rev 0.1.0

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.co.jp>.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either the terms of the GPL
+(see COPYING.txt file), or the conditions below:
+
+  1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+     software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+     original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+     you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+	  modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+	  the author to include your modifications in the software.
+
+       b) use the modified software only within your corporation or
+          organization.
+
+       c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not conflict
+	  with standard executables, which must also be provided.
+
+       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+  3. You may distribute the software in object code or executable
+     form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a) distribute the executables and library files of the software,
+	  together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+	  on where to get the original distribution.
+
+       b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+	  the software.
+
+       c) give non-standard executables non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+  4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+     software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
+     are not written by the author, so that they are not under this terms.
+
+     They are gc.c(partly), utils.c(partly), regex.[ch], st.[ch] and some
+     files under the ./missing directory.  See each file for the copying
+     condition.
+
+  5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as 
+     output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+     copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them, 
+     and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+     software.
+
+  6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+     IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+     WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+     PURPOSE.
+

data/README

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+= Rev
+
+Rev is a high performance event library for Ruby 1.9.  It uses the libev C
+library to handle support for underlying system calls.  This includes the
+epoll system call for Linux, the kqueue system call for BSDs and OS X, and the
+completion ports interface for Solaris.
+
+Rev also binds asynchronous wrappers to Ruby's core socket classes so you can
+use them in conjunction with Rev to build asynchronous event-driven 
+applications.
+
+== Anatomy
+
+Rev builds on two core classes which bind to the libev API:
+
+* Rev::Loop - This class represents an event loop which uses underlying high
+  performance system calls to wait for events.
+
+* Rev::Watcher - This is the base class for event observers.  Once you attach
+  an event observer to a loop and start running it, you will begin receiving
+  callbacks to particlar methods when events occur.
+
+== Watchers
+
+There are presently two types of watchers:
+
+* Rev::IOWatcher - This class waits for an IO object to become readable,
+  writable, or both.
+
+* Rev::TimerWatcher - This class waits for a specified duration then fires
+  an event.  You can also configure it to fire an event at specified intervals.
+
+== Using Watchers
+
+Watchers have five important methods:
+
+* attach(loop) - This binds a watcher to the specified event loop.  If the
+  watcher is already bound to a loop it will be detached first, then attached
+  to the new one.
+
+* detach - This completely unbinds a watcher from an event loop.
+
+* disable - This stops the watcher from receiving events but does not unbind
+  it from the loop.  If you are trying to toggle a watcher on and off, it's
+  best to use this method (and enable) as it performs better than completely
+  removing the watcher from the event loop.
+
+* enable - This re-enables a watcher which has been disabled in the past.
+  The watcher must still be bound to an event loop.
+
+* evloop - This returns the Rev::Loop object which the watcher is currently
+  bound to.
+
+== Asynchronous Wrappers
+
+Several classes which provide asynchronous event-driven wrappers for Ruby's
+core socket classes are also provided.  Among these are:
+
+* Rev::TCPSocket - A buffered wrapper to core Ruby's Socket class for use with
+  TCP sockets.  You can asynchronously create outgoing TCP connections using 
+  its Rev::TCPSocket.connect method.  Rev::TCPSocket provides write buffering
+  to ensure that writing never blocks, and has asynchronous callbacks for
+  several events, including when the connection is opened (or failed), when
+  data is received, when the write buffer has been written out completely,
+  and when the connection closes.
+
+* Rev::TCPServer - A wrapper for TCPServer which creates new instances of
+  Rev::TCPSocket (or any subclass you wish to provide) whenever an incoming
+  connection is received.
+
+== Example Program
+
+Below is an example of how to write an echo server:
+
+  PORT = 4321
+
+  class EchoServerConnection < Rev::TCPSocket
+    def initialize(socket)
+      super
+
+      puts "Received connection from #{remote_addr}:#{remote_port}"
+    end
+
+    def on_close
+      puts "Connection closed from #{remote_addr}:#{remote_port}"
+    end
+
+    def on_read(data)
+      write data
+    end
+  end
+
+  event_loop = Rev::Loop.new
+  Rev::TCPServer.new('localhost', PORT, EchoServerConnection).attach(event_loop)
+
+  puts "Echo server listening on port #{PORT}"
+  event_loop.run
+
+Here a new observer type (EchoServerConnection) is made by subclassing an
+existing one and adding new implementations to existing event handlers.
+
+A new event loop is created, and a new Rev::TCPServer (whose base class is
+Rev::Watcher) is created and attached to the event loop.
+
+Once this is done, the event loop is started with event_loop.run.  This method
+will block until there are no active watchers for the loop or the loop is
+stopped explicitly with event_loop.stop.

data/ext/libev/ev.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2440 @@
+/*
+ * libev event processing core, watcher management
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ *       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+ *       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+ *       with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_STANDALONE
+# ifdef EV_CONFIG_H
+#  include EV_CONFIG_H
+# else
+#  include "config.h"
+# endif
+
+# if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+#  ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+#   define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 1
+#  endif
+#  ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
+#   define EV_USE_REALTIME  1
+#  endif
+# else
+#  ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+#   define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
+#  endif
+#  ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
+#   define EV_USE_REALTIME  0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef EV_USE_NANOSLEEP
+#  if HAVE_NANOSLEEP
+#   define EV_USE_NANOSLEEP 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_NANOSLEEP 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
+#  if HAVE_SELECT && HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#   define EV_USE_SELECT 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_SELECT 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef EV_USE_POLL
+#  if HAVE_POLL && HAVE_POLL_H
+#   define EV_USE_POLL 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_POLL 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+   
+# ifndef EV_USE_EPOLL
+#  if HAVE_EPOLL_CTL && HAVE_SYS_EPOLL_H
+#   define EV_USE_EPOLL 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+   
+# ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
+#  if HAVE_KQUEUE && HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H && HAVE_SYS_QUEUE_H
+#   define EV_USE_KQUEUE 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+   
+# ifndef EV_USE_PORT
+#  if HAVE_PORT_H && HAVE_PORT_CREATE
+#   define EV_USE_PORT 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_PORT 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+# ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
+#  if HAVE_INOTIFY_INIT && HAVE_SYS_INOTIFY_H
+#   define EV_USE_INOTIFY 1
+#  else
+#   define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+#endif
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#ifdef EV_H
+# include EV_H
+#else
+# include "ev.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# include <sys/wait.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#else
+# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+# include <windows.h>
+# ifndef EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
+#  define EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET 1
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/**/
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+# define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
+# define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_NANOSLEEP
+# define EV_USE_NANOSLEEP 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
+# define EV_USE_SELECT 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_POLL
+# ifdef _WIN32
+#  define EV_USE_POLL 0
+# else
+#  define EV_USE_POLL 1
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_EPOLL
+# define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
+# define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_PORT
+# define EV_USE_PORT 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
+# define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_PID_HASHSIZE
+# if EV_MINIMAL
+#  define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 1
+# else
+#  define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 16
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE
+# if EV_MINIMAL
+#  define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 1
+# else
+#  define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 16
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/**/
+
+#ifndef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+# undef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+# define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CLOCK_REALTIME
+# undef EV_USE_REALTIME
+# define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
+#endif
+
+#if !EV_STAT_ENABLE
+# undef EV_USE_INOTIFY
+# define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
+#endif
+
+#if !EV_USE_NANOSLEEP
+# ifndef _WIN32
+#  include <sys/select.h>
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+# include <sys/inotify.h>
+#endif
+
+#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
+# include <winsock.h>
+#endif
+
+/**/
+
+/*
+ * This is used to avoid floating point rounding problems.
+ * It is added to ev_rt_now when scheduling periodics
+ * to ensure progress, time-wise, even when rounding
+ * errors are against us.
+ * This value is good at least till the year 4000.
+ * Better solutions welcome.
+ */
+#define TIME_EPSILON  0.0001220703125 /* 1/8192 */
+
+#define MIN_TIMEJUMP  1. /* minimum timejump that gets detected (if monotonic clock available) */
+#define MAX_BLOCKTIME 59.743 /* never wait longer than this time (to detect time jumps) */
+/*#define CLEANUP_INTERVAL (MAX_BLOCKTIME * 5.) /* how often to try to free memory and re-check fds, TODO */
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 4
+# define expect(expr,value)         __builtin_expect ((expr),(value))
+# define noinline                   __attribute__ ((noinline))
+#else
+# define expect(expr,value)         (expr)
+# define noinline
+# if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L
+#  define inline
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#define expect_false(expr) expect ((expr) != 0, 0)
+#define expect_true(expr)  expect ((expr) != 0, 1)
+#define inline_size        static inline
+
+#if EV_MINIMAL
+# define inline_speed      static noinline
+#else
+# define inline_speed      static inline
+#endif
+
+#define NUMPRI    (EV_MAXPRI - EV_MINPRI + 1)
+#define ABSPRI(w) (((W)w)->priority - EV_MINPRI)
+
+#define EMPTY       /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
+#define EMPTY2(a,b) /* used to suppress some warnings */
+
+typedef ev_watcher *W;
+typedef ev_watcher_list *WL;
+typedef ev_watcher_time *WT;
+
+/* sig_atomic_t is used to avoid per-thread variables or locking but still */
+/* giving it a reasonably high chance of working on typical architetcures */
+static sig_atomic_t have_monotonic; /* did clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) work? */
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# include "ev_win32.c"
+#endif
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void (*syserr_cb)(const char *msg);
+
+void
+ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg))
+{
+  syserr_cb = cb;
+}
+
+static void noinline
+syserr (const char *msg)
+{
+  if (!msg)
+    msg = "(libev) system error";
+
+  if (syserr_cb)
+    syserr_cb (msg);
+  else
+    {
+      perror (msg);
+      abort ();
+    }
+}
+
+static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, long size);
+
+void
+ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))
+{
+  alloc = cb;
+}
+
+inline_speed void *
+ev_realloc (void *ptr, long size)
+{
+  ptr = alloc ? alloc (ptr, size) : realloc (ptr, size);
+
+  if (!ptr && size)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "libev: cannot allocate %ld bytes, aborting.", size);
+      abort ();
+    }
+
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#define ev_malloc(size) ev_realloc (0, (size))
+#define ev_free(ptr)    ev_realloc ((ptr), 0)
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  WL head;
+  unsigned char events;
+  unsigned char reify;
+#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
+  SOCKET handle;
+#endif
+} ANFD;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  W w;
+  int events;
+} ANPENDING;
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+typedef struct
+{
+  WL head;
+} ANFS;
+#endif
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+
+  struct ev_loop
+  {
+    ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;
+    #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)
+    #define VAR(name,decl) decl;
+      #include "ev_vars.h"
+    #undef VAR
+  };
+  #include "ev_wrap.h"
+
+  static struct ev_loop default_loop_struct;
+  struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop_ptr;
+
+#else
+
+  ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;
+  #define VAR(name,decl) static decl;
+    #include "ev_vars.h"
+  #undef VAR
+
+  static int ev_default_loop_ptr;
+
+#endif
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+ev_tstamp
+ev_time (void)
+{
+#if EV_USE_REALTIME
+  struct timespec ts;
+  clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+  return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
+#else
+  struct timeval tv;
+  gettimeofday (&tv, 0);
+  return tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
+#endif
+}
+
+ev_tstamp inline_size
+get_clock (void)
+{
+#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+  if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
+    {
+      struct timespec ts;
+      clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+      return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  return ev_time ();
+}
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+ev_tstamp
+ev_now (EV_P)
+{
+  return ev_rt_now;
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+ev_sleep (ev_tstamp delay)
+{
+  if (delay > 0.)
+    {
+#if EV_USE_NANOSLEEP
+      struct timespec ts;
+
+      ts.tv_sec  = (time_t)delay;
+      ts.tv_nsec = (long)((delay - (ev_tstamp)(ts.tv_sec)) * 1e9);
+
+      nanosleep (&ts, 0);
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+      Sleep (delay * 1e3);
+#else
+      struct timeval tv;
+
+      tv.tv_sec  = (time_t)delay;
+      tv.tv_usec = (long)((delay - (ev_tstamp)(tv.tv_sec)) * 1e6);
+
+      select (0, 0, 0, 0, &tv);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+int inline_size
+array_nextsize (int elem, int cur, int cnt)
+{
+  int ncur = cur + 1;
+
+  do
+    ncur <<= 1;
+  while (cnt > ncur);
+
+  /* if size > 4096, round to 4096 - 4 * longs to accomodate malloc overhead */
+  if (elem * ncur > 4096)
+    {
+      ncur *= elem;
+      ncur = (ncur + elem + 4095 + sizeof (void *) * 4) & ~4095;
+      ncur = ncur - sizeof (void *) * 4;
+      ncur /= elem;
+    }
+
+  return ncur;
+}
+
+static noinline void *
+array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
+{
+  *cur = array_nextsize (elem, *cur, cnt);
+  return ev_realloc (base, elem * *cur);
+}
+
+#define array_needsize(type,base,cur,cnt,init)			\
+  if (expect_false ((cnt) > (cur)))				\
+    {								\
+      int ocur_ = (cur);					\
+      (base) = (type *)array_realloc				\
+         (sizeof (type), (base), &(cur), (cnt));		\
+      init ((base) + (ocur_), (cur) - ocur_);			\
+    }
+
+#if 0
+#define array_slim(type,stem)					\
+  if (stem ## max < array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 2))		\
+    {								\
+      stem ## max = array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 1);		\
+      base = (type *)ev_realloc (base, sizeof (type) * (stem ## max));\
+      fprintf (stderr, "slimmed down " # stem " to %d\n", stem ## max);/*D*/\
+    }
+#endif
+
+#define array_free(stem, idx) \
+  ev_free (stem ## s idx); stem ## cnt idx = stem ## max idx = 0;
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void noinline
+ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
+{
+  W w_ = (W)w;
+  int pri = ABSPRI (w_);
+
+  if (expect_false (w_->pending))
+    pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events |= revents;
+  else
+    {
+      w_->pending = ++pendingcnt [pri];
+      array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, EMPTY2);
+      pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].w      = w_;
+      pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events = revents;
+    }
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+queue_events (EV_P_ W *events, int eventcnt, int type)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < eventcnt; ++i)
+    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ events [i], type);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void inline_size
+anfds_init (ANFD *base, int count)
+{
+  while (count--)
+    {
+      base->head   = 0;
+      base->events = EV_NONE;
+      base->reify  = 0;
+
+      ++base;
+    }
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
+{
+  ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
+  ev_io *w;
+
+  for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
+    {
+      int ev = w->events & revents;
+
+      if (ev)
+        ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, ev);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ev_feed_fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
+{
+  if (fd >= 0 && fd < anfdmax)
+    fd_event (EV_A_ fd, revents);
+}
+
+void inline_size
+fd_reify (EV_P)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fdchangecnt; ++i)
+    {
+      int fd = fdchanges [i];
+      ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
+      ev_io *w;
+
+      unsigned char events = 0;
+
+      for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
+        events |= (unsigned char)w->events;
+
+#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
+      if (events)
+        {
+          unsigned long argp;
+          anfd->handle = _get_osfhandle (fd);
+          assert (("libev only supports socket fds in this configuration", ioctlsocket (anfd->handle, FIONREAD, &argp) == 0));
+        }
+#endif
+
+      {
+        unsigned char o_events = anfd->events;
+        unsigned char o_reify  = anfd->reify;
+
+        anfd->reify  = 0;
+        anfd->events = events;
+
+        if (o_events != events || o_reify & EV_IOFDSET)
+          backend_modify (EV_A_ fd, o_events, events);
+      }
+    }
+
+  fdchangecnt = 0;
+}
+
+void inline_size
+fd_change (EV_P_ int fd, int flags)
+{
+  unsigned char reify = anfds [fd].reify;
+  anfds [fd].reify |= flags;
+
+  if (expect_true (!reify))
+    {
+      ++fdchangecnt;
+      array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, EMPTY2);
+      fdchanges [fdchangecnt - 1] = fd;
+    }
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+fd_kill (EV_P_ int fd)
+{
+  ev_io *w;
+
+  while ((w = (ev_io *)anfds [fd].head))
+    {
+      ev_io_stop (EV_A_ w);
+      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE);
+    }
+}
+
+int inline_size
+fd_valid (int fd)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return _get_osfhandle (fd) != -1;
+#else
+  return fcntl (fd, F_GETFD) != -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* called on EBADF to verify fds */
+static void noinline
+fd_ebadf (EV_P)
+{
+  int fd;
+
+  for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
+    if (anfds [fd].events)
+      if (!fd_valid (fd) == -1 && errno == EBADF)
+        fd_kill (EV_A_ fd);
+}
+
+/* called on ENOMEM in select/poll to kill some fds and retry */
+static void noinline
+fd_enomem (EV_P)
+{
+  int fd;
+
+  for (fd = anfdmax; fd--; )
+    if (anfds [fd].events)
+      {
+        fd_kill (EV_A_ fd);
+        return;
+      }
+}
+
+/* usually called after fork if backend needs to re-arm all fds from scratch */
+static void noinline
+fd_rearm_all (EV_P)
+{
+  int fd;
+
+  for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
+    if (anfds [fd].events)
+      {
+        anfds [fd].events = 0;
+        fd_change (EV_A_ fd, EV_IOFDSET | 1);
+      }
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void inline_speed
+upheap (WT *heap, int k)
+{
+  WT w = heap [k];
+
+  while (k)
+    {
+      int p = (k - 1) >> 1;
+
+      if (heap [p]->at <= w->at)
+        break;
+
+      heap [k] = heap [p];
+      ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
+      k = p;
+    }
+
+  heap [k] = w;
+  ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+downheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
+{
+  WT w = heap [k];
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      int c = (k << 1) + 1;
+
+      if (c >= N)
+        break;
+
+      c += c + 1 < N && heap [c]->at > heap [c + 1]->at
+           ? 1 : 0;
+
+      if (w->at <= heap [c]->at)
+        break;
+
+      heap [k] = heap [c];
+      ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
+
+      k = c;
+    }
+
+  heap [k] = w;
+  ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
+}
+
+void inline_size
+adjustheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
+{
+  upheap (heap, k);
+  downheap (heap, N, k);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  WL head;
+  sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
+} ANSIG;
+
+static ANSIG *signals;
+static int signalmax;
+
+static int sigpipe [2];
+static sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
+static ev_io sigev;
+
+void inline_size
+signals_init (ANSIG *base, int count)
+{
+  while (count--)
+    {
+      base->head   = 0;
+      base->gotsig = 0;
+
+      ++base;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+sighandler (int signum)
+{
+#if _WIN32
+  signal (signum, sighandler);
+#endif
+
+  signals [signum - 1].gotsig = 1;
+
+  if (!gotsig)
+    {
+      int old_errno = errno;
+      gotsig = 1;
+      write (sigpipe [1], &signum, 1);
+      errno = old_errno;
+    }
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_feed_signal_event (EV_P_ int signum)
+{
+  WL w;
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  assert (("feeding signal events is only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
+#endif
+
+  --signum;
+
+  if (signum < 0 || signum >= signalmax)
+    return;
+
+  signals [signum].gotsig = 0;
+
+  for (w = signals [signum].head; w; w = w->next)
+    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_SIGNAL);
+}
+
+static void
+sigcb (EV_P_ ev_io *iow, int revents)
+{
+  int signum;
+
+  read (sigpipe [0], &revents, 1);
+  gotsig = 0;
+
+  for (signum = signalmax; signum--; )
+    if (signals [signum].gotsig)
+      ev_feed_signal_event (EV_A_ signum + 1);
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+fd_intern (int fd)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  int arg = 1;
+  ioctlsocket (_get_osfhandle (fd), FIONBIO, &arg);
+#else
+  fcntl (fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void noinline
+siginit (EV_P)
+{
+  fd_intern (sigpipe [0]);
+  fd_intern (sigpipe [1]);
+
+  ev_io_set (&sigev, sigpipe [0], EV_READ);
+  ev_io_start (EV_A_ &sigev);
+  ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static WL childs [EV_PID_HASHSIZE];
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+
+static ev_signal childev;
+
+void inline_speed
+child_reap (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int chain, int pid, int status)
+{
+  ev_child *w;
+
+  for (w = (ev_child *)childs [chain & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)]; w; w = (ev_child *)((WL)w)->next)
+    if (w->pid == pid || !w->pid)
+      {
+        ev_set_priority (w, ev_priority (sw)); /* need to do it *now* */
+        w->rpid    = pid;
+        w->rstatus = status;
+        ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_CHILD);
+      }
+}
+
+#ifndef WCONTINUED
+# define WCONTINUED 0
+#endif
+
+static void
+childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
+{
+  int pid, status;
+
+  /* some systems define WCONTINUED but then fail to support it (linux 2.4) */
+  if (0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED)))
+    if (!WCONTINUED
+        || errno != EINVAL
+        || 0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED)))
+      return;
+
+  /* make sure we are called again until all childs have been reaped */
+  /* we need to do it this way so that the callback gets called before we continue */
+  ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)sw, EV_SIGNAL);
+
+  child_reap (EV_A_ sw, pid, pid, status);
+  if (EV_PID_HASHSIZE > 1)
+    child_reap (EV_A_ sw, 0, pid, status); /* this might trigger a watcher twice, but feed_event catches that */
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+#if EV_USE_PORT
+# include "ev_port.c"
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
+# include "ev_kqueue.c"
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_EPOLL
+# include "ev_epoll.c"
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_POLL
+# include "ev_poll.c"
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_SELECT
+# include "ev_select.c"
+#endif
+
+int
+ev_version_major (void)
+{
+  return EV_VERSION_MAJOR;
+}
+
+int
+ev_version_minor (void)
+{
+  return EV_VERSION_MINOR;
+}
+
+/* return true if we are running with elevated privileges and should ignore env variables */
+int inline_size
+enable_secure (void)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return 0;
+#else
+  return getuid () != geteuid ()
+      || getgid () != getegid ();
+#endif
+}
+
+unsigned int
+ev_supported_backends (void)
+{
+  unsigned int flags = 0;
+
+  if (EV_USE_PORT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
+  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
+  if (EV_USE_EPOLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
+  if (EV_USE_POLL  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
+  if (EV_USE_SELECT) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
+  
+  return flags;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+ev_recommended_backends (void)
+{
+  unsigned int flags = ev_supported_backends ();
+
+#ifndef __NetBSD__
+  /* kqueue is borked on everything but netbsd apparently */
+  /* it usually doesn't work correctly on anything but sockets and pipes */
+  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
+#endif
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  // flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE; for documentation
+  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;
+#endif
+
+  return flags;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+ev_embeddable_backends (void)
+{
+  int flags = EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVBACKEND_KQUEUE | EVBACKEND_PORT;
+
+  /* epoll embeddability broken on all linux versions up to at least 2.6.23 */
+  /* please fix it and tell me how to detect the fix */
+  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
+
+  return flags;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+ev_backend (EV_P)
+{
+  return backend;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+ev_loop_count (EV_P)
+{
+  return loop_count;
+}
+
+void
+ev_set_io_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval)
+{
+  io_blocktime = interval;
+}
+
+void
+ev_set_timeout_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval)
+{
+  timeout_blocktime = interval;
+}
+
+static void noinline
+loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags)
+{
+  if (!backend)
+    {
+#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+      {
+        struct timespec ts;
+        if (!clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
+          have_monotonic = 1;
+      }
+#endif
+
+      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
+      mn_now    = get_clock ();
+      now_floor = mn_now;
+      rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;
+
+      io_blocktime      = 0.;
+      timeout_blocktime = 0.;
+
+      /* pid check not overridable via env */
+#ifndef _WIN32
+      if (flags & EVFLAG_FORKCHECK)
+        curpid = getpid ();
+#endif
+
+      if (!(flags & EVFLAG_NOENV)
+          && !enable_secure ()
+          && getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"))
+        flags = atoi (getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"));
+
+      if (!(flags & 0x0000ffffUL))
+        flags |= ev_recommended_backends ();
+
+      backend = 0;
+      backend_fd = -1;
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+      fs_fd = -2;
+#endif
+
+#if EV_USE_PORT
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT  )) backend = port_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) backend = kqueue_init (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_EPOLL
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL )) backend = epoll_init  (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_POLL
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL  )) backend = poll_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_SELECT
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT)) backend = select_init (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+
+      ev_init (&sigev, sigcb);
+      ev_set_priority (&sigev, EV_MAXPRI);
+    }
+}
+
+static void noinline
+loop_destroy (EV_P)
+{
+  int i;
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+  if (fs_fd >= 0)
+    close (fs_fd);
+#endif
+
+  if (backend_fd >= 0)
+    close (backend_fd);
+
+#if EV_USE_PORT
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_destroy   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_destroy (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_EPOLL
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_destroy  (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_POLL
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL  ) poll_destroy   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_SELECT
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT) select_destroy (EV_A);
+#endif
+
+  for (i = NUMPRI; i--; )
+    {
+      array_free (pending, [i]);
+#if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
+      array_free (idle, [i]);
+#endif
+    }
+
+  ev_free (anfds); anfdmax = 0;
+
+  /* have to use the microsoft-never-gets-it-right macro */
+  array_free (fdchange, EMPTY);
+  array_free (timer, EMPTY);
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+  array_free (periodic, EMPTY);
+#endif
+#if EV_FORK_ENABLE
+  array_free (fork, EMPTY);
+#endif
+  array_free (prepare, EMPTY);
+  array_free (check, EMPTY);
+
+  backend = 0;
+}
+
+void inline_size infy_fork (EV_P);
+
+void inline_size
+loop_fork (EV_P)
+{
+#if EV_USE_PORT
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_fork   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_fork (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_EPOLL
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_fork  (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+  infy_fork (EV_A);
+#endif
+
+  if (ev_is_active (&sigev))
+    {
+      /* default loop */
+
+      ev_ref (EV_A);
+      ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);
+      close (sigpipe [0]);
+      close (sigpipe [1]);
+
+      while (pipe (sigpipe))
+        syserr ("(libev) error creating pipe");
+
+      siginit (EV_A);
+    }
+
+  postfork = 0;
+}
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+struct ev_loop *
+ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
+{
+  struct ev_loop *loop = (struct ev_loop *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_loop));
+
+  memset (loop, 0, sizeof (struct ev_loop));
+
+  loop_init (EV_A_ flags);
+
+  if (ev_backend (EV_A))
+    return loop;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void
+ev_loop_destroy (EV_P)
+{
+  loop_destroy (EV_A);
+  ev_free (loop);
+}
+
+void
+ev_loop_fork (EV_P)
+{
+  postfork = 1;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+struct ev_loop *
+ev_default_loop_init (unsigned int flags)
+#else
+int
+ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)
+#endif
+{
+  if (sigpipe [0] == sigpipe [1])
+    if (pipe (sigpipe))
+      return 0;
+
+  if (!ev_default_loop_ptr)
+    {
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+      struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr = &default_loop_struct;
+#else
+      ev_default_loop_ptr = 1;
+#endif
+
+      loop_init (EV_A_ flags);
+
+      if (ev_backend (EV_A))
+        {
+          siginit (EV_A);
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+          ev_signal_init (&childev, childcb, SIGCHLD);
+          ev_set_priority (&childev, EV_MAXPRI);
+          ev_signal_start (EV_A_ &childev);
+          ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
+#endif
+        }
+      else
+        ev_default_loop_ptr = 0;
+    }
+
+  return ev_default_loop_ptr;
+}
+
+void
+ev_default_destroy (void)
+{
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  ev_ref (EV_A); /* child watcher */
+  ev_signal_stop (EV_A_ &childev);
+#endif
+
+  ev_ref (EV_A); /* signal watcher */
+  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);
+
+  close (sigpipe [0]); sigpipe [0] = 0;
+  close (sigpipe [1]); sigpipe [1] = 0;
+
+  loop_destroy (EV_A);
+}
+
+void
+ev_default_fork (void)
+{
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
+#endif
+
+  if (backend)
+    postfork = 1;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void
+ev_invoke (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
+{
+  EV_CB_INVOKE ((W)w, revents);
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+call_pending (EV_P)
+{
+  int pri;
+
+  for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
+    while (pendingcnt [pri])
+      {
+        ANPENDING *p = pendings [pri] + --pendingcnt [pri];
+
+        if (expect_true (p->w))
+          {
+            /*assert (("non-pending watcher on pending list", p->w->pending));*/
+
+            p->w->pending = 0;
+            EV_CB_INVOKE (p->w, p->events);
+          }
+      }
+}
+
+void inline_size
+timers_reify (EV_P)
+{
+  while (timercnt && ((WT)timers [0])->at <= mn_now)
+    {
+      ev_timer *w = (ev_timer *)timers [0];
+
+      /*assert (("inactive timer on timer heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/
+
+      /* first reschedule or stop timer */
+      if (w->repeat)
+        {
+          assert (("negative ev_timer repeat value found while processing timers", w->repeat > 0.));
+
+          ((WT)w)->at += w->repeat;
+          if (((WT)w)->at < mn_now)
+            ((WT)w)->at = mn_now;
+
+          downheap (timers, timercnt, 0);
+        }
+      else
+        ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */
+
+      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+}
+
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+void inline_size
+periodics_reify (EV_P)
+{
+  while (periodiccnt && ((WT)periodics [0])->at <= ev_rt_now)
+    {
+      ev_periodic *w = (ev_periodic *)periodics [0];
+
+      /*assert (("inactive timer on periodic heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/
+
+      /* first reschedule or stop timer */
+      if (w->reschedule_cb)
+        {
+          ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now + TIME_EPSILON);
+          assert (("ev_periodic reschedule callback returned time in the past", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
+          downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
+        }
+      else if (w->interval)
+        {
+          ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
+          if (((WT)w)->at - ev_rt_now <= TIME_EPSILON) ((WT)w)->at += w->interval;
+          assert (("ev_periodic timeout in the past detected while processing timers, negative interval?", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
+          downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
+        }
+      else
+        ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */
+
+      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_PERIODIC);
+    }
+}
+
+static void noinline
+periodics_reschedule (EV_P)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  /* adjust periodics after time jump */
+  for (i = 0; i < periodiccnt; ++i)
+    {
+      ev_periodic *w = (ev_periodic *)periodics [i];
+
+      if (w->reschedule_cb)
+        ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
+      else if (w->interval)
+        ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
+    }
+
+  /* now rebuild the heap */
+  for (i = periodiccnt >> 1; i--; )
+    downheap (periodics, periodiccnt, i);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
+void inline_size
+idle_reify (EV_P)
+{
+  if (expect_false (idleall))
+    {
+      int pri;
+
+      for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
+        {
+          if (pendingcnt [pri])
+            break;
+
+          if (idlecnt [pri])
+            {
+              queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)idles [pri], idlecnt [pri], EV_IDLE);
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+void inline_speed
+time_update (EV_P_ ev_tstamp max_block)
+{
+  int i;
+
+#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
+  if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
+    {
+      ev_tstamp odiff = rtmn_diff;
+
+      mn_now = get_clock ();
+
+      /* only fetch the realtime clock every 0.5*MIN_TIMEJUMP seconds */
+      /* interpolate in the meantime */
+      if (expect_true (mn_now - now_floor < MIN_TIMEJUMP * .5))
+        {
+          ev_rt_now = rtmn_diff + mn_now;
+          return;
+        }
+
+      now_floor = mn_now;
+      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
+
+      /* loop a few times, before making important decisions.
+       * on the choice of "4": one iteration isn't enough,
+       * in case we get preempted during the calls to
+       * ev_time and get_clock. a second call is almost guaranteed
+       * to succeed in that case, though. and looping a few more times
+       * doesn't hurt either as we only do this on time-jumps or
+       * in the unlikely event of having been preempted here.
+       */
+      for (i = 4; --i; )
+        {
+          rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;
+
+          if (fabs (odiff - rtmn_diff) < MIN_TIMEJUMP)
+            return; /* all is well */
+
+          ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
+          mn_now    = get_clock ();
+          now_floor = mn_now;
+        }
+
+# if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+      periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
+# endif
+      /* no timer adjustment, as the monotonic clock doesn't jump */
+      /* timers_reschedule (EV_A_ rtmn_diff - odiff) */
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
+
+      if (expect_false (mn_now > ev_rt_now || ev_rt_now > mn_now + max_block + MIN_TIMEJUMP))
+        {
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+          periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
+#endif
+          /* adjust timers. this is easy, as the offset is the same for all of them */
+          for (i = 0; i < timercnt; ++i)
+            ((WT)timers [i])->at += ev_rt_now - mn_now;
+        }
+
+      mn_now = ev_rt_now;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ev_ref (EV_P)
+{
+  ++activecnt;
+}
+
+void
+ev_unref (EV_P)
+{
+  --activecnt;
+}
+
+static int loop_done;
+
+void
+ev_loop (EV_P_ int flags)
+{
+  loop_done = flags & (EVLOOP_ONESHOT | EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)
+            ? EVUNLOOP_ONE
+            : EVUNLOOP_CANCEL;
+
+  call_pending (EV_A); /* in case we recurse, ensure ordering stays nice and clean */
+
+  do
+    {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+      if (expect_false (curpid)) /* penalise the forking check even more */
+        if (expect_false (getpid () != curpid))
+          {
+            curpid = getpid ();
+            postfork = 1;
+          }
+#endif
+
+#if EV_FORK_ENABLE
+      /* we might have forked, so queue fork handlers */
+      if (expect_false (postfork))
+        if (forkcnt)
+          {
+            queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)forks, forkcnt, EV_FORK);
+            call_pending (EV_A);
+          }
+#endif
+
+      /* queue prepare watchers (and execute them) */
+      if (expect_false (preparecnt))
+        {
+          queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)prepares, preparecnt, EV_PREPARE);
+          call_pending (EV_A);
+        }
+
+      if (expect_false (!activecnt))
+        break;
+
+      /* we might have forked, so reify kernel state if necessary */
+      if (expect_false (postfork))
+        loop_fork (EV_A);
+
+      /* update fd-related kernel structures */
+      fd_reify (EV_A);
+
+      /* calculate blocking time */
+      {
+        ev_tstamp waittime  = 0.;
+        ev_tstamp sleeptime = 0.;
+
+        if (expect_true (!(flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK || idleall || !activecnt)))
+          {
+            /* update time to cancel out callback processing overhead */
+            time_update (EV_A_ 1e100);
+
+            waittime = MAX_BLOCKTIME;
+
+            if (timercnt)
+              {
+                ev_tstamp to = ((WT)timers [0])->at - mn_now + backend_fudge;
+                if (waittime > to) waittime = to;
+              }
+
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+            if (periodiccnt)
+              {
+                ev_tstamp to = ((WT)periodics [0])->at - ev_rt_now + backend_fudge;
+                if (waittime > to) waittime = to;
+              }
+#endif
+
+            if (expect_false (waittime < timeout_blocktime))
+              waittime = timeout_blocktime;
+
+            sleeptime = waittime - backend_fudge;
+
+            if (expect_true (sleeptime > io_blocktime))
+              sleeptime = io_blocktime;
+
+            if (sleeptime)
+              {
+                ev_sleep (sleeptime);
+                waittime -= sleeptime;
+              }
+          }
+
+        ++loop_count;
+        backend_poll (EV_A_ waittime);
+
+        /* update ev_rt_now, do magic */
+        time_update (EV_A_ waittime + sleeptime);
+      }
+
+      /* queue pending timers and reschedule them */
+      timers_reify (EV_A); /* relative timers called last */
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+      periodics_reify (EV_A); /* absolute timers called first */
+#endif
+
+#if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
+      /* queue idle watchers unless other events are pending */
+      idle_reify (EV_A);
+#endif
+
+      /* queue check watchers, to be executed first */
+      if (expect_false (checkcnt))
+        queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)checks, checkcnt, EV_CHECK);
+
+      call_pending (EV_A);
+
+    }
+  while (expect_true (activecnt && !loop_done));
+
+  if (loop_done == EVUNLOOP_ONE)
+    loop_done = EVUNLOOP_CANCEL;
+}
+
+void
+ev_unloop (EV_P_ int how)
+{
+  loop_done = how;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void inline_size
+wlist_add (WL *head, WL elem)
+{
+  elem->next = *head;
+  *head = elem;
+}
+
+void inline_size
+wlist_del (WL *head, WL elem)
+{
+  while (*head)
+    {
+      if (*head == elem)
+        {
+          *head = elem->next;
+          return;
+        }
+
+      head = &(*head)->next;
+    }
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+clear_pending (EV_P_ W w)
+{
+  if (w->pending)
+    {
+      pendings [ABSPRI (w)][w->pending - 1].w = 0;
+      w->pending = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+int
+ev_clear_pending (EV_P_ void *w)
+{
+  W w_ = (W)w;
+  int pending = w_->pending;
+
+  if (expect_true (pending))
+    {
+      ANPENDING *p = pendings [ABSPRI (w_)] + pending - 1;
+      w_->pending = 0;
+      p->w = 0;
+      return p->events;
+    }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void inline_size
+pri_adjust (EV_P_ W w)
+{
+  int pri = w->priority;
+  pri = pri < EV_MINPRI ? EV_MINPRI : pri;
+  pri = pri > EV_MAXPRI ? EV_MAXPRI : pri;
+  w->priority = pri;
+}
+
+void inline_speed
+ev_start (EV_P_ W w, int active)
+{
+  pri_adjust (EV_A_ w);
+  w->active = active;
+  ev_ref (EV_A);
+}
+
+void inline_size
+ev_stop (EV_P_ W w)
+{
+  ev_unref (EV_A);
+  w->active = 0;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+void noinline
+ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
+{
+  int fd = w->fd;
+
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  assert (("ev_io_start called with negative fd", fd >= 0));
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
+  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, anfds_init);
+  wlist_add (&anfds[fd].head, (WL)w);
+
+  fd_change (EV_A_ fd, w->events & EV_IOFDSET | 1);
+  w->events &= ~EV_IOFDSET;
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  assert (("ev_io_start called with illegal fd (must stay constant after start!)", w->fd >= 0 && w->fd < anfdmax));
+
+  wlist_del (&anfds[w->fd].head, (WL)w);
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+
+  fd_change (EV_A_ w->fd, 1);
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ((WT)w)->at += mn_now;
+
+  assert (("ev_timer_start called with negative timer repeat value", w->repeat >= 0.));
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++timercnt);
+  array_needsize (WT, timers, timermax, timercnt, EMPTY2);
+  timers [timercnt - 1] = (WT)w;
+  upheap (timers, timercnt - 1);
+
+  /*assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == (WT)w));
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+
+    if (expect_true (--active < --timercnt))
+      {
+        timers [active] = timers [timercnt];
+        adjustheap (timers, timercnt, active);
+      }
+  }
+
+  ((WT)w)->at -= mn_now;
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
+{
+  if (ev_is_active (w))
+    {
+      if (w->repeat)
+        {
+          ((WT)w)->at = mn_now + w->repeat;
+          adjustheap (timers, timercnt, ((W)w)->active - 1);
+        }
+      else
+        ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w);
+    }
+  else if (w->repeat)
+    {
+      w->at = w->repeat;
+      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ w);
+    }
+}
+
+#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
+void noinline
+ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  if (w->reschedule_cb)
+    ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
+  else if (w->interval)
+    {
+      assert (("ev_periodic_start called with negative interval value", w->interval >= 0.));
+      /* this formula differs from the one in periodic_reify because we do not always round up */
+      ((WT)w)->at = w->offset + ceil ((ev_rt_now - w->offset) / w->interval) * w->interval;
+    }
+  else
+    ((WT)w)->at = w->offset;
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++periodiccnt);
+  array_needsize (WT, periodics, periodicmax, periodiccnt, EMPTY2);
+  periodics [periodiccnt - 1] = (WT)w;
+  upheap (periodics, periodiccnt - 1);
+
+  /*assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == (WT)w));
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+
+    if (expect_true (--active < --periodiccnt))
+      {
+        periodics [active] = periodics [periodiccnt];
+        adjustheap (periodics, periodiccnt, active);
+      }
+  }
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
+{
+  /* TODO: use adjustheap and recalculation */
+  ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w);
+  ev_periodic_start (EV_A_ w);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SA_RESTART
+# define SA_RESTART 0
+#endif
+
+void noinline
+ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
+{
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  assert (("signal watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
+#endif
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  assert (("ev_signal_start called with illegal signal number", w->signum > 0));
+
+  {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    sigset_t full, prev;
+    sigfillset (&full);
+    sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &full, &prev);
+#endif
+
+    array_needsize (ANSIG, signals, signalmax, w->signum, signals_init);
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &prev, 0);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
+  wlist_add (&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);
+
+  if (!((WL)w)->next)
+    {
+#if _WIN32
+      signal (w->signum, sighandler);
+#else
+      struct sigaction sa;
+      sa.sa_handler = sighandler;
+      sigfillset (&sa.sa_mask);
+      sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* if restarting works we save one iteration */
+      sigaction (w->signum, &sa, 0);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+void noinline
+ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  wlist_del (&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+
+  if (!signals [w->signum - 1].head)
+    signal (w->signum, SIG_DFL);
+}
+
+void
+ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
+{
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  assert (("child watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
+#endif
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
+  wlist_add (&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
+}
+
+void
+ev_child_stop (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  wlist_del (&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+
+#if EV_STAT_ENABLE
+
+# ifdef _WIN32
+#  undef lstat
+#  define lstat(a,b) _stati64 (a,b)
+# endif
+
+#define DEF_STAT_INTERVAL 5.0074891
+#define MIN_STAT_INTERVAL 0.1074891
+
+static void noinline stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents);
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+# define EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE 8192
+
+static void noinline
+infy_add (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
+{
+  w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, w->path, IN_ATTRIB | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF | IN_MODIFY | IN_DONT_FOLLOW | IN_MASK_ADD);
+
+  if (w->wd < 0)
+    {
+      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* this is not race-free, so we still need to recheck periodically */
+
+      /* monitor some parent directory for speedup hints */
+      if ((errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES) && strlen (w->path) < 4096)
+        {
+          char path [4096];
+          strcpy (path, w->path);
+
+          do
+            {
+              int mask = IN_MASK_ADD | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF
+                       | (errno == EACCES ? IN_ATTRIB : IN_CREATE | IN_MOVED_TO);
+
+              char *pend = strrchr (path, '/');
+
+              if (!pend)
+                break; /* whoops, no '/', complain to your admin */
+
+              *pend = 0;
+              w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, path, mask);
+            } 
+          while (w->wd < 0 && (errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES));
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* we can watch this in a race-free way */
+
+  if (w->wd >= 0)
+    wlist_add (&fs_hash [w->wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head, (WL)w);
+}
+
+static void noinline
+infy_del (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
+{
+  int slot;
+  int wd = w->wd;
+
+  if (wd < 0)
+    return;
+
+  w->wd = -2;
+  slot = wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1);
+  wlist_del (&fs_hash [slot].head, (WL)w);
+
+  /* remove this watcher, if others are watching it, they will rearm */
+  inotify_rm_watch (fs_fd, wd);
+}
+
+static void noinline
+infy_wd (EV_P_ int slot, int wd, struct inotify_event *ev)
+{
+  if (slot < 0)
+    /* overflow, need to check for all hahs slots */
+    for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
+      infy_wd (EV_A_ slot, wd, ev);
+  else
+    {
+      WL w_;
+
+      for (w_ = fs_hash [slot & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head; w_; )
+        {
+          ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
+          w_ = w_->next; /* lets us remove this watcher and all before it */
+
+          if (w->wd == wd || wd == -1)
+            {
+              if (ev->mask & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_DELETE_SELF))
+                {
+                  w->wd = -1;
+                  infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
+                }
+
+              stat_timer_cb (EV_A_ &w->timer, 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+infy_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
+{
+  char buf [EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE];
+  struct inotify_event *ev = (struct inotify_event *)buf;
+  int ofs;
+  int len = read (fs_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
+
+  for (ofs = 0; ofs < len; ofs += sizeof (struct inotify_event) + ev->len)
+    infy_wd (EV_A_ ev->wd, ev->wd, ev);
+}
+
+void inline_size
+infy_init (EV_P)
+{
+  if (fs_fd != -2)
+    return;
+
+  fs_fd = inotify_init ();
+
+  if (fs_fd >= 0)
+    {
+      ev_io_init (&fs_w, infy_cb, fs_fd, EV_READ);
+      ev_set_priority (&fs_w, EV_MAXPRI);
+      ev_io_start (EV_A_ &fs_w);
+    }
+}
+
+void inline_size
+infy_fork (EV_P)
+{
+  int slot;
+
+  if (fs_fd < 0)
+    return;
+
+  close (fs_fd);
+  fs_fd = inotify_init ();
+
+  for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
+    {
+      WL w_ = fs_hash [slot].head;
+      fs_hash [slot].head = 0;
+
+      while (w_)
+        {
+          ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
+          w_ = w_->next; /* lets us add this watcher */
+
+          w->wd = -1;
+
+          if (fs_fd >= 0)
+            infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
+          else
+            ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void
+ev_stat_stat (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
+{
+  if (lstat (w->path, &w->attr) < 0)
+    w->attr.st_nlink = 0;
+  else if (!w->attr.st_nlink)
+    w->attr.st_nlink = 1;
+}
+
+static void noinline
+stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents)
+{
+  ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)(((char *)w_) - offsetof (ev_stat, timer));
+
+  /* we copy this here each the time so that */
+  /* prev has the old value when the callback gets invoked */
+  w->prev = w->attr;
+  ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);
+
+  /* memcmp doesn't work on netbsd, they.... do stuff to their struct stat */
+  if (
+    w->prev.st_dev      != w->attr.st_dev
+    || w->prev.st_ino   != w->attr.st_ino
+    || w->prev.st_mode  != w->attr.st_mode
+    || w->prev.st_nlink != w->attr.st_nlink
+    || w->prev.st_uid   != w->attr.st_uid
+    || w->prev.st_gid   != w->attr.st_gid
+    || w->prev.st_rdev  != w->attr.st_rdev
+    || w->prev.st_size  != w->attr.st_size
+    || w->prev.st_atime != w->attr.st_atime
+    || w->prev.st_mtime != w->attr.st_mtime
+    || w->prev.st_ctime != w->attr.st_ctime
+  ) {
+      #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+        infy_del (EV_A_ w);
+        infy_add (EV_A_ w);
+        ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w); /* avoid race... */
+      #endif
+
+      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ w, EV_STAT);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  /* since we use memcmp, we need to clear any padding data etc. */
+  memset (&w->prev, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));
+  memset (&w->attr, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));
+
+  ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);
+
+  if (w->interval < MIN_STAT_INTERVAL)
+    w->interval = w->interval ? MIN_STAT_INTERVAL : DEF_STAT_INTERVAL;
+
+  ev_timer_init (&w->timer, stat_timer_cb, w->interval, w->interval);
+  ev_set_priority (&w->timer, ev_priority (w));
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+  infy_init (EV_A);
+
+  if (fs_fd >= 0)
+    infy_add (EV_A_ w);
+  else
+#endif
+    ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
+}
+
+void
+ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
+  infy_del (EV_A_ w);
+#endif
+  ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer);
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
+void
+ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  pri_adjust (EV_A_ (W)w);
+
+  {
+    int active = ++idlecnt [ABSPRI (w)];
+
+    ++idleall;
+    ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, active);
+
+    array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, EMPTY2);
+    idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = w;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+
+    idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = idles [ABSPRI (w)][--idlecnt [ABSPRI (w)]];
+    ((W)idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1])->active = active;
+
+    ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+    --idleall;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++preparecnt);
+  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, EMPTY2);
+  prepares [preparecnt - 1] = w;
+}
+
+void
+ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+    prepares [active - 1] = prepares [--preparecnt];
+    ((W)prepares [active - 1])->active = active;
+  }
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+
+void
+ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++checkcnt);
+  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  checks [checkcnt - 1] = w;
+}
+
+void
+ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+    checks [active - 1] = checks [--checkcnt];
+    ((W)checks [active - 1])->active = active;
+  }
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+
+#if EV_EMBED_ENABLE
+void noinline
+ev_embed_sweep (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
+{
+  ev_loop (w->other, EVLOOP_NONBLOCK);
+}
+
+static void
+embed_io_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *io, int revents)
+{
+  ev_embed *w = (ev_embed *)(((char *)io) - offsetof (ev_embed, io));
+
+  if (ev_cb (w))
+    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_EMBED);
+  else
+    ev_loop (w->other, EVLOOP_NONBLOCK);
+}
+
+static void
+embed_prepare_cb (EV_P_ ev_prepare *prepare, int revents)
+{
+  ev_embed *w = (ev_embed *)(((char *)prepare) - offsetof (ev_embed, prepare));
+
+  {
+    struct ev_loop *loop = w->other;
+
+    while (fdchangecnt)
+      {
+        fd_reify (EV_A);
+        ev_loop (EV_A_ EVLOOP_NONBLOCK);
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+embed_idle_cb (EV_P_ ev_idle *idle, int revents)
+{
+  ev_idle_stop (EV_A_ idle);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  {
+    struct ev_loop *loop = w->other;
+    assert (("loop to be embedded is not embeddable", backend & ev_embeddable_backends ()));
+    ev_io_init (&w->io, embed_io_cb, backend_fd, EV_READ);
+  }
+
+  ev_set_priority (&w->io, ev_priority (w));
+  ev_io_start (EV_A_ &w->io);
+
+  ev_prepare_init (&w->prepare, embed_prepare_cb);
+  ev_set_priority (&w->prepare, EV_MINPRI);
+  ev_prepare_start (EV_A_ &w->prepare);
+
+  /*ev_idle_init (&w->idle, e,bed_idle_cb);*/
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
+}
+
+void
+ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &w->io);
+  ev_prepare_stop (EV_A_ &w->prepare);
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if EV_FORK_ENABLE
+void
+ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
+{
+  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++forkcnt);
+  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  forks [forkcnt - 1] = w;
+}
+
+void
+ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
+{
+  clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
+  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
+    return;
+
+  {
+    int active = ((W)w)->active;
+    forks [active - 1] = forks [--forkcnt];
+    ((W)forks [active - 1])->active = active;
+  }
+
+  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+struct ev_once
+{
+  ev_io io;
+  ev_timer to;
+  void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg);
+  void *arg;
+};
+
+static void
+once_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_once *once, int revents)
+{
+  void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg) = once->cb;
+  void *arg = once->arg;
+
+  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &once->io);
+  ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &once->to);
+  ev_free (once);
+
+  cb (revents, arg);
+}
+
+static void
+once_cb_io (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
+{
+  once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, io)), revents);
+}
+
+static void
+once_cb_to (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)
+{
+  once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, to)), revents);
+}
+
+void
+ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg), void *arg)
+{
+  struct ev_once *once = (struct ev_once *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_once));
+
+  if (expect_false (!once))
+    {
+      cb (EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE | EV_TIMEOUT, arg);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  once->cb  = cb;
+  once->arg = arg;
+
+  ev_init (&once->io, once_cb_io);
+  if (fd >= 0)
+    {
+      ev_io_set (&once->io, fd, events);
+      ev_io_start (EV_A_ &once->io);
+    }
+
+  ev_init (&once->to, once_cb_to);
+  if (timeout >= 0.)
+    {
+      ev_timer_set (&once->to, timeout, 0.);
+      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &once->to);
+    }
+}
+
+#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
+  #include "ev_wrap.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+