rubysl-gdbm 0.0.1 → 2.0.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+SHA1:
+  metadata.gz: 72f6e6e72b00584e11a63e80f867b320f618363c
+  data.tar.gz: 5cfa123bfcbb8e4b6fd9e4604aaf9e42b6f0a9e7
+SHA512:
+  metadata.gz: defcbdba806525730f9f81a7cce64b3838122fdc5397e7ccaf44b1d757f7fa6cbfea428abe08d4c347130a55315b3c693cd631ce2efdf439381865398d009068
+  data.tar.gz: d10969f42d8fcfaa3f7bc71f0f7f56b4103dffdf56af168c5cb45445c34fcb76c38e3c624ee0861e5f5fc8c445af8bfb394bb21b1465f3c44d23b58d81fbddb4

data/.gitignore

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ spec/reports
 test/tmp
 test/version_tmp
 tmp
-.rbx

data/.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+language: ruby
+env:
+  - RUBYLIB=lib
+script: bundle exec mspec spec
+rvm:
+  - rbx-nightly-19mode

data/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# RubySL::Gdbm
+# Rubysl::Gdbm
 
 TODO: Write a gem description
 
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ TODO: Write usage instructions here
 
 1. Fork it
 2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
-3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Added some feature'`)
+3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
 4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
 5. Create new Pull Request

data/Rakefile

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env rake
 require "bundler/gem_tasks"

data/ext/rubysl/gdbm/README

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gdbm ext-library for Ruby 1.3 or later

data/ext/rubysl/gdbm/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+
+dir_config("gdbm")
+if have_library("gdbm", "gdbm_open") and
+   have_header("gdbm.h")
+  create_makefile("gdbm/gdbm")
+end

data/ext/rubysl/gdbm/gdbm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@
+/************************************************
+
+  gdbm.c -
+
+  $Author$
+  modified at: Mon Jan 24 15:59:52 JST 1994
+
+  Documentation by Peter Adolphs < futzilogik at users dot sourceforge dot net >
+
+************************************************/
+
+#include "ruby.h"
+
+#include <gdbm.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: GDBM
+ *
+ * == Summary
+ *
+ * Ruby extension for GNU dbm (gdbm) -- a simple database engine for storing
+ * key-value pairs on disk.
+ *
+ * == Description
+ *
+ * GNU dbm is a library for simple databases. A database is a file that stores
+ * key-value pairs. Gdbm allows the user to store, retrieve, and delete data by
+ * key. It furthermore allows a non-sorted traversal of all key-value pairs.
+ * A gdbm database thus provides the same functionality as a hash. As
+ * with objects of the Hash class, elements can be accessed with <tt>[]</tt>.
+ * Furthermore, GDBM mixes in the Enumerable module, thus providing convenient
+ * methods such as #find, #collect, #map, etc.
+ *
+ * A process is allowed to open several different databases at the same time.
+ * A process can open a database as a "reader" or a "writer". Whereas a reader
+ * has only read-access to the database, a writer has read- and write-access.
+ * A database can be accessed either by any number of readers or by exactly one
+ * writer at the same time.
+ *
+ * == Examples
+ *
+ * 1. Opening/creating a database, and filling it with some entries:
+ *
+ *      require 'gdbm'
+ *
+ *      gdbm = GDBM.new("fruitstore.db")
+ *      gdbm["ananas"]    = "3"
+ *      gdbm["banana"]    = "8"
+ *      gdbm["cranberry"] = "4909"
+ *      gdbm.close
+ *
+ * 2. Reading out a database:
+ *
+ *      require 'gdbm'
+ *
+ *      gdbm = GDBM.new("fruitstore.db")
+ *      gdbm.each_pair do |key, value|
+ *        print "#{key}: #{value}\n"
+ *      end
+ *      gdbm.close
+ *
+ *    produces
+ *
+ *      banana: 8
+ *      ananas: 3
+ *      cranberry: 4909
+ *
+ * == Links
+ *
+ * * http://www.gnu.org/software/gdbm/
+ */
+static VALUE rb_cGDBM, rb_eGDBMError, rb_eGDBMFatalError;
+
+#define RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT 0x20000000
+
+#define MY_BLOCK_SIZE (2048)
+#define MY_FATAL_FUNC rb_gdbm_fatal
+static void
+rb_gdbm_fatal(char *msg)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eGDBMFatalError, "%s", msg);
+}
+
+struct dbmdata {
+    int  di_size;
+    GDBM_FILE di_dbm;
+};
+
+static void
+closed_dbm(void)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed GDBM file");
+}
+
+#define GetDBM(obj, dbmp) do {\
+    Data_Get_Struct((obj), struct dbmdata, (dbmp));\
+    if ((dbmp) == 0) closed_dbm();\
+    if ((dbmp)->di_dbm == 0) closed_dbm();\
+} while (0)
+
+#define GetDBM2(obj, data, dbm) {\
+    GetDBM((obj), (data));\
+    (dbm) = dbmp->di_dbm;\
+}
+
+static void
+free_dbm(struct dbmdata *dbmp)
+{
+    if (dbmp) {
+        if (dbmp->di_dbm) gdbm_close(dbmp->di_dbm);
+        xfree(dbmp);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.close -> nil
+ *
+ * Closes the associated database file.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_close(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+
+    GetDBM(obj, dbmp);
+    gdbm_close(dbmp->di_dbm);
+    dbmp->di_dbm = 0;
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.closed?  -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns true if the associated database file has been closed.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_closed(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct dbmdata, dbmp);
+    if (dbmp == 0)
+        return Qtrue;
+    if (dbmp->di_dbm == 0)
+        return Qtrue;
+
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, free_dbm, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      GDBM.new(filename, mode = 0666, flags = nil)
+ *
+ * Creates a new GDBM instance by opening a gdbm file named _filename_.
+ * If the file does not exist, a new file with file mode _mode_ will be
+ * created. _flags_ may be one of the following:
+ * * *READER*  - open as a reader
+ * * *WRITER*  - open as a writer
+ * * *WRCREAT* - open as a writer; if the database does not exist, create a new one
+ * * *NEWDB*   - open as a writer; overwrite any existing databases
+ *
+ * The values *WRITER*, *WRCREAT* and *NEWDB* may be combined with the following
+ * values by bitwise or:
+ * * *SYNC*    - cause all database operations to be synchronized to the disk
+ * * *NOLOCK*  - do not lock the database file
+ *
+ * If no _flags_ are specified, the GDBM object will try to open the database
+ * file as a writer and will create it if it does not already exist
+ * (cf. flag <tt>WRCREAT</tt>). If this fails (for instance, if another process
+ * has already opened the database as a reader), it will try to open the
+ * database file as a reader (cf. flag <tt>READER</tt>).
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE file, vmode, vflags;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    int mode, flags = 0;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &file, &vmode, &vflags) == 1) {
+        mode = 0666;            /* default value */
+    }
+    else if (NIL_P(vmode)) {
+        mode = -1;              /* return nil if DB does not exist */
+    }
+    else {
+        mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(vflags))
+        flags = NUM2INT(vflags);
+
+    SafeStringValue(file);
+
+    if (flags & RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT) {
+        flags &= ~RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT;
+        dbm = gdbm_open(RSTRING_PTR(file), MY_BLOCK_SIZE,
+                        flags, mode, MY_FATAL_FUNC);
+    }
+    else {
+        dbm = 0;
+        if (mode >= 0)
+            dbm = gdbm_open(RSTRING_PTR(file), MY_BLOCK_SIZE,
+                            GDBM_WRCREAT|flags, mode, MY_FATAL_FUNC);
+        if (!dbm)
+            dbm = gdbm_open(RSTRING_PTR(file), MY_BLOCK_SIZE,
+                            GDBM_WRITER|flags, 0, MY_FATAL_FUNC);
+        if (!dbm)
+            dbm = gdbm_open(RSTRING_PTR(file), MY_BLOCK_SIZE,
+                            GDBM_READER|flags, 0, MY_FATAL_FUNC);
+    }
+
+    if (!dbm) {
+        if (mode == -1) return Qnil;
+
+        if (gdbm_errno == GDBM_FILE_OPEN_ERROR ||
+            gdbm_errno == GDBM_CANT_BE_READER ||
+            gdbm_errno == GDBM_CANT_BE_WRITER)
+            rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(file));
+        else
+            rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+
+    dbmp = ALLOC(struct dbmdata);
+    free_dbm(DATA_PTR(obj));
+    DATA_PTR(obj) = dbmp;
+    dbmp->di_dbm = dbm;
+    dbmp->di_size = -1;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      GDBM.open(filename, mode = 0666, flags = nil)
+ *      GDBM.open(filename, mode = 0666, flags = nil) { |gdbm| ... }
+ *
+ * If called without a block, this is synonymous to GDBM::new.
+ * If a block is given, the new GDBM instance will be passed to the block
+ * as a parameter, and the corresponding database file will be closed
+ * after the execution of the block code has been finished.
+ *
+ * Example for an open call with a block:
+ *
+ *   require 'gdbm'
+ *   GDBM.open("fruitstore.db") do |gdbm|
+ *     gdbm.each_pair do |key, value|
+ *       print "#{key}: #{value}\n"
+ *     end
+ *   end
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE obj = Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, free_dbm, 0);
+
+    if (NIL_P(fgdbm_initialize(argc, argv, obj))) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_ensure(rb_yield, obj, fgdbm_close, obj);
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_fetch(GDBM_FILE dbm, datum key)
+{
+    datum val;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    val = gdbm_fetch(dbm, key);
+    if (val.dptr == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    str = rb_str_new(val.dptr, val.dsize);
+    free(val.dptr);
+    OBJ_TAINT(str);
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_fetch2(GDBM_FILE dbm, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    datum key;
+
+    StringValue(keystr);
+    key.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(keystr);
+    key.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(keystr);
+
+    return rb_gdbm_fetch(dbm, key);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_fetch3(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    return rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_firstkey(GDBM_FILE dbm)
+{
+    datum key;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm);
+    if (key.dptr == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    str = rb_str_new(key.dptr, key.dsize);
+    free(key.dptr);
+    OBJ_TAINT(str);
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_nextkey(GDBM_FILE dbm, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    datum key, key2;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    key.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(keystr);
+    key.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(keystr);
+    key2 = gdbm_nextkey(dbm, key);
+    if (key2.dptr == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    str = rb_str_new(key2.dptr, key2.dsize);
+    free(key2.dptr);
+    OBJ_TAINT(str);
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_fetch(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr, VALUE ifnone)
+{
+    VALUE valstr;
+
+    valstr = rb_gdbm_fetch3(obj, keystr);
+    if (NIL_P(valstr)) {
+        if (ifnone == Qnil && rb_block_given_p())
+            return rb_yield(keystr);
+        return ifnone;
+    }
+    return valstr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm[key] -> value
+ *
+ * Retrieves the _value_ corresponding to _key_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_aref(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    return rb_gdbm_fetch3(obj, keystr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.fetch(key [, default]) -> value
+ *
+ * Retrieves the _value_ corresponding to _key_. If there is no value
+ * associated with _key_, _default_ will be returned instead.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_fetch_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE keystr, valstr, ifnone;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &keystr, &ifnone);
+    valstr = fgdbm_fetch(obj, keystr, ifnone);
+    if (argc == 1 && !rb_block_given_p() && NIL_P(valstr))
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "key not found");
+
+    return valstr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.key(value) -> key
+ *
+ * Returns the _key_ for a given _value_. If several keys may map to the
+ * same value, the key that is found first will be returned.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_key(VALUE obj, VALUE valstr)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, valstr2;
+
+    StringValue(valstr);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        valstr2 = rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+        if (!NIL_P(valstr2) &&
+            (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr) == (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr2) &&
+            memcmp(RSTRING_PTR(valstr), RSTRING_PTR(valstr2),
+                   (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr)) == 0) {
+            return keystr;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_index(VALUE obj, VALUE value)
+{
+    rb_warn("GDBM#index is deprecated; use GDBM#key");
+    return fgdbm_key(obj, value);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.select { |key, value| block } -> array
+ *
+ * Returns a new array of all key-value pairs of the database for which _block_
+ * evaluates to true.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_select(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE new = rb_ary_new();
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    VALUE keystr;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+        VALUE assoc = rb_assoc_new(keystr, rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr));
+        VALUE v = rb_yield(assoc);
+
+        if (RTEST(v)) {
+            rb_ary_push(new, assoc);
+        }
+        GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    }
+
+    return new;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.values_at(key, ...) -> array
+ *
+ * Returns an array of the values associated with each specified _key_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE new = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
+        rb_ary_push(new, rb_gdbm_fetch3(obj, argv[i]));
+    }
+
+    return new;
+}
+
+static void
+rb_gdbm_modify(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_secure(4);
+    if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) rb_error_frozen("GDBM");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_gdbm_delete(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    datum key;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    StringValue(keystr);
+    key.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(keystr);
+    key.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(keystr);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    if (!gdbm_exists(dbm, key)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    if (gdbm_delete(dbm, key)) {
+        dbmp->di_size = -1;
+        rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+    else if (dbmp->di_size >= 0) {
+        dbmp->di_size--;
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.delete(key) -> value or nil
+ *
+ * Removes the key-value-pair with the specified _key_ from this database and
+ * returns the corresponding _value_. Returns nil if the database is empty.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_delete(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    VALUE valstr;
+
+    valstr = fgdbm_fetch(obj, keystr, Qnil);
+    rb_gdbm_delete(obj, keystr);
+    return valstr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.shift -> (key, value) or nil
+ *
+ * Removes a key-value-pair from this database and returns it as a
+ * two-item array [ _key_, _value_ ]. Returns nil if the database is empty.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_shift(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, valstr;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm);
+    if (NIL_P(keystr)) return Qnil;
+    valstr = rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+    rb_gdbm_delete(obj, keystr);
+
+    return rb_assoc_new(keystr, valstr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.delete_if { |key, value| block } -> gdbm
+ *      gdbm.reject! { |key, value| block } -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Deletes every key-value pair from _gdbm_ for which _block_ evaluates to true.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_delete_if(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, valstr;
+    VALUE ret, ary = rb_ary_new();
+    int i, status = 0, n;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    n = dbmp->di_size;
+    dbmp->di_size = -1;
+
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        valstr = rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+        ret = rb_protect(rb_yield, rb_assoc_new(keystr, valstr), &status);
+        if (status != 0) break;
+        if (RTEST(ret)) rb_ary_push(ary, keystr);
+        GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++)
+        rb_gdbm_delete(obj, rb_ary_entry(ary, i));
+    if (status) rb_jump_tag(status);
+    if (n > 0) dbmp->di_size = n - (int)RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.clear -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Removes all the key-value pairs within _gdbm_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_clear(VALUE obj)
+{
+    datum key, nextkey;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    dbmp->di_size = -1;
+
+#if 0
+    while (key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm), key.dptr) {
+        if (gdbm_delete(dbm, key)) {
+            free(key.dptr);
+            rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+        }
+        free(key.dptr);
+    }
+#else
+    while (key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm), key.dptr) {
+        for (; key.dptr; key = nextkey) {
+            nextkey = gdbm_nextkey(dbm, key);
+            if (gdbm_delete(dbm, key)) {
+                free(key.dptr);
+                if (nextkey.dptr) free(nextkey.dptr);
+                rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+            }
+            free(key.dptr);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    dbmp->di_size = 0;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.invert  -> hash
+ *
+ * Returns a hash created by using _gdbm_'s values as keys, and the keys
+ * as values.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_invert(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, valstr;
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+        valstr = rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+
+        rb_hash_aset(hash, valstr, keystr);
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm[key]= value -> value
+ *      gdbm.store(key, value) -> value
+ *
+ * Associates the value _value_ with the specified _key_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_store(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr, VALUE valstr)
+{
+    datum key, val;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    StringValue(keystr);
+    StringValue(valstr);
+
+    key.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(keystr);
+    key.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(keystr);
+
+    val.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(valstr);
+    val.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    dbmp->di_size = -1;
+    if (gdbm_store(dbm, key, val, GDBM_REPLACE)) {
+        if (errno == EPERM) rb_sys_fail(0);
+        rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+
+    return valstr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+update_i(VALUE pair, VALUE dbm)
+{
+    Check_Type(pair, T_ARRAY);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(pair) < 2) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "pair must be [key, value]");
+    }
+    fgdbm_store(dbm, rb_ary_entry(pair, 0), rb_ary_entry(pair, 1));
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.update(other) -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Adds the key-value pairs of _other_ to _gdbm_, overwriting entries with
+ * duplicate keys with those from _other_. _other_ must have an each_pair
+ * method.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_update(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+    rb_block_call(other, rb_intern("each_pair"), 0, 0, update_i, obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.replace(other) -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Replaces the content of _gdbm_ with the key-value pairs of _other_.
+ * _other_ must have an each_pair method.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_replace(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+    fgdbm_clear(obj);
+    rb_block_call(other, rb_intern("each_pair"), 0, 0, update_i, obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.length -> fixnum
+ *      gdbm.size -> fixnum
+ *
+ * Returns the number of key-value pairs in this database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_length(VALUE obj)
+{
+    datum key, nextkey;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    int i = 0;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    if (dbmp->di_size > 0) return INT2FIX(dbmp->di_size);
+
+    for (key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm); key.dptr; key = nextkey) {
+        nextkey = gdbm_nextkey(dbm, key);
+        free(key.dptr);
+        i++;
+    }
+    dbmp->di_size = i;
+
+    return INT2FIX(i);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.empty? -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns true if the database is empty.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_empty_p(VALUE obj)
+{
+    datum key;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    GetDBM(obj, dbmp);
+    if (dbmp->di_size < 0) {
+        dbm = dbmp->di_dbm;
+
+        key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm);
+        if (key.dptr) {
+            free(key.dptr);
+            return Qfalse;
+        }
+        return Qtrue;
+    }
+
+    if (dbmp->di_size == 0) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.each_value { |value| block } -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Executes _block_ for each key in the database, passing the corresponding
+ * _value_ as a parameter.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_each_value(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_yield(rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr));
+        GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.each_key { |key| block } -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Executes _block_ for each key in the database, passing the
+ * _key_ as a parameter.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_each_key(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_yield(keystr);
+        GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.each_pair { |key, value| block } -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Executes _block_ for each key in the database, passing the _key_ and the
+ * correspoding _value_ as a parameter.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_each_pair(VALUE obj)
+{
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    VALUE keystr;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(keystr, rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr)));
+        GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.keys -> array
+ *
+ * Returns an array of all keys of this database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_keys(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, ary;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_ary_push(ary, keystr);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.values -> array
+ *
+ * Returns an array of all values of this database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_values(VALUE obj)
+{
+    datum key, nextkey;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE valstr, ary;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    for (key = gdbm_firstkey(dbm); key.dptr; key = nextkey) {
+        nextkey = gdbm_nextkey(dbm, key);
+        valstr = rb_gdbm_fetch(dbm, key);
+        free(key.dptr);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, valstr);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.has_key?(k) -> true or false
+ *      gdbm.key?(k) -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns true if the given key _k_ exists within the database.
+ * Returns false otherwise.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_has_key(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
+{
+    datum key;
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    StringValue(keystr);
+    key.dptr = RSTRING_PTR(keystr);
+    key.dsize = (int)RSTRING_LEN(keystr);
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    if (gdbm_exists(dbm, key))
+        return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.has_value?(v) -> true or false
+ *      gdbm.value?(v) -> true or false
+ *
+ * Returns true if the given value _v_ exists within the database.
+ * Returns false otherwise.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_has_value(VALUE obj, VALUE valstr)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, valstr2;
+
+    StringValue(valstr);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        valstr2 = rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr);
+
+        if (!NIL_P(valstr2) &&
+            (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr) == (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr2) &&
+            memcmp(RSTRING_PTR(valstr), RSTRING_PTR(valstr2),
+                   (int)RSTRING_LEN(valstr)) == 0) {
+            return Qtrue;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.to_a -> array
+ *
+ * Returns an array of all key-value pairs contained in the database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_to_a(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, ary;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(keystr, rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr)));
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.reorganize -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Reorganizes the database file. This operation removes reserved space of
+ * elements that have already been deleted. It is only useful after a lot of
+ * deletions in the database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_reorganize(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    gdbm_reorganize(dbm);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.sync -> gdbm
+ *
+ * Unless the _gdbm_ object has been opened with the *SYNC* flag, it is not
+ * guarenteed that database modification operations are immediately applied to
+ * the database file. This method ensures that all recent modifications
+ * to the database are written to the file. Blocks until all writing operations
+ * to the disk have been finished.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_sync(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+
+    rb_gdbm_modify(obj);
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    gdbm_sync(dbm);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.cachesize = size -> size
+ *
+ * Sets the size of the internal bucket cache to _size_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_set_cachesize(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    int optval;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    optval = FIX2INT(val);
+    if (gdbm_setopt(dbm, GDBM_CACHESIZE, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.fastmode = boolean -> boolean
+ *
+ * Turns the database's fast mode on or off. If fast mode is turned on, gdbm
+ * does not wait for writes to be flushed to the disk before continuing.
+ *
+ * This option is obsolete for gdbm >= 1.8 since fast mode is turned on by
+ * default. See also: #syncmode=
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_set_fastmode(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    int optval;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    optval = 0;
+    if (RTEST(val))
+        optval = 1;
+
+    if (gdbm_setopt(dbm, GDBM_FASTMODE, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.syncmode = boolean -> boolean
+ *
+ * Turns the database's synchronization mode on or off. If the synchronization
+ * mode is turned on, the database's in-memory state will be synchronized to
+ * disk after every database modification operation. If the synchronization
+ * mode is turned off, GDBM does not wait for writes to be flushed to the disk
+ * before continuing.
+ *
+ * This option is only available for gdbm >= 1.8 where syncmode is turned off
+ * by default. See also: #fastmode=
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_set_syncmode(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
+{
+#if !defined(GDBM_SYNCMODE)
+    fgdbm_set_fastmode(obj, RTEST(val) ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+    return val;
+#else
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    int optval;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    optval = 0;
+    if (RTEST(val))
+        optval = 1;
+
+    if (gdbm_setopt(dbm, GDBM_FASTMODE, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eGDBMError, "%s", gdbm_strerror(gdbm_errno));
+    }
+    return val;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     gdbm.to_hash -> hash
+ *
+ * Returns a hash of all key-value pairs contained in the database.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_to_hash(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct dbmdata *dbmp;
+    GDBM_FILE dbm;
+    VALUE keystr, hash;
+
+    GetDBM2(obj, dbmp, dbm);
+    hash = rb_hash_new();
+    for (keystr = rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm); RTEST(keystr);
+         keystr = rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)) {
+
+        rb_hash_aset(hash, keystr, rb_gdbm_fetch2(dbm, keystr));
+    }
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *      gdbm.reject { |key, value| block } -> hash
+ *
+ * Returns a hash copy of _gdbm_ where all key-value pairs from _gdbm_ for
+ * which _block_ evaluates to true are removed. See also: #delete_if
+ */
+static VALUE
+fgdbm_reject(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_hash_delete_if(fgdbm_to_hash(obj));
+}
+
+void
+Init_gdbm(void)
+{
+    rb_cGDBM = rb_define_class("GDBM", rb_cObject);
+    rb_eGDBMError = rb_define_class("GDBMError", rb_eStandardError);
+    rb_eGDBMFatalError = rb_define_class("GDBMFatalError", rb_eException);
+    rb_include_module(rb_cGDBM, rb_mEnumerable);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cGDBM, fgdbm_s_alloc);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cGDBM, "open", fgdbm_s_open, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "initialize", fgdbm_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "close", fgdbm_close, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "closed?", fgdbm_closed, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "[]", fgdbm_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "fetch", fgdbm_fetch_m, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "[]=", fgdbm_store, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "store", fgdbm_store, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "index",  fgdbm_index, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "key",  fgdbm_key, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "select",  fgdbm_select, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "values_at",  fgdbm_values_at, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "length", fgdbm_length, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "size", fgdbm_length, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "empty?", fgdbm_empty_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "each", fgdbm_each_pair, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "each_value", fgdbm_each_value, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "each_key", fgdbm_each_key, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "each_pair", fgdbm_each_pair, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "keys", fgdbm_keys, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "values", fgdbm_values, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "shift", fgdbm_shift, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "delete", fgdbm_delete, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "delete_if", fgdbm_delete_if, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "reject!", fgdbm_delete_if, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "reject", fgdbm_reject, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "clear", fgdbm_clear, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "invert", fgdbm_invert, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "update", fgdbm_update, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "replace", fgdbm_replace, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "reorganize", fgdbm_reorganize, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "sync", fgdbm_sync, 0);
+    /* rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "setopt", fgdbm_setopt, 2); */
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "cachesize=", fgdbm_set_cachesize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "fastmode=", fgdbm_set_fastmode, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "syncmode=", fgdbm_set_syncmode, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "include?", fgdbm_has_key, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "has_key?", fgdbm_has_key, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "member?", fgdbm_has_key, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "has_value?", fgdbm_has_value, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "key?", fgdbm_has_key, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "value?", fgdbm_has_value, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "to_a", fgdbm_to_a, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cGDBM, "to_hash", fgdbm_to_hash, 0);
+
+    /* flag for #new and #open: open database as a reader */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "READER",  INT2FIX(GDBM_READER|RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT));
+    /* flag for #new and #open: open database as a writer */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "WRITER",  INT2FIX(GDBM_WRITER|RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT));
+    /* flag for #new and #open: open database as a writer; if the database does not exist, create a new one */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "WRCREAT", INT2FIX(GDBM_WRCREAT|RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT));
+    /* flag for #new and #open: open database as a writer; overwrite any existing databases  */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "NEWDB",   INT2FIX(GDBM_NEWDB|RUBY_GDBM_RW_BIT));
+
+    /* flag for #new and #open. this flag is obsolete for gdbm >= 1.8 */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "FAST", INT2FIX(GDBM_FAST));
+    /* this flag is obsolete in gdbm 1.8.
+       On gdbm 1.8, fast mode is default behavior. */
+
+    /* gdbm version 1.8 specific */
+#if defined(GDBM_SYNC)
+    /* flag for #new and #open. only for gdbm >= 1.8 */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "SYNC",    INT2FIX(GDBM_SYNC));
+#endif
+#if defined(GDBM_NOLOCK)
+    /* flag for #new and #open */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "NOLOCK",  INT2FIX(GDBM_NOLOCK));
+#endif
+    /* version of the gdbm library*/
+    rb_define_const(rb_cGDBM, "VERSION",  rb_str_new2(gdbm_version));
+}