statsample 0.14.1 → 0.15.0

data/History.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+=== 0.15.0 / 2010-09-07
+* Added class Statsample::Reliability::ICC for calculation of Intra-class correlation (Shrout & Fleiss, 1979; McGraw & Wong, 1996). Tested with SPSS and R values.
+* References: Updated and standarized references on many classes. Added grab_references.rb script, to create a list of references for library
+* Added Spearman-Brown prophecy on Reliability module
+* Distribution::F uses Gsl when available
+* Added mean r.p.b. and item sd on Scale Analysis
+* Corrected bug on Vector.ary_method and example of Anova Two Way using vector.  
+
+
 === 0.14.1 / 2010-08-18
 
 * Added extra information on $DEBUG=true. 

data/Manifest.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ examples/correlation_matrix.rb
 examples/dataset.rb
 examples/dominance_analysis.rb
 examples/dominance_analysis_bootstrap.rb
+examples/icc.rb
 examples/levene.rb
 examples/multiple_regression.rb
 examples/multivariate_correlation.rb
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ examples/tetrachoric.rb
 examples/u_test.rb
 examples/vector.rb
 examples/velicer_map_test.rb
+grab_references.rb
 lib/distribution.rb
 lib/distribution/chisquare.rb
 lib/distribution/f.rb
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ lib/statsample/regression/multiple/matrixengine.rb
 lib/statsample/regression/multiple/rubyengine.rb
 lib/statsample/regression/simple.rb
 lib/statsample/reliability.rb
+lib/statsample/reliability/icc.rb
 lib/statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb
 lib/statsample/reliability/scaleanalysis.rb
 lib/statsample/resample.rb
@@ -100,6 +103,7 @@ lib/statsample/vector.rb
 po/es/statsample.mo
 po/es/statsample.po
 po/statsample.pot
+references.txt
 setup.rb
 test/fixtures/correlation_matrix.rb
 test/helpers_tests.rb
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@ test/test_multiset.rb
 test/test_permutation.rb
 test/test_regression.rb
 test/test_reliability.rb
+test/test_reliability_icc.rb
 test/test_resample.rb
 test/test_rserve_extension.rb
 test/test_srs.rb

data/README.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Include:
 * Descriptive statistics: frequencies, median, mean, standard error, skew, kurtosis (and many others).
 * Imports and exports datasets from and to Excel, CSV and plain text files.
 * Correlations: Pearson's r, Spearman's rank correlation (rho), point biserial, tau a, tau b and  gamma.  Tetrachoric and Polychoric correlation provides by +statsample-bivariate-extension+ gem.
+* Intra-class correlation
 * Anova: generic and vector-based One-way ANOVA and Two-way ANOVA
 * Tests: F, T, Levene, U-Mannwhitney.
 * Regression: Simple, Multiple (OLS), Probit  and Logit
@@ -57,10 +58,13 @@ Include:
   * Statsample::GGobi : Write Ggobi files
 * Module Statsample::Crosstab provides function to create crosstab for categorical data
 * Module Statsample::Reliability provides functions to analyze scales with psychometric methods. 
-  * Class ScaleAnalysis provides statistics like mean, standard deviation for a scale, Cronbach's alpha and standarized Cronbach's alpha, and for each item: mean, correlation with total scale, mean if deleted, Cronbach's alpha is deleted.
-  * Class MultiScaleAnalysis provides a DSL to easily analyze reliability of multiple scales and retrieve correlation matrix and factor analysis of them.
+  * Class Statsample::Reliability::ScaleAnalysis provides statistics like mean, standard deviation for a scale, Cronbach's alpha and standarized Cronbach's alpha, and for each item: mean, correlation with total scale, mean if deleted, Cronbach's alpha is deleted.
+  * Class Statsample::Reliability::MultiScaleAnalysis provides a DSL to easily analyze reliability of multiple scales and retrieve correlation matrix and factor analysis of them.
+  * Class Statsample::Reliability::ICC provides intra-class correlation, using Shrout & Fleiss(1979) and McGraw & Wong (1996) formulation.
 * Module Statsample::SRS (Simple Random Sampling) provides a lot of functions to estimate standard error for several type of samples
 * Module Statsample::Test provides several methods and classes to perform inferencial statistics
+  * Statsample::Test::BartlettSphericity
+  * Statsample::Test::ChiSquare
   * Statsample::Test::Levene
   * Statsample::Test::UMannWhitney
   * Statsample::Test::T
@@ -71,6 +75,8 @@ Include:
 
 == Examples of use:
 
+See multiples examples of use on [http://github.com/clbustos/statsample/tree/master/examples/]
+
 === Correlation matrix
 
     require 'statsample'

data/examples/icc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+$:.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__)+'/../lib/')
+
+require 'statsample'
+size=1000
+a=size.times.map {rand(10)}.to_scale
+b=a.recode{|i|i+rand(4)-2}
+c=a.recode{|i|i+rand(4)-2}
+d=a.recode{|i|i+rand(4)-2}
+@ds={'a'=>a,'b'=>b,'c'=>c,'d'=>d}.to_dataset
+
+
+
+@icc=Statsample::Reliability::ICC.new(@ds)
+
+puts @icc.summary
+
+@icc.type=:icc_3_1
+
+puts @icc.summary
+
+
+@icc.type=:icc_a_k
+
+puts @icc.summary
+

data/grab_references.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby1.9
+require 'reportbuilder'
+refs=[]
+Dir.glob "**/*.rb" do |f|
+	reference=false
+	File.open(f).each_line 	do |l|
+		
+		if l=~/== Reference/
+		    reference=true
+		elsif reference
+			if l=~/\*\s+(.+)/
+				refs.push $1
+			else
+				reference=false
+			end
+	        end
+	    
+	end
+end
+
+
+rb=ReportBuilder.new(:name=>"References") do |g|
+	refs.uniq.sort.each do |r|
+		g.text "* #{r}"
+	end
+end
+
+rb.save_text("references.txt")

data/lib/distribution.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 begin
-    require 'statistics2'
+  require 'statistics2'
 rescue LoadError
-    puts "You should install statistics2"
+  puts "You should install statistics2"
 end
 # Several distributions modules to calculate cdf, inverse cdf and pdf
 # See Distribution::Pdf for interface.
@@ -12,16 +12,10 @@ end
 #    Distribution::Normal.p_value(0.95)
 #    => 1.64485364660836
 module Distribution
-  begin
-    require 'rbgsl'
-    def self.has_gsl?
-      true
-    end
-  rescue LoadError
-    def self.has_gsl?
-      false
-    end
+  def self.has_gsl?
+    Statsample.has_gsl?
   end
+  
   autoload(:ChiSquare, 'distribution/chisquare')
   autoload(:T, 'distribution/t')
   autoload(:F, 'distribution/f')

data/lib/distribution/f.rb

@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ module Distribution
       #
       #   Distribution::F.p_value(0.95,1,2)
       def p_value(pr,k1,k2)
-        Statistics2.pfdist(k1,k2, pr)
+        # Statistics2 has some troubles with extreme f values
+        if Distribution.has_gsl?
+          GSL::Cdf.fdist_Pinv(pr,k1,k2)
+        else
+          #puts "F:#{k1}, #{k2},#{pr}"
+          Statistics2.pfdist(k1,k2, pr)
+        end
       end
       # F cumulative distribution function (cdf).
       # 
@@ -18,7 +24,11 @@ module Distribution
       #   Distribution::F.cdf(20,3,2)
       # 
       def cdf(x, k1, k2)
-        Statistics2.fdist(k1, k2,x)
+        if Distribution.has_gsl?
+          GSL::Cdf.fdist_P(x.to_f,k1,k2)
+        else
+          Statistics2.fdist(k1, k2,x)
+        end
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/statsample.rb

@@ -102,18 +102,20 @@ end
 # * Interfaces to gdchart, gnuplot and SVG::Graph 
 #
 module Statsample
-  begin
-    require 'rbgsl'
-    def self.has_gsl?
-      true
-    end
-  rescue LoadError
-    def self.has_gsl?
-      false
+  @@has_gsl=nil
+  def self.has_gsl?
+    if @@has_gsl.nil?
+      begin
+        require 'rbgsl'
+        @@has_gsl=true
+      rescue LoadError
+        @@has_gsl=false
+      end
     end
+    @@has_gsl
   end
   
-  VERSION = '0.14.1'
+  VERSION = '0.15.0'
   SPLIT_TOKEN = ","
   autoload(:Database, 'statsample/converters')
   autoload(:Anova, 'statsample/anova')

data/lib/statsample/anova/oneway.rb

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ module Statsample
                       :name_numerator=>_("Between Groups"),
                       :name_denominator=>_("Within Groups"),
                       :summary_descriptives=>false,
-                      :summary_levene=>false}
+                      :summary_levene=>true}
         @opts=opts_default.merge(opts).merge(:ss_num=>ssbg, :ss_den=>sswg, :df_num=>df_bg, :df_den=>df_wg)
         super(@opts)
       end

data/lib/statsample/anova/twoway.rb

@@ -107,16 +107,10 @@ module Statsample
     
     # Two Way Anova with vectors
     # Example:
-    #   v1=[2,3,4,5,6].to_scale
-    #   v2=[3,3,4,5,6].to_scale
-    #   v3=[5,3,1,5,6].to_scale
-    #   anova=Statsample::Anova::OneWayWithVectors.new([v1,v2,v3])
-    #   anova.f
-    #   => 0.0243902439024391
-    #   anova.probability
-    #   => 0.975953044203438
-    #   anova.sst 
-    #   => 32.9333333333333
+    #   v1=[1,1,2,2].to_scale
+    #   v2=[1,2,1,2].to_scale
+    #   v3=[5,3,1,5].to_scale
+    #   anova=Statsample::Anova::TwoWayWithVectors.new(:a=>v1,:b=>v2, :dependent=>v3)
     #
     class TwoWayWithVectors < TwoWay
        # Show summary Levene test

data/lib/statsample/dataset.rb

@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ module Statsample
     # if fields parameter is empty, return the mean for all fields
     # if max invalid parameter > 0, returns the mean for all tuples
     # with 0 to max_invalid invalid fields
-    def vector_mean(fields=nil,max_invalid=0)
+    def vector_mean(fields=nil, max_invalid=0)
       a=[]
       fields=check_fields(fields)
       size=fields.size

data/lib/statsample/dominanceanalysis.rb

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ module Statsample
   #  | b - c | 1.0   | 1.0         | 1.0     |
   #  -----------------------------------------
   #
-  # == References:
+  # == Reference:
   # * Budescu, D. V. (1993). Dominance analysis: a new approach to the problem of relative importance of predictors in multiple regression. <em>Psychological Bulletin, 114</em>, 542-551.
   # * Azen, R. & Budescu, D.V. (2003). The dominance analysis approach for comparing predictors in multiple regression. <em>Psychological Methods, 8</em>(2), 129-148.
   # * Azen, R. & Budescu, D.V. (2006). Comparing predictors in Multivariate Regression Models: An extension of Dominance Analysis. <em>Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31</em>(2), 157-180.

data/lib/statsample/dominanceanalysis/bootstrap.rb

@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ module Statsample
     #  ---------------------------------------
     #
     # == References:
-    #
     # * Azen, R. & Budescu, D.V. (2003). The dominance analysis approach for comparing predictors in multiple regression. <em>Psychological Methods, 8</em>(2), 129-148.
     class Bootstrap
       include Writable

data/lib/statsample/factor/map.rb

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module Statsample
   # Current algorithm is loosely based on SPSS O'Connor algorithm
   # 
   # == Reference
-  # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
+  # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
   #
 
 

data/lib/statsample/factor/parallelanalysis.rb

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ module Statsample
     # *With number of cases and variables*
     #   pa=Statsample::Factor::ParallelAnalysis.with_random_data(100,8)
     # 
-    # == References:
+    # == Reference:
     # * Hayton, J., Allen, D. & Scarpello, V.(2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. <i>Organizational Research Methods, 7</i> (2), 191-205.
-    # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32 (3), 396-402
+    # * O'Connor, B. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396-402.
     # * Liu, O., & Rijmen, F. (2008). A modified procedure for parallel analysis of ordered categorical data. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 556-562.
 
     class ParallelAnalysis

data/lib/statsample/factor/pca.rb

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ module Factor
   #   => [0.962964636346122, 0.962964636346122]
   #
   # == References:
-  #
-  # * SPSS manual
+  # * SPSS Manual
   # * Smith, L. (2002). A tutorial on Principal Component Analysis. Available on http://courses.eas.ualberta.ca/eas570/pca_tutorial.pdf 
   # 
   class PCA

data/lib/statsample/factor/principalaxis.rb

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ module Factor
   #   => [0.962964636346122, 0.962964636346122]
   #
   # == References:
-  #
-  # * SPSS manual
+  # * SPSS Manual
   # * Smith, L. (2002). A tutorial on Principal Component Analysis. Available on http://courses.eas.ualberta.ca/eas570/pca_tutorial.pdf 
   #   
   class PrincipalAxis

data/lib/statsample/factor/rotation.rb

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ module Statsample
 module Factor
   # Base class for component matrix rotation.
   #
-  # == References: 
+  # == Reference:
   # * SPSS Manual
-  # * Johnny Lin code for IDL: [http://www.johnny-lin.com/idl_code/varimax_k58.pro]
+  # * Lin, J. (2007). VARIMAX_K58 [Source code]. [http://www.johnny-lin.com/idl_code/varimax_k58.pro]
   # 
   # Use subclasses Varimax, Equimax or Quartimax for desired type of rotation
   #   Use:

data/lib/statsample/histogram.rb

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ module Statsample
   #  add an extra bin to your histogram. 
   #
   #
-  # Reference:
-  # http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/manual/html_node/The-histogram-struct.html
+  # == Reference:
+  # * http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/manual/html_node/The-histogram-struct.html
   
     class Histogram
       class << self

data/lib/statsample/reliability.rb

@@ -21,6 +21,21 @@ module Statsample
         }.to_dataset
         cronbach_alpha(ds)
       end
+      # Predicted reliability of a test by replicating
+      # +n+ times the number of items 
+      def spearman_brown_prophecy(r,n)
+        (n*r).quo(1+(n-1)*r)
+      end
+      
+      alias :sbp :spearman_brown_prophecy
+      # Returns the number of items 
+      # to obtain +r_d+ desired reliability
+      # from +r+ current reliability, achieved with
+      # +n+ items
+      def n_for_desired_reliability(r,r_d,n=1)
+        (r_d*(1-r)).quo(r*(1-r_d))*n
+      end
+      
       # Get Cronbach alpha from <tt>n</tt> cases, 
       # <tt>s2</tt> mean variance and <tt>cov</tt>
       # mean covariance
@@ -120,5 +135,7 @@ module Statsample
     end # self
   end # Reliability
 end # Statsample
+
+require 'statsample/reliability/icc.rb'
 require 'statsample/reliability/scaleanalysis.rb'
 require 'statsample/reliability/multiscaleanalysis.rb'

data/lib/statsample/reliability/icc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+module Statsample
+  module Reliability
+    # = Intra-class correlation
+    # According to Shrout & Fleiss (1979, p.422): "ICC is the correlation 
+    # between one measurement (either a single rating or a mean of 
+    # several ratings) on a target and another measurement obtained on that target"
+    # 
+    # == Reference
+    # * Shrout,P. & Fleiss, J. (1979). Intraclass Correlation: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420-428
+    # * McGraw, K. & Wong, S.P. (1996). Forming Inferences About Some Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. Psychological methods, 1(1), 30-46.
+
+    class ICC
+      include Summarizable
+      
+      # Create a ICC analysis for a given dataset
+      # Each vector is a different measurement. Only uses complete data 
+      # (listwise deletion).
+      #
+      
+      attr_reader :df_bt
+      attr_reader :df_wt
+      attr_reader :df_bj
+      attr_reader :df_residual
+
+      attr_reader :ms_bt
+      attr_reader :ms_wt
+      attr_reader :ms_bj
+      attr_reader :ms_residual
+
+      alias :bms :ms_bt
+      alias :wms :ms_wt
+      alias :jms :ms_bj
+      alias :ems :ms_residual
+      
+      alias :msr :ms_bt
+      alias :msw :ms_wt
+      alias :msc :ms_bj
+      alias :mse :ms_residual
+      
+      # :section: Shrout and Fleiss ICC denominations
+      attr_reader :icc_1_1
+      attr_reader :icc_2_1
+      attr_reader :icc_3_1
+      attr_reader :icc_1_k
+      attr_reader :icc_2_k
+      attr_reader :icc_3_k
+
+      # :section: McGraw and Wong ICC denominations
+      
+      attr_reader :icc_1
+      attr_reader :icc_c_1
+      attr_reader :icc_a_1
+      attr_reader :icc_k
+      attr_reader :icc_c_k
+      attr_reader :icc_a_k
+      
+      
+      attr_reader :n, :k
+      attr_reader :total_mean
+      # Type of analysis, for easy summarization
+      # By default, set to :icc_1
+      # * Shrout & Fleiss(1979) denominations
+      #   * :icc_1_1
+      #   * :icc_2_1
+      #   * :icc_3_1
+      #   * :icc_1_k
+      #   * :icc_2_k
+      #   * :icc_3_k
+      # * McGraw & Wong (1996) denominations
+      #   * :icc_1
+      #   * :icc_k
+      #   * :icc_c_1
+      #   * :icc_c_k
+      #   * :icc_a_1
+      #   * :icc_a_k
+
+      attr_reader :type
+      # ICC value, set with :type
+      attr_reader :r
+      attr_reader :f
+      attr_reader :lbound
+      attr_reader :ubound
+      
+      attr_accessor :g_rho
+      attr_accessor :alpha
+      attr_accessor :name
+      def initialize(ds, opts=Hash.new)
+        @ds=ds.dup_only_valid
+        @vectors=@ds.vectors.values
+        @n=@ds.cases
+        @k=@ds.fields.size
+        compute
+        @g_rho=0
+        @alpha=0.05
+        @icc_name=nil
+        opts_default={:name=>"Intra-class correlation", :type=>:icc_1}
+        @opts=opts_default.merge(opts)
+        @opts.each{|k,v| self.send("#{k}=",v) if self.respond_to? k }
+      end
+      def type=(v)
+        case v
+          when :icc_1_1
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(1,1)")
+            @r=@icc_1_1
+            @f=icc_1_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_1_1_ci(@alpha)            
+          when :icc_2_1
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(2,1)")
+            @r=@icc_2_1
+            @f=icc_2_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_2_1_ci(@alpha)            
+            
+          when :icc_3_1
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(3,1)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_3_1
+            @f=icc_3_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_3_1_ci(@alpha)            
+
+          when :icc_1_k
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(1,k)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_1_k
+            @f=icc_1_k_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_1_k_ci(@alpha)            
+          when :icc_2_k
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(2,k)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_2_k
+            @f=icc_2_k_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_2_k_ci(@alpha)            
+            
+          when :icc_3_k
+            @icc_name=_("Shrout & Fleiss ICC(3,k)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_3_k
+            @f=icc_3_k_f
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_3_k_ci(@alpha)            
+            
+            
+          when :icc_1
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(1)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_1_1
+            @f=icc_1_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_1_1_ci(@alpha)
+          when :icc_k
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(K)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_1_k
+            @f=icc_1_k_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_1_k_ci(@alpha)
+          when :icc_c_1
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(C,1)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_3_1
+            @f=icc_c_1_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_3_1_ci(@alpha)
+
+          when :icc_c_k
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(C,K)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_3_k
+            @f=icc_c_k_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound, @ubound=icc_c_k_ci(@alpha)
+
+          when :icc_a_1
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(A,1)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_2_1
+            @f=icc_a_1_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound,@ubound = icc_2_1_ci(@alpha)
+
+          when :icc_a_k
+            @icc_name=_("McGraw & Wong ICC(A,K)")
+            
+            @r=@icc_2_k
+            @f=icc_a_k_f(@g_rho)
+            @lbound,@ubound=icc_2_k_ci(@alpha)
+
+          else
+            raise "Type #{v} doesn't exists" 
+        end
+      end
+      def compute
+        @df_bt=n-1
+        @df_wt=n*(k-1)
+        @df_bj=k-1
+        @df_residual=(n-1)*(k-1)
+        @total_mean=@vectors.inject(0){|ac,v| ac+v.sum}.quo(n*k)
+        vm=@ds.vector_mean
+        
+        @ss_bt=k*vm.ss(@total_mean)
+        @ms_bt=@ss_bt.quo(@df_bt)
+        
+        @ss_bj=n*@vectors.inject(0){|ac,v| ac+(v.mean-@total_mean).square}
+        @ms_bj=@ss_bj.quo(@df_bj)
+        
+        @ss_wt=@vectors.inject(0){|ac,v| ac+(v-vm).ss(0)}
+        @ms_wt=@ss_wt.quo(@df_wt)
+        
+        @ss_residual=@ss_wt-@ss_bj
+        @ms_residual=@ss_residual.quo(@df_residual)
+        ###
+        # Shrout and Fleiss denomination
+        ###
+        # ICC(1,1) / ICC(1)
+        @icc_1_1=(bms-wms).quo(bms+(k-1)*wms) 
+        # ICC(2,1) / ICC(A,1)
+        @icc_2_1=(bms-ems).quo(bms+(k-1)*ems+k*(jms - ems).quo(n))  
+        # ICC(3,1) / ICC(C,1)
+        @icc_3_1=(bms-ems).quo(bms+(k-1)*ems) 
+        
+        
+        
+        # ICC(1,K) / ICC(K)
+        @icc_1_k=(bms-wms).quo(bms) 
+        # ICC(2,K) / ICC(A,k)
+        @icc_2_k=(bms-ems).quo(bms+(jms-ems).quo(n))
+        # ICC(3,K) / ICC(C,k) = Cronbach's alpha
+        @icc_3_k=(bms-ems).quo(bms) 
+        
+        ###
+        # McGraw and Wong
+        ###
+        
+      end
+      
+      def icc_1_f(rho=0.0)
+        num=msr*(1-rho)
+        den=msw*(1+(k-1)*rho)
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt, @df_wt)
+      end
+      # One way random F, type k
+      def icc_1_k_f(rho=0)
+        num=msr*(1-rho)
+        den=msw
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt, @df_wt)
+      end
+      
+      def icc_c_1_f(rho=0)
+        num=msr*(1-rho)
+        den=mse*(1+(k-1)*rho)
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt, @df_residual)
+      end
+      def icc_c_k_f(rho=0)
+        num=(1-rho)
+        den=1-@icc_3_k
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt, @df_residual)
+      end
+      
+      def v(a,b)
+        ((a*msc+b*mse)**2).quo(((a*msc)**2.quo(k-1))+((b*mse)**2.quo( (n-1) * (k-1))))
+      end
+      def a(rho)
+        (k*rho).quo(n*(1-rho))
+      end
+      def b(rho)
+        1+((k*rho*(n-1)).quo(n*(1-rho)))
+      end
+      def c(rho)
+        rho.quo(n*(1-rho))
+      end
+      def d(rho)
+        1+((rho*(n-1)).quo(n*(1-rho)))
+      end
+      private :v, :a, :b, :c, :d
+      def icc_a_1_f(rho=0)
+        fj=jms.quo(ems)
+        num=msr
+        den=a(rho)*msc+b(rho)*mse
+        pp = @icc_2_1
+        vn=(k-1)*(n-1)*((k*pp*fj+n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        vd=(n-1)*(k**2)*(pp**2)*(fj**2)+((n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        v=vn.quo(vd)
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt, v)        
+      end
+      
+      def icc_a_k_f(rho=0)
+        num=msr
+        den=c(rho)*msc+d(rho)*mse
+        
+        fj=jms.quo(ems)
+        
+        pp = @icc_2_k
+        vn=(k-1)*(n-1)*((k*pp*fj+n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        vd=(n-1)*(k**2)*(pp**2)*(fj**2)+((n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        v=vn.quo(vd)
+        
+        
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(num, den, @df_bt,v)        
+
+      end
+      
+      # F test for ICC Case 1. Shrout and Fleiss
+      def icc_1_f_shrout
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(bms, wms, @df_bt, @df_wt)
+      end
+
+      # Intervale of confidence for ICC (1,1)
+      def icc_1_1_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+       
+        fu=icc_1_f.f*Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_wt, @df_bt)
+        fl=icc_1_f.f.quo(Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_bt, @df_wt))
+        
+        [(fl-1).quo(fl+k-1), (fu-1).quo(fu+k-1)]
+      end
+      
+      # Intervale of confidence for ICC (1,k)
+      def icc_1_k_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+        fu=icc_1_f.f*Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_wt, @df_bt)
+        fl=icc_1_f.f.quo(Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_bt, @df_wt))
+        [1-1.quo(fl), 1-1.quo(fu)]
+      end
+      
+      # F test for ICC Case 2
+      def icc_2_f
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(bms, ems, @df_bt, @df_residual)
+      end
+      
+      
+      #
+      # F* for ICC(2,1) and ICC(2,k)
+      # 
+      def icc_2_1_fs(pp,alpha=0.05)
+        fj=jms.quo(ems)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+        vn=(k-1)*(n-1)*((k*pp*fj+n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        vd=(n-1)*(k**2)*(pp**2)*(fj**2)+((n*(1+(k-1)*pp)-k*pp)**2)
+        v=vn.quo(vd)
+        f1=Distribution::F.p_value(per, n-1,v)
+        f2=Distribution::F.p_value(per, v, n-1)
+        [f1,f2]
+      end
+     
+      
+      def icc_2_1_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        icc_2_1_ci_mcgraw
+      end
+      
+      # Confidence interval ICC(A,1), McGawn
+      
+      def icc_2_1_ci_mcgraw(alpha=0.05)
+        fd,fu=icc_2_1_fs(icc_2_1,alpha)
+        cl=(n*(msr-fd*mse)).quo(fd*(k*msc+(k*n-k-n)*mse)+n*msr)
+        cu=(n*(fu*msr-mse)).quo(k*msc+(k*n-k-n)*mse+n*fu*msr)
+        [cl,cu]
+      end
+      
+      def icc_2_k_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        icc_2_k_ci_mcgraw(alpha)
+      end
+      
+      def icc_2_k_ci_mcgraw(alpha=0.05)
+        f1,f2=icc_2_1_fs(icc_2_k,alpha)
+        [
+        (n*(msr-f1*mse)).quo(f1*(msc-mse)+n*msr),
+        (n*(f2*msr-mse)).quo(msc-mse+n*f2*msr)
+        ]
+        
+      end
+      def icc_2_k_ci_shrout(alpha=0.05)
+        ci=icc_2_1_ci(alpha)
+        [(ci[0]*k).quo(1+(k-1)*ci[0]), (ci[1]*k).quo(1+(k-1)*ci[1])]
+      end
+      
+      
+      def icc_3_f
+        Statsample::Test::F.new(bms, ems, @df_bt, @df_residual)
+      end
+      
+      def icc_3_1_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+        fl=icc_3_f.f.quo(Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_bt, @df_residual))
+        fu=icc_3_f.f*Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_residual, @df_bt)
+        [(fl-1).quo(fl+k-1), (fu-1).quo(fu+k-1)]
+      end
+      
+      def icc_3_k_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+        fl=icc_3_f.f.quo(Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_bt, @df_residual))
+        fu=icc_3_f.f*Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_residual, @df_bt)
+        [1-1.quo(fl),1-1.quo(fu)]
+      end
+      
+      def icc_c_k_ci(alpha=0.05)
+        per=1-(0.5*alpha)
+        fl=icc_c_k_f.f.quo(Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_bt, @df_residual))
+        fu=icc_c_k_f.f*Distribution::F.p_value(per, @df_residual, @df_bt)
+        [1-1.quo(fl),1-1.quo(fu)]
+      end
+      def report_building(b)
+         b.section(:name=>name) do |s|
+           s.text @icc_name
+           s.text _("ICC: %0.4f") % @r
+           s.parse_element(@f)
+           s.text _("CI (%0.2f): [%0.4f - %0.4f]") % [(1-@alpha)*100, @lbound, @ubound]
+         end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end