rack-robustness 1.2.0 → 2.0.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,59 @@
+## 2.0.0 / 2026-09-29
+
+The Rack 3 release.
+
+* BREAKING: response header names are now emitted in lowercase, as required
+  by the Rack 3 SPEC ("Header keys must not contain uppercase ASCII
+  characters"). Names given to the DSL are normalized, so `'content-type'`,
+  `'Content-Type'` and `'CONTENT-TYPE'` all name the same header:
+
+      use Rack::Robustness do |g|
+        g.headers 'X-Error' => 'boom'   # emitted as x-error
+      end
+
+  Under Rack 3 this was mostly already the case, since Rack::Response
+  normalizes what it is given. The path that was genuinely non-compliant was
+  the last resort response, returned as a raw triple when error handling
+  itself fails. Header names are case-insensitive on the wire, so the change
+  is invisible to clients; it is only visible to code asserting on the raw
+  Rack triple, or to a middleware reading headers case-sensitively.
+
+* BREAKING: fixed the default headers silently winning over a configured one
+  written in another case. `g.headers('content-type' => 'application/json')`
+  used to be ignored, the `'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'` default taking
+  precedence, because the two keys did not collide and clauses are applied
+  with `||=`. Lowercase being what Rack 3 users naturally write, this was
+  easy to hit and silent. Applications that worked around it by writing
+  `'Content-Type'` are unaffected.
+
+* BREAKING: Ruby >= 3.2 is now required, and the test matrix covers 3.2, 3.3
+  and 3.4. Ruby 2.7 and 3.1 have both reached end of life.
+
+* BREAKING: Rack 3 is now required. Rack 2 reached its last feature release
+  in 2022 and nothing here is worth keeping a compatibility branch for. Stay
+  on the 1.x line if you are still on Rack 2.
+
+* `rack` is now a proper runtime dependency, `>= 3.0, < 4.0`. It was only a
+  development dependency before, even though the middleware has always used
+  `Rack::Request` and `Rack::Response`. `lib/rack/robustness.rb` requires it
+  explicitly rather than assuming the host application already did.
+
+* The version moved to `rack/robustness/version.rb`, so that the gemspec can
+  read it without loading Rack, which would activate a Rack version before
+  Bundler gets to constrain it.
+
+* Fixed `rake` being entirely broken: `tasks/gem.rake` eval'd the gemspec
+  without a filename, so `__FILE__` resolved to `(eval)` and the `$LOAD_PATH`
+  entry it computes pointed nowhere.
+
+* Development dependencies were stale to the point of being wrong (rspec
+  ~> 2.12 while the suite is rspec 3, rake ~> 10, rack ~> 1.5). They now
+  match what is actually used, rack-test included, moving from 0.6 to 2.x.
+
+* The gemspec dropped its Noe boilerplate, along with `Manifest.txt` and the
+  dangling `rack-robustness.noespec` entry it carried. `.travis.yml` is
+  removed too, CI having moved to GitHub Actions.
+
 ## 1.2.0 / 2023-06-09
 
 * Modernize with test matrix on ruby 2.7, 3.1, and 3.2

data/Gemfile

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-source 'http://rubygems.org'
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
 
-group :development do
-  gem "rack", "~> 2"
-  gem "rake", "~> 13"
-  gem "rspec", "~> 3"
-  gem "rack-test", "~> 0.6"
-end
+gemspec

data/README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 Rack::Robustness is the rescue clause of your Rack's call stack. In other words, a middleware that ensures the robustness of your web stack, because exceptions occur either intentionally or unintentionally. Rack::Robustness is the rack middleware you would have written manually (see below) but provides a DSL for scaling from zero configuration (a default shield) to specific rescue clauses for specific errors.
 
-[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/blambeau/rack-robustness.png)](http://travis-ci.org/blambeau/rack-robustness)
-[![Dependency Status](https://gemnasium.com/blambeau/rack-robustness.png)](https://gemnasium.com/blambeau/rack-robustness)
+[![Integration](https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness/actions/workflows/integration.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness/actions/workflows/integration.yml)
 
 ```ruby
 ##
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@ class Robustness
   def call(env)
     @app.call(env)
   rescue ArgumentError => ex
-    [400, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' }, [ ex.message ] ]  # suppose the message can be safely used
+    [400, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ ex.message ] ]  # suppose the message can be safely used
   rescue SecurityError => ex
-    [403, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' }, [ ex.message ] ]
+    [403, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ ex.message ] ]
   ensure
     env['rack.errors'].write(ex.message) if ex
   end
@@ -48,6 +47,15 @@ use Rack::Robustness do |g|
 end
 ```
 
+## Requirements
+
+Ruby >= 3.2 and Rack 3. Use the 1.x line if you are still on Rack 2.
+
+Response header names are always emitted in lowercase, as the Rack 3 SPEC
+requires. You may write them in any case you like -- `'content-type'`,
+`'Content-Type'` and `'CONTENT-TYPE'` all name the same header -- they are
+normalized before reaching the response.
+
 ## Links
 
 * https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness
@@ -178,7 +186,7 @@ end
 #
 # Respond with
 #   status:  500,
-#   headers: {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}
+#   headers: {'content-type' => 'text/plain'}
 #   body:    [ "Sorry, an error occured." ]
 #
 use Rack::Robustness
@@ -194,7 +202,7 @@ use Rack::Robustness
 #
 use Rack::Robustness do |g|
   g.status 400
-  g.headers 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'
+  g.headers 'content-type' => 'text/html'
   g.content_type 'text/html'               # shortcut over headers
   g.body "<p>an error occured</p>"
 end
@@ -212,10 +220,10 @@ use Rack::Robustness do |g|
   g.status{|ex| ArgumentError===ex ? 400 : 500 }
 
   # global dynamic headers
-  g.headers{|ex| {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain', ...} }
+  g.headers{|ex| {'content-type' => 'text/plain', ...} }
 
   # local dynamic and/or static headers
-  g.headers 'Content-Type' => lambda{|ex| ... },
+  g.headers 'content-type' => lambda{|ex| ... },
             'Foo' => 'Bar'
 
   # dynamic content type

data/lib/rack/robustness/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Kept free of any require, so that the gemspec can read the version without
+# loading Rack: doing so would activate a Rack version before Bundler has had
+# a chance to constrain it.
+module Rack
+  class Robustness
+    VERSION = "2.0.0".freeze
+  end
+end

data/lib/rack/robustness.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
+require 'rack'
+require 'rack/robustness/version'
+
 module Rack
   class Robustness
 
-    VERSION = "1.2.0".freeze
+    # Downcases header names, as required by the Rack 3 SPEC: "Header keys
+    # must not contain uppercase ASCII characters (A-Z)".
+    #
+    # Header names are case-insensitive on the wire, so this is applied to
+    # whatever the DSL is given, rather than rejecting capitalized names.
+    def self.normalize_headers(headers)
+      headers.each_with_object({}) do |(name, value), normalized|
+        normalized[name.to_s.downcase] = value
+      end
+    end
 
     def self.new(app, &bl)
       return super(app) if bl.nil? and not(Robustness==self)
@@ -22,7 +34,7 @@ module Rack
         @rescue_clauses   = {}
         @ensure_clauses   = []
         @status_clause    = 500
-        @headers_clause   = {'Content-Type' => "text/plain"}
+        @headers_clause   = {'content-type' => "text/plain"}
         @body_clause      = ["Sorry, a fatal error occured."]
         @response_builder = lambda{|ex| ::Rack::Response.new }
         @catch_all        = true
@@ -67,12 +79,12 @@ module Rack
         if h.nil?
           @headers_clause = bl
         else
-          @headers_clause.merge!(h)
+          @headers_clause.merge!(Robustness.normalize_headers(h))
         end
       end
 
       def content_type(ct=nil, &bl)
-        headers('Content-Type' => ct || bl)
+        headers('content-type' => ct || bl)
       end
 
       def body(b=nil, &bl)
@@ -181,8 +193,12 @@ module Rack
       @response.status = handle_value(ex, status)
     end
 
+    # `headers` may come from a block, and therefore carry names in any case.
+    # They are normalized here so that a name given as 'Content-Type' and one
+    # given as 'content-type' are the same header.
     def handle_headers(ex, headers)
-      handle_value(ex, headers).each_pair do |key,value|
+      normalized = Robustness.normalize_headers(handle_value(ex, headers))
+      normalized.each_pair do |key,value|
         @response[key] ||= handle_value(ex, value)
       end
     end
@@ -203,7 +219,7 @@ module Rack
 
     def last_resort(ex)
       [ 500,
-        {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'},
+        {'content-type' => 'text/plain'},
         [ 'An internal error occured, sorry for the disagreement.' ] ]
     end
 

data/spec/test_header_names.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+# The Rack 3 SPEC requires response header names to be lowercase: "Header keys
+# must not contain uppercase ASCII characters (A-Z)".
+#
+# These examples look at the raw response triple on purpose. Rack::Test, and
+# Rack::Response itself, normalize header names on read, so going through
+# `last_response` would hide both a capitalized name and a duplicated one.
+describe Rack::Robustness, 'header names' do
+
+  def headers_of(app)
+    _, headers, _ = app.to_app.call(Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/"))
+    headers
+  end
+
+  def failing_app(&bl)
+    Rack::Builder.new do
+      use Rack::Robustness, &bl
+      run lambda{|env| raise ArgumentError, "an argument error" }
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'with the default configuration' do
+    it 'emits a lowercase content-type' do
+      expect(headers_of(failing_app).keys).to eq(['content-type'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'on the happy path' do
+    let(:app) {
+      Rack::Builder.new do
+        use Rack::Robustness
+        run lambda{|env| [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, ['happy']] }
+      end
+    }
+
+    it 'emits lowercase names, whatever the application uses' do
+      expect(headers_of(app)).to eq({'content-type' => 'text/plain'})
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when the DSL is given capitalized names' do
+    it 'emits them lowercased, without duplicating content-type' do
+      app = failing_app do |g|
+        g.headers 'Content-Type' => 'text/test', 'X-Foo' => 'Bar'
+      end
+      expect(headers_of(app)).to eq({
+        'content-type' => 'text/test',
+        'x-foo'        => 'Bar'
+      })
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Before 2.0.0 the default headers were keyed 'Content-Type', so configuring
+  # 'content-type' added a *second* entry rather than overriding. Since the
+  # clauses are applied with `||=`, the default won and the configured value
+  # was silently dropped -- and lowercase is precisely what Rack 3 users write.
+  context 'when the DSL overrides a default header in another case' do
+    ['content-type', 'Content-Type', 'CONTENT-TYPE'].each do |name|
+      it "honours the value given as #{name}" do
+        app = failing_app{|g| g.headers name => 'application/json' }
+        expect(headers_of(app)).to eq({'content-type' => 'application/json'})
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when a headers block returns capitalized names' do
+    it 'emits them lowercased' do
+      app = failing_app do |g|
+        g.headers{|ex| { 'Content-Type' => 'text/test', 'X-Foo' => 'Bar' } }
+      end
+      expect(headers_of(app)).to eq({
+        'content-type' => 'text/test',
+        'x-foo'        => 'Bar'
+      })
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when a rescue clause returns capitalized names' do
+    it 'emits them lowercased' do
+      app = failing_app do |g|
+        g.rescue(ArgumentError){|ex| [400, {'X-Foo' => 'Bar'}, ['nope']] }
+      end
+      expect(headers_of(app).keys.sort).to eq(['content-type', 'x-foo'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'in last resort' do
+    it 'emits a lowercase content-type' do
+      app = Rack::Builder.new do
+        use(Rack::Robustness){|g| g.response{|ex| NoSuchResponseClass.new } }
+        run lambda{|env| raise ArgumentError, "an argument error" }
+      end
+      expect(headers_of(app).keys).to eq(['content-type'])
+    end
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/test_last_resort.rb

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ describe Rack::Robustness, 'last resort' do
     }
 
     it 'reraises the internal error' do
-      lambda{
+      expect{
         get '/argument-error'
-      }.should raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
+      }.to raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
     end
 
     it 'passes into the ensure block with the original error' do
-      lambda{
+      expect{
         get '/argument-error'
-      }.should raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
+      }.to raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
       expect($seen_ex).to be_a(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ describe Rack::Robustness, 'last resort' do
     }
 
     it 'reraises the internal error' do
-      lambda{
+      expect{
         get '/argument-error'
-      }.should raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
+      }.to raise_error(NameError, /NoSuchResponseClass/)
     end
   end
 

data/spec/test_robustness.rb

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe Rack::Robustness do
 
     it 'set the specified headers on error' do
       get '/argument-error'
-      last_response.headers['Foo'].should eq('Bar')
+      expect(last_response.headers['Foo']).to eq('Bar')
       expect(last_response.content_type).to eq("text/test")
     end
   end
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ describe Rack::Robustness do
 
     it 'correctly sets the specified headers on an ArgumentError' do
       get '/argument-error'
-      last_response.headers['Foo'].should eq('Bar')
+      expect(last_response.headers['Foo']).to eq('Bar')
       expect(last_response.content_type).to eq("text/arg")
     end
 
     it 'correctly sets the specified headers on a TypeError' do
       get '/type-error'
-      last_response.headers['Foo'].should eq('Bar')
+      expect(last_response.headers['Foo']).to eq('Bar')
       expect(last_response.content_type).to eq("text/other")
     end
   end
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ describe Rack::Robustness do
 
     after do
       # if merges the default headers in any way
-      last_response.headers['Foo'].should eq('Bar')
+      expect(last_response.headers['Foo']).to eq('Bar')
     end
 
     it 'uses the response on ArgumentError' do
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ describe Rack::Robustness do
     end
 
     it 'raises on unknown error' do
-      lambda{
+      expect{
         get '/type-error'
-      }.should raise_error(TypeError)
+      }.to raise_error(TypeError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ describe Rack::Robustness do
     end
 
     it 'raises on unknown error' do
-      lambda{
+      expect{
         get '/type-error'
-      }.should raise_error(TypeError)
+      }.to raise_error(TypeError)
     end
   end
 

data/tasks/gem.rake

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rubygems/package_task'
 
 # Dynamically load the gem spec
 gemspec_file = File.expand_path('../../rack-robustness.gemspec', __FILE__)
-gemspec      = Kernel.eval(File.read(gemspec_file))
+gemspec      = Kernel.eval(File.read(gemspec_file), binding, gemspec_file)
 
 Gem::PackageTask.new(gemspec) do |t|
 

metadata

@@ -1,71 +1,94 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: rack-robustness
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 1.2.0
+  version: 2.0.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Bernard Lambeau
-autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2023-06-09 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 1980-01-02 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake
+  name: rack
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '10.0'
-  type: :development
+        version: '3.0'
+    - - "<"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '4.0'
+  type: :runtime
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '10.0'
+        version: '3.0'
+    - - "<"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '4.0'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rspec
+  name: rack-test
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '2.12'
+        version: '2.0'
+    - - "<"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.0'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '2.0'
+    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '2.12'
+        version: '3.0'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rack
+  name: rake
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.5'
+        version: '13.0'
+    - - "<"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '14.0'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '13.0'
+    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.5'
+        version: '14.0'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rack-test
+  name: rspec
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.12'
+    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '0.6'
+        version: '4.0'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '0.6'
+        version: '3.12'
+    - - "<"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '4.0'
 description: Rack::Robustness provides you with an easy way to handle errors in your
   stack, for making web applications more robust.
 email:
@@ -73,22 +96,21 @@ email:
 executables: []
 extensions: []
 extra_rdoc_files:
-- README.md
 - CHANGELOG.md
 - LICENCE.md
+- README.md
 files:
 - CHANGELOG.md
 - Gemfile
-- Gemfile.lock
 - LICENCE.md
-- Manifest.txt
 - README.md
 - Rakefile
 - lib/rack/robustness.rb
-- rack-robustness.gemspec
+- lib/rack/robustness/version.rb
 - spec/spec_helper.rb
 - spec/test_context.rb
 - spec/test_ensure.rb
+- spec/test_header_names.rb
 - spec/test_last_resort.rb
 - spec/test_rescue.rb
 - spec/test_response.rb
@@ -97,9 +119,13 @@ files:
 - tasks/gem.rake
 - tasks/test.rake
 homepage: https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness
-licenses: []
-metadata: {}
-post_install_message: 
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata:
+  homepage_uri: https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness
+  source_code_uri: https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness
+  changelog_uri: https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+  bug_tracker_uri: https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness/issues
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
 - lib
@@ -107,23 +133,14 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: '0'
+      version: '3.2'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubygems_version: 3.1.6
-signing_key: 
+rubygems_version: 3.6.9
 specification_version: 4
 summary: Rack::Robustness, the rescue clause of your Rack stack.
-test_files:
-- spec/test_response.rb
-- spec/test_rescue.rb
-- spec/test_robustness.rb
-- spec/test_subclass.rb
-- spec/test_ensure.rb
-- spec/test_context.rb
-- spec/spec_helper.rb
-- spec/test_last_resort.rb
+test_files: []

data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-GEM
-  remote: http://rubygems.org/
-  specs:
-    diff-lcs (1.5.0)
-    rack (2.2.7)
-    rack-test (0.6.2)
-      rack (>= 1.0)
-    rake (13.0.6)
-    rspec (3.12.0)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.12.0)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.12.0)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.12.0)
-    rspec-core (3.12.2)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.12.0)
-    rspec-expectations (3.12.3)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.12.0)
-    rspec-mocks (3.12.5)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.12.0)
-    rspec-support (3.12.0)
-
-PLATFORMS
-  ruby
-
-DEPENDENCIES
-  rack (~> 2)
-  rack-test (~> 0.6)
-  rake (~> 13)
-  rspec (~> 3)
-
-BUNDLED WITH
-   2.4.6

data/Manifest.txt

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-rack-robustness.gemspec
-rack-robustness.noespec
-.gemtest
-CHANGELOG.md
-Gemfile
-Gemfile.lock
-bin/**/*
-lib/**/*
-LICENCE.md
-Manifest.txt
-Rakefile
-README.md
-spec/**/*
-tasks/**/*
-test/**/*

data/rack-robustness.gemspec

@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-# We require your library, mainly to have access to the VERSION number.
-# Feel free to set $version manually.
-$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
-require "rack/robustness"
-$version = Rack::Robustness::VERSION.dup.to_s
-
-#
-# This is your Gem specification. Default values are provided so that your library
-# should be correctly packaged given what you have described in the .noespec file.
-#
-Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-
-  ################################################################### ABOUT YOUR GEM
-
-  # Gem name (required)
-  s.name = "rack-robustness"
-
-  # Gem version (required)
-  s.version = $version
-
-  # A short summary of this gem
-  #
-  # This is displayed in `gem list -d`.
-  s.summary = "Rack::Robustness, the rescue clause of your Rack stack."
-
-  # A long description of this gem (required)
-  #
-  # The description should be more detailed than the summary.  For example,
-  # you might wish to copy the entire README into the description.
-  s.description = "Rack::Robustness provides you with an easy way to handle errors in your stack, for making web applications more robust."
-
-  # The URL of this gem home page (optional)
-  s.homepage = "https://github.com/blambeau/rack-robustness"
-
-  # Gem publication date (required but auto)
-  #
-  # Today is automatically used by default, uncomment only if
-  # you know what you do!
-  #
-  # s.date = Time.now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
-
-  # The license(s) for the library.  Each license must be a short name, no
-  # more than 64 characters.
-  #
-  # s.licences = %w{}
-
-  # The rubyforge project this gem lives under (optional)
-  #
-  # s.rubyforge_project = nil
-
-  ################################################################### ABOUT THE AUTHORS
-
-  # The list of author names who wrote this gem.
-  #
-  # If you are providing multiple authors and multiple emails they should be
-  # in the same order.
-  #
-  s.authors = ["Bernard Lambeau"]
-
-  # Contact emails for this gem
-  #
-  # If you are providing multiple authors and multiple emails they should be
-  # in the same order.
-  #
-  # NOTE: Somewhat strangly this attribute is always singular!
-  #       Don't replace by s.emails = ...
-  s.email  = ["blambeau@gmail.com"]
-
-  ################################################################### PATHS, FILES, BINARIES
-
-  # Paths in the gem to add to $LOAD_PATH when this gem is
-  # activated (required).
-  #
-  # The default 'lib' is typically sufficient.
-  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
-
-  # Files included in this gem.
-  #
-  # By default, we take all files included in the Manifest.txt file on root
-  # of the project. Entries of the manifest are interpreted as Dir[...]
-  # patterns so that lazy people may use wilcards like lib/**/*
-  #
-  here = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
-  s.files = File.readlines(File.join(here, 'Manifest.txt')).
-                 inject([]){|files, pattern| files + Dir[File.join(here, pattern.strip)]}.
-                 collect{|x| x[(1+here.size)..-1]}
-
-  # Test files included in this gem.
-  #
-  s.test_files = Dir["test/**/*"] + Dir["spec/**/*"]
-
-  # The path in the gem for executable scripts (optional)
-  #
-  s.bindir = "bin"
-
-  # Executables included in the gem.
-  #
-  s.executables = (Dir["bin/*"]).collect{|f| File.basename(f)}
-
-  ################################################################### REQUIREMENTS & INSTALL
-  # Remember the gem version requirements operators and schemes:
-  #   =  Equals version
-  #   != Not equal to version
-  #   >  Greater than version
-  #   <  Less than version
-  #   >= Greater than or equal to
-  #   <= Less than or equal to
-  #   ~> Approximately greater than
-  #
-  # Don't forget to have a look at http://lmgtfy.com/?q=Ruby+Versioning+Policies
-  # for setting your gem version.
-  #
-  # For your requirements to other gems, remember that
-  #   ">= 2.2.0"              (optimistic:  specify minimal version)
-  #   ">= 2.2.0", "< 3.0"     (pessimistic: not greater than the next major)
-  #   "~> 2.2"                (shortcut for ">= 2.2.0", "< 3.0")
-  #   "~> 2.2.0"              (shortcut for ">= 2.2.0", "< 2.3.0")
-  #
-
-  #
-  # One call to add_dependency('gem_name', 'gem version requirement') for each
-  # runtime dependency. These gems will be installed with your gem.
-  # One call to add_development_dependency('gem_name', 'gem version requirement')
-  # for each development dependency. These gems are required for developers
-  #
-  s.add_development_dependency("rake", "~> 10.0")
-  s.add_development_dependency("rspec", "~> 2.12")
-  s.add_development_dependency("rack", "~> 1.5")
-  s.add_development_dependency("rack-test", "~> 0.6")
-  
-
-  # The version of ruby required by this gem
-  #
-  # Uncomment and set this if your gem requires specific ruby versions.
-  #
-  # s.required_ruby_version = ">= 0"
-
-  # The RubyGems version required by this gem
-  #
-  # s.required_rubygems_version = ">= 0"
-
-  # The platform this gem runs on.  See Gem::Platform for details.
-  #
-  # s.platform = nil
-
-  # Extensions to build when installing the gem.
-  #
-  # Valid types of extensions are extconf.rb files, configure scripts
-  # and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.
-  #
-  s.extensions = []
-
-  # External (to RubyGems) requirements that must be met for this gem to work.
-  # It’s simply information for the user.
-  #
-  s.requirements = nil
-
-  # A message that gets displayed after the gem is installed
-  #
-  # Uncomment and set this if you want to say something to the user
-  # after gem installation
-  #
-  s.post_install_message = nil
-
-  ################################################################### SECURITY
-
-  # The key used to sign this gem.  See Gem::Security for details.
-  #
-  # s.signing_key = nil
-
-  # The certificate chain used to sign this gem.  See Gem::Security for
-  # details.
-  #
-  # s.cert_chain = []
-
-  ################################################################### RDOC
-
-  # An ARGV style array of options to RDoc
-  #
-  # See 'rdoc --help' about this
-  #
-  s.rdoc_options = []
-
-  # Extra files to add to RDoc such as README
-  #
-  s.extra_rdoc_files = Dir["README.md"] + Dir["CHANGELOG.md"] + Dir["LICENCE.md"]
-
-end