rubygems.org"
+
+  spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
+  spec.metadata["changelog_uri"] = spec.homepage
+
+  # Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
+  # The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
+  spec.files         = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  end
+  spec.bindir        = "bin"
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^bin/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'wavefile', '~>1.1'
+end

metadata

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+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: wav2cas
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.0.1
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Anton Argirov
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2020-07-04 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: wavefile
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.1'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.1'
+description: Converts TRS-80 (Model I/III) computer audio records in WAV format to
+  CAS file for use by TRS-80 emulators.
+email:
+- anton.argirov@gmail.com
+executables:
+- wav2cas
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- ".idea/wav2cas.iml"
+- Gemfile
+- Gemfile.lock
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- bin/wav2cas
+- lib/wav2cas.rb
+- lib/wav2cas/version.rb
+- samples/graph_it.cas
+- samples/graph_it.wav
+- samples/sample1.cas
+- samples/sample1.wav
+- samples/sample2.cas
+- samples/sample2.wav
+- samples/sample3.cas
+- samples/sample3.wav
+- samples/sample4.cas
+- samples/sample4.wav
+- samples/sample5.cas
+- samples/sample5.wav
+- samples/sample6.cas
+- samples/sample6.wav
+- wav2cas.gemspec
+homepage: https://github.com/anteo/wav2cas
+licenses: []
+metadata:
+  allowed_push_host: https://rubygems.org
+  homepage_uri: https://github.com/anteo/wav2cas
+  changelog_uri: https://github.com/anteo/wav2cas
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: 2.3.0
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubygems_version: 3.1.2
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: TRS-80 (Model I/III) WAV to CAS converter
+test_files: []