utf8 0.1.0

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Files changed (23) hide show
  1. data/.gitignore +4 -0
  2. data/MIT-LICENSE +20 -0
  3. data/README.rdoc +46 -0
  4. data/Rakefile +11 -0
  5. data/benchmark/active_support.rb +61 -0
  6. data/benchmark/test.txt +693 -0
  7. data/ext/utf8/ext.c +21 -0
  8. data/ext/utf8/ext.h +17 -0
  9. data/ext/utf8/extconf.rb +7 -0
  10. data/ext/utf8/string_scanner_utf8.c +68 -0
  11. data/ext/utf8/string_scanner_utf8.h +6 -0
  12. data/ext/utf8/string_utf8.c +224 -0
  13. data/ext/utf8/string_utf8.h +6 -0
  14. data/ext/utf8/utf8.c +80 -0
  15. data/ext/utf8/utf8.h +7 -0
  16. data/lib/utf8.rb +5 -0
  17. data/lib/utf8/string.rb +19 -0
  18. data/lib/utf8/string_scanner.rb +21 -0
  19. data/spec/spec_helper.rb +5 -0
  20. data/spec/string_scanner_spec.rb +48 -0
  21. data/spec/string_spec.rb +151 -0
  22. data/utf8.gemspec +37 -0
  23. metadata +120 -0
data/.gitignore ADDED
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+ .DS_Store
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+ *.bundle
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+ *.o
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+ tmp/
data/MIT-LICENSE ADDED
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+ Copyright (c) 2011 Brian Lopez - http://github.com/brianmario
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+
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+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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+ a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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+ "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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+ without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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+ distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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+ permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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+ the following conditions:
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+
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+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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+ included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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+
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+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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+ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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+ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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+ NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
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+ LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
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+ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
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+ WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
data/README.rdoc ADDED
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+ = A lightweight UTF8-aware String class meant for use with Ruby 1.8.x
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+
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+ The scanning code is implemented in C (would love a Java version as well, if any of you want to help with that).
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+
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+ == String::UTF8 Example
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+
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+ The String::UTF8#[] API isn't fully supported yet, and may never support regular expressions. I'll update this readme as I make progress.
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+
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+ # String (on 1.8)
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+ str = "你好世界"
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+ str.length # 12
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+ str[0] # 228
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+ str.chars.to_a.inspect # ["\344", "\275", "\240", "\345", "\245", "\275", "\344", "\270", "\226", "\347", "\225", "\214"]
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+
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+
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+ # String::UTF8 (on 1.8)
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+ utf8_str = "你好世界".as_utf8
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+ utf8_str.length # 4
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+ utf8.chars.to_a.inspect # => ["你", "好", "世", "界"]
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+
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+ utf8[0] # => "你"
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+ utf8_str[0, 3] # => "你好世"
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+ utf8_str[0..3] # => "你好世界"
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+
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+ == StringScanner::UTF8 Example
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+
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+ The full StringScanner API hasn't been made UTF8-aware yet. I may try and finish it later, but the getch method is all I need at the moment.
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+
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+ # StringScanner (on 1.8)
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+ scanner = StringScanner.new("你好世界")
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+ scanner.getch # => "\344"
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+
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+ # StringScanner::UTF8
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+ require 'utf8/string_scanner'
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+
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+ # NOTE: we could have used scanner.as_utf8 instead
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+ utf8_scanner = StringScanner::UTF8.new("你好世界")
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+ utf8_scanner.getch # => "你"
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+ utf8_scanner.getch # => "好"
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+ utf8_scanner.getch # => "世"
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+ utf8_scanner.reset
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+ utf8_scanner.getch # => "你"
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+
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+ == Disclaimer
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+
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+ I'm only planning on making the methods I need UTF8-aware, if you need others I welcome pull requests :)
data/Rakefile ADDED
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+ require 'rake' unless defined? Rake
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+
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+ gem 'rake-compiler', '~> 0.7.1'
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+ require "rake/extensiontask"
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+
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+ Rake::ExtensionTask.new('utf8') do |ext|
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+ ext.cross_compile = true
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+ ext.cross_platform = ['x86-mingw32', 'x86-mswin32-60']
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+
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+ ext.lib_dir = File.join 'lib', 'utf8'
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+ end
data/benchmark/active_support.rb ADDED
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+ $LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path('../../lib', __FILE__)
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+ require 'utf8'
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+ require 'benchmark'
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+
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+ require 'rubygems'
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+ require 'active_support'
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+
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+
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+ raw = File.read(File.expand_path('../test.txt', __FILE__))
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+ utf8 = raw.as_utf8
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+ as_mb = ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars.new(raw)
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+
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+ times = 1000
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+
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+ puts "String::UTF8"
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+ Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#length"
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+ times.times {utf8.length}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[index]"
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+ times.times {utf8[1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[-index]"
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+ times.times {utf8[-1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[start, len]"
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+ times.times {utf8[1024, 1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[-start, len]"
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+ times.times {utf8[-1024, 1024]}
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+ }
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+ end
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+
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+ puts "\n\nActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars"
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+ Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#length"
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+ times.times {as_mb.length}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[index]"
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+ times.times {as_mb[1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[-index]"
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+ times.times {as_mb[-1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[start, len]"
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+ times.times {as_mb[1024, 1024]}
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+ }
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+ x.report {
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+ puts "#[-start, len]"
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+ times.times {as_mb[-1024, 1024]}
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+ }
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+ end
data/benchmark/test.txt ADDED
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+
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+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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+ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh" dir="ltr">
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+ <head>
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+ <title>XML - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title>
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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+ <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.16wmf4" />
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+ <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit" />
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+ <link rel="edit" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit" />
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+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/apple-touch-icon.png" />
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+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
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+ <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (zh)" />
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+ <link rel="copyright" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" />
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+ <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom订阅" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&amp;feed=atom" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/main-ltr.css?283-19" type="text/css" media="screen" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/shared.css?283-19" type="text/css" media="screen" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css?283-19" type="text/css" media="print" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/css/combined.min.css?117" type="text/css" media="all" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/css/vector/jquery-ui-1.7.2.css?1.7.2y" type="text/css" media="all" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;usemsgcache=yes&amp;ctype=text%2Fcss&amp;smaxage=2678400&amp;action=raw&amp;maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="all" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Print.css&amp;usemsgcache=yes&amp;ctype=text%2Fcss&amp;smaxage=2678400&amp;action=raw&amp;maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="print" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Handheld.css&amp;usemsgcache=yes&amp;ctype=text%2Fcss&amp;smaxage=2678400&amp;action=raw&amp;maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="handheld" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Vector.css&amp;usemsgcache=yes&amp;ctype=text%2Fcss&amp;smaxage=2678400&amp;action=raw&amp;maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="all" />
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=-&amp;action=raw&amp;maxage=2678400&amp;gen=css" type="text/css" media="all" />
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
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+ var skin="vector",
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+ stylepath="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5",
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+ wgUrlProtocols="http\\:\\/\\/|https\\:\\/\\/|ftp\\:\\/\\/|irc\\:\\/\\/|gopher\\:\\/\\/|telnet\\:\\/\\/|nntp\\:\\/\\/|worldwind\\:\\/\\/|mailto\\:|news\\:|svn\\:\\/\\/",
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+ wgArticlePath="/wiki/$1",
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+ wgScriptPath="/w",
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+ wgScriptExtension=".php",
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+ wgScript="/w/index.php",
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+ wgVariantArticlePath="/$2/$1",
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+ wgActionPaths={},
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+ wgServer="http://zh.wikipedia.org",
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+ wgCanonicalNamespace="",
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+ wgCanonicalSpecialPageName=false,
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+ wgNamespaceNumber=0,
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+ wgPageName="XML",
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+ wgTitle="XML",
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+ wgAction="view",
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+ wgArticleId=3632,
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+ wgIsArticle=true,
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+ wgUserName=null,
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+ wgUserGroups=null,
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+ wgUserLanguage="zh",
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+ wgContentLanguage="zh",
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+ wgBreakFrames=false,
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+ wgCurRevisionId=15329713,
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+ wgVersion="1.16wmf4",
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+ wgEnableAPI=true,
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+ wgEnableWriteAPI=true,
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+ wgSeparatorTransformTable=["", ""],
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+ wgDigitTransformTable=["", ""],
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+ wgMainPageTitle="Wikipedia:首页",
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+ wgFormattedNamespaces={"-2": "Media", "-1": "Special", "0": "", "1": "Talk", "2": "User", "3": "User talk", "4": "Wikipedia", "5": "Wikipedia talk", "6": "File", "7": "File talk", "8": "MediaWiki", "9": "MediaWiki talk", "10": "Template", "11": "Template talk", "12": "Help", "13": "Help talk", "14": "Category", "15": "Category talk", "100": "Portal", "101": "Portal talk"},
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+ wgNamespaceIds={"media": -2, "special": -1, "": 0, "talk": 1, "user": 2, "user_talk": 3, "wikipedia": 4, "wikipedia_talk": 5, "file": 6, "file_talk": 7, "mediawiki": 8, "mediawiki_talk": 9, "template": 10, "template_talk": 11, "help": 12, "help_talk": 13, "category": 14, "category_talk": 15, "portal": 100, "portal_talk": 101, "媒体": -2, "媒體": -2, "特殊": -1, "对话": 1, "對話": 1, "讨论": 1, "討論": 1, "用户": 2, "用戶": 2, "用户对话": 3, "用戶對話": 3, "用户讨论": 3, "用戶討論": 3, "图像": 6, "圖像": 6, "档案": 6, "檔案": 6, "文件": 6, "图像对话": 7, "圖像對話": 7, "图像讨论": 7, "圖像討論": 7, "档案对话": 7, "檔案對話": 7, "档案讨论": 7, "檔案討論": 7, "文件对话": 7, "文件對話": 7, "文件讨论": 7, "文件討論": 7, "模板": 10, "样板": 10, "樣板": 10, "模板对话": 11, "模板對話": 11, "模板讨论": 11, "模板討論": 11, "样板对话": 11, "樣板對話": 11, "样板讨论": 11, "樣板討論": 11, "帮助": 12, "幫助": 12, "帮助对话": 13, "幫助對話": 13, "帮助讨论": 13, "幫助討論": 13, "分类": 14, "分類": 14, "分类对话": 15, "分類對話": 15, "分类讨论": 15, "分類討論": 15, "维基百科": 4, "維基百科": 4, "wp": 4, "维基百科讨论": 5, "维基百科对话": 5, "維基百科討論": 5, "維基百科對話": 5, "t": 10, "wt": 5, "cat": 14, "h": 12, "p": 100, "image": 6, "image_talk": 7},
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+ wgSiteName="Wikipedia",
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+ wgCategories=["含有英語的條目", "網頁技術", "W3C标准", "文件格式", "置标语言", "XML", "数据序列化格式"],
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+ wgDBname="zhwiki",
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+ wgUserVariant="zh",
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+ wgMWSuggestTemplate="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=opensearch\x26search={searchTerms}\x26namespace={namespaces}\x26suggest",
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+ wgSearchNamespaces=[0],
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+ wgMWSuggestMessages=["有建议", "无建议"],
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+ wgRestrictionEdit=[],
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+ wgRestrictionMove=[],
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+ wgCollapsibleNavBucketTest=false,
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+ wgCollapsibleNavForceNewVersion=false,
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+ wgVectorPreferences={"collapsiblenav": {"enable": 1}, "editwarning": {"enable": 1}, "simplesearch": {"enable": 1, "disablesuggest": 0}},
71
+ wgVectorEnabledModules={"collapsiblenav": true, "collapsibletabs": true, "editwarning": true, "expandablesearch": false, "footercleanup": false, "simplesearch": true},
72
+ Geo={"city": "", "country": ""},
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+ wgNoticeProject="wikipedia";
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+ </script><script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/wikibits.js?283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
75
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/jquery.min.js?283-19"></script>
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+ <script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/ajax.js?283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
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+ <script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/mwsuggest.js?283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
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+ <script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/js/plugins.combined.min.js?283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
79
+ <script src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions/UsabilityInitiative/Vector/Vector.combined.min.js?283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
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+ <script type="text/javascript">mw.usability.addMessages({'vector-collapsiblenav-more':'更多语言','vector-editwarning-warning':'离开这个页面可能会令您失去之前的所有更改。\n若您已经登入，您可在您参数设置的“编辑”节中关闭此警告。','vector-simplesearch-search':'搜索','vector-simplesearch-containing':'含有...'});</script>
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+ <script src="/w/index.php?title=Special:BannerController&amp;cache=/cn.js&amp;283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
82
+ <!--[if lt IE 7]><style type="text/css">body{behavior:url("/w/skins-1.5/vector/csshover.htc")}</style><![endif]-->
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+ <script src="/w/index.php?title=-&amp;action=raw&amp;gen=js&amp;useskin=vector&amp;283-19" type="text/javascript"></script>
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+
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+ <style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
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+ .source-xml {line-height: normal;}
87
+ .source-xml li, .source-xml pre {
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+ line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
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+ }
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+ /**
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+ * GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
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+ * --------------------------------------
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+ * Dynamically generated stylesheet for xml
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+ * CSS class: source-xml, CSS id:
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+ * GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
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+ * (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
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+ * --------------------------------------
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+ */
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+ .xml.source-xml .de1, .xml.source-xml .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
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+ .xml.source-xml {font-family:monospace;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
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+ .xml.source-xml li, .xml.source-xml .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .es0 {color: #000099; font-weight: bold;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .br0 {color: #66cc66;}
107
+ .xml.source-xml .sy0 {color: #66cc66;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .st0 {color: #ff0000;}
109
+ .xml.source-xml .nu0 {color: #cc66cc;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .sc-1 {color: #808080; font-style: italic;}
111
+ .xml.source-xml .sc0 {color: #00bbdd;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .sc1 {color: #ddbb00;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .sc2 {color: #339933;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .sc3 {color: #009900;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .re0 {color: #000066;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .re1 {color: #000000; font-weight: bold;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .re2 {color: #000000; font-weight: bold;}
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+ .xml.source-xml .ln-xtra, .xml.source-xml li.ln-xtra, .xml.source-xml div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
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+ .xml.source-xml span.xtra { display:block; }
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+
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+ /*]]>*/
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+ </style>
123
+ <style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
124
+ @import "/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Geshi.css&usemsgcache=yes&action=raw&ctype=text/css&smaxage=2678400";
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+ /*]]>*/
126
+ </style></head>
127
+ <body class="mediawiki ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-XML skin-vector">
128
+ <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
129
+ <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
130
+ <!-- content -->
131
+ <div id="content">
132
+ <a id="top"></a>
133
+ <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>
134
+ <!-- sitenotice -->
135
+ <div id="siteNotice"><!-- centralNotice loads here --><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
136
+ /* <![CDATA[ */
137
+ document.writeln("\x3cdiv id=\"localNotice\"\x3e\x3c/div\x3e");
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+ /* ]]> */
139
+ </script></div>
140
+ <!-- /sitenotice -->
141
+ <!-- firstHeading -->
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+ <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">XML</h1>
143
+ <!-- /firstHeading -->
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+ <!-- bodyContent -->
145
+ <div id="bodyContent">
146
+ <!-- tagline -->
147
+ <div id="siteSub">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div>
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+ <!-- /tagline -->
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+ <!-- subtitle -->
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+ <div id="contentSub"></div>
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+ <!-- /subtitle -->
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+ <!-- jumpto -->
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+ <div id="jump-to-nav">
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+ 跳转到： <a href="#mw-head">导航</a>,
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+ <a href="#p-search">搜索</a>
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+ </div>
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+ <!-- /jumpto -->
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+ <!-- bodytext -->
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+ <p><span style="display: none;"><a href="#_skip_noteTA">跳过字词转换说明</a></span></p>
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+ <div class="NavFrame collapsed noprint nohandheld metadata" style="z-index: 1; margin: 0 0.5em 0.5em auto; top: -1.2em; position: relative; background-color: transparent; border: none;">
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+ <div class="uncollapse toggleHotspot" style="position: absolute; right:0; background-color: transparent; padding: 0; width: 4em;" title="本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換，單擊檢視"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑,Arial Unicode MS,黑体;"><span style="padding:1px 3px; background: slategray; color:white;">汉</span><span style="padding:1px 3px; background: sienna; color:white;">漢</span></span><span class="toggleShow" style="color:black;">▼</span><span class="toggleHide" style="color:black;">▲</span></div>
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+ <div class="NavContent" style="position: absolute; display: none; right: 0; top: 1.5em; border: 1px gray solid; background-color: lightyellow; padding: 0.3em; z-index: 100; width: 650px; font-size: 90%; background-color: #f0f2f0; color: black;">
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+ <div style="background: #FFEA88; background-color: #4d4d4d; color: #ffffff;">为了阅读方便，本文使用<a href="/wiki/Help:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E7%B9%81%E7%AE%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86#.E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6.E8.87.AA.E5.8A.A8.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2.E7.9A.84.E4.BB.A3.E7.A2.BC" title="Help:中文维基百科的繁简处理" class="mw-redirect"><span style="color:#ffffff; font-weight:bold;">全文手工轉換</span></a>。转换内容：</div>
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+ <div style="padding: 3px">
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+ <p>本文采用<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:电脑和信息技术" class="mw-redirect"><span style="color: #333333; font-weight: bold;">电脑和信息技术</span></a>组全文转换 <span class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[<a href="/wiki/Template:CGroup/IT/temp" title="Template:CGroup/IT/temp">查看</a>] • [<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CGroup/IT/temp&amp;action=edit" class="external text" rel="nofollow">编辑</a>] • [<a href="http://philip-bot.appspot.com/autoconvert?group=IT" class="external text" rel="nofollow">强制刷新</a>]</span></p>
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+ <p><br /></p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; margin:0; padding:0;">
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+ <div class="NavHead" style="background-color: #FFEA88; font-weight: normal; height: 1.5em; text-align: left; background-color: #4d4d4d; color: #ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E7%B9%81%E7%AE%80%E3%80%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="Help:中文维基百科的繁简、地区词处理"><span style="color: #333333; font-weight: bold;">字詞轉換</span></a>说明<span class="NavToggle"><span class="toggleShow">顯示↓</span><span class="toggleHide">關閉↑</span></span></div>
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+ <div class="NavContent">
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+ <p>字詞轉換是中文维基的一項自動轉換，目的是通過计算机程序自動消除繁简、地区词等不同<b>用字模式</b>的差異，以達到閱讀方便。字詞轉換包括全局轉換和手動轉換，本說明所使用的标题转换和全文转换技術，都屬於手動轉換。</p>
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+ <p>如果您想对我们的字词转换系统提出一些改进建议，或者提交应用面更广的转换（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="中文维基百科">中文维基百科</a>全站乃至<a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>软件），或者报告转换系统的错误，请前往<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%88%96%E5%80%99%E9%80%89" title="Wikipedia:字词转换请求或候选">Wikipedia:字词转换请求或候选</a>发表您的意见。</p>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p><span id="_skip_noteTA"></span></p>
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+ <div class="thumb tright">
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+ <div class="thumbinner" style="width:427px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RecipeBook_XML_Example.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/RecipeBook_XML_Example.svg/425px-RecipeBook_XML_Example.svg.png" width="425" height="234" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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+ <div class="thumbcaption">RecipeBook的例子，一種基於XML語法上的烹飪技術書刊。此標籤可轉換為：<a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format" class="mw-redirect">PDF</a>以及<a href="/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format" class="mw-redirect">Rich Text Format</a>並使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="程式語言" class="mw-redirect">程式語言</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%93%B4%E5%85%85%E5%A5%97%E4%BB%B6%E6%A8%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="可擴充套件樣式語言">XSL</a>。</div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p><b>可扩展置标语言</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>：<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">e<b>X</b>tensible <b>M</b>arkup <b>L</b>anguage</span>，简称:<span lang="en" xml:lang="en"><b>XML</b></span>），又称<b>可扩展标记语言</b>，是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="置标语言">置标语言</a>。置标指<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="计算机" class="mw-redirect">计算机</a>所能理解的信息符号，通过此种标记，计算机之间可以处理包含各种信息的文章等。如何定义这些标记，既可以选择国际通用的标记语言，比如<a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>，也可以使用像XML这样由相关人士自由决定的标记语言，这就是语言的可扩展性。XML是从<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="标准通用置标语言" class="mw-redirect">标准通用置标语言</a>（SGML）中简化修改出来的。它主要用到的有可扩展置标语言、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="可扩展样式语言">可扩展样式语言</a>（XSL）、<a href="/wiki/XBRL" title="XBRL">XBRL</a>和<a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>等。</p>
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+ <table id="toc" class="toc">
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+ <tr>
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+ <td>
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+ <div id="toctitle">
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+ <h2>目录</h2>
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+ </div>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">歷史</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">用途</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#.E4.BE.8B"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">例</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">结构</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#.E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">参见</span></a></li>
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+ <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#.E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">外部链接</span></a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </table>
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
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+ //<![CDATA[
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+ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "显示"; var tocHideText = "隐藏"; showTocToggle(); }
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+ //]]>
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+ </script>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑段落：歷史">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2">歷史</span></h2>
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+ <p>XML是從1995年開始有其雛形，並向<a href="/wiki/W3C" title="W3C" class="mw-redirect">W3C</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="万维网联盟">全球資訊網聯盟</a>）提案，而在1998二月發佈為W3C的標準（XML1.0）。XML的前身是<b>SGML</b>（<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">The <b>S</b>tandard <b>G</b>eneralized <b>M</b>arkup <b>L</b>anguage</span>），是自IBM從1960年代就開始發展的<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="通用置标语言">GML</a></b>（<span lang="en" xml:lang="en"><b>G</b>eneralized <b>M</b>arkup <b>L</b>anguage</span>）標準化後的名稱。</p>
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+ <p>GML的重要概念：</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>文件中能夠明確的將標示與內容分開</li>
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+ <li>所有文件的標示使用方法均一致</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <p>1978年，<a href="/wiki/ANSI" title="ANSI" class="mw-redirect">ANSI</a>將GML加以整理規範，發佈成為SGML，1986年起為<a href="/wiki/ISO" title="ISO" class="mw-redirect">ISO</a>所採用（ISO 8879），並且被廣泛地運用在各種大型的文件計劃中，但是SGML是一種非常嚴謹的文件描述法，導致過於龐大複雜（標準手冊就有500多頁），難以理解和學習，進而影響其推廣與應用。</p>
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+ <p>同時W3C也發現到HTML的問題：</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>不能解決所有解釋資料的問題 - 像是影音檔或化學公式、音樂符號等其他形態的內容。</li>
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+ <li>效能問題 - 需要下載整份文件，才能開始對文件做搜尋。</li>
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+ <li>擴充性、彈性、易讀性均不佳。</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <p>為了解決以上問題，專家們使用SGML精簡製作，並依照HTML的發展經驗，產生出一套使用上規則嚴謹，但是簡單的描述資料語言：XML。 XML是在一個這樣的背景下誕生的——为了有一個更中立的方式，讓消費端自行決定要如何消化、呈現從服務端所提供的資訊。</p>
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+ <p>XML被廣泛用來作為跨平台之間交互數據的形式，主要針對數據的內容，通過不同的格式化描述手段（XSLT，CSS等）可以完成最終的形式表達（生成對應的HTML，PDF或者其他的文件格式）。</p>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑段落：用途">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94">用途</span></h2>
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+ <p>XML设计用来传送及携带数据信息，不用来表现或展示数据，<a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>语言則用来表现数据，所以XML用途的焦点是它说明数据是什么，以及携带数据信息。</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>丰富文件（Rich Documents）- 自定文件描述并使其更丰富
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>属于文件为主的XML技术应用</li>
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+ <li>标记是用来定义一份资料应该如何呈现</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>元数据（Metadata）- 描述其它文件或网络资讯
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>属于资料为主的XML技术应用</li>
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+ <li>标记是用来说明一份资料的意义</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>設定档案（Configuration Files）- 描述软件設定的参数</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑段落：例">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.BE.8B">例</span></h2>
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+ <p>XML定义结构、存储信息、传送信息。下例為<u>張旭</u>发送给<u>陳貞伶</u>的便条，存储为XML。</p>
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+ <div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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+ <div class="xml source-xml" style="font-family:monospace;">
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+ <pre class="de1">
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;小纸条<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;收件人<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>陳貞伶<span class="sc3">&lt;/收件人<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;发件人<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>張旭<span class="sc3">&lt;/发件人<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;主题<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>問候<span class="sc3">&lt;/主题<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;具体内容<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>最近可好？<span class="sc3">&lt;/具体内容<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ <span class="sc3">&lt;/小纸条<span class="re2">&gt;</span></span>
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+ </pre></div>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>这XML文档仅是纯粹的信息标签，这些标签意义的展开依赖于应用它的程序。</p>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑段落：结构">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84">结构</span></h2>
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+ <p>每个XML文档都由XML序言开始，在前面的代码中的第一行便是XML序言，&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;。这一行代码会告诉解析器和浏览器，这个文件应该按照前面讨论过的XML规则进行解析。第二行代码，&lt;books&gt;，则是文档元素（document element），它是文件中最外面的标签（我们认为元素（element）是起始标签和结束标签之间的内容）。所有其他的标签必须包含在这个标签之内来组成一个有效的XML文件。XML文件的第二行并不一定要包含文档元素；如果有注释或者其他内容，文档元素可以迟些出现。</p>
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+ <p>范例文件中的第三行代码是注释，你会发现它与HTML中使用的注释风格是一样的。这是XML从SGML中继承的语法元素之一。</p>
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+ <p>页面再往下的一些地方，可以发现&lt;desc&gt;标签裡有一些特殊的语法。&lt;![CDATA[ ]]&gt;代码用于表示无需进行解析的文本，允许诸如大于号和小于号之类的特殊字符包含在文本中，而无需担心破坏XML的语法。文本必须出现在&lt;![CDATA[和]]&gt;之间才能合适地避免被解析。这样的文本称为Character Data Section，简称CData Section。</p>
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+ <p>下面的一行就是在第二本书的定义之前的：</p>
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+ <p>&lt;?page render multiple authors&#160;?&gt;</p>
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+ <p>虽然它看上去很像XML序言，但实际上是一种称为处理指令（processing instruction）的不同类型的语法。处理指令（以下简称PI）的目的是为了给处理页面的程序（例如XML解析器）提供额外的信息。PI通常情况下是没有固定格式的，唯一的要求是紧随第一个问号必须至少有一个字母。在此之后，PI可以包含除了小于号和大于号之外的任何字符串序列。</p>
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+ <p>最常见的PI是用来指定XML文件的样式表：</p>
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+ <p>这个PI一般会直接放在XML序言之后，通常由Web浏览器使用，来将XML数据以特殊的样式显示出来。</p>
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+ <p>XML的结构有一个缺陷，那就是不支持分帧（framing）。当多条XML消息在TCP上传输的时候，无法基于XML协议来确定一条XML消息是否已经结束。</p>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑段落：参见">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81">参见</span></h2>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/DTD" title="DTD" class="mw-redirect">DTD</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0" title="文件类型描述">文件类型描述</a>）</li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLink&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XLink">XLink</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">X3D</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/RDF" title="RDF" class="mw-redirect">RDF</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑段落：外部链接">编辑</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5">外部链接</span></h2>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="http://xml.ascc.net/zh/utf-8/gloss.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">XML及SGML名词英汉翻译表 (台湾)</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <p><br /></p>
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+ <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";">
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+ <tr>
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+ <td style="padding:2px;">
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+ <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;">
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+ <tr>
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+ <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title">
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+ <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;">
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+ <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; color:#000000; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:W3C%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="Template:W3C规范和标准"><span style=";;border:none;" title="查看这个模板">查</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:W3C%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:W3C规范和标准"><span style=";;border:none;" title="关于这个模板的讨论页面">論</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:W3C%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&amp;action=edit" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><span style=";;border:none;" title="您可以编辑这个模板。请在储存变更之前先预览">編</span></a></div>
294
+ </div>
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+ <span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="万维网联盟">W3C</a>规范和标准</span></th>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px;">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";background-color:#e6e6ff;;"><a href="/wiki/W3C%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="W3C推荐标准">推薦標準</a></td>
302
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
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+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compound_Document_Format&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="文档对象模型">DOM</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="数学置标语言">MathML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="网络本体语言">OWL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P3P&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P3P">P3P</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RDF" title="RDF" class="mw-redirect">RDF</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RDF_Schema&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RDF Schema">RDF Schema</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="同步多媒体集成语言">SMIL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%96%AE%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="簡單物件存取協定" class="mw-redirect">SOAP</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%BC%A9%E6%94%BE%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="可缩放矢量图形" class="mw-redirect">SVG</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timed_Text&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Timed Text">Timed Text</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VoiceXML&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WSDL" title="WSDL">WSDL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XLink&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XLink">XLink</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><strong class="selflink">XML</strong>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Base&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XML Base">XML Base</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">XML Encryption</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Events&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XML Events">XML Events</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XML%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E9%9B%86" title="XML信息集">XML信息集</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XML%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="XML命名空间">XML命名空间</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">XML Signature</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XPointer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XPointer">XPointer</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XQuery">XQuery</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="可扩展样式语言">XSL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XSL-FO" title="XSL-FO">XSL-FO</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XSL_Transformations" title="XSL Transformations" class="mw-redirect">XSLT</a></span></div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";background-color:#e6e6ff;;">Notes</td>
311
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
312
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XAdES&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XAdES">XAdES</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML%2BSMIL&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></span></div>
313
+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";background-color:#e6e6ff;;">工作草案</td>
320
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
321
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURIE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CURIE">CURIE</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HTML_5" title="HTML 5">HTML 5</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InkML&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="InkML">InkML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_Integration_Compound_Document&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Web Integration Compound Document">WICD</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extensible_Forms_Description_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XFrames&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XFrames">XFrames</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest" class="mw-redirect">XMLHttpRequest</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XProc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XProc">XProc</a></span></div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";background-color:#e6e6ff;;">檢測</td>
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+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
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+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="無障礙網頁檢測">無障礙網頁檢測</a></div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";background-color:#e6e6ff;;">前标准</td>
338
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
339
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handheld_Device_Markup_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JavaScript_Style_Sheets&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language" class="mw-redirect">VML</a></span></div>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </table>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </table>
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+ <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";">
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+ <tr>
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+ <td style="padding:2px;">
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+ <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;">
350
+ <tr>
351
+ <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title">
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+ <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;">
353
+ <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; color:#000000; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Template:網頁技術與標準"><span style=";;border:none;" title="查看这个模板">查</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Template talk:網頁技術與標準"><span style=";;border:none;" title="关于这个模板的讨论页面">論</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96&amp;action=edit" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><span style=";;border:none;" title="您可以编辑这个模板。请在储存变更之前先预览">編</span></a></div>
354
+ </div>
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+ <span style="font-size:110%;">網頁技術與標準</span></th>
356
+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px;">
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+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">文档呈现语言</td>
362
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
363
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>*（<a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5" class="mw-redirect">HTML5</a>*）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>*<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <strong class="selflink">XML</strong>*<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>*<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/DHTML" title="DHTML">DHTML</a>*</div>
364
+ </td>
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+ </tr>
366
+ <tr style="height:2px">
367
+ <td></td>
368
+ </tr>
369
+ <tr>
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+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">样式格式描述语言</td>
371
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
372
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>*<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL" class="mw-redirect">XSL</a>*</div>
373
+ </td>
374
+ </tr>
375
+ <tr style="height:2px">
376
+ <td></td>
377
+ </tr>
378
+ <tr>
379
+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">动态网页技术</td>
380
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
381
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="通用网关接口">CGI</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">ASP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/ColdFusion" title="ColdFusion" class="mw-redirect">ColdFusion</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/JSP" title="JSP">JSP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a></div>
382
+ </td>
383
+ </tr>
384
+ <tr style="height:2px">
385
+ <td></td>
386
+ </tr>
387
+ <tr>
388
+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">客户端交互技术</td>
389
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
390
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Java_Applet" title="Java Applet" class="mw-redirect">Java Applet</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/AJAX" title="AJAX">AJAX</a>（<a href="/wiki/XMLHTTP" title="XMLHTTP">XMLHTTP</a>*）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a>（<a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flex" title="Adobe Flex">Flex</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Integrated_Runtime" title="Adobe Integrated Runtime" class="mw-redirect">AIR</a>）</div>
391
+ </td>
392
+ </tr>
393
+ <tr style="height:2px">
394
+ <td></td>
395
+ </tr>
396
+ <tr>
397
+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">客户端脚本语言</td>
398
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
399
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a></div>
400
+ </td>
401
+ </tr>
402
+ <tr style="height:2px">
403
+ <td></td>
404
+ </tr>
405
+ <tr>
406
+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">标识定位语言</td>
407
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
408
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符">URL</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源标志符">URI</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/URL%E9%87%8D%E5%AF%AB" title="URL重寫">URL重寫</a></div>
409
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr style="height:2px">
412
+ <td></td>
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+ </tr>
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+ <tr>
415
+ <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">文档纲要语言</td>
416
+ <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
417
+ <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0" title="文件类型描述">DTD</a>*<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a>*</div>
418
+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </table>
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+ </td>
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+ </tr>
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+ </table>
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+
425
+
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+ <!--
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+ NewPP limit report
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+ <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:idhash:3632-0!1!0!!zh!4!zh and timestamp 20110110032035 -->
435
+ <div class="printfooter">
436
+ 来自“<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML</a>”</div>
437
+ <!-- /bodytext -->
438
+ <!-- catlinks -->
439
+ <div id='catlinks' class='catlinks'><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">6个分类</a>: <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Category:網頁技術">網頁技術</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:W3C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="Category:W3C标准">W3C标准</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="Category:文件格式">文件格式</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:置标语言">置标语言</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:XML" title="Category:XML">XML</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="Category:数据序列化格式">数据序列化格式</a></span></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-cats-hidden">1个隐藏分类: <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></span></div></div> <!-- /catlinks -->
440
+ <div class="visualClear"></div>
441
+ </div>
442
+ <!-- /bodyContent -->
443
+ </div>
444
+ <!-- /content -->
445
+ <!-- header -->
446
+ <div id="mw-head" class="noprint">
447
+
448
+ <!-- 0 -->
449
+ <div id="p-personal" class="">
450
+ <h5>个人工具</h5>
451
+ <ul>
452
+ <li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=XML&amp;returntoquery=variant%3Dzh" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。 [o]" accesskey="o">登录／创建账户</a></li>
453
+ </ul>
454
+ </div>
455
+
456
+ <!-- /0 -->
457
+ <div id="left-navigation">
458
+
459
+ <!-- 0 -->
460
+ <div id="p-namespaces" class="vectorTabs">
461
+ <h5>名字空间</h5>
462
+ <ul>
463
+ <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="查看页面内容 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li>
464
+ <li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:XML" title="关于条目正文的讨论 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li>
465
+ </ul>
466
+ </div>
467
+
468
+ <!-- /0 -->
469
+
470
+ <!-- 1 -->
471
+ <div id="p-variants" class="vectorMenu">
472
+ <h4>
473
+ 不转换 </h4>
474
+ <h5><span>变换</span><a href="#"></a></h5>
475
+ <div class="menu">
476
+ <ul>
477
+ <li id="ca-0" class="selected"><a href="/zh/XML" >不转换</a></li>
478
+ <li id="ca-1"><a href="/zh-hans/XML" >简体</a></li>
479
+ <li id="ca-2"><a href="/zh-hant/XML" >繁體</a></li>
480
+ <li id="ca-3"><a href="/zh-cn/XML" >大陆简体</a></li>
481
+ <li id="ca-4"><a href="/zh-hk/XML" >港澳繁體</a></li>
482
+ <li id="ca-5"><a href="/zh-sg/XML" >马新简体</a></li>
483
+ <li id="ca-6"><a href="/zh-tw/XML" >台灣正體</a></li>
484
+ </ul>
485
+ </div>
486
+ </div>
487
+
488
+ <!-- /1 -->
489
+ </div>
490
+ <div id="right-navigation">
491
+
492
+ <!-- 0 -->
493
+ <div id="p-views" class="vectorTabs">
494
+ <h5>查看</h5>
495
+ <ul>
496
+ <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/XML" ><span>阅读</span></a></li>
497
+ <li id="ca-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=edit" title="你可编辑此页，请在保存前先预览一下。 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li>
498
+ <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible "><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li>
499
+ </ul>
500
+ </div>
501
+
502
+ <!-- /0 -->
503
+
504
+ <!-- 1 -->
505
+ <div id="p-cactions" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
506
+ <h5><span>动作</span><a href="#"></a></h5>
507
+ <div class="menu">
508
+ <ul>
509
+ </ul>
510
+ </div>
511
+ </div>
512
+
513
+ <!-- /1 -->
514
+
515
+ <!-- 2 -->
516
+ <div id="p-search">
517
+ <h5><label for="searchInput">搜索</label></h5>
518
+ <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
519
+ <input type='hidden' name="title" value="Special:搜索"/>
520
+ <div id="simpleSearch">
521
+ <input id="searchInput" name="search" type="text" title="搜索维基百科 [f]" accesskey="f" value="" />
522
+ <button id="searchButton" type='submit' name='button' title="搜索该文字的页面"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/search-ltr.png?283-19" alt="搜索" /></button>
523
+ </div>
524
+ </form>
525
+ </div>
526
+
527
+ <!-- /2 -->
528
+ </div>
529
+ </div>
530
+ <!-- /header -->
531
+ <!-- panel -->
532
+ <div id="mw-panel" class="noprint">
533
+ <!-- logo -->
534
+ <div id="p-logo"><a style="background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Wikipedia-logo-v2-zh.png);" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="首页"></a></div>
535
+ <!-- /logo -->
536
+
537
+ <!-- SEARCH -->
538
+
539
+ <!-- /SEARCH -->
540
+
541
+ <!-- navigation -->
542
+ <div class="portal" id='p-navigation'>
543
+ <h5>导航</h5>
544
+ <div class="body">
545
+ <ul>
546
+ <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页 [z]" accesskey="z">首页</a></li>
547
+ <li id="n-indexpage"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95">分類索引</a></li>
548
+ <li id="n-Featured_content"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9">特色内容</a></li>
549
+ <li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料">新闻动态</a></li>
550
+ <li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改 [r]" accesskey="r">最近更改</a></li>
551
+ <li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面 [x]" accesskey="x">随机条目</a></li>
552
+ </ul>
553
+ </div>
554
+ </div>
555
+
556
+ <!-- /navigation -->
557
+
558
+ <!-- help -->
559
+ <div class="portal" id='p-help'>
560
+ <h5>帮助</h5>
561
+ <div class="body">
562
+ <ul>
563
+ <li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助">帮助</a></li>
564
+ <li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做">社区入口</a></li>
565
+ <li id="n-policy"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95">方针与指引</a></li>
566
+ <li id="n-villagepump"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88">互助客栈</a></li>
567
+ <li id="n-Information_desk"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A9%A2%E5%95%8F%E8%99%95">询问处</a></li>
568
+ <li id="n-conversion"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E6%88%96%E5%80%99%E9%80%89">字词转换</a></li>
569
+ <li id="n-IRC"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93">IRC即时聊天</a></li>
570
+ <li id="n-contact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC">联系我们</a></li>
571
+ <li id="n-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li>
572
+ <li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Special:Landingcheck?landing_page=WMFJA1&amp;language=zh&amp;utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=20101204SB001" title="如果您在維基百科受益良多，您可以考慮資助我們">资助维基百科</a></li>
573
+ </ul>
574
+ </div>
575
+ </div>
576
+
577
+ <!-- /help -->
578
+
579
+ <!-- TOOLBOX -->
580
+ <div class="portal" id="p-tb">
581
+ <h5>工具</h5>
582
+ <div class="body">
583
+ <ul>
584
+ <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/XML" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面 [j]" accesskey="j">链入页面</a></li>
585
+ <li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/XML" title="页面链出所有页面的更改 [k]" accesskey="k">链出更改</a></li>
586
+ <li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件 [u]" accesskey="u">上传文件</a></li>
587
+ <li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表 [q]" accesskey="q">特殊页面</a></li>
588
+ <li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;variant=zh&amp;printable=yes" rel="alternate" title="这个页面的可打印版本 [p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li>
589
+ <li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&amp;oldid=15329713" title="这个页面修订版本的永久链接">永久链接</a></li>
590
+ <li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&amp;page=XML&amp;id=15329713" title="Information on how to cite this page">引用此文</a></li> </ul>
591
+ </div>
592
+ </div>
593
+
594
+ <!-- /TOOLBOX -->
595
+
596
+ <!-- LANGUAGES -->
597
+ <div class="portal" id="p-lang">
598
+ <h5>其他语言</h5>
599
+ <div class="body">
600
+ <ul>
601
+ <li class="interwiki-af"><a href="http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Afrikaans</a></li>
602
+ <li class="interwiki-ar"><a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لغة الرقم القابلة للامتداد">العربية</a></li>
603
+ <li class="interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="http://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Žemaitėška</a></li>
604
+ <li class="interwiki-bg"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Български</a></li>
605
+ <li class="interwiki-bn"><a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="এক্সটেনসিভ মার্কআপ ল্যাংগুয়েজ">বাংলা</a></li>
606
+ <li class="interwiki-bs"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Bosanski</a></li>
607
+ <li class="interwiki-ca"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Català</a></li>
608
+ <li class="interwiki-ckb"><a href="http://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="ئێکس ئێم ئێڵ">Soranî / کوردی</a></li>
609
+ <li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Česky</a></li>
610
+ <li class="interwiki-da"><a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Dansk</a></li>
611
+ <li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Deutsch</a></li>
612
+ <li class="interwiki-el"><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Ελληνικά</a></li>
613
+ <li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">English</a></li>
614
+ <li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Esperanto</a></li>
615
+ <li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Español</a></li>
616
+ <li class="interwiki-et"><a href="http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Eesti</a></li>
617
+ <li class="interwiki-eu"><a href="http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Euskara</a></li>
618
+ <li class="interwiki-fa"><a href="http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ایکس‌ام‌ال">فارسی</a></li>
619
+ <li class="interwiki-fi"><a href="http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Suomi</a></li>
620
+ <li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Français</a></li>
621
+ <li class="interwiki-ga"><a href="http://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Gaeilge</a></li>
622
+ <li class="interwiki-gl"><a href="http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Galego</a></li>
623
+ <li class="interwiki-he"><a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">עברית</a></li>
624
+ <li class="interwiki-hi"><a href="http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2" title="क्षमल">हिन्दी</a></li>
625
+ <li class="interwiki-hr"><a href="http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Hrvatski</a></li>
626
+ <li class="interwiki-hu"><a href="http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Magyar</a></li>
627
+ <li class="interwiki-ia"><a href="http://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Interlingua</a></li>
628
+ <li class="interwiki-id"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_markup_language" title="Extensible markup language">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li>
629
+ <li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Íslenska</a></li>
630
+ <li class="interwiki-it"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Italiano</a></li>
631
+ <li class="interwiki-ja"><a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">日本語</a></li>
632
+ <li class="interwiki-ko"><a href="http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">한국어</a></li>
633
+ <li class="interwiki-lo"><a href="http://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">ລາວ</a></li>
634
+ <li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Lietuvių</a></li>
635
+ <li class="interwiki-lv"><a href="http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valoda_XML" title="Valoda XML">Latviešu</a></li>
636
+ <li class="interwiki-ml"><a href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എക്സ്.എം.എൽ.">മലയാളം</a></li>
637
+ <li class="interwiki-mn"><a href="http://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Монгол</a></li>
638
+ <li class="interwiki-ms"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Bahasa Melayu</a></li>
639
+ <li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">Nederlands</a></li>
640
+ <li class="interwiki-nn"><a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬</a></li>
641
+ <li class="interwiki-no"><a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">‪Norsk (bokmål)‬</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Polski</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Português</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-ro"><a href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Română</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Русский</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-simple"><a href="http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Simple English</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-sk"><a href="http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Slovenčina</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-sl"><a href="http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Slovenščina</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-sq"><a href="http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Shqip</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-sr"><a href="http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Српски / Srpski</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Svenska</a></li>
652
+ <li class="interwiki-ta"><a href="http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எக்ஸ்எம்எல்">தமிழ்</a></li>
653
+ <li class="interwiki-te"><a href="http://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">తెలుగు</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-tg"><a href="http://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Тоҷикӣ</a></li>
655
+ <li class="interwiki-th"><a href="http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอกซ์เอ็มแอล">ไทย</a></li>
656
+ <li class="interwiki-tk"><a href="http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Türkmençe</a></li>
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+ <li class="interwiki-tr"><a href="http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geni%C5%9Fletilebilir_i%C5%9Faretleme_dili" title="Genişletilebilir işaretleme dili">Türkçe</a></li>
658
+ <li class="interwiki-uk"><a href="http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Українська</a></li>
659
+ <li class="interwiki-ur"><a href="http://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="توسیعی زبان تدوین">اردو</a></li>
660
+ <li class="interwiki-vi"><a href="http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">Tiếng Việt</a></li>
661
+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <!-- /LANGUAGES -->
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