sqlite3 2.9.5-x86-linux-musl → 2.9.6-x86-linux-musl

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 # sqlite3-ruby Changelog
 
+## 2.9.6 / 2026-08-11
+
+### Security / Stability
+
+- Fix a garbage collection bug where the argument array passed to a custom aggregate function's `step` was not visible to the GC, so arguments could be collected mid-conversion when the aggregate takes two or more arguments, corrupting the values passed to `step` or crashing the process. See [GHSA-mwm8-39rw-8826](https://github.com/sparklemotion/sqlite3-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-mwm8-39rw-8826) for more information. #733 @jeremy
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix a leak where custom aggregate handler instances were never released, so a connection accumulated one instance per `GROUP BY` group per query for its lifetime. #722 @djmb
+- Fix GC compaction issues with custom functions, aggregates, collations, `#trace` and `#authorizer=`. These callbacks were registered with sqlite by passing a raw Ruby object pointer as user data; keeping the object reachable prevented collection but not relocation, after which sqlite held a stale address and the next call could raise `NoMethodError`, return a wrong result, or segfault. Affects applications that call `GC.compact` or run with `GC.auto_compact = true`. The equivalent issue in `#busy_handler` was fixed in #466. #723 @djmb
+- Fix the private methods `Database#open_v2` and `#open16` silently replacing a live connection and leaking the previous connection handle when invoked via `send` on an open database. They now raise `SQLite3::Exception`. #729 @flavorjones
+- Fix TEXT values containing an embedded NUL byte being truncated at the first NUL when passed as arguments to functions created with `Database#define_function`. #730 @flavorjones
+- Fix an exception raised inside a `Database#define_function` block leaving the connection's sqlite mutex held, which deadlocked any other thread that later used the connection. The exception now propagates to the caller and the connection remains usable. #731 @flavorjones
+- `Database.new` now raises `ArgumentError` when the filename or VFS name contains an embedded NUL byte (or an embedded 0x0000 code unit in a UTF-16 filename), instead of silently opening a path truncated at the NUL. #732 @flavorjones
+
+
+### Improved
+
+- When `Database.new` fails to open the database file, the underlying sqlite3 connection handle is now closed immediately instead of waiting for the garbage collector to clean it up. #719 @katafrakt
+
+
 ## 2.9.5 / 2026-06-07
 
 ### Dependencies

data/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -27,6 +27,71 @@ explicitly closed, it will be closed when it is GCed.
 will be closed/finalized when it is GCed.
 
 
+## Debugging memory issues
+
+Please install `valgrind` and `gdb` before you use the tools in this section.
+
+Run the test suite under valgrind and [`ruby_memcheck`](https://github.com/Shopify/ruby_memcheck) to
+look for memory leaks and other memory errors:
+
+``` sh
+bundle exec rake compile test:valgrind
+```
+
+If you can't install valgrind on your system, use the `sqlite3-dev` docker image, which contains
+valgrind:
+
+``` sh
+# build the image
+bundle exec rake docker:dev:build
+
+# run the test suite in a container
+bundle exec rake docker:dev:test
+
+# run the test suite under valgrind in a container
+bundle exec rake docker:dev:test:valgrind
+```
+
+Each `docker:dev:test` task builds the image first, then mounts your working copy at `/sqlite3` in
+the container. Note that the container compiles into the mounted working copy, so please re-run
+`rake compile` on your machine afterwards.
+
+Run the test suite in the debugger:
+
+``` sh
+bundle exec rake compile test:gdb
+```
+
+You can also run the test suite with a variety of GC behaviors, which is useful to localize some
+classes of memory bugs. Set the `SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL` environment variable (see `test/helper.rb`
+for more info). A more stressful level finds more bugs, but makes the suite slower:
+
+``` sh
+# ordinary GC behavior (the default)
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=normal bundle exec rake compile test
+
+# minor GC after each test
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=minor bundle exec rake compile test
+
+# major GC after each test
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=major bundle exec rake compile test
+
+# major GC after each test, and GC compaction after every 20 tests
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=compact bundle exec rake compile test
+
+# verify references after compaction, after every 20 tests
+# (see https://alanwu.space/post/check-compaction/)
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=verify bundle exec rake compile test
+
+# run each test with GC "stress mode" on
+SQLITE3_TEST_GC_LEVEL=stress bundle exec rake compile test
+```
+
+The `compact` and `verify` levels fall back to `normal` on a platform that does not support GC
+compaction. The `stress` level makes the suite about 150 times slower, and it makes
+timing-sensitive tests unreliable.
+
+
 ## Building gems
 
 As a prerequisite please make sure you have `docker` correctly installed, so that you're able to cross-compile the native gems.

data/ext/sqlite3/aggregator.c

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ rb_sqlite3_aggregate_instance_destroy(sqlite3_context *ctx)
     VALUE *inst_ptr = sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
     VALUE inst;
 
-    if (!inst_ptr || (inst = *inst_ptr)) {
+    if (!inst_ptr || !(inst = *inst_ptr)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ rb_sqlite3_aggregator_step(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
     VALUE inst = rb_sqlite3_aggregate_instance(ctx);
     VALUE handler_instance = rb_iv_get(inst, "-handler_instance");
     VALUE *params = NULL;
+    VALUE params_handle = 0;
     VALUE one_param;
     int exc_status = NUM2INT(rb_iv_get(inst, "-exc_status"));
     int i;
@@ -132,7 +133,9 @@ rb_sqlite3_aggregator_step(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
         params = &one_param;
     }
     if (argc > 1) {
-        params = xcalloc((size_t)argc, sizeof(VALUE));
+        /* ALLOCV memory is conservatively marked, so stored VALUEs survive a
+         * GC raised by a later sqlite3val2rb call. */
+        params = ALLOCV_N(VALUE, params_handle, argc);
         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
             params[i] = sqlite3val2rb(argv[i]);
         }
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ rb_sqlite3_aggregator_step(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
     rb_sqlite3_protected_funcall(
         handler_instance, rb_intern("step"), argc, params, &exc_status);
     if (argc > 1) {
-        xfree(params);
+        ALLOCV_END(params_handle);
     }
 
     rb_iv_set(inst, "-exc_status", INT2NUM(exc_status));
@@ -254,10 +257,17 @@ rb_sqlite3_define_aggregator2(VALUE self, VALUE aggregator, VALUE ruby_name)
     CHECK(ctx->db, status);
 
     rb_ary_push(aggregators, aw);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ctx->aggregators, aggregators);
 
     return self;
 }
 
+void
+rb_sqlite3_aggregator_pin_instances(VALUE aw)
+{
+    rb_sqlite3_pin_array_and_contents(rb_iv_get(aw, "-instances"));
+}
+
 void
 rb_sqlite3_aggregator_init(void)
 {

data/ext/sqlite3/aggregator.h

@@ -7,4 +7,8 @@ VALUE rb_sqlite3_define_aggregator2(VALUE self, VALUE aggregator, VALUE ruby_nam
 
 void rb_sqlite3_aggregator_init(void);
 
+/* sqlite stores each live instance's VALUE in its aggregate context, so those
+ * must not move either. */
+void rb_sqlite3_aggregator_pin_instances(VALUE aw);
+
 #endif

data/ext/sqlite3/database.c

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
   if(!_ctxt->db) \
     rb_raise(rb_path2class("SQLite3::Exception"), "cannot use a closed database");
 
+#define REQUIRE_CLOSED_DB(_ctxt) \
+  if(_ctxt->db) \
+    rb_raise(rb_path2class("SQLite3::Exception"), "cannot open a database that is already open");
+
 VALUE cSqlite3Database;
 
 /* See adr/2024-09-fork-safety.md */
@@ -70,11 +74,64 @@ close_or_discard_db(sqlite3RubyPtr ctx)
 }
 
 
+void
+rb_sqlite3_pin_array_and_contents(VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i;
+
+    if (NIL_P(ary) || !ary) { return; }
+
+    rb_gc_mark(ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        rb_gc_mark(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+pin_hash_value(VALUE UNUSED(key), VALUE value, VALUE UNUSED(arg))
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+pin_hash_and_contents(VALUE hash)
+{
+    if (NIL_P(hash) || !hash) { return; }
+
+    rb_gc_mark(hash);
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, pin_hash_value, 0);
+}
+
+/* Each wrapper also owns live aggregate instances, whose VALUEs sqlite keeps in
+ * its own aggregate contexts. */
+static void
+pin_aggregators(VALUE aggregators)
+{
+    long i;
+
+    rb_sqlite3_pin_array_and_contents(aggregators);
+
+    if (NIL_P(aggregators) || !aggregators) { return; }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(aggregators); i++) {
+        rb_sqlite3_aggregator_pin_instances(RARRAY_AREF(aggregators, i));
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 database_mark(void *ctx)
 {
     sqlite3RubyPtr c = (sqlite3RubyPtr)ctx;
+
+    /* sqlite holds raw pointers to these, so they must not move. */
     rb_gc_mark(c->busy_handler);
+    rb_gc_mark(c->trace_handler);
+    rb_gc_mark(c->authorizer);
+
+    rb_sqlite3_pin_array_and_contents(c->functions);
+    pin_hash_and_contents(c->collations);
+    pin_aggregators(c->aggregators);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -114,7 +171,21 @@ allocate(VALUE klass)
 static char *
 utf16_string_value_ptr(VALUE str)
 {
+    VALUE utf16str, codepoints;
+
     StringValue(str);
+
+    utf16str = rb_str_dup(str);
+    if (!UTF16_LE_P(utf16str) && !UTF16_BE_P(utf16str)) {
+        /* an untagged string (the utf16 option) holds native-byte-order UTF-16 */
+        const union { uint16_t u16; uint8_t u8[2]; } native = { 1 };
+        rb_enc_associate_index(utf16str, rb_enc_find_index(native.u8[0] ? "UTF-16LE" : "UTF-16BE"));
+    }
+    codepoints = rb_funcall(utf16str, rb_intern("codepoints"), 0);
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(codepoints, rb_intern("include?"), 1, INT2FIX(0)))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string contains null char");
+    }
+
     rb_str_buf_cat(str, "\x00\x00", 2L);
     return RSTRING_PTR(str);
 }
@@ -135,6 +206,7 @@ rb_sqlite3_open_v2(VALUE self, VALUE file, VALUE mode, VALUE zvfs)
     int flags;
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, sqlite3Ruby, &database_type, ctx);
+    REQUIRE_CLOSED_DB(ctx);
 
 #if defined TAINTING_SUPPORT
 #  if defined StringValueCStr
@@ -147,13 +219,19 @@ rb_sqlite3_open_v2(VALUE self, VALUE file, VALUE mode, VALUE zvfs)
 
     flags = NUM2INT(mode);
     status = sqlite3_open_v2(
-                 StringValuePtr(file),
+                 StringValueCStr(file),
                  &ctx->db,
                  flags,
-                 NIL_P(zvfs) ? NULL : StringValuePtr(zvfs)
+                 NIL_P(zvfs) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(zvfs)
              );
 
-    CHECK(ctx->db, status);
+    if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
+        char *msg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(ctx->db));
+        sqlite3_close_v2(ctx->db);
+        ctx->db = NULL;
+        CHECK_MSG(ctx->db, status, msg);
+    }
+
     if (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY) {
         ctx->flags |= SQLITE3_RB_DATABASE_READONLY;
     }
@@ -246,9 +324,8 @@ total_changes(VALUE self)
 static void
 tracefunc(void *data, const char *sql)
 {
-    VALUE self = (VALUE)data;
-    VALUE thing = rb_iv_get(self, "@tracefunc");
-    rb_funcall(thing, rb_intern("call"), 1, rb_str_new2(sql));
+    sqlite3RubyPtr ctx = (sqlite3RubyPtr)data;
+    rb_funcall(ctx->trace_handler, rb_intern("call"), 1, rb_str_new2(sql));
 }
 
 /* call-seq:
@@ -272,9 +349,9 @@ trace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     if (NIL_P(block) && rb_block_given_p()) { block = rb_block_proc(); }
 
-    rb_iv_set(self, "@tracefunc", block);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ctx->trace_handler, block);
 
-    sqlite3_trace(ctx->db, NIL_P(block) ? NULL : tracefunc, (void *)self);
+    sqlite3_trace(ctx->db, NIL_P(block) ? NULL : tracefunc, (void *)ctx);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -398,7 +475,9 @@ sqlite3val2rb(sqlite3_value *val)
             rb_val = rb_float_new(sqlite3_value_double(val));
             break;
         case SQLITE_TEXT: {
-            rb_val = rb_utf8_str_new_cstr((const char *)sqlite3_value_text(val));
+            const char *text = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(val);
+            int len = sqlite3_value_bytes(val);
+            rb_val = rb_utf8_str_new(text, len);
             rb_obj_freeze(rb_val);
             break;
         }
@@ -466,24 +545,46 @@ set_sqlite3_func_result(sqlite3_context *ctx, VALUE result)
     }
 }
 
-static void
-rb_sqlite3_func(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
+typedef struct {
+    sqlite3_context *ctx;
+    int argc;
+    sqlite3_value **argv;
+} rb_sqlite3_func_args_t;
+
+static VALUE
+rb_sqlite3_func_protected(VALUE func_args_value)
 {
-    VALUE callable = (VALUE)sqlite3_user_data(ctx);
-    VALUE params = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+    rb_sqlite3_func_args_t *args = (rb_sqlite3_func_args_t *)func_args_value;
+    VALUE callable = (VALUE)sqlite3_user_data(args->ctx);
+    VALUE params = rb_ary_new2(args->argc);
     VALUE result;
     int i;
 
-    if (argc > 0) {
-        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-            VALUE param = sqlite3val2rb(argv[i]);
-            rb_ary_push(params, param);
-        }
+    for (i = 0; i < args->argc; i++) {
+        VALUE param = sqlite3val2rb(args->argv[i]);
+        rb_ary_push(params, param);
     }
 
     result = rb_apply(callable, rb_intern("call"), params);
 
-    set_sqlite3_func_result(ctx, result);
+    set_sqlite3_func_result(args->ctx, result);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static void
+rb_sqlite3_func(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
+{
+    rb_sqlite3_func_args_t args = { .ctx = ctx, .argc = argc, .argv = argv };
+    int exc_status;
+
+    rb_protect(rb_sqlite3_func_protected, (VALUE)&args, &exc_status);
+
+    if (exc_status) {
+        /* the user should never see this message, because Statement#step will
+         * re-raise the exception still in rb_errinfo */
+        sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "Ruby Exception occurred", -1);
+    }
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_RB_PROC_ARITY
@@ -503,7 +604,7 @@ static VALUE
 define_function_with_flags(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE flags)
 {
     sqlite3RubyPtr ctx;
-    VALUE block;
+    VALUE block, functions;
     int status;
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, sqlite3Ruby, &database_type, ctx);
@@ -524,7 +625,9 @@ define_function_with_flags(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE flags)
 
     CHECK(ctx->db, status);
 
-    rb_ary_push(rb_iv_get(self, "@functions"), block);
+    functions = rb_iv_get(self, "@functions");
+    rb_ary_push(functions, block);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ctx->functions, functions);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -626,14 +729,13 @@ rb_sqlite3_auth(
     const char *_c,
     const char *_d)
 {
-    VALUE self   = (VALUE)ctx;
+    sqlite3RubyPtr db_ctx = (sqlite3RubyPtr)ctx;
     VALUE action = INT2NUM(_action);
     VALUE a      = _a ? rb_str_new2(_a) : Qnil;
     VALUE b      = _b ? rb_str_new2(_b) : Qnil;
     VALUE c      = _c ? rb_str_new2(_c) : Qnil;
     VALUE d      = _d ? rb_str_new2(_d) : Qnil;
-    VALUE callback = rb_iv_get(self, "@authorizer");
-    VALUE result = rb_funcall(callback, rb_intern("call"), 5, action, a, b, c, d);
+    VALUE result = rb_funcall(db_ctx->authorizer, rb_intern("call"), 5, action, a, b, c, d);
 
     if (T_FIXNUM == TYPE(result)) { return (int)NUM2INT(result); }
     if (Qtrue == result) { return SQLITE_OK; }
@@ -662,12 +764,12 @@ set_authorizer(VALUE self, VALUE authorizer)
     REQUIRE_OPEN_DB(ctx);
 
     status = sqlite3_set_authorizer(
-                 ctx->db, NIL_P(authorizer) ? NULL : rb_sqlite3_auth, (void *)self
+                 ctx->db, NIL_P(authorizer) ? NULL : rb_sqlite3_auth, (void *)ctx
              );
 
     CHECK(ctx->db, status);
 
-    rb_iv_set(self, "@authorizer", authorizer);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ctx->authorizer, authorizer);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -750,6 +852,7 @@ static VALUE
 collation(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE comparator)
 {
     sqlite3RubyPtr ctx;
+    VALUE collations;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, sqlite3Ruby, &database_type, ctx);
     REQUIRE_OPEN_DB(ctx);
 
@@ -760,8 +863,10 @@ collation(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE comparator)
               (void *)comparator,
               NIL_P(comparator) ? NULL : rb_comparator_func));
 
-    /* Make sure our comparator doesn't get garbage collected. */
-    rb_hash_aset(rb_iv_get(self, "@collations"), name, comparator);
+    /* sqlite holds a raw pointer to the comparator, so keep it alive and unmoved. */
+    collations = rb_iv_get(self, "@collations");
+    rb_hash_aset(collations, name, comparator);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &ctx->collations, collations);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -926,6 +1031,7 @@ rb_sqlite3_open16(VALUE self, VALUE file)
     sqlite3RubyPtr ctx;
 
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, sqlite3Ruby, &database_type, ctx);
+    REQUIRE_CLOSED_DB(ctx);
 
 #if defined TAINTING_SUPPORT
 #if defined StringValueCStr
@@ -941,7 +1047,12 @@ rb_sqlite3_open16(VALUE self, VALUE file)
     // so we do not ever set SQLITE3_RB_DATABASE_READONLY in ctx->flags
     status = sqlite3_open16(utf16_string_value_ptr(file), &ctx->db);
 
-    CHECK(ctx->db, status)
+    if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
+        char *msg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(ctx->db));
+        sqlite3_close_v2(ctx->db);
+        ctx->db = NULL;
+        CHECK_MSG(ctx->db, status, msg);
+    }
 
     return INT2NUM(status);
 }

data/ext/sqlite3/database.h

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 struct _sqlite3Ruby {
     sqlite3 *db;
     VALUE busy_handler;
+    VALUE functions;
+    VALUE collations;
+    VALUE aggregators;
+    VALUE trace_handler;
+    VALUE authorizer;
     int stmt_timeout;
     struct timespec stmt_deadline;
     rb_pid_t owner;
@@ -19,6 +24,9 @@ struct _sqlite3Ruby {
 typedef struct _sqlite3Ruby sqlite3Ruby;
 typedef sqlite3Ruby *sqlite3RubyPtr;
 
+/* Pinning a collection doesn't pin what's in it, hence both. */
+void rb_sqlite3_pin_array_and_contents(VALUE ary);
+
 void init_sqlite3_database();
 void set_sqlite3_func_result(sqlite3_context *ctx, VALUE result);
 

data/ext/sqlite3/extconf.rb

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ module Sqlite3
               "-DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB=1"
             ]
             env["CFLAGS"] = [user_cflags, env["CFLAGS"], more_cflags].flatten.join(" ")
-            recipe.configure_options += env.select { |k, v| ENV_ALLOWLIST.include?(k) }
+            recipe.configure_options += env.slice(*ENV_ALLOWLIST)
               .map { |key, value| "#{key}=#{value.strip}" }
           end
 

data/lib/sqlite3/database.rb

@@ -171,8 +171,6 @@ module SQLite3
         end
       end
 
-      @tracefunc = nil
-      @authorizer = nil
       @progress_handler = nil
       @collations = {}
       @functions = []
@@ -458,9 +456,7 @@ module SQLite3
     #
     # See also #create_aggregate_handler for a more object-oriented approach to
     # aggregate functions.
-    def create_aggregate(name, arity, step = nil, finalize = nil,
-      text_rep = Constants::TextRep::ANY, &block)
-
+    def create_aggregate(name, arity, step = nil, finalize = nil, text_rep = Constants::TextRep::ANY, &block)
       proxy = Class.new do
         def self.step(&block)
           define_method(:step_with_ctx, &block)

data/lib/sqlite3/version.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 module SQLite3
   # (String) the version of the sqlite3 gem, e.g. "2.1.1"
-  VERSION = "2.9.5"
+  VERSION = "2.9.6"
 end

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: sqlite3
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 2.9.5
+  version: 2.9.6
 platform: x86-linux-musl
 authors:
 - Jamis Buck