rqrcode 0.1.0

data/CHANGELOG

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+*0.1.0* (Feb 23rd, 2008)
+
+* Initial Release [DR]

data/README

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+= Project: rQRCode, Encode QRCodes
+
+rQRCode is a library for encoding QR Codes in Ruby. It has a simple interface with all the standard qrcode options. It was adapted from the Javascript library by Kazuhiko Arase.
+
+= An Overview
+
+Let's clear up some rQRCode stuff.
+
+# rQRCode is a *standalone library*. It requires no other libraries. Just Ruby!
+# It is an encoding library. You can't decode QR codes with it.
+# The interface is simple and assumes you just want to encode a string into a QR code
+# QR code is trademarked by Denso Wave inc
+
+= Rescources
+
+# wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code]
+# Denso-Wave website [http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/index-e.html]
+# kaywa [http://qrcode.kaywa.com/]
+
+
+== Installing
+
+You may get the latest stable version from Rubyforge. Source gems are also available.
+
+  $ gem install rqrcode
+
+=== Loading rQRCode Itself
+
+You have installed the gem already, yeah?
+
+ require 'rubygems'
+ require 'qrqcode'
+
+=== Simple QRCode generation to screen
+
+ qr = RQRCode::QRCode.new( 'my string to generate', :size => 4, :level => :h )
+ qr.to_console
+ #
+ # Prints:
+ # xxxxxxx x  x x   x x  xx  xxxxxxx
+ # x     x  xxx  xxxxxx xxx  x     x
+ # x xxx x  xxxxx x       xx x xxx x
+ # ... etc
+
+=== Simple QRCode generation to view (RubyOnRails)
+
+controller:
+ @qr = RQRCode::QRCode.new( 'my string to generate', :size => 4, :level => :h )
+
+view: (minimal styling added)
+<style type="text/css">
+table {
+  border-width: 0;
+  border-style: none;
+  border-color: #0000ff;
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+td {
+  border-width: 0; 
+  border-style: none;
+  border-color: #0000ff; 
+  border-collapse: collapse; 
+  padding: 0; 
+  margin: 0; 
+  width: 10px; 
+  height: 10px; 
+}
+td.black { background-color: #000; }
+td.white { background-color: #fff; }
+</style>
+
+<table>
+<% (0...@qr.module_count).each do |x| %>
+  <tr>  
+  <% (0...@qr.module_count).each do |y| %>
+    <% if @qr.is_dark(x,y) %>
+		<td class="black"/>
+    <% else %>
+		<td class="white"/>
+    <% end %>
+  <% end %>
+  </tr>
+<% end %>
+</table>
+
+== Contact
+
+Author::     Duncan Robertson 
+Email::      duncan@whomwah.com 
+Home Page::  http://whomwah.com
+License::    MIT Licence (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html)

data/lib/rqrcode.rb

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+#--
+# Copyright 2004 by Duncan Robertson (duncan@whomwah.com).
+# All rights reserved.
+
+# Permission is granted for use, copying, modification, distribution,
+# and distribution of modified versions of this work as long as the
+# above copyright notice is included.
+#++
+
+require "rqrcode/core_ext"
+require "rqrcode/qrcode"

data/lib/rqrcode/core_ext.rb

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+Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/core_ext/*.rb"].sort.each do |path|
+  filename = File.basename(path)
+  require "rqrcode/core_ext/#{filename}"
+end
+

data/lib/rqrcode/core_ext/array.rb

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+require 'rqrcode/core_ext/array/behavior'
+
+class Array
+  include CoreExtensions::Array::Behavior
+end

data/lib/rqrcode/core_ext/array/behavior.rb

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+module CoreExtensions
+  module Array
+    module Behavior
+			def extract_options!
+				last.is_a?(::Hash) ? pop : {}
+			end
+		end
+	end
+end

data/lib/rqrcode/core_ext/integer.rb

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+require 'rqrcode/core_ext/integer/bitwise'
+
+class Integer
+  include CoreExtensions::Integer::Bitwise
+end

data/lib/rqrcode/core_ext/integer/bitwise.rb

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+module CoreExtensions
+  module Integer
+    module Bitwise
+      def rszf(count)
+        # zero fill right shift
+        (self >> count) & ((2 ** ((self.size * 8) - count))-1)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+

data/lib/rqrcode/qrcode.rb

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+#--
+# Copyright 2004 by Duncan Robertson (duncan@whomwah.com).
+# All rights reserved.
+
+# Permission is granted for use, copying, modification, distribution,
+# and distribution of modified versions of this work as long as the
+# above copyright notice is included.
+#++
+
+module RQRCode
+
+  QRMODE = {
+    :mode_number		=> 1 << 0,
+    :mode_alpha_num	=> 1 << 1,
+    :mode_8bit_byte	=> 1 << 2,
+    :mode_kanji			=> 1 << 3
+  }
+
+  QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL = {
+    :l => 1,
+    :m => 0,
+    :q => 3,
+    :h => 2
+  }
+
+  QRMASKPATTERN = {
+    :pattern000 => 0,
+    :pattern001 => 1,
+    :pattern010 => 2,
+    :pattern011 => 3,
+    :pattern100 => 4,
+    :pattern101 => 5,
+    :pattern110 => 6,
+    :pattern111 => 7
+  }
+
+	class QRCodeArgumentError < ArgumentError; end
+	class QRCodeRunTimeError < RuntimeError; end
+
+  class QRCode
+    attr_reader :modules, :module_count
+
+    PAD0 = 0xEC
+    PAD1 = 0x11	
+
+    def initialize( *args )
+			raise QRCodeArgumentError unless args.first.kind_of?( String )
+
+			@data									= args.shift
+			options								= args.extract_options!
+      level									= options[:level] || :h 
+      @error_correct_level  = QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL[ level.to_sym ] 
+      @type_number	        = options[:size] || 4
+			@module_count					= @type_number * 4 + 17
+      @modules							= nil
+      @data_cache						= nil
+			@data_list						= QR8bitByte.new( @data )
+
+			self.make # let's go !
+    end
+
+
+    def is_dark( row, col )
+      if row < 0 || @module_count <= row || col < 0 || @module_count <= col
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "#{row},#{col}"
+      end
+      @modules[row][col]
+    end
+
+    def to_console
+      (0...@module_count).each do |col|
+        tmp = []
+        (0...@module_count).each do |row|
+          if is_dark(col,row)
+            tmp << "x"
+          else
+            tmp << " "
+          end
+        end 
+        puts tmp.join
+      end
+    end
+
+		protected
+
+		def make
+      make_impl( false, get_best_mask_pattern )
+		end
+
+		private
+
+
+    def make_impl( test, mask_pattern )
+      @modules = Array.new( @module_count )
+
+      ( 0...@module_count ).each do |row|
+        @modules[row] = Array.new( @module_count )
+      end
+
+      setup_position_probe_pattern( 0, 0 )
+      setup_position_probe_pattern( @module_count - 7, 0 )
+      setup_position_probe_pattern( 0, @module_count - 7 )
+      setup_position_adjust_pattern
+      setup_timing_pattern
+      setup_type_info( test, mask_pattern )
+      setup_type_number( test ) if @type_number >= 7
+
+      if @data_cache.nil?
+        @data_cache = QRCode.create_data( 
+          @type_number, @error_correct_level, @data_list 
+        ) 
+      end
+
+      map_data( @data_cache, mask_pattern )
+    end
+
+
+    def setup_position_probe_pattern( row, col )
+      ( -1..7 ).each do |r|
+        next if ( row + r )  <= -1 || @module_count <= ( row + r )
+        ( -1..7 ).each do |c|
+          next if ( col + c ) <= -1 || @module_count <= ( col + c )
+          if 0 <= r && r <= 6 && ( c == 0 || c == 6 ) || 0 <= c && c <= 6 && ( r == 0 || r == 6 ) || 2 <= r && r <= 4 && 2 <= c && c <= 4
+            @modules[row + r][col + c] = true;
+          else
+            @modules[row + r][col + c] = false;
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def get_best_mask_pattern
+      min_lost_point = 0
+      pattern = 0
+
+      ( 0...8 ).each do |i|
+        make_impl( true, i )
+        lost_point = QRUtil.get_lost_point( self )
+
+        if i == 0 || min_lost_point > lost_point
+          min_lost_point = lost_point
+          pattern = i
+        end
+      end
+      pattern
+    end
+
+
+    def setup_timing_pattern
+      ( 8...@module_count - 8 ).each do |r|
+        next unless @modules[r][6].nil?
+        @modules[r][6] = (r % 2 == 0)
+      end
+
+      ( 8...@module_count - 8 ).each do |c|
+        next unless @modules[6][c].nil?
+        @modules[6][c] = (c % 2 == 0)
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def setup_position_adjust_pattern
+      pos = QRUtil.get_pattern_position(@type_number)
+
+      ( 0...pos.size ).each do |i|
+        ( 0...pos.size ).each do |j|
+          row = pos[i]
+          col = pos[j]
+
+          next unless @modules[row][col].nil?
+
+          ( -2..2 ).each do |r|
+            ( -2..2 ).each do |c|
+              if r == -2 || r == 2 || c == -2 || c == 2 || ( r == 0 && c == 0 )
+                @modules[row + r][col + c] = true
+              else
+                @modules[row + r][col + c] = false
+              end
+            end
+          end	
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def setup_type_number( test )
+      bits = QRUtil.get_bch_type_number( @type_number )
+
+      ( 0...18 ).each do |i|
+        mod = ( !test && ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1 )
+        @modules[ (i / 3).floor ][ i % 3 + @module_count - 8 - 3 ] = mod
+      end
+
+      ( 0...18 ).each do |i|
+        mod = ( !test && ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1 )
+        @modules[ i % 3 + @module_count - 8 - 3 ][ (i / 3).floor ] = mod
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def setup_type_info( test, mask_pattern )
+      data = (@error_correct_level << 3 | mask_pattern)
+      bits = QRUtil.get_bch_type_info( data )
+
+      # vertical
+      ( 0...15 ).each do |i|
+        mod = (!test && ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1)
+
+        if i < 6
+          @modules[i][8] = mod
+        elsif i < 8
+          @modules[ i + 1 ][8] = mod
+        else
+          @modules[ @module_count - 15 + i ][8] = mod
+        end
+
+      end
+
+      # horizontal
+      ( 0...15 ).each do |i|
+        mod = (!test && ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1)
+
+        if i < 8
+          @modules[8][ @module_count - i - 1 ] = mod
+        elsif i < 9
+          @modules[8][ 15 - i - 1 + 1 ] = mod
+        else
+          @modules[8][ 15 - i - 1 ] = mod
+        end
+      end
+
+      # fixed module
+      @modules[ @module_count - 8 ][8] = !test	
+    end
+
+
+    def map_data( data, mask_pattern )
+      inc = -1
+      row = @module_count - 1
+      bit_index = 7
+      byte_index = 0
+
+      ( @module_count - 1 ).step( 1, -2 ) do |col|
+        col = col - 1 if col <= 6
+
+        while true do
+          ( 0...2 ).each do |c|
+
+            if @modules[row][ col - c ].nil?
+              dark = false
+              if byte_index < data.size
+                dark = (( (data[byte_index]).rszf( bit_index ) & 1) == 1 )
+              end
+              mask = QRUtil.get_mask( mask_pattern, row, col - c )
+              dark = !dark if mask
+              @modules[row][ col - c ] = dark
+              bit_index -= 1
+
+              if bit_index == -1
+                byte_index += 1
+                bit_index = 7
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          row += inc
+
+          if row < 0 || @module_count <= row
+            row -= inc
+            inc = -inc
+            break
+          end
+        end
+      end	
+    end
+
+    def QRCode.create_data( type_number, error_correct_level, data_list )
+      rs_blocks = QRRSBlock.get_rs_blocks( type_number, error_correct_level )
+      buffer = QRBitBuffer.new
+
+      data = data_list
+      buffer.put( data.mode, 4 )
+      buffer.put( 
+        data.get_length, QRUtil.get_length_in_bits( data.mode, type_number ) 
+      )
+      data.write( buffer )	
+
+      total_data_count = 0
+      ( 0...rs_blocks.size ).each do |i|
+        total_data_count = total_data_count + rs_blocks[i].data_count	
+      end
+
+      if buffer.get_length_in_bits > total_data_count * 8
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError, 
+					"code length overflow. (#{buffer.get_length_in_bits}>#{total_data_count})"
+      end
+
+      if buffer.get_length_in_bits + 4 <= total_data_count * 8
+        buffer.put( 0, 4 )
+      end
+
+      while buffer.get_length_in_bits % 8 != 0
+        buffer.put_bit( false )
+      end
+
+      while true
+        break if buffer.get_length_in_bits >= total_data_count * 8
+        buffer.put( QRCode::PAD0, 8 )
+        break if buffer.get_length_in_bits >= total_data_count * 8
+        buffer.put( QRCode::PAD1, 8 )
+      end
+
+      QRCode.create_bytes( buffer, rs_blocks )
+    end
+
+
+    def QRCode.create_bytes( buffer, rs_blocks )
+      offset = 0
+      max_dc_count = 0
+      max_ec_count = 0
+      dcdata = Array.new( rs_blocks.size )
+      ecdata = Array.new( rs_blocks.size )
+
+      ( 0...rs_blocks.size ).each do |r|
+        dc_count = rs_blocks[r].data_count
+        ec_count = rs_blocks[r].total_count - dc_count
+        max_dc_count = [ max_dc_count, dc_count ].max
+        max_ec_count = [ max_ec_count, ec_count ].max
+        dcdata[r] = Array.new( dc_count ) 
+
+        ( 0...dcdata[r].size ).each do |i|
+          dcdata[r][i] = 0xff & buffer.buffer[ i + offset ] 
+        end
+
+        offset = offset + dc_count
+        rs_poly = QRUtil.get_error_correct_polynomial( ec_count )
+        raw_poly = QRPolynomial.new( dcdata[r], rs_poly.get_length - 1 )
+        mod_poly = raw_poly.mod( rs_poly )
+        ecdata[r] = Array.new( rs_poly.get_length - 1 )
+        ( 0...ecdata[r].size ).each do |i|
+          mod_index = i + mod_poly.get_length - ecdata[r].size
+          ecdata[r][i] = mod_index >= 0 ? mod_poly.get( mod_index ) : 0
+        end
+      end
+
+      total_code_count = 0
+      ( 0...rs_blocks.size ).each do |i|
+        total_code_count = total_code_count + rs_blocks[i].total_count
+      end
+
+      data = Array.new( total_code_count )
+      index = 0
+
+      ( 0...max_dc_count ).each do |i|
+        ( 0...rs_blocks.size ).each do |r|
+          if i < dcdata[r].size
+            index += 1
+            data[index-1] = dcdata[r][i]			
+          end	
+        end
+      end
+
+      ( 0...max_ec_count ).each do |i|
+        ( 0...rs_blocks.size ).each do |r|
+          if i < ecdata[r].size
+            index += 1
+            data[index-1] = ecdata[r][i]			
+          end	
+        end
+      end
+
+      data
+    end 
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QR8bitByte
+    attr_reader :mode
+
+    def initialize( data )
+      @mode = QRMODE[:mode_8bit_byte]
+      @data = data;
+    end
+
+
+    def get_length
+      @data.size
+    end
+
+
+    def write( buffer )
+      ( 0...@data.size ).each do |i|
+        buffer.put( @data[i], 8 )
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QRPolynomial
+
+    def initialize( num, shift )
+      raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "#{num.size}/#{shift}" if num.empty?
+      offset = 0
+
+      while offset < num.size && num[offset] == 0
+        offset = offset + 1
+      end
+
+      @num = Array.new( num.size - offset + shift )
+
+      ( 0...num.size - offset ).each do |i|
+        @num[i] = num[i + offset]
+      end 
+    end
+
+
+    def get( index )
+      @num[index]
+    end
+
+
+    def get_length
+      @num.size
+    end
+
+
+    def multiply( e )
+      num = Array.new( get_length + e.get_length - 1 )
+
+      ( 0...get_length ).each do |i|
+        ( 0...e.get_length ).each do |j|
+          tmp = num[i + j].nil? ? 0 : num[i + j]
+          num[i + j] = tmp ^ QRMath.gexp(QRMath.glog( get(i) ) + QRMath.glog(e.get(j)))
+        end
+      end
+
+      return QRPolynomial.new( num, 0 )
+    end
+
+
+    def mod( e )
+      if get_length - e.get_length < 0
+        return self
+      end
+
+      ratio = QRMath.glog(get(0)) - QRMath.glog(e.get(0))
+      num = Array.new(get_length)
+
+      ( 0...get_length ).each do |i|
+        num[i] = get(i)
+      end	
+
+      ( 0...e.get_length ).each do |i|
+        tmp = num[i].nil? ? 0 : num[i]
+        num[i] = tmp ^ QRMath.gexp(QRMath.glog(e.get(i)) + ratio)
+      end
+
+      return QRPolynomial.new( num, 0 ).mod(e)
+    end 
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QRRSBlock
+    attr_reader :data_count, :total_count
+
+    def initialize( total_count, data_count )
+      @total_count = total_count
+      @data_count = data_count
+    end
+
+    RS_BLOCK_TABLE = [
+
+      # L
+      # M
+      # Q
+      # H
+
+      # 1
+      [1, 26, 19],
+      [1, 26, 16],
+      [1, 26, 13],
+      [1, 26, 9],
+
+      # 2
+      [1, 44, 34],
+      [1, 44, 28],
+      [1, 44, 22],
+      [1, 44, 16],
+
+      # 3
+      [1, 70, 55],
+      [1, 70, 44],
+      [2, 35, 17],
+      [2, 35, 13],
+
+      # 4		
+      [1, 100, 80],
+      [2, 50, 32],
+      [2, 50, 24],
+      [4, 25, 9],
+
+      # 5
+      [1, 134, 108],
+      [2, 67, 43],
+      [2, 33, 15, 2, 34, 16],
+      [2, 33, 11, 2, 34, 12],
+
+      # 6
+      [2, 86, 68],
+      [4, 43, 27],
+      [4, 43, 19],
+      [4, 43, 15],
+
+      # 7		
+      [2, 98, 78],
+      [4, 49, 31],
+      [2, 32, 14, 4, 33, 15],
+      [4, 39, 13, 1, 40, 14],
+
+      # 8
+      [2, 121, 97],
+      [2, 60, 38, 2, 61, 39],
+      [4, 40, 18, 2, 41, 19],
+      [4, 40, 14, 2, 41, 15],
+
+      # 9
+      [2, 146, 116],
+      [3, 58, 36, 2, 59, 37],
+      [4, 36, 16, 4, 37, 17],
+      [4, 36, 12, 4, 37, 13],
+
+      # 10		
+      [2, 86, 68, 2, 87, 69],
+      [4, 69, 43, 1, 70, 44],
+      [6, 43, 19, 2, 44, 20],
+      [6, 43, 15, 2, 44, 16]
+
+    ]
+
+
+    def QRRSBlock.get_rs_blocks( type_no, error_correct_level )
+      rs_block = QRRSBlock.get_rs_block_table( type_no, error_correct_level )
+
+      if rs_block.nil?
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError,
+					"bad rsblock @ typeno: #{type_no}/error_correct_level:#{error_correct_level}"
+      end
+
+      length = rs_block.size / 3
+      list = [] 
+
+      ( 0...length ).each do |i|
+        count = rs_block[i * 3 + 0]
+        total_count = rs_block[i * 3 + 1]
+        data_count = rs_block[i * 3 + 2]
+
+        ( 0...count ).each do |j|
+          list << QRRSBlock.new( total_count, data_count )
+        end
+      end
+
+      list
+    end
+
+
+    def QRRSBlock.get_rs_block_table( type_number, error_correct_level )
+      case error_correct_level
+      when QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL[:l]
+        QRRSBlock::RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(type_number - 1) * 4 + 0]
+      when QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL[:m]
+        QRRSBlock::RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(type_number - 1) * 4 + 1]
+      when QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL[:q]
+        QRRSBlock::RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(type_number - 1) * 4 + 2]
+      when QRERRORCORRECTLEVEL[:h]
+        QRRSBlock::RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(type_number - 1) * 4 + 3]
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end 
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QRBitBuffer
+    attr_reader :buffer
+
+    def initialize
+      @buffer = []
+      @length = 0
+    end
+
+
+    def get( index )
+      buf_index = (index / 8).floor
+      (( (@buffer[buf_index]).rszf(7 - index % 8)) & 1) == 1
+    end
+
+
+    def put( num, length )
+      ( 0...length ).each do |i|
+        put_bit((((num).rszf(length - i - 1)) & 1) == 1)
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def get_length_in_bits
+      @length
+    end
+
+
+    def put_bit( bit )
+      buf_index = ( @length / 8 ).floor
+      if @buffer.size <= buf_index
+        @buffer << 0
+      end
+
+      if bit
+        @buffer[buf_index] |= ((0x80).rszf(@length % 8))
+      end
+
+      @length += 1
+    end 
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QRUtil
+
+    PATTERN_POSITION_TABLE = [
+      
+      [],
+      [6, 18],
+      [6, 22],
+      [6, 26],
+      [6, 30],
+      [6, 34],
+      [6, 22, 38],
+      [6, 24, 42],
+      [6, 26, 46],
+      [6, 28, 50],
+      [6, 30, 54],		
+      [6, 32, 58],
+      [6, 34, 62],
+      [6, 26, 46, 66],
+      [6, 26, 48, 70],
+      [6, 26, 50, 74],
+      [6, 30, 54, 78],
+      [6, 30, 56, 82],
+      [6, 30, 58, 86],
+      [6, 34, 62, 90],
+      [6, 28, 50, 72, 94],
+      [6, 26, 50, 74, 98],
+      [6, 30, 54, 78, 102],
+      [6, 28, 54, 80, 106],
+      [6, 32, 58, 84, 110],
+      [6, 30, 58, 86, 114],
+      [6, 34, 62, 90, 118],
+      [6, 26, 50, 74, 98, 122],
+      [6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126],
+      [6, 26, 52, 78, 104, 130],
+      [6, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134],
+      [6, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138],
+      [6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142],
+      [6, 34, 62, 90, 118, 146],
+      [6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126, 150],
+      [6, 24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154],
+      [6, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158],
+      [6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162],
+      [6, 26, 54, 82, 110, 138, 166],
+      [6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142, 170]
+    ]
+
+    G15 = 1 << 10 | 1 << 8 | 1 << 5 | 1 << 4 | 1 << 2 | 1 << 1 | 1 << 0	
+    G18 = 1 << 12 | 1 << 11 | 1 << 10 | 1 << 9 | 1 << 8 | 1 << 5 | 1 << 2 | 1 << 0
+    G15_MASK = 1 << 14 | 1 << 12 | 1 << 10 | 1 << 4 | 1 << 1
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_bch_type_info( data )
+      d = data << 10
+      while QRUtil.get_bch_digit(d) - QRUtil.get_bch_digit(G15) >= 0
+        d ^= (G15 << (QRUtil.get_bch_digit(d) - QRUtil.get_bch_digit(G15)))
+      end
+      (( data << 10 ) | d) ^ G15_MASK
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_bch_type_number( data )
+      d = data << 12
+      while QRUtil.get_bch_digit(d) - QRUtil.get_bch_digit(G18) >= 0
+        d ^= (G18 << (QRUtil.get_bch_digit(d) - QRUtil.get_bch_digit(G18)))
+      end
+      ( data << 12 ) | d
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_bch_digit( data )
+      digit = 0
+
+      while data != 0
+        digit = digit + 1
+        data = (data).rszf(1)
+      end
+
+      digit
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_pattern_position( type_number )
+      PATTERN_POSITION_TABLE[ type_number - 1 ]
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_mask( mask_pattern, i, j )
+      case mask_pattern
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern000]
+        (i + j) % 2 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern001]
+        i % 2 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern010]
+        j % 3 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern011]
+        (i + j) % 3 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern100]
+        ((i / 2).floor + (j / 3).floor ) % 2 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern101]
+        (i * j) % 2 + (i * j) % 3 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern110]
+        ( (i * j) % 2 + (i * j) % 3) % 2 == 0
+      when QRMASKPATTERN[:pattern111]
+        ( (i * j) % 3 + (i + j) % 2) % 2 == 0
+      else
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "bad mask_pattern: #{mask_pattern}"	
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_error_correct_polynomial( error_correct_length )
+      a = QRPolynomial.new( [1], 0 )
+
+      ( 0...error_correct_length ).each do |i|
+        a = a.multiply( QRPolynomial.new( [1, QRMath.gexp(i)], 0 ) )
+      end
+
+      a
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_length_in_bits( mode, type )
+      if 1 <= type && type < 10
+
+        # 1 - 9
+        case mode
+        when QRMODE[:mode_number] :	10
+        when QRMODE[:mode_alpha_num] : 9
+        when QRMODE[:mode_8bit_byte] : 8
+        when QRMODE[:mode_kanji] : 8
+        else
+          raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "mode: #{mode}"
+        end
+
+      elsif type < 27
+
+        # 10 -26
+        case mode
+        when QRMODE[:mode_number] :	12
+        when QRMODE[:mode_alpha_num] : 11
+        when QRMODE[:mode_8bit_byte] : 16
+        when QRMODE[:mode_kanji] : 10
+        else
+          raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "mode: #{mode}"
+        end
+
+      elsif type < 41
+
+        # 27 - 40
+        case mode
+        when QRMODE[:mode_number] :	14
+        when QRMODE[:mode_alpha_num] : 13
+        when QRMODE[:mode_8bit_byte] : 16
+        when QRMODE[:mode_kanji] : 12
+        else
+          raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "mode: #{mode}"
+        end
+
+      else
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "type: #{type}"
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def QRUtil.get_lost_point( qr_code )
+      module_count = qr_code.module_count
+      lost_point = 0
+
+      # level1
+      ( 0...module_count ).each do |row|
+        ( 0...module_count ).each do |col|
+          same_count = 0
+          dark = qr_code.is_dark( row, col )
+
+          ( -1..1 ).each do |r|
+            next if row + r < 0 || module_count <= row + r
+
+            ( -1..1 ).each do |c|
+              next if col + c < 0 || module_count <= col + c
+              next if r == 0 && c == 0
+              if dark == qr_code.is_dark( row + r, col + c )
+                same_count += 1
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          if same_count > 5
+            lost_point += (3 + same_count - 5)
+          end	
+        end
+      end
+
+      # level 2
+      ( 0...( module_count - 1 ) ).each do |row|
+        ( 0...( module_count - 1 ) ).each do |col|
+          count = 0
+          count = count + 1 if qr_code.is_dark( row, col )
+          count = count + 1 if qr_code.is_dark( row + 1, col )
+          count = count + 1 if qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 1 )
+          count = count + 1 if qr_code.is_dark( row + 1, col + 1 )
+          lost_point = lost_point + 3 if (count == 0 || count == 4)	
+        end	
+      end
+
+      # level 3
+      ( 0...module_count ).each do |row|
+        ( 0...( module_count - 6 ) ).each do |col|
+          if qr_code.is_dark( row, col ) && !qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 1 ) && qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 2 ) && qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 3 ) && qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 4 ) && !qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 5 ) && qr_code.is_dark( row, col + 6 )
+            lost_point = lost_point + 40
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ( 0...module_count ).each do |col|
+        ( 0...( module_count - 6 ) ).each do |row|
+          if qr_code.is_dark(row, col) && !qr_code.is_dark(row + 1, col) &&  qr_code.is_dark(row + 2, col) &&  qr_code.is_dark(row + 3, col) &&  qr_code.is_dark(row + 4, col) && !qr_code.is_dark(row + 5, col) &&  qr_code.is_dark(row + 6, col)
+            lost_point = lost_point + 40
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # level 4
+      dark_count = 0
+
+      ( 0...module_count ).each do |col|
+        ( 0...module_count ).each do |row|
+          if qr_code.is_dark(row, col)
+            dark_count = dark_count + 1
+          end	
+        end
+      end
+
+      ratio = (100 * dark_count / module_count / module_count - 50).abs / 5
+      lost_point = lost_point * 10
+
+      lost_point			
+    end	
+
+  end
+
+
+  class QRMath
+
+    module_eval { 
+      exp_table = Array.new(256)
+      log_table = Array.new(256)
+
+      ( 0...8 ).each do |i|
+        exp_table[i] = 1 << i
+      end
+
+      ( 8...256 ).each do |i|
+        exp_table[i] = exp_table[i - 4] \
+          ^ exp_table[i - 5] \
+          ^ exp_table[i - 6] \
+          ^ exp_table[i - 8]
+      end
+
+      ( 0...255 ).each do |i|
+        log_table[exp_table[i] ] = i
+      end
+
+      EXP_TABLE = exp_table 
+      LOG_TABLE = log_table 
+    }
+
+    class << self
+
+      def glog(n)
+        raise QRCodeRunTimeError, "glog(#{n})" if ( n < 1 )
+        LOG_TABLE[n]
+      end
+
+
+      def gexp(n)
+        while n < 0
+          n = n + 255
+        end
+
+        while n >= 256
+          n = n - 255
+        end
+
+        EXP_TABLE[n]
+      end
+
+    end
+
+  end
+
+
+end