ruby-sfml 3.0.0.5 → 3.0.0.6

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,82 @@ ruby-sfml's own patch level.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [3.0.0.6] — 2026-05-12
+
+Quality-of-life release: the CSFML 3.0 surface was already covered;
+this round adds the helpers and tooling you reach for when building
+on top of it.
+
+### Added — system
+
+- **Vector2 / Vector3 math** — `#distance`, `#distance_sq`,
+  `#lerp`, `#project_on`, `#reflect`, `#clamp_length`, `#zero?`,
+  `#abs`, plus `Vector2#angle`, `#angle_to(other)`,
+  `#rotated(degrees)` / `#rotated_rad(radians)`,
+  `#perpendicular`, and `Vector3#angle_between`.
+  Both classes gain `#to_v3` / `#to_v2` for cross-dimension
+  promotion + scalar coercion (`2 * vec`).
+
+### Added — graphics
+
+- `RenderWindow#screenshot(path)` — capture the current
+  back-buffer to disk (PNG / JPG / BMP / TGA inferred by
+  extension).
+- `RenderWindow#capture_image` — same capture, returns an
+  in-memory `SFML::Image` for further processing.
+- **`SFML::SpriteSheet`** — slice a uniformly-gridded image into
+  numbered frames. `.load(path, frame_size:, padding:, margin:)`,
+  `#region(i)`, `#region_at(col, row)`, `#sprite(i)`,
+  `#animation(fps:, ...)`.
+- **`SFML::TextureAtlas`** — load Aseprite / TexturePacker JSON
+  descriptors. `.load(json_path)`, `#region(name)`,
+  `#sprite(name)`, `#animation(names, fps:)` (auto-derives fps
+  from Aseprite per-frame durations when present).
+- **`SFML::Animation`** — frame-based animation that drives a
+  Sprite's texture_rect over time. Loop / one-shot,
+  `#update(dt)`, `#reset`, `#done?`. Sprite-style transform
+  setters (`position=`, `rotation=`, `scale=`, `origin=`,
+  `color=`) for ergonomic use.
+- **`SFML::ParticleSystem`** — VertexArray-backed particle pool.
+  `#spawn(position:, velocity:, lifetime:, color:, size:)`,
+  optional `gravity:`, `update_particle` subclass hook for
+  drag / attractors / colour curves.
+
+### Added — game-loop
+
+- **Fixed timestep** — `fixed_timestep N` class macro on
+  `SFML::App` calls `update(dt)` exactly N times per second with
+  a fixed dt (semi-implicit Euler accumulator, capped at 5
+  catch-up steps to prevent the "spiral of death"). Read
+  `interpolation_alpha` from `#draw` to smoothly render between
+  fixed updates.
+- **Input actions DSL** — `action :jump, keys: [...],
+  scancodes: [...], mouse_buttons: [...], joy_buttons: [...]`
+  on `SFML::App` and `SFML::Scene`. Poll with `action_pressed?
+  (:name)` from `update` / `draw`; build digital axes with
+  `axis(negative:, positive:)`. Scene actions inherit from the
+  host App's actions.
+
+### Added — errors
+
+- Domain-specific exception hierarchy:
+  - `SFML::LoadError` — asset load failures (file, memory,
+    stream)
+  - `SFML::AudioError` — capture / OpenAL / channel-map
+  - `SFML::NetworkError` — sockets / packet framing
+  - `SFML::ShaderError` — GLSL compile / link
+  - `SFML::GraphicsError` — generic graphics-side failures
+  - `SFML::WindowError` — window / context creation
+  All inherit from `SFML::Error`, so existing
+  `rescue SFML::Error` blocks keep catching everything.
+
+### Added — CI / tooling
+
+- GitHub Actions release workflow (`release.yml`) — tag
+  `vX.Y.Z.W` triggers a gem build + push to RubyGems. Verifies
+  the tag matches `lib/sfml/version.rb` before publishing.
+- CI badge in `README.md`.
+
 ## [3.0.0.5] — 2026-05-11
 
 Round-trip release: closes every remaining CSFML 3.0 gap that's

data/README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 Modern, idiomatic Ruby bindings for [SFML 3.x](https://www.sfml-dev.org/) via [CSFML](https://github.com/SFML/CSFML) and [Ruby FFI](https://github.com/ffi/ffi).
 
 [![gem version](https://img.shields.io/gem/v/ruby-sfml.svg)](https://rubygems.org/gems/ruby-sfml)
+[![CI](https://github.com/sOM2H/ruby-sfml/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/sOM2H/ruby-sfml/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-rubydoc.info-blue.svg)](https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/ruby-sfml)
 
 > **Status:** API surface complete for SFML 3.0 — system, window, graphics (incl. stencil buffer + VBOs), audio (incl. 3D positional + custom DSP + procedural streams), network (incl. HTTP / FTP / socket selector), input (keyboard, mouse, joystick, touch, sensors), plus the higher-level `App` / `Scene` / `Assets` helpers. 410 RSpec examples, 24 runnable example folders.

data/lib/sfml/app.rb

@@ -41,8 +41,15 @@ module SFML
       framerate vsync background
       style fullscreen
       antialiasing context
+      fixed_timestep
     ].freeze
 
+    # Cap on catch-up update calls per frame when running with
+    # `fixed_timestep`. Prevents the "spiral of death" where a slow
+    # frame queues so many physics steps that the next frame is
+    # even slower. After this many steps, residual time is dropped.
+    FIXED_TIMESTEP_MAX_CATCHUP = 5
+
     class << self
       CONFIG_KEYS.each do |key|
         # Each macro doubles as a reader (no args) and a writer
@@ -63,6 +70,7 @@ module SFML
       end
 
       include Keybindings   # provides `on_key` + `key_handlers`
+      include InputActions  # provides `action` + `action_bindings`
 
       # Set the scene class the app should switch into automatically
       # at `setup` time. Inheritable: a subclass that doesn't set
@@ -74,6 +82,8 @@ module SFML
       end
     end
 
+    include InputQueries
+
     attr_reader   :window
     attr_accessor :background_color
 
@@ -155,15 +165,56 @@ module SFML
     def toggle_pause = (@paused = !paused?)
     def paused? = @paused == true
 
+    # Fraction of a fixed timestep accumulated since the last
+    # `update`. In range [0.0, 1.0). Use it in `#draw` to
+    # interpolate between the previous and current world state:
+    #
+    #   def draw
+    #     pos = @prev_pos.lerp(@curr_pos, interpolation_alpha)
+    #     ...
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Only meaningful when `fixed_timestep` is set; otherwise 0.
+    attr_reader :interpolation_alpha
+
     # The main entry point. Calls #setup once, then runs the
     # per-frame loop until the window closes.
+    #
+    # When `fixed_timestep N` is set on the class, `update(dt)` is
+    # called exactly N times per second (with a fixed dt), and
+    # rendering runs as fast as vsync/framerate allows. This is
+    # the standard pattern for deterministic physics — without it,
+    # large-dt frames produce different results than small-dt frames.
     def run
       setup
-      clock = Clock.new
+      clock           = Clock.new
+      ts              = self.class.fixed_timestep
+      step_seconds    = ts && (1.0 / ts)
+      dt_fixed        = ts && Time.seconds(step_seconds)
+      accumulator     = 0.0
+      @interpolation_alpha = 0.0
+
       while @window.open?
-        dt = clock.restart
+        frame_dt = clock.restart
         @window.each_event { |event| _dispatch(event) }
-        update(dt) unless paused?
+
+        if dt_fixed
+          accumulator += frame_dt.as_seconds
+          steps = 0
+          while accumulator >= step_seconds && steps < FIXED_TIMESTEP_MAX_CATCHUP
+            update(dt_fixed) unless paused?
+            accumulator -= step_seconds
+            steps += 1
+          end
+          # If we hit the catch-up cap, drop residual time — better
+          # to slightly slow the simulation than spiral into longer
+          # and longer frames.
+          accumulator = 0.0 if steps == FIXED_TIMESTEP_MAX_CATCHUP
+          @interpolation_alpha = accumulator / step_seconds
+        else
+          update(frame_dt) unless paused?
+        end
+
         @window.clear(@background_color)
         draw
         @window.display

data/lib/sfml/audio/music.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ module SFML
   class Music
     def self.load(path, **opts)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfMusic_createFromFile(path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "Could not load music from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "Could not load music from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
 
       _wrap(ptr, opts)
     end
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module SFML
       buf = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint8, bytes.bytesize)
       buf.write_bytes(bytes)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfMusic_createFromMemory(buf, bytes.bytesize)
-      raise Error, "sfMusic_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfMusic_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       m = _wrap(ptr, opts)
       m.instance_variable_set(:@_memory_pin, buf)   # keep buffer alive
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module SFML
     def self.from_stream(io, **opts)
       stream = SFML::InputStream.new(io)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfMusic_createFromStream(stream.to_ptr)
-      raise Error, "sfMusic_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfMusic_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       m = _wrap(ptr, opts)
       m.instance_variable_set(:@_stream_pin, stream)

data/lib/sfml/audio/sound.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module SFML
       raise ArgumentError, "Sound requires a SFML::SoundBuffer" unless buffer.is_a?(SoundBuffer)
 
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSound_create(buffer.handle)
-      raise Error, "sfSound_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSound_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Audio.method(:sfSound_destroy))
       @buffer  = buffer # keep alive
       # @looping mirrors the loop flag because SFML 3's isLooping reads
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ module SFML
     # independent transport state (volume/pan/spatialisation/etc).
     def dup
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSound_copy(@handle)
-      raise Error, "sfSound_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSound_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       copy = self.class.allocate
       copy.instance_variable_set(:@handle,

data/lib/sfml/audio/sound_buffer.rb

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module SFML
   class SoundBuffer
     def self.load(path)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBuffer_createFromFile(path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "Could not load sound buffer from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "Could not load sound buffer from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
       buf = allocate
       buf.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
       buf
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module SFML
       buf_p = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint8, bytes.bytesize)
       buf_p.write_bytes(bytes)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBuffer_createFromMemory(buf_p, bytes.bytesize)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       buf = allocate
       buf.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module SFML
     def self.from_stream(io)
       stream = SFML::InputStream.new(io)
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBuffer_createFromStream(stream.to_ptr)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       buf = allocate
       buf.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ module SFML
                                                      Integer(channel_count),
                                                      Integer(sample_rate),
                                                      map_buf, map.length)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromSamples returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundBuffer_createFromSamples returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       sb = allocate
       sb.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ module SFML
     # underlying memory block.
     def dup
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBuffer_copy(@handle)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBuffer_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundBuffer_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       copy = self.class.allocate
       copy.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ module SFML
     # with).
     def save(path)
       ok = C::Audio.sfSoundBuffer_saveToFile(@handle, path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "could not save SoundBuffer to #{path.inspect}" unless ok
+      raise AudioError, "could not save SoundBuffer to #{path.inspect}" unless ok
       path
     end
 

data/lib/sfml/audio/sound_buffer_recorder.rb

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ module SFML
   class SoundBufferRecorder
     def initialize
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBufferRecorder_create
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBufferRecorder_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundBufferRecorder_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Audio.method(:sfSoundBufferRecorder_destroy))
     end
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module SFML
     # outlives the recorder via the buffer's data.
     def buffer
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundBufferRecorder_getBuffer(@handle)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundBufferRecorder_getBuffer returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundBufferRecorder_getBuffer returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       # Borrowed — recorder owns the underlying sf::SoundBuffer.
       buf = SoundBuffer.allocate
       buf.instance_variable_set(:@handle, ptr)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def device=(name)
       ok = C::Audio.sfSoundBufferRecorder_setDevice(@handle, name.to_s)
-      raise Error, "could not select recording device #{name.inspect}" unless ok
+      raise AudioError, "could not select recording device #{name.inspect}" unless ok
       name
     end
 

data/lib/sfml/audio/sound_recorder.rb

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ module SFML
       end
 
       ptr = C::Audio.sfSoundRecorder_create(@start_cb, @process_cb, @stop_cb, nil)
-      raise Error, "sfSoundRecorder_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundRecorder_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Audio.method(:sfSoundRecorder_destroy))
     end
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def start(sample_rate: 44_100)
       C::Audio.sfSoundRecorder_start(@handle, Integer(sample_rate)) ||
-        raise(Error, "sfSoundRecorder_start failed (no input device or driver error)")
+        raise(AudioError, "sfSoundRecorder_start failed (no input device or driver error)")
       self
     end
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def device=(name)
       C::Audio.sfSoundRecorder_setDevice(@handle, name.to_s) ||
-        raise(Error, "sfSoundRecorder_setDevice failed for #{name.inspect}")
+        raise(AudioError, "sfSoundRecorder_setDevice failed for #{name.inspect}")
     end
 
     # The channel layout the recorder is producing, as an Array of

data/lib/sfml/audio/sound_stream.rb

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ module SFML
         nil, 0,
         nil,
       )
-      raise Error, "sfSoundStream_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise AudioError, "sfSoundStream_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Audio.method(:sfSoundStream_destroy))
 

data/lib/sfml/graphics/animation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+module SFML
+  # A frame-based animation that drives a Sprite's `texture_rect`
+  # over time. Pair it with a `SpriteSheet` or `TextureAtlas`.
+  #
+  #   sheet  = SFML::SpriteSheet.load("hero.png", frame_size: [32, 32])
+  #   walk   = sheet.animation(fps: 12, loop: true)
+  #
+  #   def update(dt)
+  #     walk.update(dt)
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   def draw
+  #     window.draw(walk.sprite)
+  #   end
+  #
+  # `Animation` is a self-contained drawable — it builds its own
+  # internal `Sprite` and advances `texture_rect` on each `#update`.
+  # Use `#sprite` to access the current frame's Sprite for
+  # transform setters (`position=`, `rotation=`, etc.), or call
+  # `Animation#draw_on(target)` directly.
+  #
+  # `frames` may be:
+  #
+  # * An Array of `SFML::Rect` — used as texture_rects in order.
+  # * An Array of Integer indexes paired with `sprite_sheet:`.
+  # * Constructed implicitly via `SpriteSheet#animation` or
+  #   `TextureAtlas#animation` (see those classes).
+  class Animation
+    # @param source [SpriteSheet, TextureAtlas, Texture] backing image
+    # @param frames [Array<SFML::Rect>] texture rects to cycle through
+    # @param fps [Numeric] frames per second
+    # @param loop [Boolean] restart at the end if true; pause if false
+    def initialize(source, frames:, fps: 12, loop: true)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Animation needs at least one frame" if frames.empty?
+
+      texture =
+        case source
+        when Texture       then source
+        when SpriteSheet,
+             TextureAtlas  then source.texture
+        else raise ArgumentError, "Animation source must be Texture / SpriteSheet / TextureAtlas"
+        end
+
+      @frames        = frames
+      @frame_seconds = 1.0 / Float(fps)
+      @loop          = loop
+      @sprite        = Sprite.new(texture)
+      @sprite.texture_rect = @frames.first
+      @elapsed       = 0.0
+      @frame_index   = 0
+      @done          = false
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :sprite, :frame_index
+
+    # Returns whether the animation has reached the end (only
+    # meaningful for non-looping animations).
+    def done? = @done
+
+    def playing? = !@done
+
+    # Advance by `dt` (a `SFML::Time` or seconds Float). Updates
+    # the internal sprite's texture_rect to the current frame.
+    def update(dt)
+      return if @done
+
+      seconds = dt.is_a?(Time) ? dt.as_seconds : Float(dt)
+      @elapsed += seconds
+
+      while @elapsed >= @frame_seconds
+        @elapsed -= @frame_seconds
+        @frame_index += 1
+        if @frame_index >= @frames.size
+          if @loop
+            @frame_index = 0
+          else
+            @frame_index = @frames.size - 1
+            @done = true
+            break
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      @sprite.texture_rect = @frames[@frame_index]
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Rewind to the first frame and clear the done flag.
+    def reset
+      @frame_index = 0
+      @elapsed     = 0.0
+      @done        = false
+      @sprite.texture_rect = @frames.first
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Total animation duration in seconds.
+    def duration = @frames.size * @frame_seconds
+
+    # Drawable interface — forwards to the internal Sprite.
+    def draw_on(target, states_ptr = nil)
+      @sprite.draw_on(target, states_ptr)
+    end
+
+    # Transform passthroughs so callers can write `anim.position =`
+    # instead of `anim.sprite.position =`. The full surface of
+    # Sprite stays accessible via `#sprite` for advanced cases
+    # (color, scale_by, custom blend states, etc.).
+    def position    = @sprite.position
+    def position=(v); @sprite.position = v; end
+    def rotation    = @sprite.rotation
+    def rotation=(v); @sprite.rotation = v; end
+    def scale       = @sprite.scale
+    def scale=(v);    @sprite.scale = v; end
+    def origin      = @sprite.origin
+    def origin=(v);   @sprite.origin = v; end
+    def color       = @sprite.color
+    def color=(v);    @sprite.color = v; end
+  end
+end

data/lib/sfml/graphics/circle_shape.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def initialize(radius: 10.0, **opts)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfCircleShape_create
-      raise Error, "sfCircleShape_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise GraphicsError, "sfCircleShape_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Graphics.method(:sfCircleShape_destroy))
 
       self.radius = radius

data/lib/sfml/graphics/convex_shape.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def initialize(points: nil, **opts)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfConvexShape_create
-      raise Error, "sfConvexShape_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise GraphicsError, "sfConvexShape_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       @handle = FFI::AutoPointer.new(ptr, C::Graphics.method(:sfConvexShape_destroy))
 
       self.points = points if points

data/lib/sfml/graphics/font.rb

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def self.load(path)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfFont_createFromFile(path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "Could not load font from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "Could not load font from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
 
       font = allocate
       font.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module SFML
       buf = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint8, bytes.bytesize)
       buf.write_bytes(bytes)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfFont_createFromMemory(buf, bytes.bytesize)
-      raise Error, "sfFont_createFromMemory returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfFont_createFromMemory returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       font = allocate
       font.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ module SFML
     def self.from_stream(io)
       stream = SFML::InputStream.new(io)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfFont_createFromStream(stream.to_ptr)
-      raise Error, "sfFont_createFromStream returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfFont_createFromStream returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       font = allocate
       font.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ module SFML
     # one without affecting the other.
     def dup
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfFont_copy(@handle)
-      raise Error, "sfFont_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise GraphicsError, "sfFont_copy returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       font = self.class.allocate
       font.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)

data/lib/sfml/graphics/image.rb

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ module SFML
             else
               C::Graphics.sfImage_create(size)
             end
-      raise Error, "sfImage_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise GraphicsError, "sfImage_create returned NULL" if ptr.null?
       _take_ownership(ptr)
     end
 
     def self.load(path)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfImage_createFromFile(path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "Could not load image from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "Could not load image from #{path.inspect}" if ptr.null?
       img = allocate
       img.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
       img
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ module SFML
       buf = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint8, bytes.bytesize)
       buf.write_bytes(bytes)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfImage_createFromMemory(buf, bytes.bytesize)
-      raise Error, "sfImage_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfImage_createFromMemory returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       img = allocate
       img.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ module SFML
     def self.from_stream(io)
       stream = SFML::InputStream.new(io)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfImage_createFromStream(stream.to_ptr)
-      raise Error, "sfImage_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfImage_createFromStream returned NULL — unsupported format?" if ptr.null?
 
       img = allocate
       img.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ module SFML
       size[:x] = Integer(width)
       size[:y] = Integer(height)
       ptr = C::Graphics.sfImage_createFromPixels(size, buf)
-      raise Error, "sfImage_createFromPixels returned NULL" if ptr.null?
+      raise LoadError, "sfImage_createFromPixels returned NULL" if ptr.null?
 
       img = allocate
       img.send(:_take_ownership, ptr)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ module SFML
 
     def save(path)
       ok = C::Graphics.sfImage_saveToFile(@handle, path.to_s)
-      raise Error, "Could not save image to #{path.inspect}" unless ok
+      raise LoadError, "Could not save image to #{path.inspect}" unless ok
       path
     end
 
@@ -164,11 +164,11 @@ module SFML
     #   File.binwrite("out.png", png_bytes)
     def save_to_memory(format)
       buffer = C::System.sfBuffer_create
-      raise Error, "sfBuffer_create returned NULL" if buffer.null?
+      raise GraphicsError, "sfBuffer_create returned NULL" if buffer.null?
 
       begin
         ok = C::Graphics.sfImage_saveToMemory(@handle, buffer, format.to_s)
-        raise Error, "Could not encode image as #{format.inspect}" unless ok
+        raise LoadError, "Could not encode image as #{format.inspect}" unless ok
 
         size = C::System.sfBuffer_getSize(buffer)
         data = C::System.sfBuffer_getData(buffer)